chore: fmt py

The Delete dashboard entry in the dashboards action menu was rendered with
a `<Flex justify="center">` and a custom `TableLinkText` span. This caused
the icon and label to be center-aligned, sized differently, and spaced
differently from the four sibling entries (View, Open in New Tab, Copy
Link, Export JSON) which use an antd `<Button>` with `.action-btn` styling.

Switch the Delete entry to the same antd `<Button>` structure as the rest
of the menu so the icon size, icon-to-text spacing, and left alignment
all match. While here, collapse the `section-1` / `section-2` wrappers
into a single `.actionContent` and move the action-menu styles into a
co-located CSS module (`DashboardActions.module.scss`) with a `deleteBtn`
modifier that carries the divider and the danger color via the
`--danger-background` semantic token.

ee/query-service/app/api/featureFlags.go

@@ -80,6 +80,15 @@ func (ah *APIHandler) getFeatureFlags(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		Route:      "",
 	})
 
+	fineGrainedAuthz := ah.Signoz.Flagger.BooleanOrEmpty(ctx, flagger.FeatureUseFineGrainedAuthz, evalCtx)
+	featureSet = append(featureSet, &licensetypes.Feature{
+		Name:       valuer.NewString(flagger.FeatureUseFineGrainedAuthz.String()),
+		Active:     fineGrainedAuthz,
+		Usage:      0,
+		UsageLimit: -1,
+		Route:      "",
+	})
+
 	if constants.IsDotMetricsEnabled {
 		for idx, feature := range featureSet {
 			if feature.Name == licensetypes.DotMetricsEnabled {

frontend/orval.config.ts

@@ -10,6 +10,13 @@ export default defineConfig({
 	signoz: {
 		input: {
 			target: '../docs/api/openapi.yml',
+			// Perses' `common.JSONRef` (used by `DashboardGridItem.content`) has a
+			// field tagged `json:"$ref"`, so our spec contains a property literally
+			// named `$ref`.
+			// Orval v8's validator (`@scalar/openapi-parser`) treats every `$ref` key
+			// as a JSON Reference and aborts with `INVALID_REFERENCE` when the value isn't a URI string.
+			// Safe to disable: yes, the spec is generated by `cmd/openapi.go` and gated by backend CI, not hand-edited.
+			unsafeDisableValidation: true,
 		},
 		output: {
 			target: './src/api/generated/services',

frontend/src/AppRoutes/routes.ts

@@ -144,18 +144,18 @@ const routes: AppRoutes[] = [
 	// /trace-old serves V3 (URL-only access). Flip the two `component`
 	// values back to release V3.
 	{
-		path: ROUTES.TRACE_DETAIL,
+		path: ROUTES.TRACE_DETAIL_OLD,
 		exact: true,
 		component: TraceDetail,
 		isPrivate: true,
-		key: 'TRACE_DETAIL',
+		key: 'TRACE_DETAIL_OLD',
 	},
 	{
-		path: ROUTES.TRACE_DETAIL_OLD,
+		path: ROUTES.TRACE_DETAIL,
 		exact: true,
 		component: TraceDetailV3,
 		isPrivate: true,
-		key: 'TRACE_DETAIL_OLD',
+		key: 'TRACE_DETAIL',
 	},
 	{
 		path: ROUTES.SETTINGS,

frontend/src/api/generated/services/alerts/index.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * * The file has been auto-generated using Orval for SigNoz
  * * regenerate with 'pnpm generate:api'
  * SigNoz
- * OpenAPI spec version: 0.0.1
  */
 import { useQuery } from 'react-query';
 import type {

frontend/src/api/generated/services/authdomains/index.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * * The file has been auto-generated using Orval for SigNoz
  * * regenerate with 'pnpm generate:api'
  * SigNoz
- * OpenAPI spec version: 0.0.1
  */
 import { useMutation, useQuery } from 'react-query';
 import type {

frontend/src/api/generated/services/authz/index.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * * The file has been auto-generated using Orval for SigNoz
  * * regenerate with 'pnpm generate:api'
  * SigNoz
- * OpenAPI spec version: 0.0.1
  */
 import { useMutation } from 'react-query';
 import type {

frontend/src/api/generated/services/channels/index.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * * The file has been auto-generated using Orval for SigNoz
  * * regenerate with 'pnpm generate:api'
  * SigNoz
- * OpenAPI spec version: 0.0.1
  */
 import { useMutation, useQuery } from 'react-query';
 import type {

frontend/src/api/generated/services/cloudintegration/index.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * * The file has been auto-generated using Orval for SigNoz
  * * regenerate with 'pnpm generate:api'
  * SigNoz
- * OpenAPI spec version: 0.0.1
  */
 import { useMutation, useQuery } from 'react-query';
 import type {

frontend/src/api/generated/services/dashboard/index.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * * The file has been auto-generated using Orval for SigNoz
  * * regenerate with 'pnpm generate:api'
  * SigNoz
- * OpenAPI spec version: 0.0.1
  */
 import { useMutation, useQuery } from 'react-query';
 import type {

frontend/src/api/generated/services/downtimeschedules/index.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * * The file has been auto-generated using Orval for SigNoz
  * * regenerate with 'pnpm generate:api'
  * SigNoz
- * OpenAPI spec version: 0.0.1
  */
 import { useMutation, useQuery } from 'react-query';
 import type {

frontend/src/api/generated/services/features/index.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * * The file has been auto-generated using Orval for SigNoz
  * * regenerate with 'pnpm generate:api'
  * SigNoz
- * OpenAPI spec version: 0.0.1
  */
 import { useQuery } from 'react-query';
 import type {

frontend/src/api/generated/services/fields/index.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * * The file has been auto-generated using Orval for SigNoz
  * * regenerate with 'pnpm generate:api'
  * SigNoz
- * OpenAPI spec version: 0.0.1
  */
 import { useQuery } from 'react-query';
 import type {

frontend/src/api/generated/services/gateway/index.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * * The file has been auto-generated using Orval for SigNoz
  * * regenerate with 'pnpm generate:api'
  * SigNoz
- * OpenAPI spec version: 0.0.1
  */
 import { useMutation, useQuery } from 'react-query';
 import type {

frontend/src/api/generated/services/global/index.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * * The file has been auto-generated using Orval for SigNoz
  * * regenerate with 'pnpm generate:api'
  * SigNoz
- * OpenAPI spec version: 0.0.1
  */
 import { useQuery } from 'react-query';
 import type {

frontend/src/api/generated/services/health/index.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * * The file has been auto-generated using Orval for SigNoz
  * * regenerate with 'pnpm generate:api'
  * SigNoz
- * OpenAPI spec version: 0.0.1
  */
 import { useQuery } from 'react-query';
 import type {

frontend/src/api/generated/services/inframonitoring/index.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * * The file has been auto-generated using Orval for SigNoz
  * * regenerate with 'pnpm generate:api'
  * SigNoz
- * OpenAPI spec version: 0.0.1
  */
 import { useMutation } from 'react-query';
 import type {

frontend/src/api/generated/services/llmpricingrules/index.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * * The file has been auto-generated using Orval for SigNoz
  * * regenerate with 'pnpm generate:api'
  * SigNoz
- * OpenAPI spec version: 0.0.1
  */
 import { useMutation, useQuery } from 'react-query';
 import type {

frontend/src/api/generated/services/logs/index.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * * The file has been auto-generated using Orval for SigNoz
  * * regenerate with 'pnpm generate:api'
  * SigNoz
- * OpenAPI spec version: 0.0.1
  */
 import { useMutation, useQuery } from 'react-query';
 import type {

frontend/src/api/generated/services/metrics/index.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * * The file has been auto-generated using Orval for SigNoz
  * * regenerate with 'pnpm generate:api'
  * SigNoz
- * OpenAPI spec version: 0.0.1
  */
 import { useMutation, useQuery } from 'react-query';
 import type {

frontend/src/api/generated/services/orgs/index.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * * The file has been auto-generated using Orval for SigNoz
  * * regenerate with 'pnpm generate:api'
  * SigNoz
- * OpenAPI spec version: 0.0.1
  */
 import { useMutation, useQuery } from 'react-query';
 import type {

frontend/src/api/generated/services/preferences/index.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * * The file has been auto-generated using Orval for SigNoz
  * * regenerate with 'pnpm generate:api'
  * SigNoz
- * OpenAPI spec version: 0.0.1
  */
 import { useMutation, useQuery } from 'react-query';
 import type {

frontend/src/api/generated/services/querier/index.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * * The file has been auto-generated using Orval for SigNoz
  * * regenerate with 'pnpm generate:api'
  * SigNoz
- * OpenAPI spec version: 0.0.1
  */
 import { useMutation } from 'react-query';
 import type {

frontend/src/api/generated/services/role/index.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * * The file has been auto-generated using Orval for SigNoz
  * * regenerate with 'pnpm generate:api'
  * SigNoz
- * OpenAPI spec version: 0.0.1
  */
 import { useMutation, useQuery } from 'react-query';
 import type {

frontend/src/api/generated/services/routepolicies/index.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * * The file has been auto-generated using Orval for SigNoz
  * * regenerate with 'pnpm generate:api'
  * SigNoz
- * OpenAPI spec version: 0.0.1
  */
 import { useMutation, useQuery } from 'react-query';
 import type {

frontend/src/api/generated/services/rules/index.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * * The file has been auto-generated using Orval for SigNoz
  * * regenerate with 'pnpm generate:api'
  * SigNoz
- * OpenAPI spec version: 0.0.1
  */
 import { useMutation, useQuery } from 'react-query';
 import type {

frontend/src/api/generated/services/serviceaccount/index.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * * The file has been auto-generated using Orval for SigNoz
  * * regenerate with 'pnpm generate:api'
  * SigNoz
- * OpenAPI spec version: 0.0.1
  */
 import { useMutation, useQuery } from 'react-query';
 import type {

frontend/src/api/generated/services/sessions/index.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * * The file has been auto-generated using Orval for SigNoz
  * * regenerate with 'pnpm generate:api'
  * SigNoz
- * OpenAPI spec version: 0.0.1
  */
 import { useMutation, useQuery } from 'react-query';
 import type {

frontend/src/api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * * The file has been auto-generated using Orval for SigNoz
  * * regenerate with 'pnpm generate:api'
  * SigNoz
- * OpenAPI spec version: 0.0.1
  */
 export interface AlertmanagertypesChannelDTO {
 	/**

frontend/src/api/generated/services/spanmapper/index.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * * The file has been auto-generated using Orval for SigNoz
  * * regenerate with 'pnpm generate:api'
  * SigNoz
- * OpenAPI spec version: 0.0.1
  */
 import { useMutation, useQuery } from 'react-query';
 import type {

frontend/src/api/generated/services/tracedetail/index.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * * The file has been auto-generated using Orval for SigNoz
  * * regenerate with 'pnpm generate:api'
  * SigNoz
- * OpenAPI spec version: 0.0.1
  */
 import { useMutation } from 'react-query';
 import type {

frontend/src/api/generated/services/users/index.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * * The file has been auto-generated using Orval for SigNoz
  * * regenerate with 'pnpm generate:api'
  * SigNoz
- * OpenAPI spec version: 0.0.1
  */
 import { useMutation, useQuery } from 'react-query';
 import type {

frontend/src/api/generated/services/zeus/index.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * * The file has been auto-generated using Orval for SigNoz
  * * regenerate with 'pnpm generate:api'
  * SigNoz
- * OpenAPI spec version: 0.0.1
  */
 import { useMutation, useQuery } from 'react-query';
 import type {

frontend/src/components/RolesSelect/RolesSelect.tsx

@@ -144,6 +144,7 @@ function RolesSelect(props: RolesSelectProps): JSX.Element {
 				loading={loading}
 				notFoundContent={notFoundContent}
 				options={options}
+				optionFilterProp="label"
 				optionRender={(option): JSX.Element => (
 					<Checkbox
 						checked={value.includes(option.value as string)}
@@ -162,6 +163,7 @@ function RolesSelect(props: RolesSelectProps): JSX.Element {
 	return (
 		<Select
 			id={id}
+			showSearch
 			value={value || undefined}
 			onChange={onChange}
 			placeholder={placeholder}
@@ -170,6 +172,7 @@ function RolesSelect(props: RolesSelectProps): JSX.Element {
 			loading={loading}
 			notFoundContent={notFoundContent}
 			options={options}
+			optionFilterProp="label"
 			getPopupContainer={getPopupContainer}
 			disabled={disabled}
 		/>

frontend/src/constants/features.ts

@@ -10,4 +10,5 @@ export enum FeatureKeys {
 	ONBOARDING_V3 = 'onboarding_v3',
 	DOT_METRICS_ENABLED = 'dot_metrics_enabled',
 	USE_JSON_BODY = 'use_json_body',
+	USE_FINE_GRAINED_AUTHZ = 'use_fine_grained_authz',
 }

frontend/src/container/FormAlertRules/index.tsx

@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ import { useQueryClient } from 'react-query';
 import { useSelector } from 'react-redux';
 import { useLocation } from 'react-router-dom';
 import { BellDot, CircleAlert, ExternalLink, Save } from '@signozhq/icons';
-import { Button, FormInstance, Modal, SelectProps } from 'antd';
+import { Button, FormInstance, SelectProps } from 'antd';
+import { ConfirmDialog } from '@signozhq/ui/dialog';
 import { Typography } from '@signozhq/ui/typography';
 import logEvent from 'api/common/logEvent';
 import { convertToApiError } from 'api/ErrorResponseHandlerForGeneratedAPIs';
@@ -162,6 +163,7 @@ function FormAlertRules({
 	const alertTypeFromURL = urlQuery.get(QueryParams.ruleType);
 
 	const [detectionMethod, setDetectionMethod] = useState<string | null>(null);
+	const [isConfirmSaveOpen, setIsConfirmSaveOpen] = useState(false);
 
 	useEffect(() => {
 		if (!isEqual(currentQuery.unit, yAxisUnit)) {
@@ -577,19 +579,16 @@ function FormAlertRules({
 			});
 
 			// invalidate rule in cache
-			ruleCache.invalidateQueries([
+			await ruleCache.invalidateQueries([
 				REACT_QUERY_KEY.ALERT_RULE_DETAILS,
 				`${ruleId}`,
 			]);
 
-			// eslint-disable-next-line sonarjs/no-identical-functions
-			setTimeout(() => {
-				urlQuery.delete(QueryParams.compositeQuery);
-				urlQuery.delete(QueryParams.panelTypes);
-				urlQuery.delete(QueryParams.ruleId);
-				urlQuery.delete(QueryParams.relativeTime);
-				safeNavigate(`${ROUTES.LIST_ALL_ALERT}?${urlQuery.toString()}`);
-			}, 2000);
+			urlQuery.delete(QueryParams.compositeQuery);
+			urlQuery.delete(QueryParams.panelTypes);
+			urlQuery.delete(QueryParams.ruleId);
+			urlQuery.delete(QueryParams.relativeTime);
+			safeNavigate(`${ROUTES.LIST_ALL_ALERT}?${urlQuery.toString()}`);
 		} catch (e) {
 			const apiError = convertToApiError(e as AxiosError<RenderErrorResponseDTO>);
 			logData = {
@@ -625,24 +624,9 @@ function FormAlertRules({
 		urlQuery,
 	]);
 
-	const onSaveHandler = useCallback(async () => {
-		const content = (
-			<Typography.Text>
-				{' '}
-				{t('confirm_save_content_part1')}{' '}
-				<QueryTypeTag queryType={currentQuery.queryType} />{' '}
-				{t('confirm_save_content_part2')}
-			</Typography.Text>
-		);
-		Modal.confirm({
-			icon: <CircleAlert size="md" />,
-			title: t('confirm_save_title'),
-			centered: true,
-			content,
-			onOk: saveRule,
-			className: 'create-alert-modal',
-		});
-	}, [t, saveRule, currentQuery]);
+	const onSaveHandler = useCallback(() => {
+		setIsConfirmSaveOpen(true);
+	}, []);
 
 	const onTestRuleHandler = useCallback(async () => {
 		if (!isFormValid()) {
@@ -988,6 +972,27 @@ function FormAlertRules({
 					</ButtonContainer>
 				</MainFormContainer>
 			</div>
+
+			<ConfirmDialog
+				open={isConfirmSaveOpen}
+				onOpenChange={setIsConfirmSaveOpen}
+				title={t('confirm_save_title')}
+				titleIcon={<CircleAlert size={14} />}
+				confirmText="OK"
+				confirmColor="primary"
+				onConfirm={async (): Promise<boolean> => {
+					await saveRule();
+					return true;
+				}}
+				onCancel={() => setIsConfirmSaveOpen(false)}
+				width="narrow"
+			>
+				<Typography.Text>
+					{t('confirm_save_content_part1')}{' '}
+					<QueryTypeTag queryType={currentQuery.queryType} />{' '}
+					{t('confirm_save_content_part2')}
+				</Typography.Text>
+			</ConfirmDialog>
 		</>
 	);
 }

frontend/src/container/ListOfDashboard/DashboardActions.module.scss

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+.actionContent {
+	display: flex;
+	flex-direction: column;
+}
+
+.actionBtn {
+	display: flex;
+	padding: 8px;
+	height: unset;
+	align-items: center;
+	gap: 6px;
+	color: var(--l2-foreground);
+	font-family: Inter;
+	font-size: 12px;
+	font-weight: 400;
+	line-height: normal;
+	letter-spacing: 0.14px;
+
+	:global(.ant-icon-btn) {
+		margin-inline-end: 0px;
+	}
+}
+
+.deleteBtn {
+	composes: actionBtn;
+	color: var(--danger-background) !important;
+	border-top: 1px solid var(--l1-border);
+}
+
+.deleteBtn:hover {
+	background-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--l1-foreground) 12%, transparent);
+}
+
+.deleteModal :global(.ant-modal-confirm-body) {
+	align-items: center;
+}

frontend/src/container/ListOfDashboard/DashboardList.styles.scss

@@ -745,52 +745,6 @@
 		box-shadow: 4px 10px 16px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
 		backdrop-filter: blur(20px);
 		padding: 0px;
-
-		.dashboard-action-content {
-			.section-1 {
-				display: flex;
-				flex-direction: column;
-
-				.action-btn {
-					display: flex;
-					padding: 8px;
-					height: unset;
-					align-items: center;
-					gap: 6px;
-					color: var(--l2-foreground);
-					font-family: Inter;
-					font-size: 12px;
-					font-style: normal;
-					font-weight: 400;
-					line-height: normal;
-					letter-spacing: 0.14px;
-
-					.ant-icon-btn {
-						margin-inline-end: 0px;
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			.section-2 {
-				display: flex;
-				flex-direction: column;
-				border-top: 1px solid var(--l1-border);
-
-				.ant-typography {
-					display: flex;
-					padding: 12px 8px;
-					align-items: center;
-					gap: 6px;
-					color: var(--bg-cherry-400) !important;
-					font-family: Inter;
-					font-size: 12px;
-					font-style: normal;
-					font-weight: 400;
-					line-height: normal;
-					letter-spacing: 0.14px;
-				}
-			}
-		}
 	}
 }
 

frontend/src/container/ListOfDashboard/DashboardsList.tsx

@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ import {
 	filterDashboards,
 } from './utils';
 
+import styles from './DashboardActions.module.scss';
 import './DashboardList.styles.scss';
 
 // eslint-disable-next-line sonarjs/cognitive-complexity
@@ -436,57 +437,53 @@ function DashboardsList(): JSX.Element {
 							{action && (
 								<Popover
 									content={
-										<div className="dashboard-action-content">
-											<section className="section-1">
-												<Button
-													type="text"
-													className="action-btn"
-													icon={<Expand size={12} />}
-													onClick={onClickHandler}
-												>
-													View
-												</Button>
-												<Button
-													type="text"
-													className="action-btn"
-													icon={<SquareArrowOutUpRight size={12} />}
-													onClick={(e): void => {
-														e.stopPropagation();
-														e.preventDefault();
-														openInNewTab(getLink());
-													}}
-												>
-													Open in New Tab
-												</Button>
-												<Button
-													type="text"
-													className="action-btn"
-													icon={<Link2 size={12} />}
-													onClick={(e): void => {
-														e.stopPropagation();
-														e.preventDefault();
-														setCopy(getAbsoluteUrl(getLink()));
-													}}
-												>
-													Copy Link
-												</Button>
-												<Button
-													type="text"
-													className="action-btn"
-													icon={<FileJson size={12} />}
-													onClick={handleJsonExport}
-												>
-													Export JSON
-												</Button>
-											</section>
-											<section className="section-2">
-												<DeleteButton
-													name={dashboard.name}
-													id={dashboard.id}
-													isLocked={dashboard.isLocked}
-													createdBy={dashboard.createdBy}
-												/>
-											</section>
+										<div className={styles.actionContent}>
+											<Button
+												type="text"
+												className={styles.actionBtn}
+												icon={<Expand size={12} />}
+												onClick={onClickHandler}
+											>
+												View
+											</Button>
+											<Button
+												type="text"
+												className={styles.actionBtn}
+												icon={<SquareArrowOutUpRight size={12} />}
+												onClick={(e): void => {
+													e.stopPropagation();
+													e.preventDefault();
+													openInNewTab(getLink());
+												}}
+											>
+												Open in New Tab
+											</Button>
+											<Button
+												type="text"
+												className={styles.actionBtn}
+												icon={<Link2 size={12} />}
+												onClick={(e): void => {
+													e.stopPropagation();
+													e.preventDefault();
+													setCopy(getAbsoluteUrl(getLink()));
+												}}
+											>
+												Copy Link
+											</Button>
+											<Button
+												type="text"
+												className={styles.actionBtn}
+												icon={<FileJson size={12} />}
+												onClick={handleJsonExport}
+											>
+												Export JSON
+											</Button>
+											<DeleteButton
+												name={dashboard.name}
+												id={dashboard.id}
+												isLocked={dashboard.isLocked}
+												createdBy={dashboard.createdBy}
+											/>
 										</div>
 									}
 									placement="bottomRight"

frontend/src/container/ListOfDashboard/TableComponents/DeleteButton.styles.scss

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-.delete-modal {
-	.ant-modal-confirm-body {
-		align-items: center;
-	}
-}
-
-.delete-btn:hover {
-	background-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--l1-foreground) 12%, transparent);
-}

frontend/src/container/ListOfDashboard/TableComponents/DeleteButton.tsx

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { useCallback } from 'react';
 import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
 import { useQueryClient } from 'react-query';
 import { CircleAlert, Trash2 } from '@signozhq/icons';
-import { Flex, Modal, Tooltip } from 'antd';
+import { Button, Modal, Tooltip } from 'antd';
 import { Typography } from '@signozhq/ui/typography';
 import { REACT_QUERY_KEY } from 'constants/reactQueryKeys';
 import ROUTES from 'constants/routes';
@@ -12,10 +12,8 @@ import history from 'lib/history';
 import { useAppContext } from 'providers/App/App';
 import { USER_ROLES } from 'types/roles';
 
+import styles from '../DashboardActions.module.scss';
 import { Data } from '../DashboardsList';
-import { TableLinkText } from './styles';
-
-import './DeleteButton.styles.scss';
 
 interface DeleteButtonProps {
 	createdBy: string;
@@ -85,7 +83,7 @@ export function DeleteButton({
 				},
 			},
 			centered: true,
-			className: 'delete-modal',
+			className: styles.deleteModal,
 		});
 	}, [
 		modal,
@@ -109,10 +107,16 @@ export function DeleteButton({
 		return '';
 	};
 
+	const isDisabled = isLocked || (user.role === USER_ROLES.VIEWER && !isAuthor);
+
 	return (
 		<>
 			<Tooltip placement="left" title={getDeleteTooltipContent()}>
-				<TableLinkText
+				<Button
+					type="text"
+					className={styles.deleteBtn}
+					icon={<Trash2 size={12} />}
+					disabled={isDisabled}
 					onClick={(e): void => {
 						e.preventDefault();
 						e.stopPropagation();
@@ -120,13 +124,9 @@ export function DeleteButton({
 							openConfirmationDialog();
 						}
 					}}
-					className="delete-btn"
-					disabled={isLocked || (user.role === USER_ROLES.VIEWER && !isAuthor)}
 				>
-					<Flex align="center" justify="center" gap={4}>
-						<Trash2 size={14} /> Delete dashboard
-					</Flex>
-				</TableLinkText>
+					Delete Dashboard
+				</Button>
 			</Tooltip>
 
 			{contextHolder}

frontend/src/container/ListOfDashboard/TableComponents/styles.ts

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-import styled from 'styled-components';
-
-export const TableLinkText = styled.span<{ disabled: boolean }>`
-	color: var(--destructive);
-	cursor: ${({ disabled }): string => (disabled ? 'not-allowed' : 'pointer')};
-	${({ disabled }): string => (disabled ? 'opacity: 0.5;' : '')}
-	padding: var(--spacing-3) var(--spacing-4);
-`;

frontend/src/container/OnboardingQuestionaire/AboutSigNozQuestions/AboutSigNozQuestions.tsx

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
-import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+import { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react';
 import { Button } from '@signozhq/ui/button';
 import { Checkbox } from '@signozhq/ui/checkbox';
 import { Input } from '@signozhq/ui/input';
 import { Input as AntdInput } from 'antd';
 import logEvent from 'api/common/logEvent';
 import { ArrowRight } from '@signozhq/icons';
+import { useAppContext } from 'providers/App/App';
 
 import { OnboardingQuestionHeader } from '../OnboardingQuestionHeader';
 
@@ -32,11 +33,31 @@ const interestedInOptions: Record<string, string> = {
 	openSourceTooling: 'Prefer open-source tooling',
 };
 
+function seededShuffle<T>(array: T[], seed: string): T[] {
+	const result = [...array];
+
+	let num = 0;
+	for (let i = 0; i < seed.length; i++) {
+		num = Math.imul(num + seed.charCodeAt(i), 2654435761);
+		num = Math.abs(num);
+	}
+
+	for (let i = result.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {
+		num = Math.abs(Math.imul(num, 1664525) + 1013904223);
+		const j = num % (i + 1);
+		[result[i], result[j]] = [result[j], result[i]];
+	}
+
+	return result;
+}
+
 export function AboutSigNozQuestions({
 	signozDetails,
 	setSignozDetails,
 	onNext,
 }: AboutSigNozQuestionsProps): JSX.Element {
+	const { versionData } = useAppContext();
+
 	const [interestInSignoz, setInterestInSignoz] = useState<string[]>(
 		signozDetails?.interestInSignoz || [],
 	);
@@ -48,6 +69,12 @@ export function AboutSigNozQuestions({
 	);
 	const [isNextDisabled, setIsNextDisabled] = useState<boolean>(true);
 
+	const shuffledOptionKeys = useMemo(
+		() =>
+			seededShuffle(Object.keys(interestedInOptions), versionData?.version ?? ''),
+		[versionData?.version],
+	);
+
 	useEffect((): void => {
 		if (
 			discoverSignoz !== '' &&
@@ -115,7 +142,7 @@ export function AboutSigNozQuestions({
 					<div className="form-group">
 						<div className="question">What got you interested in SigNoz?</div>
 						<div className="checkbox-grid">
-							{Object.keys(interestedInOptions).map((option: string) => (
+							{shuffledOptionKeys.map((option: string) => (
 								<div key={option} className="checkbox-item">
 									<Checkbox
 										id={`checkbox-${option}`}

frontend/src/container/RolesSettings/RoleDetails/RoleDetailsPage.tsx

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { useMemo, useState } from 'react';
 import { useQueryClient } from 'react-query';
-import { useHistory, useLocation } from 'react-router-dom';
+import { Redirect, useHistory, useLocation } from 'react-router-dom';
 import { Trash2 } from '@signozhq/icons';
 import { Button } from '@signozhq/ui/button';
 import { toast } from '@signozhq/ui/sonner';
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import {
 	buildRoleUpdatePermission,
 } from 'hooks/useAuthZ/permissions/role.permissions';
 import { useAuthZ } from 'hooks/useAuthZ/useAuthZ';
+import { useRolesFeatureGate } from 'hooks/useRolesFeatureGate';
 
 import type { AuthzResources } from '../utils';
 import ErrorInPlace from 'components/ErrorInPlace/ErrorInPlace';
@@ -52,8 +53,10 @@ function RoleDetailsPage(): JSX.Element {
 
 	const queryClient = useQueryClient();
 	const { showErrorModal } = useErrorModal();
+	const { isRolesEnabled, isLoading: isRolesGateLoading } =
+		useRolesFeatureGate();
 
-	const authzResources = permissionsType.data as unknown as AuthzResources;
+	const authzResources: AuthzResources = permissionsType.data;
 
 	// Extract roleId from URL pathname since useParams doesn't work in nested routing
 	const roleIdMatch = pathname.match(ROLE_ID_REGEX);
@@ -158,6 +161,22 @@ function RoleDetailsPage(): JSX.Element {
 		},
 	});
 
+	if (isRolesGateLoading) {
+		return (
+			<div className="role-details-page">
+				<Skeleton
+					active
+					paragraph={{ rows: 8 }}
+					className="role-details-skeleton"
+				/>
+			</div>
+		);
+	}
+
+	if (!isRolesEnabled) {
+		return <Redirect to={ROUTES.ROLES_SETTINGS} />;
+	}
+
 	if (!hasReadPermission && readPerms !== null) {
 		return <PermissionDeniedFullPage permissionName="role:read" />;
 	}

frontend/src/container/RolesSettings/RoleDetails/__tests__/RoleDetailsPage.test.tsx

@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ import {
 } from 'mocks-server/__mockdata__/roles';
 import { server } from 'mocks-server/server';
 import { rest } from 'msw';
+import { Route, Switch } from 'react-router-dom';
 import {
+	defaultFeatureFlags,
 	fireEvent,
 	render,
 	screen,
@@ -13,8 +15,10 @@ import {
 	waitFor,
 	within,
 } from 'tests/test-utils';
+import { FeatureKeys } from 'constants/features';
 import { useAuthZ } from 'hooks/useAuthZ/useAuthZ';
 import {
+	invalidLicense,
 	mockUseAuthZDenyAll,
 	mockUseAuthZGrantAll,
 } from 'tests/authz-test-utils';
@@ -230,6 +234,56 @@ describe('RoleDetailsPage', () => {
 		).resolves.toBeInTheDocument();
 	});
 
+	it('redirects to the roles list when license is not valid', async () => {
+		render(
+			<Switch>
+				<Route path="/settings/roles/:roleId">
+					<RoleDetailsPage />
+				</Route>
+				<Route path="/settings/roles" exact>
+					<div data-testid="roles-list-redirect-target" />
+				</Route>
+			</Switch>,
+			undefined,
+			{
+				initialRoute: `/settings/roles/${CUSTOM_ROLE_ID}`,
+				appContextOverrides: { activeLicense: invalidLicense },
+			},
+		);
+
+		await expect(
+			screen.findByTestId('roles-list-redirect-target'),
+		).resolves.toBeInTheDocument();
+	});
+
+	it('redirects to the roles list when fine-grained authz flag is inactive', async () => {
+		render(
+			<Switch>
+				<Route path="/settings/roles/:roleId">
+					<RoleDetailsPage />
+				</Route>
+				<Route path="/settings/roles" exact>
+					<div data-testid="roles-list-redirect-target" />
+				</Route>
+			</Switch>,
+			undefined,
+			{
+				initialRoute: `/settings/roles/${CUSTOM_ROLE_ID}`,
+				appContextOverrides: {
+					featureFlags: defaultFeatureFlags.map((f) =>
+						f.name === FeatureKeys.USE_FINE_GRAINED_AUTHZ
+							? { ...f, active: false }
+							: f,
+					),
+				},
+			},
+		);
+
+		await expect(
+			screen.findByTestId('roles-list-redirect-target'),
+		).resolves.toBeInTheDocument();
+	});
+
 	describe('permission side panel', () => {
 		beforeEach(() => {
 			// Both hooks mocked so data renders synchronously — no React Query scheduler or MSW round-trip.

frontend/src/container/RolesSettings/RolesComponents/RolesListingTable.tsx

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { DATE_TIME_FORMATS } from 'constants/dateTimeFormats';
 import ROUTES from 'constants/routes';
 import { RoleListPermission } from 'hooks/useAuthZ/permissions/role.permissions';
 import { useAuthZ } from 'hooks/useAuthZ/useAuthZ';
+import { useRolesFeatureGate } from 'hooks/useRolesFeatureGate';
 import useUrlQuery from 'hooks/useUrlQuery';
 import LineClampedText from 'periscope/components/LineClampedText/LineClampedText';
 import { useTimezone } from 'providers/Timezone';
@@ -30,6 +31,8 @@ interface RolesListingTableProps {
 function RolesListingTable({
 	searchQuery,
 }: RolesListingTableProps): JSX.Element {
+	const { isRolesEnabled } = useRolesFeatureGate();
+
 	const { permissions: listPerms, isLoading: isAuthZLoading } = useAuthZ([
 		RoleListPermission,
 	]);
@@ -203,19 +206,27 @@ function RolesListingTable({
 	const renderRow = (role: AuthtypesRoleDTO): JSX.Element => (
 		<div
 			key={role.id}
-			className="roles-table-row roles-table-row--clickable"
-			role="button"
-			tabIndex={0}
-			onClick={(): void => {
-				if (role.id) {
-					navigateToRole(role.id, role.name);
-				}
-			}}
-			onKeyDown={(e): void => {
-				if ((e.key === 'Enter' || e.key === ' ') && role.id) {
-					navigateToRole(role.id, role.name);
-				}
-			}}
+			className={`roles-table-row${isRolesEnabled ? ' roles-table-row--clickable' : ''}`}
+			role={isRolesEnabled ? 'button' : undefined}
+			tabIndex={isRolesEnabled ? 0 : undefined}
+			onClick={
+				isRolesEnabled
+					? (): void => {
+							if (role.id) {
+								navigateToRole(role.id, role.name);
+							}
+						}
+					: undefined
+			}
+			onKeyDown={
+				isRolesEnabled
+					? (e): void => {
+							if ((e.key === 'Enter' || e.key === ' ') && role.id) {
+								navigateToRole(role.id, role.name);
+							}
+						}
+					: undefined
+			}
 		>
 			<div className="roles-table-cell roles-table-cell--name">
 				{role.name ?? '—'}

frontend/src/container/RolesSettings/RolesSettings.tsx

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { Button } from '@signozhq/ui/button';
 import { Input } from '@signozhq/ui/input';
 import AuthZTooltip from 'components/AuthZTooltip/AuthZTooltip';
 import { RoleCreatePermission } from 'hooks/useAuthZ/permissions/role.permissions';
+import { useRolesFeatureGate } from 'hooks/useRolesFeatureGate';
 
 import CreateRoleModal from './RolesComponents/CreateRoleModal';
 import RolesListingTable from './RolesComponents/RolesListingTable';
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ import './RolesSettings.styles.scss';
 function RolesSettings(): JSX.Element {
 	const [searchQuery, setSearchQuery] = useState('');
 	const [isCreateModalOpen, setIsCreateModalOpen] = useState(false);
+	const { isRolesEnabled } = useRolesFeatureGate();
 
 	return (
 		<div className="roles-settings" data-testid="roles-settings">
@@ -38,17 +40,19 @@ function RolesSettings(): JSX.Element {
 						value={searchQuery}
 						onChange={(e): void => setSearchQuery(e.target.value)}
 					/>
-					<AuthZTooltip checks={[RoleCreatePermission]}>
-						<Button
-							variant="solid"
-							color="primary"
-							className="role-settings-toolbar-button"
-							onClick={(): void => setIsCreateModalOpen(true)}
-						>
-							<Plus size={14} />
-							Custom role
-						</Button>
-					</AuthZTooltip>
+					{isRolesEnabled && (
+						<AuthZTooltip checks={[RoleCreatePermission]}>
+							<Button
+								variant="solid"
+								color="primary"
+								className="role-settings-toolbar-button"
+								onClick={(): void => setIsCreateModalOpen(true)}
+							>
+								<Plus size={14} />
+								Custom role
+							</Button>
+						</AuthZTooltip>
+					)}
 				</div>
 				<RolesListingTable searchQuery={searchQuery} />
 			</div>

frontend/src/container/RolesSettings/__tests__/RolesSettings.test.tsx

@@ -4,9 +4,15 @@ import {
 } from 'mocks-server/__mockdata__/roles';
 import { server } from 'mocks-server/server';
 import { rest } from 'msw';
-import { fireEvent, render, screen } from 'tests/test-utils';
+import {
+	defaultFeatureFlags,
+	fireEvent,
+	render,
+	screen,
+} from 'tests/test-utils';
+import { FeatureKeys } from 'constants/features';
 import { useAuthZ } from 'hooks/useAuthZ/useAuthZ';
-import { mockUseAuthZGrantAll } from 'tests/authz-test-utils';
+import { invalidLicense, mockUseAuthZGrantAll } from 'tests/authz-test-utils';
 
 import RolesSettings from '../RolesSettings';
 
@@ -176,6 +182,50 @@ describe('RolesSettings', () => {
 		}
 	});
 
+	it('hides the create button and disables row clicks when fine-grained authz flag is inactive', async () => {
+		render(<RolesSettings />, undefined, {
+			appContextOverrides: {
+				featureFlags: defaultFeatureFlags.map((f) =>
+					f.name === FeatureKeys.USE_FINE_GRAINED_AUTHZ
+						? { ...f, active: false }
+						: f,
+				),
+			},
+		});
+
+		await expect(screen.findByText('signoz-admin')).resolves.toBeInTheDocument();
+
+		expect(
+			screen.queryByRole('button', { name: /custom role/i }),
+		).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+
+		const rows = document.querySelectorAll('.roles-table-row');
+		rows.forEach((row) => {
+			expect(row).not.toHaveClass('roles-table-row--clickable');
+			expect(row.getAttribute('role')).not.toBe('button');
+		});
+	});
+
+	it('hides the create button and disables row clicks when license is not valid', async () => {
+		render(<RolesSettings />, undefined, {
+			appContextOverrides: { activeLicense: invalidLicense },
+		});
+
+		await expect(screen.findByText('signoz-admin')).resolves.toBeInTheDocument();
+
+		// Create button must be absent
+		expect(
+			screen.queryByRole('button', { name: /custom role/i }),
+		).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+
+		// Rows must not carry the clickable class or button role
+		const rows = document.querySelectorAll('.roles-table-row');
+		rows.forEach((row) => {
+			expect(row).not.toHaveClass('roles-table-row--clickable');
+			expect(row.getAttribute('role')).not.toBe('button');
+		});
+	});
+
 	it('handles invalid dates gracefully by showing fallback', async () => {
 		const invalidRole = {
 			id: 'edge-0009',

frontend/src/container/RolesSettings/__tests__/utils.test.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import type {
-	CoretypesResourceRefDTO,
 	CoretypesObjectGroupDTO,
 	CoretypesTypeDTO,
 } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
@@ -8,11 +7,7 @@ import type {
 	PermissionConfig,
 	ResourceDefinition,
 } from '../PermissionSidePanel/PermissionSidePanel.types';
-
-type AuthzResources = {
-	resources: CoretypesResourceRefDTO[];
-	relations: Record<string, string[]>;
-};
+import type { AuthzResources } from '../utils';
 import { PermissionScope } from '../PermissionSidePanel/PermissionSidePanel.types';
 import {
 	buildConfig,
@@ -41,12 +36,14 @@ jest.mock('../RoleDetails/constants', () => {
 
 const dashboardResource: AuthzResources['resources'][number] = {
 	kind: 'dashboard',
-	type: 'metaresource' as CoretypesTypeDTO,
+	type: 'metaresource',
+	allowedVerbs: ['create', 'read', 'update', 'delete', 'list'],
 };
 
 const alertResource: AuthzResources['resources'][number] = {
 	kind: 'alert',
-	type: 'metaresource' as CoretypesTypeDTO,
+	type: 'metaresource',
+	allowedVerbs: ['create', 'read', 'update', 'delete', 'list'],
 };
 
 const baseAuthzResources: AuthzResources = {
@@ -57,6 +54,16 @@ const baseAuthzResources: AuthzResources = {
 	},
 };
 
+// API payload resource refs — only kind+type, no allowedVerbs (matches CoretypesResourceRefDTO shape)
+const dashboardResourceRef = {
+	kind: 'dashboard',
+	type: 'metaresource' as CoretypesTypeDTO,
+};
+const alertResourceRef = {
+	kind: 'alert',
+	type: 'metaresource' as CoretypesTypeDTO,
+};
+
 const resourceDefs: ResourceDefinition[] = [
 	{
 		id: 'metaresource:dashboard',
@@ -107,7 +114,7 @@ describe('buildPatchPayload', () => {
 		});
 
 		expect(result.additions).toStrictEqual([
-			{ resource: dashboardResource, selectors: [ID_B] },
+			{ resource: dashboardResourceRef, selectors: [ID_B] },
 		]);
 		expect(result.deletions).toBeNull();
 	});
@@ -142,7 +149,7 @@ describe('buildPatchPayload', () => {
 		});
 
 		expect(result.deletions).toStrictEqual([
-			{ resource: dashboardResource, selectors: [ID_B] },
+			{ resource: dashboardResourceRef, selectors: [ID_B] },
 		]);
 		expect(result.additions).toBeNull();
 	});
@@ -207,10 +214,10 @@ describe('buildPatchPayload', () => {
 		});
 
 		expect(result.deletions).toStrictEqual([
-			{ resource: dashboardResource, selectors: ['*'] },
+			{ resource: dashboardResourceRef, selectors: ['*'] },
 		]);
 		expect(result.additions).toStrictEqual([
-			{ resource: dashboardResource, selectors: [ID_A, ID_B] },
+			{ resource: dashboardResourceRef, selectors: [ID_A, ID_B] },
 		]);
 	});
 
@@ -241,7 +248,7 @@ describe('buildPatchPayload', () => {
 		});
 
 		expect(result.deletions).toStrictEqual([
-			{ resource: dashboardResource, selectors: ['*'] },
+			{ resource: dashboardResourceRef, selectors: ['*'] },
 		]);
 		expect(result.additions).toBeNull();
 	});
@@ -264,7 +271,7 @@ describe('buildPatchPayload', () => {
 		});
 
 		expect(result.deletions).toStrictEqual([
-			{ resource: dashboardResource, selectors: ['*'] },
+			{ resource: dashboardResourceRef, selectors: ['*'] },
 		]);
 		expect(result.additions).toBeNull();
 	});
@@ -287,7 +294,7 @@ describe('buildPatchPayload', () => {
 		});
 
 		expect(result.additions).toStrictEqual([
-			{ resource: dashboardResource, selectors: ['*'] },
+			{ resource: dashboardResourceRef, selectors: ['*'] },
 		]);
 		expect(result.deletions).toBeNull();
 	});
@@ -313,7 +320,7 @@ describe('buildPatchPayload', () => {
 		});
 
 		expect(result.deletions).toStrictEqual([
-			{ resource: dashboardResource, selectors: [ID_A, ID_B] },
+			{ resource: dashboardResourceRef, selectors: [ID_A, ID_B] },
 		]);
 		expect(result.additions).toBeNull();
 	});
@@ -339,7 +346,7 @@ describe('buildPatchPayload', () => {
 		});
 
 		expect(result.additions).toStrictEqual([
-			{ resource: dashboardResource, selectors: [ID_A] },
+			{ resource: dashboardResourceRef, selectors: [ID_A] },
 		]);
 		expect(result.deletions).toBeNull();
 	});
@@ -385,7 +392,7 @@ describe('buildPatchPayload', () => {
 		});
 
 		expect(result.additions).toStrictEqual([
-			{ resource: alertResource, selectors: [ID_B] },
+			{ resource: alertResourceRef, selectors: [ID_B] },
 		]);
 		expect(result.deletions).toBeNull();
 	});
@@ -394,7 +401,7 @@ describe('buildPatchPayload', () => {
 describe('objectsToPermissionConfig', () => {
 	it('maps a wildcard selector to ALL scope', () => {
 		const objects: CoretypesObjectGroupDTO[] = [
-			{ resource: dashboardResource, selectors: ['*'] },
+			{ resource: dashboardResourceRef, selectors: ['*'] },
 		];
 
 		const result = objectsToPermissionConfig(objects, resourceDefs);
@@ -407,7 +414,7 @@ describe('objectsToPermissionConfig', () => {
 
 	it('maps specific selectors to ONLY_SELECTED scope with the IDs', () => {
 		const objects: CoretypesObjectGroupDTO[] = [
-			{ resource: dashboardResource, selectors: [ID_A, ID_B] },
+			{ resource: dashboardResourceRef, selectors: [ID_A, ID_B] },
 		];
 
 		const result = objectsToPermissionConfig(objects, resourceDefs);
@@ -566,4 +573,41 @@ describe('deriveResourcesForRelation', () => {
 			deriveResourcesForRelation(baseAuthzResources, 'nonexistent'),
 		).toHaveLength(0);
 	});
+
+	describe('allowedVerbs filtering', () => {
+		it('excludes resources whose allowedVerbs does not include the relation', () => {
+			const authz: AuthzResources = {
+				resources: [
+					{
+						kind: 'dashboard',
+						type: 'metaresource',
+						allowedVerbs: ['create', 'read', 'update', 'delete', 'list'],
+					},
+					{
+						kind: 'alert',
+						type: 'metaresource',
+						allowedVerbs: ['create', 'read', 'update', 'delete', 'list', 'attach'],
+					},
+				],
+				relations: { attach: ['metaresource'] },
+			};
+
+			const result = deriveResourcesForRelation(authz, 'attach');
+
+			expect(result).toHaveLength(1);
+			expect(result[0].id).toBe('metaresource:alert');
+		});
+
+		it('requires both type-relation match and allowedVerbs — neither condition alone is sufficient', () => {
+			const authz: AuthzResources = {
+				resources: [
+					{ kind: 'dashboard', type: 'metaresource', allowedVerbs: ['read'] },
+					{ kind: 'role', type: 'role', allowedVerbs: ['create'] },
+				],
+				relations: { create: ['metaresource'] },
+			};
+
+			expect(deriveResourcesForRelation(authz, 'create')).toHaveLength(0);
+		});
+	});
 });

frontend/src/container/RolesSettings/utils.tsx

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import React from 'react';
 import { Badge } from '@signozhq/ui/badge';
 import type {
-	CoretypesResourceRefDTO,
 	CoretypesObjectGroupDTO,
+	CoretypesResourceRefDTO,
+	CoretypesTypeDTO,
 } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import { DATE_TIME_FORMATS } from 'constants/dateTimeFormats';
 import { capitalize } from 'lodash-es';
@@ -21,7 +22,11 @@ import {
 } from './RoleDetails/constants';
 
 export type AuthzResources = {
-	resources: ReadonlyArray<CoretypesResourceRefDTO>;
+	resources: ReadonlyArray<{
+		kind: string;
+		type: string;
+		allowedVerbs: readonly string[];
+	}>;
 	relations: Readonly<Record<string, ReadonlyArray<string>>>;
 };
 
@@ -69,7 +74,9 @@ export function deriveResourcesForRelation(
 	}
 	const supportedTypes = authzResources.relations[relation] ?? [];
 	return authzResources.resources
-		.filter((r) => supportedTypes.includes(r.type))
+		.filter(
+			(r) => supportedTypes.includes(r.type) && r.allowedVerbs.includes(relation),
+		)
 		.map((r) => ({
 			id: `${r.type}:${r.kind}`,
 			kind: r.kind,
@@ -141,7 +148,7 @@ export function buildPatchPayload({
 		}
 		const resourceDef: CoretypesResourceRefDTO = {
 			kind: found.kind,
-			type: found.type,
+			type: found.type as CoretypesTypeDTO,
 		};
 
 		const initialScope = initial?.scope ?? PermissionScope.NONE;

frontend/src/hooks/useRolesFeatureGate.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import { FeatureKeys } from 'constants/features';
+import { useAppContext } from 'providers/App/App';
+import { LicenseStatus } from 'types/api/licensesV3/getActive';
+
+export const useRolesFeatureGate = (): {
+	isRolesEnabled: boolean;
+	isLoading: boolean;
+} => {
+	const {
+		activeLicense,
+		featureFlags,
+		isFetchingActiveLicense,
+		isFetchingFeatureFlags,
+	} = useAppContext();
+
+	const isValidLicense = activeLicense?.status === LicenseStatus.VALID;
+	const isFineGrainedAuthzEnabled =
+		featureFlags?.find((f) => f.name === FeatureKeys.USE_FINE_GRAINED_AUTHZ)
+			?.active ?? false;
+
+	return {
+		isRolesEnabled: isValidLicense && isFineGrainedAuthzEnabled,
+		isLoading:
+			(isFetchingActiveLicense && !activeLicense) ||
+			(isFetchingFeatureFlags && !featureFlags),
+	};
+};

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/components/Tooltip/__tests__/utils.test.ts

@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ describe('Tooltip utils', () => {
 			];
 		}
 
-		it('builds tooltip content in series-index order with isActive flag set correctly', () => {
+		it('builds tooltip content sorted by value descending with isActive flag set correctly', () => {
 			const data: AlignedData = [[0], [10], [20], [30]];
 			const series = createSeriesConfig();
 			const dataIndexes = [null, 0, 0, 0];
@@ -206,21 +206,21 @@ describe('Tooltip utils', () => {
 			});
 
 			expect(result).toHaveLength(2);
-			// Series are returned in series-index order (A=index 1 before B=index 2)
+			// Sorted by value descending: B (20) before A (10)
 			expect(result[0]).toMatchObject<Partial<TooltipContentItem>>({
-				label: 'A',
-				value: 10,
-				tooltipValue: 'formatted-10',
-				color: '#ff0000',
-				isActive: false,
-			});
-			expect(result[1]).toMatchObject<Partial<TooltipContentItem>>({
 				label: 'B',
 				value: 20,
 				tooltipValue: 'formatted-20',
 				color: 'color-2',
 				isActive: true,
 			});
+			expect(result[1]).toMatchObject<Partial<TooltipContentItem>>({
+				label: 'A',
+				value: 10,
+				tooltipValue: 'formatted-10',
+				color: '#ff0000',
+				isActive: false,
+			});
 		});
 
 		it('skips series with null data index or non-finite values', () => {
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ describe('Tooltip utils', () => {
 			expect(result[1].value).toBe(30);
 		});
 
-		it('returns items in series-index order', () => {
+		it('returns items sorted by value descending', () => {
 			// Series values in non-sorted order: 3, 1, 4, 2
 			const data: AlignedData = [[0], [3], [1], [4], [2]];
 			const series: Series[] = [
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ describe('Tooltip utils', () => {
 				decimalPrecision,
 			});
 
-			expect(result.map((item) => item.value)).toStrictEqual([3, 1, 4, 2]);
+			expect(result.map((item) => item.value)).toStrictEqual([4, 3, 2, 1]);
 		});
 	});
 });

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/components/Tooltip/utils.ts

@@ -142,5 +142,7 @@ export function buildTooltipContent({
 		}
 	}
 
+	items.sort((a, b) => b.value - a.value);
+
 	return items;
 }

frontend/src/pages/TraceDetailsV3/TraceWaterfall/TraceWaterfallStates/Success/Success.tsx

@@ -473,6 +473,7 @@ export const SpanDuration = memo(function SpanDuration({
 const columnDefHelper = createColumnHelper<SpanV3>();
 
 const ROW_HEIGHT = 28;
+const WATERFALL_BOTTOM_PADDING = 24;
 const DEFAULT_SIDEBAR_WIDTH = 450;
 const MIN_SIDEBAR_WIDTH = 240;
 const MAX_SIDEBAR_WIDTH = 900;
@@ -740,53 +741,69 @@ function Success(props: ISuccessProps): JSX.Element {
 		);
 	}, [spans, sidebarWidth]);
 
-	// Scroll to the interested span only when it isn't already on screen.
-	// Covers every entry point uniformly: deep-link, flamegraph click,
-	// filter prev/next, browser back/forward all scroll only if needed;
-	// waterfall row clicks and chevron expand/collapse don't yank the viewport
-	// because the affected row is by definition already visible.
+	// Scroll a span to viewport center if it isn't already visible. Shared by
+	// the two effects below — one keyed on interestedSpanId (chevron, boundary
+	// pagination, deep-link to unloaded), the other on selectedSpan (in-window
+	// URL navigation that doesn't mutate interestedSpanId).
+	const scrollSpanIntoView = useCallback(
+		(span: SpanV3, spansList: SpanV3[]): void => {
+			if (!virtualizerRef.current) {
+				return;
+			}
+			const idx = spansList.findIndex((s) => s.span_id === span.span_id);
+			if (idx === -1) {
+				return;
+			}
+			const scrollEl = scrollContainerRef.current;
+			const scrollTop = scrollEl?.scrollTop ?? 0;
+			const viewportHeight = scrollEl?.clientHeight ?? 0;
+			const viewportStartIdx = Math.floor(scrollTop / ROW_HEIGHT);
+			const viewportEndIdx =
+				Math.ceil((scrollTop + viewportHeight) / ROW_HEIGHT) - 1;
+			const isOnScreen =
+				viewportHeight > 0 && idx >= viewportStartIdx && idx <= viewportEndIdx;
+			if (isOnScreen) {
+				return;
+			}
+			setTimeout(() => {
+				virtualizerRef.current?.scrollToIndex(idx, {
+					align: 'center',
+					behavior: 'auto',
+				});
+				const sidebarScrollEl = scrollContainerRef.current?.querySelector(
+					'.resizable-box__content',
+				);
+				if (sidebarScrollEl) {
+					const targetScrollLeft = Math.max(0, span.level * CONNECTOR_WIDTH - 40);
+					(sidebarScrollEl as HTMLElement).scrollLeft = targetScrollLeft;
+				}
+			}, 100);
+		},
+		[],
+	);
+
 	useEffect(() => {
-		if (interestedSpanId.spanId !== '' && virtualizerRef.current) {
+		if (interestedSpanId.spanId !== '') {
 			const idx = spans.findIndex(
 				(span) => span.span_id === interestedSpanId.spanId,
 			);
 			if (idx !== -1) {
-				const visible = virtualizerRef.current.getVirtualItems();
-				const isOnScreen =
-					visible.length > 0 &&
-					idx >= visible[0].index &&
-					idx <= visible[visible.length - 1].index;
-
-				if (!isOnScreen) {
-					setTimeout(() => {
-						virtualizerRef.current?.scrollToIndex(idx, {
-							align: 'center',
-							behavior: 'auto',
-						});
-
-						// Auto-scroll sidebar horizontally to show the span name
-						const span = spans[idx];
-						const sidebarScrollEl = scrollContainerRef.current?.querySelector(
-							'.resizable-box__content',
-						);
-						if (sidebarScrollEl) {
-							const targetScrollLeft = Math.max(0, span.level * CONNECTOR_WIDTH - 40);
-							sidebarScrollEl.scrollLeft = targetScrollLeft;
-						}
-					}, 400);
-				}
-
+				scrollSpanIntoView(spans[idx], spans);
 				setSelectedSpan(spans[idx]);
 			}
 		} else {
-			setSelectedSpan((prev) => {
-				if (!prev) {
-					return spans[0];
-				}
-				return prev;
-			});
+			setSelectedSpan((prev) => prev ?? spans[0]);
 		}
-	}, [interestedSpanId, setSelectedSpan, spans]);
+	}, [interestedSpanId, setSelectedSpan, spans, scrollSpanIntoView]);
+
+	// Covers URL-driven navigation to an already-loaded span (flamegraph /
+	// filter / browser back) that the interestedSpanId-keyed effect doesn't see.
+	useEffect(() => {
+		if (selectedSpan) {
+			scrollSpanIntoView(selectedSpan, spans);
+		}
+		// eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
+	}, [selectedSpan, scrollSpanIntoView]);
 
 	const virtualItems = virtualizer.getVirtualItems();
 	const leftRows = leftTable.getRowModel().rows;
@@ -846,7 +863,7 @@ function Success(props: ISuccessProps): JSX.Element {
 				<div
 					className={styles.splitBody}
 					style={{
-						minHeight: virtualizer.getTotalSize(),
+						minHeight: virtualizer.getTotalSize() + WATERFALL_BOTTOM_PADDING,
 						height: '100%',
 					}}
 				>

frontend/src/pages/TraceDetailsV3/index.tsx

@@ -74,17 +74,21 @@ function TraceDetailsV3(): JSX.Element {
 		onClose: handleSpanDetailsClose,
 	});
 
+	const allSpansRef = useRef<SpanV3[]>([]);
+
+	// Refetch only when the URL target isn't already loaded. Keeps row clicks
+	// and other in-window URL navigation from triggering a backend window slide.
 	useEffect(() => {
 		const spanId = urlQuery.get('spanId') || '';
-		// Only update interestedSpanId when a new span is selected,
-		// not when it's cleared (panel close) — avoids unnecessary API refetch
 		if (!spanId) {
 			return;
 		}
-		setInterestedSpanId({
-			spanId,
-			isUncollapsed: true,
-		});
+		const idx = allSpansRef.current.findIndex((s) => s.span_id === spanId);
+		if (idx !== -1) {
+			setSelectedSpan(allSpansRef.current[idx]);
+			return;
+		}
+		setInterestedSpanId({ spanId, isUncollapsed: true });
 	}, [urlQuery]);
 
 	// Hardcoded for now — fetch aggregations for all 3 candidate color-by fields
@@ -145,6 +149,10 @@ function TraceDetailsV3(): JSX.Element {
 		};
 	}
 
+	useEffect(() => {
+		allSpansRef.current = allSpans;
+	}, [allSpans]);
+
 	// Frontend mode: expand all parents by default when full data arrives
 	useEffect(() => {
 		if (isFullDataLoaded && allSpans.length > 0) {

frontend/src/tests/authz-test-utils.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,13 @@ import type {
 } from 'hooks/useAuthZ/types';
 import { rest } from 'msw';
 import type { RestHandler } from 'msw';
+import {
+	LicenseEvent,
+	LicensePlatform,
+	type LicenseResModel,
+	LicenseState,
+	LicenseStatus,
+} from 'types/api/licensesV3/getActive';
 
 export const AUTHZ_CHECK_URL = `${ENVIRONMENT.baseURL || ''}/api/v1/authz/check`;
 
@@ -97,6 +104,40 @@ export function setupAuthzAllow(
 	});
 }
 
+export function buildLicense(
+	overrides?: Partial<LicenseResModel>,
+): LicenseResModel {
+	return {
+		key: 'test-key',
+		status: LicenseStatus.VALID,
+		state: LicenseState.ACTIVATED,
+		platform: LicensePlatform.CLOUD,
+		event_queue: {
+			created_at: '0',
+			event: LicenseEvent.NO_EVENT,
+			scheduled_at: '0',
+			status: '',
+			updated_at: '0',
+		},
+		plan: {
+			created_at: '0',
+			description: '',
+			is_active: true,
+			name: '',
+			updated_at: '0',
+		},
+		plan_id: '0',
+		free_until: '0',
+		updated_at: '0',
+		valid_from: 0,
+		valid_until: 0,
+		created_at: '0',
+		...overrides,
+	};
+}
+
+export const invalidLicense = buildLicense({ status: LicenseStatus.INVALID });
+
 export function mockUseAuthZGrantAll(
 	permissions: BrandedPermission[],
 	_options?: UseAuthZOptions,

frontend/src/tests/test-utils.tsx

@@ -105,6 +105,59 @@ jest.mock('react-i18next', () => ({
 	}),
 }));
 
+export const defaultFeatureFlags = [
+	{ name: FeatureKeys.SSO, active: true, usage: 0, usage_limit: -1, route: '' },
+	{
+		name: FeatureKeys.USE_SPAN_METRICS,
+		active: false,
+		usage: 0,
+		usage_limit: -1,
+		route: '',
+	},
+	{
+		name: FeatureKeys.GATEWAY,
+		active: true,
+		usage: 0,
+		usage_limit: -1,
+		route: '',
+	},
+	{
+		name: FeatureKeys.PREMIUM_SUPPORT,
+		active: true,
+		usage: 0,
+		usage_limit: -1,
+		route: '',
+	},
+	{
+		name: FeatureKeys.ANOMALY_DETECTION,
+		active: true,
+		usage: 0,
+		usage_limit: -1,
+		route: '',
+	},
+	{
+		name: FeatureKeys.ONBOARDING,
+		active: true,
+		usage: 0,
+		usage_limit: -1,
+		route: '',
+	},
+	{
+		name: FeatureKeys.CHAT_SUPPORT,
+		active: true,
+		usage: 0,
+		usage_limit: -1,
+		route: '',
+	},
+	{
+		name: FeatureKeys.USE_FINE_GRAINED_AUTHZ,
+		active: true,
+		usage: 0,
+		usage_limit: -1,
+		route: '',
+	},
+];
+
 export function getAppContextMock(
 	role: string,
 	appContextOverrides?: Partial<IAppContext>,
@@ -168,57 +221,7 @@ export function getAppContextMock(
 		hasEditPermission: role === USER_ROLES.ADMIN || role === USER_ROLES.EDITOR,
 		isFetchingUser: false,
 		userFetchError: null,
-		featureFlags: [
-			{
-				name: FeatureKeys.SSO,
-				active: true,
-				usage: 0,
-				usage_limit: -1,
-				route: '',
-			},
-			{
-				name: FeatureKeys.USE_SPAN_METRICS,
-				active: false,
-				usage: 0,
-				usage_limit: -1,
-				route: '',
-			},
-			{
-				name: FeatureKeys.GATEWAY,
-				active: true,
-				usage: 0,
-				usage_limit: -1,
-				route: '',
-			},
-			{
-				name: FeatureKeys.PREMIUM_SUPPORT,
-				active: true,
-				usage: 0,
-				usage_limit: -1,
-				route: '',
-			},
-			{
-				name: FeatureKeys.ANOMALY_DETECTION,
-				active: true,
-				usage: 0,
-				usage_limit: -1,
-				route: '',
-			},
-			{
-				name: FeatureKeys.ONBOARDING,
-				active: true,
-				usage: 0,
-				usage_limit: -1,
-				route: '',
-			},
-			{
-				name: FeatureKeys.CHAT_SUPPORT,
-				active: true,
-				usage: 0,
-				usage_limit: -1,
-				route: '',
-			},
-		],
+		featureFlags: defaultFeatureFlags,
 		isFetchingFeatureFlags: false,
 		featureFlagsFetchError: null,
 		hostsData: null,

frontend/src/utils/permission/index.ts

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ export const routePermission: Record<keyof typeof ROUTES, ROLES[]> = {
 	HOME: ['ADMIN', 'EDITOR', 'VIEWER'],
 	ALERTS_NEW: ['ADMIN', 'EDITOR'],
 	ORG_SETTINGS: ['ADMIN'],
-	MY_SETTINGS: ['ADMIN', 'EDITOR', 'VIEWER'],
+	MY_SETTINGS: ['ADMIN', 'EDITOR', 'VIEWER', 'ANONYMOUS'],
 	SERVICE_MAP: ['ADMIN', 'EDITOR', 'VIEWER'],
 	ALL_CHANNELS: ['ADMIN', 'EDITOR', 'VIEWER'],
 	INGESTION_SETTINGS: ['ADMIN', 'EDITOR', 'VIEWER'],
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ export const routePermission: Record<keyof typeof ROUTES, ROLES[]> = {
 	NOT_FOUND: ['ADMIN', 'VIEWER', 'EDITOR', 'ANONYMOUS'],
 	PASSWORD_RESET: ['ADMIN', 'EDITOR', 'VIEWER'],
 	SERVICE_METRICS: ['ADMIN', 'EDITOR', 'VIEWER'],
-	SETTINGS: ['ADMIN', 'EDITOR', 'VIEWER'],
+	SETTINGS: ['ADMIN', 'EDITOR', 'VIEWER', 'ANONYMOUS'],
 	SIGN_UP: ['ADMIN', 'EDITOR', 'VIEWER'],
 	TRACES_EXPLORER: ['ADMIN', 'EDITOR', 'VIEWER'],
 	TRACE: ['ADMIN', 'EDITOR', 'VIEWER'],
@@ -98,10 +98,10 @@ export const routePermission: Record<keyof typeof ROUTES, ROLES[]> = {
 	GET_STARTED_AZURE_MONITORING: ['ADMIN', 'EDITOR', 'VIEWER'],
 	WORKSPACE_LOCKED: ['ADMIN', 'EDITOR', 'VIEWER'],
 	WORKSPACE_SUSPENDED: ['ADMIN', 'EDITOR', 'VIEWER'],
-	ROLES_SETTINGS: ['ADMIN', 'EDITOR', 'VIEWER'],
-	ROLE_DETAILS: ['ADMIN', 'EDITOR', 'VIEWER'],
+	ROLES_SETTINGS: ['ADMIN', 'EDITOR', 'VIEWER', 'ANONYMOUS'],
+	ROLE_DETAILS: ['ADMIN', 'EDITOR', 'VIEWER', 'ANONYMOUS'],
 	MEMBERS_SETTINGS: ['ADMIN'],
-	SERVICE_ACCOUNTS_SETTINGS: ['ADMIN', 'EDITOR', 'VIEWER'],
+	SERVICE_ACCOUNTS_SETTINGS: ['ADMIN', 'EDITOR', 'VIEWER', 'ANONYMOUS'],
 	BILLING: ['ADMIN'],
 	SUPPORT: ['ADMIN', 'EDITOR', 'VIEWER', 'ANONYMOUS'],
 	SOMETHING_WENT_WRONG: ['ADMIN', 'EDITOR', 'VIEWER'],

pkg/cache/memorycache/provider.go

@@ -64,7 +64,8 @@ func New(ctx context.Context, settings factory.ProviderSettings, config cache.Co
 		o.ObserveInt64(telemetry.setsRejected, int64(metrics.SetsRejected()), metric.WithAttributes(attributes...))
 		o.ObserveInt64(telemetry.getsDropped, int64(metrics.GetsDropped()), metric.WithAttributes(attributes...))
 		o.ObserveInt64(telemetry.getsKept, int64(metrics.GetsKept()), metric.WithAttributes(attributes...))
-		o.ObserveInt64(telemetry.totalCost, int64(cc.MaxCost()), metric.WithAttributes(attributes...))
+		o.ObserveInt64(telemetry.costUsed, int64(metrics.CostAdded())-int64(metrics.CostEvicted()), metric.WithAttributes(attributes...))
+		o.ObserveInt64(telemetry.totalCost, cc.MaxCost(), metric.WithAttributes(attributes...))
 		return nil
 	},
 		telemetry.cacheRatio,
@@ -79,6 +80,7 @@ func New(ctx context.Context, settings factory.ProviderSettings, config cache.Co
 		telemetry.setsRejected,
 		telemetry.getsDropped,
 		telemetry.getsKept,
+		telemetry.costUsed,
 		telemetry.totalCost,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -112,11 +114,13 @@ func (provider *provider) Set(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID, cacheKey s
 	}
 
 	if cloneable, ok := data.(cachetypes.Cloneable); ok {
+		cost := max(cloneable.Cost(), 1)
+		// Clamp to a minimum of 1: ristretto treats cost 0 specially and we
+		// never want zero-size entries to bypass admission accounting.
 		span.SetAttributes(attribute.Bool("memory.cloneable", true))
-		span.SetAttributes(attribute.Int64("memory.cost", 1))
+		span.SetAttributes(attribute.Int64("memory.cost", cost))
 		toCache := cloneable.Clone()
-		// In case of contention we are choosing to evict the cloneable entries first hence cost is set to 1
-		if ok := provider.cc.SetWithTTL(strings.Join([]string{orgID.StringValue(), cacheKey}, "::"), toCache, 1, ttl); !ok {
+		if ok := provider.cc.SetWithTTL(strings.Join([]string{orgID.StringValue(), cacheKey}, "::"), toCache, cost, ttl); !ok {
 			return errors.New(errors.TypeInternal, errors.CodeInternal, "error writing to cache")
 		}
 
@@ -125,15 +129,15 @@ func (provider *provider) Set(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID, cacheKey s
 	}
 
 	toCache, err := provider.marshalBinary(ctx, data)
-	cost := int64(len(toCache))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	cost := max(int64(len(toCache)), 1)
 
 	span.SetAttributes(attribute.Bool("memory.cloneable", false))
 	span.SetAttributes(attribute.Int64("memory.cost", cost))
 
-	if ok := provider.cc.SetWithTTL(strings.Join([]string{orgID.StringValue(), cacheKey}, "::"), toCache, 1, ttl); !ok {
+	if ok := provider.cc.SetWithTTL(strings.Join([]string{orgID.StringValue(), cacheKey}, "::"), toCache, cost, ttl); !ok {
 		return errors.New(errors.TypeInternal, errors.CodeInternal, "error writing to cache")
 	}
 

pkg/cache/memorycache/provider_test.go

@@ -31,6 +31,10 @@ func (cloneable *CloneableA) Clone() cachetypes.Cacheable {
 	}
 }
 
+func (cloneable *CloneableA) Cost() int64 {
+	return int64(len(cloneable.Key)) + 16
+}
+
 func (cloneable *CloneableA) MarshalBinary() ([]byte, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(cloneable)
 }
@@ -165,6 +169,45 @@ func TestSetGetWithDifferentTypes(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Error(t, err)
 }
 
+// LargeCloneable reports a large byte cost so we can test ristretto eviction
+// without allocating the full payload in memory.
+type LargeCloneable struct {
+	Key      string
+	CostHint int64
+}
+
+func (c *LargeCloneable) Clone() cachetypes.Cacheable {
+	return &LargeCloneable{Key: c.Key, CostHint: c.CostHint}
+}
+
+func (c *LargeCloneable) Cost() int64 { return c.CostHint }
+
+func (c *LargeCloneable) MarshalBinary() ([]byte, error) { return json.Marshal(c) }
+
+func (c *LargeCloneable) UnmarshalBinary(data []byte) error { return json.Unmarshal(data, c) }
+
+func TestCloneableExceedingMaxCostIsRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	const maxCost int64 = 1 << 20  // 1 MiB
+	const oversize int64 = 2 << 20 // 2 MiB, larger than the entire cache
+
+	c, err := New(context.Background(), factorytest.NewSettings(), cache.Config{Provider: "memory", Memory: cache.Memory{
+		NumCounters: 10 * 1000,
+		MaxCost:     maxCost,
+	}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	orgID := valuer.GenerateUUID()
+	const key = "oversize-key"
+	assert.NoError(t, c.Set(context.Background(), orgID, key,
+		&LargeCloneable{Key: key, CostHint: oversize}, time.Minute))
+
+	// Ristretto rejects any entry with cost > MaxCost (policy.go:100). Probe
+	// ristretto directly to confirm no admission, instead of relying on metrics.
+	cc := c.(*provider).cc
+	_, ok := cc.Get(strings.Join([]string{orgID.StringValue(), key}, "::"))
+	assert.False(t, ok, "entry with Cost() > MaxCost must be rejected")
+}
+
 func TestCloneableConcurrentSetGet(t *testing.T) {
 	cache, err := New(context.Background(), factorytest.NewSettings(), cache.Config{Provider: "memory", Memory: cache.Memory{
 		NumCounters: 10 * 1000,

pkg/cache/memorycache/telemetry.go

@@ -7,17 +7,18 @@ import (
 
 type telemetry struct {
 	cacheRatio   metric.Float64ObservableGauge
-	cacheHits    metric.Int64ObservableGauge
-	cacheMisses  metric.Int64ObservableGauge
-	costAdded    metric.Int64ObservableGauge
-	costEvicted  metric.Int64ObservableGauge
-	keysAdded    metric.Int64ObservableGauge
-	keysEvicted  metric.Int64ObservableGauge
-	keysUpdated  metric.Int64ObservableGauge
-	setsDropped  metric.Int64ObservableGauge
-	setsRejected metric.Int64ObservableGauge
-	getsDropped  metric.Int64ObservableGauge
-	getsKept     metric.Int64ObservableGauge
+	cacheHits    metric.Int64ObservableCounter
+	cacheMisses  metric.Int64ObservableCounter
+	costAdded    metric.Int64ObservableCounter
+	costEvicted  metric.Int64ObservableCounter
+	keysAdded    metric.Int64ObservableCounter
+	keysEvicted  metric.Int64ObservableCounter
+	keysUpdated  metric.Int64ObservableCounter
+	setsDropped  metric.Int64ObservableCounter
+	setsRejected metric.Int64ObservableCounter
+	getsDropped  metric.Int64ObservableCounter
+	getsKept     metric.Int64ObservableCounter
+	costUsed     metric.Int64ObservableGauge
 	totalCost    metric.Int64ObservableGauge
 }
 
@@ -28,62 +29,67 @@ func newMetrics(meter metric.Meter) (*telemetry, error) {
 		errs = errors.Join(errs, err)
 	}
 
-	cacheHits, err := meter.Int64ObservableGauge("signoz.cache.hits", metric.WithDescription("Hits is the number of Get calls where a value was found for the corresponding key."))
+	cacheHits, err := meter.Int64ObservableCounter("signoz.cache.hits", metric.WithDescription("Hits is the number of Get calls where a value was found for the corresponding key."))
 	if err != nil {
 		errs = errors.Join(errs, err)
 	}
 
-	cacheMisses, err := meter.Int64ObservableGauge("signoz.cache.misses", metric.WithDescription("Misses is the number of Get calls where a value was not found for the corresponding key"))
+	cacheMisses, err := meter.Int64ObservableCounter("signoz.cache.misses", metric.WithDescription("Misses is the number of Get calls where a value was not found for the corresponding key"))
 	if err != nil {
 		errs = errors.Join(errs, err)
 	}
 
-	costAdded, err := meter.Int64ObservableGauge("signoz.cache.cost.added", metric.WithDescription("CostAdded is the sum of costs that have been added (successful Set calls)"))
+	costAdded, err := meter.Int64ObservableCounter("signoz.cache.cost.added", metric.WithDescription("CostAdded is the sum of costs that have been added (successful Set calls)"))
 	if err != nil {
 		errs = errors.Join(errs, err)
 	}
 
-	costEvicted, err := meter.Int64ObservableGauge("signoz.cache.cost.evicted", metric.WithDescription("CostEvicted is the sum of all costs that have been evicted"))
+	costEvicted, err := meter.Int64ObservableCounter("signoz.cache.cost.evicted", metric.WithDescription("CostEvicted is the sum of all costs that have been evicted"))
 	if err != nil {
 		errs = errors.Join(errs, err)
 	}
 
-	keysAdded, err := meter.Int64ObservableGauge("signoz.cache.keys.added", metric.WithDescription("KeysAdded is the total number of Set calls where a new key-value item was added"))
+	keysAdded, err := meter.Int64ObservableCounter("signoz.cache.keys.added", metric.WithDescription("KeysAdded is the total number of Set calls where a new key-value item was added"))
 	if err != nil {
 		errs = errors.Join(errs, err)
 	}
 
-	keysEvicted, err := meter.Int64ObservableGauge("signoz.cache.keys.evicted", metric.WithDescription("KeysEvicted is the total number of keys evicted"))
+	keysEvicted, err := meter.Int64ObservableCounter("signoz.cache.keys.evicted", metric.WithDescription("KeysEvicted is the total number of keys evicted"))
 	if err != nil {
 		errs = errors.Join(errs, err)
 	}
 
-	keysUpdated, err := meter.Int64ObservableGauge("signoz.cache.keys.updated", metric.WithDescription("KeysUpdated is the total number of Set calls where the value was updated"))
+	keysUpdated, err := meter.Int64ObservableCounter("signoz.cache.keys.updated", metric.WithDescription("KeysUpdated is the total number of Set calls where the value was updated"))
 	if err != nil {
 		errs = errors.Join(errs, err)
 	}
 
-	setsDropped, err := meter.Int64ObservableGauge("signoz.cache.sets.dropped", metric.WithDescription("SetsDropped is the number of Set calls that don't make it into internal buffers (due to contention or some other reason)"))
+	setsDropped, err := meter.Int64ObservableCounter("signoz.cache.sets.dropped", metric.WithDescription("SetsDropped is the number of Set calls that don't make it into internal buffers (due to contention or some other reason)"))
 	if err != nil {
 		errs = errors.Join(errs, err)
 	}
 
-	setsRejected, err := meter.Int64ObservableGauge("signoz.cache.sets.rejected", metric.WithDescription("SetsRejected is the number of Set calls rejected by the policy (TinyLFU)"))
+	setsRejected, err := meter.Int64ObservableCounter("signoz.cache.sets.rejected", metric.WithDescription("SetsRejected is the number of Set calls rejected by the policy (TinyLFU)"))
 	if err != nil {
 		errs = errors.Join(errs, err)
 	}
 
-	getsDropped, err := meter.Int64ObservableGauge("signoz.cache.gets.dropped", metric.WithDescription("GetsDropped is the number of Get calls that don't make it into internal buffers (due to contention or some other reason)"))
+	getsDropped, err := meter.Int64ObservableCounter("signoz.cache.gets.dropped", metric.WithDescription("GetsDropped is the number of Get calls that don't make it into internal buffers (due to contention or some other reason)"))
 	if err != nil {
 		errs = errors.Join(errs, err)
 	}
 
-	getsKept, err := meter.Int64ObservableGauge("signoz.cache.gets.kept", metric.WithDescription("GetsKept is the number of Get calls that make it into internal buffers"))
+	getsKept, err := meter.Int64ObservableCounter("signoz.cache.gets.kept", metric.WithDescription("GetsKept is the number of Get calls that make it into internal buffers"))
 	if err != nil {
 		errs = errors.Join(errs, err)
 	}
 
-	totalCost, err := meter.Int64ObservableGauge("signoz.cache.total.cost", metric.WithDescription("TotalCost is the available cost configured for the cache"))
+	costUsed, err := meter.Int64ObservableGauge("signoz.cache.cost.used", metric.WithDescription("CostUsed is the current retained cost in the cache (CostAdded - CostEvicted)."))
+	if err != nil {
+		errs = errors.Join(errs, err)
+	}
+
+	totalCost, err := meter.Int64ObservableGauge("signoz.cache.total.cost", metric.WithDescription("TotalCost is the configured MaxCost ceiling for the cache."))
 	if err != nil {
 		errs = errors.Join(errs, err)
 	}
@@ -105,6 +111,7 @@ func newMetrics(meter metric.Meter) (*telemetry, error) {
 		setsRejected: setsRejected,
 		getsDropped:  getsDropped,
 		getsKept:     getsKept,
+		costUsed:     costUsed,
 		totalCost:    totalCost,
 	}, nil
 }

pkg/cache/rediscache/provider_test.go

@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@ func (cacheable *CacheableA) Clone() cachetypes.Cacheable {
 	}
 }
 
+func (cacheable *CacheableA) Cost() int64 {
+	return int64(len(cacheable.Key)) + 16
+}
+
 func (cacheable *CacheableA) MarshalBinary() ([]byte, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(cacheable)
 }

pkg/flagger/registry.go

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ var (
 	FeatureGetMetersFromZeus = featuretypes.MustNewName("get_meters_from_zeus")
 	FeaturePutMetersInZeus   = featuretypes.MustNewName("put_meters_in_zeus")
 	FeatureUseMeterReporter  = featuretypes.MustNewName("use_meter_reporter")
-	FeatureUseJSONBody       = featuretypes.MustNewName("use_json_body")
+	FeatureUseJSONBody            = featuretypes.MustNewName("use_json_body")
+	FeatureUseFineGrainedAuthz    = featuretypes.MustNewName("use_fine_grained_authz")
 )
 
 func MustNewRegistry() featuretypes.Registry {
@@ -70,6 +71,14 @@ func MustNewRegistry() featuretypes.Registry {
 			DefaultVariant: featuretypes.MustNewName("disabled"),
 			Variants:       featuretypes.NewBooleanVariants(),
 		},
+		&featuretypes.Feature{
+			Name:           FeatureUseFineGrainedAuthz,
+			Kind:           featuretypes.KindBoolean,
+			Stage:          featuretypes.StageExperimental,
+			Description:    "Controls whether fine-grained authorization is enabled",
+			DefaultVariant: featuretypes.MustNewName("disabled"),
+			Variants:       featuretypes.NewBooleanVariants(),
+		},
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)

pkg/querier/postprocess.go

@@ -335,10 +335,8 @@ func (q *querier) applyFormulas(ctx context.Context, results map[string]*qbtypes
 			}
 		case qbtypes.RequestTypeScalar:
 			result := q.processScalarFormula(ctx, results, formula, req)
-			if result != nil {
-				result = q.applySeriesLimit(result, formula.Limit, formula.Order)
-				results[name] = result
-			}
+			// For scalar results, apply limit by processScalarFormula itself since it needs to be applied before converting back to scalar format
+			results[name] = result
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -526,6 +524,9 @@ func (q *querier) processScalarFormula(
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	// Apply ordering (and limit) before converting to scalar format.
+	formulaSeries = qbtypes.ApplySeriesLimit(formulaSeries, formula.Order, formula.Limit)
+
 	// Convert back to scalar format
 	scalarResult := &qbtypes.ScalarData{
 		QueryName: formula.Name,

pkg/querier/postprocess_test.go

@@ -1,15 +1,155 @@
 package querier
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/instrumentation/instrumentationtest"
 	qbtypes "github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/querybuildertypes/querybuildertypesv5"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/telemetrytypes"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
+// scalarInputResult builds a ScalarData result with one group column ("service")
+// and one aggregation column ("__result"), holding the provided (service, value) rows.
+func scalarInputResult(queryName string, rows []struct {
+	service string
+	value   float64
+}) *qbtypes.Result {
+	serviceKey := telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey{
+		Name:          "service",
+		FieldDataType: telemetrytypes.FieldDataTypeString,
+	}
+	resultKey := telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey{
+		Name:          "__result",
+		FieldDataType: telemetrytypes.FieldDataTypeFloat64,
+	}
+
+	data := make([][]any, 0, len(rows))
+	for _, r := range rows {
+		data = append(data, []any{r.service, r.value})
+	}
+
+	return &qbtypes.Result{
+		Value: &qbtypes.ScalarData{
+			QueryName: queryName,
+			Columns: []*qbtypes.ColumnDescriptor{
+				{
+					TelemetryFieldKey: serviceKey,
+					QueryName:         queryName,
+					Type:              qbtypes.ColumnTypeGroup,
+				},
+				{
+					TelemetryFieldKey: resultKey,
+					QueryName:         queryName,
+					AggregationIndex:  0,
+					Type:              qbtypes.ColumnTypeAggregation,
+				},
+			},
+			Data: data,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProcessScalarFormula_AppliesOrderAndLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	q := &querier{
+		logger: instrumentationtest.New().Logger(),
+	}
+
+	// Mimic what a dashboard emits: orderBy keyed by the formula name ("F1"),
+	// which applyFormulas rewrites to __result before sorting.
+	orderByFormula := func(name string, dir qbtypes.OrderDirection) []qbtypes.OrderBy {
+		return []qbtypes.OrderBy{
+			{
+				Key: qbtypes.OrderByKey{
+					TelemetryFieldKey: telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey{
+						Name: name,
+					},
+				},
+				Direction: dir,
+			},
+		}
+	}
+
+	// A+B per service: a=101, b=11, c=2
+	makeInputs := func() map[string]*qbtypes.Result {
+		return map[string]*qbtypes.Result{
+			"A": scalarInputResult("A", []struct {
+				service string
+				value   float64
+			}{
+				{"a", 100},
+				{"b", 10},
+				{"c", 1},
+			}),
+			"B": scalarInputResult("B", []struct {
+				service string
+				value   float64
+			}{
+				{"a", 1},
+				{"b", 0},
+				{"c", 1},
+			}),
+		}
+	}
+
+	makeReq := func(formula qbtypes.QueryBuilderFormula) *qbtypes.QueryRangeRequest {
+		return &qbtypes.QueryRangeRequest{
+			RequestType: qbtypes.RequestTypeScalar,
+			CompositeQuery: qbtypes.CompositeQuery{
+				Queries: []qbtypes.QueryEnvelope{
+					{Type: qbtypes.QueryTypeBuilder, Spec: qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.MetricAggregation]{Name: "A"}},
+					{Type: qbtypes.QueryTypeBuilder, Spec: qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.MetricAggregation]{Name: "B"}},
+					{Type: qbtypes.QueryTypeFormula, Spec: formula},
+				},
+			},
+		}
+	}
+
+	t.Run("F1 desc with limit truncates and sorts", func(t *testing.T) {
+		formula := qbtypes.QueryBuilderFormula{
+			Name:       "F1",
+			Expression: "A + B",
+			Order:      orderByFormula("F1", qbtypes.OrderDirectionDesc),
+			Limit:      2,
+		}
+
+		out := q.applyFormulas(context.Background(), makeInputs(), makeReq(formula))
+		got, ok := out["F1"]
+		require.True(t, ok, "formula result missing")
+		scalar, ok := got.Value.(*qbtypes.ScalarData)
+		require.True(t, ok, "expected *ScalarData, got %T", got.Value)
+
+		// Limit=2 + F1 desc: the two largest __result rows in descending order.
+		require.Len(t, scalar.Data, 2, "limit=2 was ignored before the fix")
+		require.Equal(t, "a", scalar.Data[0][0])
+		require.InDelta(t, 101.0, scalar.Data[0][1].(float64), 1e-9)
+		require.Equal(t, "b", scalar.Data[1][0])
+		require.InDelta(t, 10.0, scalar.Data[1][1].(float64), 1e-9)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("F1 desc without limit sorts all rows", func(t *testing.T) {
+		formula := qbtypes.QueryBuilderFormula{
+			Name:       "F1",
+			Expression: "A / B",
+			Order:      orderByFormula("F1", qbtypes.OrderDirectionAsc),
+		}
+
+		out := q.applyFormulas(context.Background(), makeInputs(), makeReq(formula))
+		got, ok := out["F1"]
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		scalar, ok := got.Value.(*qbtypes.ScalarData)
+		require.True(t, ok)
+
+		require.Len(t, scalar.Data, 2)
+		require.Equal(t, "c", scalar.Data[0][0])
+		require.InDelta(t, 1.0, scalar.Data[0][1].(float64), 1e-9)
+		require.Equal(t, "a", scalar.Data[1][0])
+		require.InDelta(t, 100.0, scalar.Data[1][1].(float64), 1e-9)
+	})
+}
+
 // Multiple series with different number of labels, shouldn't panic and should align labels correctly.
 func TestConvertTimeSeriesDataToScalar_RaggedLabels(t *testing.T) {
 	label := func(name string, value any) *qbtypes.Label {

pkg/query-service/app/clickhouseReader/reader.go

@@ -1156,11 +1156,9 @@ func (r *ClickHouseReader) GetFlamegraphSpansForTrace(ctx context.Context, orgID
 		r.logger.Info("cache miss for getFlamegraphSpansForTrace", "traceID", traceID)
 
 		selectCols := "timestamp, duration_nano, span_id, trace_id, has_error, links as references, resource_string_service$$name, name, events"
-		selectFieldCols := req.GetSelectedFieldsSourceColumns()
-		if len(selectFieldCols) > 0 {
-			selectCols = fmt.Sprintf("%s, %s", selectCols, strings.Join(selectFieldCols, ", "))
+		if len(req.SelectFields) > 0 {
+			selectCols += ", attributes_string, attributes_number, attributes_bool, resources_string"
 		}
-
 		flamegraphQuery := fmt.Sprintf("SELECT %s FROM %s.%s WHERE trace_id=$1 and ts_bucket_start>=$2 and ts_bucket_start<=$3 ORDER BY timestamp ASC, name ASC", selectCols, r.TraceDB, r.traceTableName)
 
 		searchScanResponses, err := r.GetSpansForTrace(ctx, traceID, flamegraphQuery)

pkg/query-service/app/http_handler.go

@@ -1784,6 +1784,15 @@ func (aH *APIHandler) getFeatureFlags(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		Route:      "",
 	})
 
+	fineGrainedAuthz := aH.Signoz.Flagger.BooleanOrEmpty(r.Context(), flagger.FeatureUseFineGrainedAuthz, evalCtx)
+	featureSet = append(featureSet, &licensetypes.Feature{
+		Name:       valuer.NewString(flagger.FeatureUseFineGrainedAuthz.String()),
+		Active:     fineGrainedAuthz,
+		Usage:      0,
+		UsageLimit: -1,
+		Route:      "",
+	})
+
 	if constants.IsDotMetricsEnabled {
 		for idx, feature := range featureSet {
 			if feature.Name == licensetypes.DotMetricsEnabled {

pkg/query-service/app/parser.go

@@ -769,6 +769,13 @@ func ParseQueryRangeParams(r *http.Request) (*v3.QueryRangeParamsV3, *model.ApiE
 		return nil, &model.ApiError{Typ: model.ErrorBadData, Err: err}
 	}
 
+	// Clamp the top-level Step for PromQL
+	if queryRangeParams.CompositeQuery.QueryType == v3.QueryTypePromQL {
+		if minStep := common.MinAllowedStepInterval(queryRangeParams.Start, queryRangeParams.End); queryRangeParams.Step < minStep {
+			queryRangeParams.Step = minStep
+		}
+	}
+
 	// prepare the variables for the corresponding query type
 	formattedVars := make(map[string]interface{})
 	for name, value := range queryRangeParams.Variables {

pkg/query-service/model/cacheable.go

@@ -41,6 +41,11 @@ func (c *GetWaterfallSpansForTraceWithMetadataCache) Clone() cachetypes.Cacheabl
 	}
 }
 
+func (c *GetWaterfallSpansForTraceWithMetadataCache) Cost() int64 {
+	const perSpanBytes = 256
+	return int64(c.TotalSpans) * perSpanBytes
+}
+
 func (c *GetWaterfallSpansForTraceWithMetadataCache) MarshalBinary() (data []byte, err error) {
 	return json.Marshal(c)
 }
@@ -66,6 +71,16 @@ func (c *GetFlamegraphSpansForTraceCache) Clone() cachetypes.Cacheable {
 	}
 }
 
+func (c *GetFlamegraphSpansForTraceCache) Cost() int64 {
+	const perSpanBytes = 128
+	var spans int64
+	for _, row := range c.SelectedSpans {
+		spans += int64(len(row))
+	}
+	spans += int64(len(c.TraceRoots))
+	return spans * perSpanBytes
+}
+
 func (c *GetFlamegraphSpansForTraceCache) MarshalBinary() (data []byte, err error) {
 	return json.Marshal(c)
 }

pkg/query-service/model/queryParams.go

@@ -346,45 +346,6 @@ type GetFlamegraphSpansForTraceParams struct {
 	SelectFields    []telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey `json:"selectFields"`
 }
 
-func (r *GetFlamegraphSpansForTraceParams) GetSelectedFieldsSourceColumns() []string {
-	var needsAttrString, needsAttrNumber, needsAttrBool, needsResourceMap bool
-	for _, f := range r.SelectFields {
-		switch f.FieldContext {
-		case telemetrytypes.FieldContextAttribute:
-			switch f.FieldDataType {
-			case telemetrytypes.FieldDataTypeString:
-				needsAttrString = true
-			case telemetrytypes.FieldDataTypeFloat64, telemetrytypes.FieldDataTypeNumber, telemetrytypes.FieldDataTypeInt64:
-				needsAttrNumber = true
-			case telemetrytypes.FieldDataTypeBool:
-				needsAttrBool = true
-			default:
-				// Unknown type: AttributeValue searches all three maps, so we need all.
-				needsAttrString = true
-				needsAttrNumber = true
-				needsAttrBool = true
-			}
-		case telemetrytypes.FieldContextResource:
-			needsResourceMap = true
-		}
-	}
-
-	var cols []string
-	if needsAttrString {
-		cols = append(cols, "attributes_string")
-	}
-	if needsAttrNumber {
-		cols = append(cols, "attributes_number")
-	}
-	if needsAttrBool {
-		cols = append(cols, "attributes_bool")
-	}
-	if needsResourceMap {
-		cols = append(cols, "resources_string")
-	}
-	return cols
-}
-
 type SpanFilterParams struct {
 	TraceID            []string `json:"traceID"`
 	Status             []string `json:"status"`

pkg/telemetrytraces/trace_operator_cte_builder.go

@@ -70,12 +70,39 @@ func (b *traceOperatorCTEBuilder) build(ctx context.Context, requestType qbtypes
 
 	selectFromCTE := rootCTEName
 	if b.operator.ReturnSpansFrom != "" {
-		selectFromCTE = b.queryToCTEName[b.operator.ReturnSpansFrom]
-		if selectFromCTE == "" {
+		sourceQueryCTE := b.queryToCTEName[b.operator.ReturnSpansFrom]
+		if sourceQueryCTE == "" {
 			return nil, errors.NewInvalidInputf(errors.CodeInvalidInput,
 				"returnSpansFrom references query '%s' which has no corresponding CTE",
 				b.operator.ReturnSpansFrom)
 		}
+		filteredCTEName := fmt.Sprintf("__return_from_%s", b.operator.ReturnSpansFrom)
+
+		// DISTINCT is essential here. The operator CTE (rootCTEName) holds one row
+		// per matching *span*, not one row per matching *trace*. A single trace can
+		// satisfy the operator through multiple spans — e.g. for "A -> B", every
+		// A-span that is an indirect ancestor of any B-span appears as a separate
+		// row. If we joined sourceQueryCTE directly against rootCTEName on trace_id,
+		// each source span would be duplicated once for every operator-matching span
+		// on the same trace. DISTINCT collapses rootCTEName to one row per trace_id,
+		// making the join a clean membership test with no fan-out.
+		matchingTracedSB := sqlbuilder.NewSelectBuilder()
+		matchingTracedSB.Select("DISTINCT trace_id")
+		matchingTracedSB.From(rootCTEName)
+		matchedTracesSQL, matchedTracesArgs := matchingTracedSB.BuildWithFlavor(sqlbuilder.ClickHouse)
+
+		filteredSB := sqlbuilder.NewSelectBuilder()
+		filteredSB.Select("src.*")
+		filteredSB.From(fmt.Sprintf("%s AS src", sourceQueryCTE))
+		filteredSB.JoinWithOption(
+			sqlbuilder.InnerJoin,
+			fmt.Sprintf("(%s) AS matched_traces", matchedTracesSQL),
+			"src.trace_id = matched_traces.trace_id",
+		)
+		filteredSQL, filteredArgs := filteredSB.BuildWithFlavor(sqlbuilder.ClickHouse, matchedTracesArgs...)
+
+		b.addCTE(filteredCTEName, filteredSQL, filteredArgs, []string{sourceQueryCTE, rootCTEName})
+		selectFromCTE = filteredCTEName
 	}
 
 	finalStmt, err := b.buildFinalQuery(ctx, selectFromCTE, requestType)

pkg/telemetrytraces/trace_operator_cte_builder_test.go

@@ -385,6 +385,82 @@ func TestTraceOperatorStatementBuilder(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			expectedErr: nil,
 		},
+		{
+			name:        "returnSpansFrom B: A -> B return B spans filtered by operator",
+			requestType: qbtypes.RequestTypeRaw,
+			operator: qbtypes.QueryBuilderTraceOperator{
+				Expression:      "A -> B",
+				ReturnSpansFrom: "B",
+				Limit:           10,
+			},
+			compositeQuery: &qbtypes.CompositeQuery{
+				Queries: []qbtypes.QueryEnvelope{
+					{
+						Type: qbtypes.QueryTypeBuilder,
+						Spec: qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.TraceAggregation]{
+							Name:   "A",
+							Signal: telemetrytypes.SignalTraces,
+							Filter: &qbtypes.Filter{Expression: "service.name = 'gateway'"},
+						},
+					},
+					{
+						Type: qbtypes.QueryTypeBuilder,
+						Spec: qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.TraceAggregation]{
+							Name:   "B",
+							Signal: telemetrytypes.SignalTraces,
+							Filter: &qbtypes.Filter{Expression: "service.name = 'database'"},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			expected: qbtypes.Statement{
+				Query: "WITH toDateTime64(1747947419000000000, 9) AS t_from, toDateTime64(1747983448000000000, 9) AS t_to, 1747945619 AS bucket_from, 1747983448 AS bucket_to, all_spans AS (SELECT *, resource_string_service$$name AS `service.name` FROM signoz_traces.distributed_signoz_index_v3 WHERE timestamp >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ?), __resource_filter_A AS (SELECT fingerprint FROM signoz_traces.distributed_traces_v3_resource WHERE (simpleJSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') = ? AND labels LIKE ? AND labels LIKE ?) AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start >= ? AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start <= ?), A AS (SELECT * FROM signoz_traces.distributed_signoz_index_v3 WHERE resource_fingerprint GLOBAL IN (SELECT fingerprint FROM __resource_filter_A) AND timestamp >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ?), __resource_filter_B AS (SELECT fingerprint FROM signoz_traces.distributed_traces_v3_resource WHERE (simpleJSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') = ? AND labels LIKE ? AND labels LIKE ?) AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start >= ? AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start <= ?), B AS (SELECT * FROM signoz_traces.distributed_signoz_index_v3 WHERE resource_fingerprint GLOBAL IN (SELECT fingerprint FROM __resource_filter_B) AND timestamp >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ?), A_INDIR_DESC_B AS (WITH RECURSIVE up AS (SELECT d.trace_id, d.span_id, d.parent_span_id, 0 AS depth FROM B AS d UNION ALL SELECT p.trace_id, p.span_id, p.parent_span_id, up.depth + 1 FROM all_spans AS p JOIN up ON p.trace_id = up.trace_id AND p.span_id = up.parent_span_id WHERE up.depth < 100) SELECT DISTINCT a.* FROM A AS a GLOBAL INNER JOIN (SELECT DISTINCT trace_id, span_id FROM up WHERE depth > 0 ) AS ancestors ON ancestors.trace_id = a.trace_id AND ancestors.span_id = a.span_id), __return_from_B AS (SELECT src.* FROM B AS src INNER JOIN (SELECT DISTINCT trace_id FROM A_INDIR_DESC_B) AS matched_traces ON src.trace_id = matched_traces.trace_id) SELECT timestamp, trace_id, span_id, name, duration_nano, parent_span_id FROM __return_from_B ORDER BY timestamp DESC LIMIT ? SETTINGS distributed_product_mode='allow', max_memory_usage=10000000000",
+				Args:  []any{"1747947419000000000", "1747983448000000000", uint64(1747945619), uint64(1747983448), "gateway", "%service.name%", "%service.name\":\"gateway%", uint64(1747945619), uint64(1747983448), "1747947419000000000", "1747983448000000000", uint64(1747945619), uint64(1747983448), "database", "%service.name%", "%service.name\":\"database%", uint64(1747945619), uint64(1747983448), "1747947419000000000", "1747983448000000000", uint64(1747945619), uint64(1747983448), 10},
+			},
+			expectedErr: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "returnSpansFrom C: (A -> B) && C return C spans filtered by operator",
+			requestType: qbtypes.RequestTypeRaw,
+			operator: qbtypes.QueryBuilderTraceOperator{
+				Expression:      "(A -> B) && C",
+				ReturnSpansFrom: "C",
+				Limit:           10,
+			},
+			compositeQuery: &qbtypes.CompositeQuery{
+				Queries: []qbtypes.QueryEnvelope{
+					{
+						Type: qbtypes.QueryTypeBuilder,
+						Spec: qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.TraceAggregation]{
+							Name:   "A",
+							Signal: telemetrytypes.SignalTraces,
+							Filter: &qbtypes.Filter{Expression: "service.name = 'gateway'"},
+						},
+					},
+					{
+						Type: qbtypes.QueryTypeBuilder,
+						Spec: qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.TraceAggregation]{
+							Name:   "B",
+							Signal: telemetrytypes.SignalTraces,
+							Filter: &qbtypes.Filter{Expression: "service.name = 'database'"},
+						},
+					},
+					{
+						Type: qbtypes.QueryTypeBuilder,
+						Spec: qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.TraceAggregation]{
+							Name:   "C",
+							Signal: telemetrytypes.SignalTraces,
+							Filter: &qbtypes.Filter{Expression: "service.name = 'auth'"},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			expected: qbtypes.Statement{
+				Query: "WITH toDateTime64(1747947419000000000, 9) AS t_from, toDateTime64(1747983448000000000, 9) AS t_to, 1747945619 AS bucket_from, 1747983448 AS bucket_to, all_spans AS (SELECT *, resource_string_service$$name AS `service.name` FROM signoz_traces.distributed_signoz_index_v3 WHERE timestamp >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ?), __resource_filter_A AS (SELECT fingerprint FROM signoz_traces.distributed_traces_v3_resource WHERE (simpleJSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') = ? AND labels LIKE ? AND labels LIKE ?) AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start >= ? AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start <= ?), A AS (SELECT * FROM signoz_traces.distributed_signoz_index_v3 WHERE resource_fingerprint GLOBAL IN (SELECT fingerprint FROM __resource_filter_A) AND timestamp >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ?), __resource_filter_B AS (SELECT fingerprint FROM signoz_traces.distributed_traces_v3_resource WHERE (simpleJSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') = ? AND labels LIKE ? AND labels LIKE ?) AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start >= ? AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start <= ?), B AS (SELECT * FROM signoz_traces.distributed_signoz_index_v3 WHERE resource_fingerprint GLOBAL IN (SELECT fingerprint FROM __resource_filter_B) AND timestamp >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ?), A_INDIR_DESC_B AS (WITH RECURSIVE up AS (SELECT d.trace_id, d.span_id, d.parent_span_id, 0 AS depth FROM B AS d UNION ALL SELECT p.trace_id, p.span_id, p.parent_span_id, up.depth + 1 FROM all_spans AS p JOIN up ON p.trace_id = up.trace_id AND p.span_id = up.parent_span_id WHERE up.depth < 100) SELECT DISTINCT a.* FROM A AS a GLOBAL INNER JOIN (SELECT DISTINCT trace_id, span_id FROM up WHERE depth > 0 ) AS ancestors ON ancestors.trace_id = a.trace_id AND ancestors.span_id = a.span_id), __resource_filter_C AS (SELECT fingerprint FROM signoz_traces.distributed_traces_v3_resource WHERE (simpleJSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') = ? AND labels LIKE ? AND labels LIKE ?) AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start >= ? AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start <= ?), C AS (SELECT * FROM signoz_traces.distributed_signoz_index_v3 WHERE resource_fingerprint GLOBAL IN (SELECT fingerprint FROM __resource_filter_C) AND timestamp >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ?), A_INDIR_DESC_B_AND_C AS (SELECT l.* FROM A_INDIR_DESC_B AS l INNER JOIN C AS r ON l.trace_id = r.trace_id), __return_from_C AS (SELECT src.* FROM C AS src INNER JOIN (SELECT DISTINCT trace_id FROM A_INDIR_DESC_B_AND_C) AS matched_traces ON src.trace_id = matched_traces.trace_id) SELECT timestamp, trace_id, span_id, name, duration_nano, parent_span_id FROM __return_from_C ORDER BY timestamp DESC LIMIT ? SETTINGS distributed_product_mode='allow', max_memory_usage=10000000000",
+				Args:  []any{"1747947419000000000", "1747983448000000000", uint64(1747945619), uint64(1747983448), "gateway", "%service.name%", "%service.name\":\"gateway%", uint64(1747945619), uint64(1747983448), "1747947419000000000", "1747983448000000000", uint64(1747945619), uint64(1747983448), "database", "%service.name%", "%service.name\":\"database%", uint64(1747945619), uint64(1747983448), "1747947419000000000", "1747983448000000000", uint64(1747945619), uint64(1747983448), "auth", "%service.name%", "%service.name\":\"auth%", uint64(1747945619), uint64(1747983448), "1747947419000000000", "1747983448000000000", uint64(1747945619), uint64(1747983448), 10},
+			},
+			expectedErr: nil,
+		},
 	}
 
 	fm := NewFieldMapper()

pkg/types/cachetypes/cacheable.go

@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@ type Cloneable interface {
 	// Creates a deep copy of the Cacheable. This method is useful for memory caches to avoid the need for serialization/deserialization. It also prevents
 	// race conditions in the memory cache.
 	Clone() Cacheable
+	// Cost returns the weight of this entry for cost-based cache accounting
+	// and eviction. Typically derived from the approximate retained byte size,
+	// but the value represents cache cost, not literal bytes.
+	Cost() int64
 }
 
 func NewSha1CacheKey(val string) string {

pkg/types/querybuildertypes/querybuildertypesv5/cached.go

@@ -59,3 +59,21 @@ func (c *CachedData) Clone() cachetypes.Cacheable {
 
 	return clonedCachedData
 }
+
+// Cost approximates the retained bytes of this CachedData for use as the
+// ristretto cache cost. The dominant contributor is the serialized bucket
+// values (json.RawMessage); other fields are fixed-size or small strings.
+func (c *CachedData) Cost() int64 {
+	var size int64
+	for _, b := range c.Buckets {
+		if b == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		// Value is the bulk of the payload
+		size += int64(len(b.Value))
+	}
+	for _, w := range c.Warnings {
+		size += int64(len(w))
+	}
+	return size
+}

tests/fixtures/querier.py

@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ class TraceOperatorQuery:
     return_spans_from: str | None = None
     limit: int | None = None
     order: list[OrderBy] | None = None
+    select_fields: list[TelemetryFieldKey] | None = None
 
     def to_dict(self) -> dict:
         spec: dict[str, Any] = {
@@ -84,6 +85,8 @@ class TraceOperatorQuery:
             spec["limit"] = self.limit
         if self.order:
             spec["order"] = [o.to_dict() if hasattr(o, "to_dict") else o for o in self.order]
+        if self.select_fields:
+            spec["selectFields"] = [f.to_dict() for f in self.select_fields]
         return {"type": "builder_trace_operator", "spec": spec}
 
 
@@ -200,6 +203,8 @@ def build_formula_query(
     *,
     functions: list[dict] | None = None,
     disabled: bool = False,
+    order: list[dict] | None = None,
+    limit: int | None = None,
 ) -> dict:
     spec: dict[str, Any] = {
         "name": name,
@@ -208,6 +213,10 @@ def build_formula_query(
     }
     if functions:
         spec["functions"] = functions
+    if order:
+        spec["order"] = order
+    if limit is not None:
+        spec["limit"] = limit
     return {"type": "builder_formula", "spec": spec}
 
 

tests/integration/tests/querier/01_logs.py

@@ -11,6 +11,11 @@ from fixtures.logs import Logs
 from fixtures.querier import (
     assert_identical_query_response,
     assert_minutely_bucket_values,
+    build_formula_query,
+    build_group_by_field,
+    build_logs_aggregation,
+    build_order_by,
+    build_scalar_query,
     find_named_result,
     index_series_by_label,
     make_query_request,
@@ -2111,3 +2116,180 @@ def test_logs_fill_zero_formula_with_group_by(
             expected_by_ts=expectations[service_name],
             context=f"logs/fillZero/F1/{service_name}",
         )
+
+
+def test_logs_formula_orderby_and_limit(
+    signoz: types.SigNoz,
+    create_user_admin: None,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    get_token: Callable[[str, str], str],
+    insert_logs: Callable[[list[Logs]], None],
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Test that formula results are correctly ordered and limited when
+    order and limit are applied on the formula.
+    """
+    now = datetime.now(tz=UTC).replace(second=0, microsecond=0)
+    logs: list[Logs] = []
+    # For service-i (i in 0..9): insert (10 - i) ERROR logs and 2 INFO logs.
+    # A counts ERROR, B counts INFO, so A/B = (10 - i) / 2.
+    # service-0 ratio = 5.0 (highest), service-9 ratio = 0.5 (lowest).
+    for i in range(10):
+        for j in range(10 - i):
+            logs.append(
+                Logs(
+                    timestamp=now - timedelta(minutes=j + 1),
+                    resources={"service.name": f"service-{i}"},
+                    attributes={"code.file": "test.py"},
+                    body=f"Error log {i}-{j}",
+                    severity_text="ERROR",
+                )
+            )
+        for k in range(2):
+            logs.append(
+                Logs(
+                    timestamp=now - timedelta(minutes=k + 1),
+                    resources={"service.name": f"service-{i}"},
+                    attributes={"code.file": "test.py"},
+                    body=f"Info log {i}-{k}",
+                    severity_text="INFO",
+                )
+            )
+    # Extra INFO-only services that appear in B but not in A. The formula
+    for name in ("service-info-only-1", "service-info-only-2"):
+        for k in range(2):
+            logs.append(
+                Logs(
+                    timestamp=now - timedelta(minutes=k + 1),
+                    resources={"service.name": name},
+                    attributes={"code.file": "test.py"},
+                    body=f"Info log {name}-{k}",
+                    severity_text="INFO",
+                )
+            )
+
+    # Logs look like this (columns = minutes before `now`; query range is
+    # (now - 15m, now], so the `now` column is the exclusive upper bound and
+    # no log lands there). E = ERROR, I = INFO, X = both at that minute.
+    #
+    #              t-10 t-9 t-8 t-7 t-6 t-5 t-4 t-3 t-2 t-1 |now |  A  B  A/B
+    # service-0:    E   E   E   E   E   E   E   E   X   X  |    | 10  2  5.0
+    # service-1:    .   E   E   E   E   E   E   E   X   X  |    |  9  2  4.5
+    # service-2:    .   .   E   E   E   E   E   E   X   X  |    |  8  2  4.0
+    # service-3:    .   .   .   E   E   E   E   E   X   X  |    |  7  2  3.5
+    # service-4:    .   .   .   .   E   E   E   E   X   X  |    |  6  2  3.0
+    # service-5:    .   .   .   .   .   E   E   E   X   X  |    |  5  2  2.5
+    # service-6:    .   .   .   .   .   .   E   E   X   X  |    |  4  2  2.0
+    # service-7:    .   .   .   .   .   .   .   E   X   X  |    |  3  2  1.5
+    # service-8:    .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   X   X  |    |  2  2  1.0
+    # service-9:    .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   I   X  |    |  1  2  0.5
+    # info-only-1:  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   I   I  |    |  0* 2  0.0
+    # info-only-2:  .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   I   I  |    |  0* 2  0.0
+    #
+    # * A is missing for the info-only services; because A is count(), the
+    #   formula evaluator defaults missing A to 0, yielding A/B = 0.
+    insert_logs(logs)
+
+    token = get_token(USER_ADMIN_EMAIL, USER_ADMIN_PASSWORD)
+
+    result = make_query_request(
+        signoz,
+        token,
+        start_ms=int((now - timedelta(minutes=15)).timestamp() * 1000),
+        end_ms=int(now.timestamp() * 1000),
+        request_type="scalar",
+        queries=[
+            build_scalar_query(
+                name="A",
+                signal="logs",
+                aggregations=[build_logs_aggregation("count()")],
+                group_by=[build_group_by_field("service.name")],
+                filter_expression="severity_text = 'ERROR'",
+                disabled=True,
+            ),
+            build_scalar_query(
+                name="B",
+                signal="logs",
+                aggregations=[build_logs_aggregation("count()")],
+                group_by=[build_group_by_field("service.name")],
+                filter_expression="severity_text = 'INFO'",
+                disabled=True,
+            ),
+            build_formula_query(
+                "F1",
+                "A / B",
+                order=[build_order_by("__result", "desc")],
+                limit=3,
+            ),
+            build_formula_query(
+                "F2",
+                "A / B",
+                order=[build_order_by("__result", "desc")],
+            ),
+            build_formula_query(
+                "F3",
+                "A / B",
+                order=[build_order_by("__result", "asc")],
+                limit=3,
+            ),
+            build_formula_query(
+                "F4",
+                "A / B",
+                order=[build_order_by("__result", "asc")],
+            ),
+        ],
+    )
+    assert result.status_code == HTTPStatus.OK
+    assert result.json()["status"] == "success"
+
+    results = result.json()["data"]["data"]["results"]
+
+    def extract_services_and_values(query_name: str) -> tuple[list, list]:
+        res = find_named_result(results, query_name)
+        assert res is not None, f"Expected formula result named {query_name}"
+        cols = res["columns"]
+        s_col = next(i for i, c in enumerate(cols) if c["name"] == "service.name")
+        v_col = next(i for i, c in enumerate(cols) if c["name"] == "__result")
+        rows = res["data"]
+        return [row[s_col] for row in rows], [row[v_col] for row in rows]
+
+    # Because A is count(), canDefaultZero["A"] is true; the formula evaluator
+    # defaults A to 0 for services that exist only in B. So the two INFO-only
+    # services appear in the formula result with value 0.0 (extreme bottom in
+    # desc order, extreme top in asc order). Their relative ordering is not
+    # deterministic across separate formula evaluations (tied values).
+    info_only_services = {"service-info-only-1", "service-info-only-2"}
+
+    # F2: desc, no limit -> 12 rows in descending order by value.
+    f2_services, f2_values = extract_services_and_values("F2")
+    assert len(f2_services) == 12, f"F2: expected 12 rows with no limit, got {len(f2_services)}"
+    assert f2_values == [5.0, 4.5, 4.0, 3.5, 3.0, 2.5, 2.0, 1.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.0, 0.0], f2_values
+    # Top 10 have distinct positive values -> deterministic service ordering.
+    assert f2_services[:10] == [f"service-{i}" for i in range(10)], f2_services[:10]
+    # Tail 2 are the INFO-only services tied at 0.0 (order between them not guaranteed).
+    assert set(f2_services[10:]) == info_only_services, f2_services[10:]
+
+    # F1: desc + limit 3 -> must be exactly the first 3 rows of F2.
+    # Top 3 are not in the tie region, so prefix equality is safe.
+    f1_services, f1_values = extract_services_and_values("F1")
+    assert len(f1_services) == 3, f"F1: expected 3 rows after limit, got {len(f1_services)}"
+    assert f1_services == f2_services[:3], f"F1 services {f1_services} are not the prefix of F2 services {f2_services}"
+    assert f1_values == f2_values[:3], f"F1 values {f1_values} are not the prefix of F2 values {f2_values}"
+
+    # F4: asc, no limit -> 12 rows in ascending order by value.
+    f4_services, f4_values = extract_services_and_values("F4")
+    assert len(f4_services) == 12, f"F4: expected 12 rows with no limit, got {len(f4_services)}"
+    assert f4_values == sorted(f4_values), f"F4 not ascending: {f4_values}"
+    # First 2 are the INFO-only services tied at 0.0 (order between them not guaranteed).
+    assert set(f4_services[:2]) == info_only_services, f4_services[:2]
+    assert f4_values[:2] == [0.0, 0.0], f4_values[:2]
+    # Tail 10 are service-9 down to service-0 by value.
+    assert f4_services[2:] == [f"service-{i}" for i in reversed(range(10))], f4_services[2:]
+    assert f4_values[2:] == [(10 - i) / 2 for i in reversed(range(10))], f4_values[2:]
+
+    # F3: asc + limit 3 -> values must match F4[:3] exactly; service set must
+    # match too. Direct prefix equality on services would be flaky because the
+    # two tied INFO-only entries can swap order between formula evaluations.
+    f3_services, f3_values = extract_services_and_values("F3")
+    assert len(f3_services) == 3, f"F3: expected 3 rows after limit, got {len(f3_services)}"
+    assert f3_values == f4_values[:3], f"F3 values {f3_values} do not match F4[:3] values {f4_values[:3]}"
+    assert set(f3_services) == set(f4_services[:3]), f"F3 services {f3_services} do not match F4[:3] services {f4_services[:3]}"

tests/integration/tests/querier/15_trace_operator.py

@@ -0,0 +1,483 @@
+"""
+Integration tests for TraceOperatorQuery (builder_trace_operator) through the
+/api/v5/query_range endpoint.
+
+Covers:
+1. Basic trace operator (A => B) — returns matched spans from the correct trace.
+2. Order by a field absent from selectFields — must not return a server error.
+   Guards against the ClickHouse NOT_FOUND_COLUMN_IN_BLOCK regression where
+   ordering by a column absent from an outer SELECT caused a query failure.
+3. Expression operators (=>, ->, &&, ||, A NOT B) with and without returnSpansFrom.
+"""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
+from http import HTTPStatus
+
+import pytest
+
+from fixtures import types
+from fixtures.auth import USER_ADMIN_EMAIL, USER_ADMIN_PASSWORD
+from fixtures.querier import (
+    OrderBy,
+    TelemetryFieldKey,
+    TraceOperatorQuery,
+    make_query_request,
+)
+from fixtures.traces import TraceIdGenerator, Traces, TracesKind, TracesStatusCode
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Shared helpers
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+@dataclass
+class _SpanDef:
+    """Span spec relative to 'now'. parent_idx=-1 for root spans."""
+
+    name: str
+    service: str
+    op_type: str
+    duration_s: int
+    time_offset_s: int
+    parent_idx: int = -1
+    extra_attrs: dict = field(default_factory=dict)
+
+
+def _build_trace(now: datetime, trace_id: str, spans: list[_SpanDef]) -> list[Traces]:
+    span_ids = [TraceIdGenerator.span_id() for _ in spans]
+    result = []
+    for defn, span_id in zip(spans, span_ids):
+        parent_id = "" if defn.parent_idx < 0 else span_ids[defn.parent_idx]
+        kind = TracesKind.SPAN_KIND_SERVER if defn.parent_idx < 0 else TracesKind.SPAN_KIND_INTERNAL
+        result.append(
+            Traces(
+                timestamp=now - timedelta(seconds=defn.time_offset_s),
+                duration=timedelta(seconds=defn.duration_s),
+                trace_id=trace_id,
+                span_id=span_id,
+                parent_span_id=parent_id,
+                name=defn.name,
+                kind=kind,
+                status_code=TracesStatusCode.STATUS_CODE_OK,
+                status_message="",
+                resources={"service.name": defn.service},
+                attributes={"operation.type": defn.op_type, **defn.extra_attrs},
+            )
+        )
+    return result
+
+
+def _builder_query(name: str, filter_expr: str, limit: int = 100) -> dict:
+    return {
+        "type": "builder_query",
+        "spec": {
+            "name": name,
+            "signal": "traces",
+            "filter": {"expression": filter_expr},
+            "limit": limit,
+        },
+    }
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Order-by variants
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Each case uses a unique op_type prefix so spans inserted by earlier
+# parametrize runs (shared DB session) are never picked up by later ones.
+
+
+@dataclass
+class _OrderByCase:
+    id: str
+    trace1_spans: list[_SpanDef]
+    trace2_spans: list[_SpanDef]
+    filter_a: str
+    filter_b: str
+    expression: str
+    select_fields: list[TelemetryFieldKey] | None
+    order: list[OrderBy]
+    expected_rows: list[dict]  # ordered; each dict is a partial match against row data
+
+
+_ORDER_BY_CASES: list[_OrderByCase] = [
+    # Order by attribute absent from selectFields — NOT_FOUND_COLUMN_IN_BLOCK regression guard.
+    _OrderByCase(
+        id="field_not_in_select",
+        trace1_spans=[
+            _SpanDef("fnis-gp", "svc-a", "fnis-grandparent", 5, 10, extra_attrs={"http.method": "POST"}),
+            _SpanDef("fnis-mid", "svc-a", "fnis-middle", 3, 9, parent_idx=0),
+            _SpanDef("fnis-gc", "svc-a", "fnis-grandchild", 1, 8, parent_idx=1),
+        ],
+        trace2_spans=[
+            _SpanDef("fnis-gp", "svc-b", "fnis-grandparent", 5, 7, extra_attrs={"http.method": "GET"}),
+            _SpanDef("fnis-mid", "svc-b", "fnis-middle", 3, 6, parent_idx=0),
+            _SpanDef("fnis-gc", "svc-b", "fnis-grandchild", 1, 5, parent_idx=1),
+        ],
+        filter_a="operation.type = 'fnis-grandparent'",
+        filter_b="operation.type = 'fnis-grandchild'",
+        expression="A -> B",
+        select_fields=[TelemetryFieldKey(name="service.name", field_data_type="string", field_context="resource")],
+        order=[
+            OrderBy(
+                key=TelemetryFieldKey(name="http.method", field_data_type="string", field_context="attribute"),
+                direction="desc",
+            )
+        ],
+        # POST > GET in DESC → svc-a first
+        expected_rows=[{"service.name": "svc-a"}, {"service.name": "svc-b"}],
+    ),
+    # Order by a core span field (duration_nano) with no explicit selectFields.
+    _OrderByCase(
+        id="core_span_field",
+        trace1_spans=[
+            _SpanDef("csf-parent-long", "svc-long", "csf-parent", 5, 10),
+            _SpanDef("csf-child-long", "svc-long", "csf-child", 1, 9, parent_idx=0),
+        ],
+        trace2_spans=[
+            _SpanDef("csf-parent-short", "svc-short", "csf-parent", 1, 8),
+            _SpanDef("csf-child-short", "svc-short", "csf-child", 1, 7, parent_idx=0),
+        ],
+        filter_a="operation.type = 'csf-parent'",
+        filter_b="operation.type = 'csf-child'",
+        expression="A => B",
+        select_fields=None,
+        order=[OrderBy(key=TelemetryFieldKey(name="duration_nano", field_context="span"), direction="desc")],
+        # 5 s parent first, 1 s parent second
+        expected_rows=[{"name": "csf-parent-long"}, {"name": "csf-parent-short"}],
+    ),
+    # Order by a non-core attribute that IS in selectFields — checks ordering and field presence.
+    _OrderByCase(
+        id="non_core_field_in_select",
+        trace1_spans=[
+            _SpanDef("ncis-parent-post", "svc-post", "ncis-parent", 3, 10, extra_attrs={"http.method": "POST"}),
+            _SpanDef("ncis-child-post", "svc-post", "ncis-child", 1, 9, parent_idx=0),
+        ],
+        trace2_spans=[
+            _SpanDef("ncis-parent-get", "svc-get", "ncis-parent", 3, 8, extra_attrs={"http.method": "GET"}),
+            _SpanDef("ncis-child-get", "svc-get", "ncis-child", 1, 7, parent_idx=0),
+        ],
+        filter_a="operation.type = 'ncis-parent'",
+        filter_b="operation.type = 'ncis-child'",
+        expression="A => B",
+        select_fields=[TelemetryFieldKey(name="http.method", field_data_type="string", field_context="attribute")],
+        order=[
+            OrderBy(
+                key=TelemetryFieldKey(name="http.method", field_data_type="string", field_context="attribute"),
+                direction="desc",
+            )
+        ],
+        # POST > GET in DESC; http.method must appear in both rows (it is in selectFields)
+        expected_rows=[{"http.method": "POST"}, {"http.method": "GET"}],
+    ),
+]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("case", [pytest.param(c, id=c.id) for c in _ORDER_BY_CASES])
+def test_trace_operator_query_order_by(
+    signoz: types.SigNoz,
+    create_user_admin: None,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    get_token: Callable[[str, str], str],
+    insert_traces: Callable[[list[Traces]], None],
+    case: _OrderByCase,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Verifies that trace operator queries honour the order-by clause.
+
+    Cases:
+    - field_not_in_select: order by attribute absent from selectFields
+      (NOT_FOUND_COLUMN_IN_BLOCK regression guard).
+    - core_span_field: order by duration_nano with no explicit selectFields.
+    - non_core_field_in_select: order by attribute present in selectFields.
+    """
+    now = datetime.now(tz=UTC).replace(second=0, microsecond=0)
+    trace_id_1 = TraceIdGenerator.trace_id()
+    trace_id_2 = TraceIdGenerator.trace_id()
+
+    insert_traces(_build_trace(now, trace_id_1, case.trace1_spans) + _build_trace(now, trace_id_2, case.trace2_spans) + _build_trace(now, TraceIdGenerator.trace_id(), [_SpanDef("noise-span", "svc-noise", "noise-op", 1, 2)]))
+
+    token = get_token(USER_ADMIN_EMAIL, USER_ADMIN_PASSWORD)
+    start_ms = int((now - timedelta(minutes=5)).timestamp() * 1000)
+    end_ms = int(now.timestamp() * 1000)
+
+    response = make_query_request(
+        signoz,
+        token,
+        start_ms=start_ms,
+        end_ms=end_ms,
+        request_type="raw",
+        queries=[
+            _builder_query("A", case.filter_a),
+            _builder_query("B", case.filter_b),
+            TraceOperatorQuery(
+                name="C",
+                expression=case.expression,
+                return_spans_from="A",
+                limit=100,
+                select_fields=case.select_fields,
+                order=case.order,
+            ).to_dict(),
+        ],
+    )
+
+    assert response.status_code == HTTPStatus.OK, response.text
+    assert response.json()["status"] == "success"
+
+    results = response.json()["data"]["data"]["results"]
+    assert len(results) == 1
+    rows = results[0].get("rows") or []
+    assert len(rows) == len(case.expected_rows)
+
+    for i, (row, expected) in enumerate(zip(rows, case.expected_rows)):
+        for key, value in expected.items():
+            assert row["data"].get(key) == value, f"[{case.id}] row {i}: expected {key}={value!r}, got {row['data'].get(key)!r}"
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Operator × returnSpansFrom matrix
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Each case uses a unique op_type prefix so DB rows from earlier parametrize
+# runs never contaminate later ones (the session-level ClickHouse is shared).
+#
+# Operators tested: => -> && || (A NOT B)
+# For each operator two cases:
+#   "default"  — returnSpansFrom="" → result comes from the expression's root CTE
+#   "return_A" — returnSpansFrom="A" → result comes from the A sub-query CTE
+#
+# Root-CTE semantics:
+#   =>        A spans that have a DIRECT child matching B
+#   ->        A spans that are ancestors of any B span
+#   &&        A spans from traces that also contain a B span
+#   ||        UNION of A spans and B spans
+#   A NOT B   A spans from traces that contain no B span
+
+
+@dataclass
+class _ExprCase:
+    id: str
+    traces: list[list[_SpanDef]]  # one inner list per trace
+    filter_a: str
+    filter_b: str
+    expression: str
+    return_spans_from: str  # "" → use expression root CTE
+    expected_names: set[str]  # span.name values that must appear (exact set)
+
+
+_EXPR_CASES: list[_ExprCase] = [
+    # ── A => B (direct child) ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    # "default": root CTE = A spans that have a direct B child
+    _ExprCase(
+        id="direct_child_default",
+        traces=[
+            [
+                _SpanDef("dcd-root", "svc-dcd-a", "dcd-root", 5, 10),
+                _SpanDef("dcd-leaf", "svc-dcd-a", "dcd-leaf", 2, 9, parent_idx=0),
+            ],
+            [_SpanDef("dcd-root-only", "svc-dcd-b", "dcd-root", 2, 7)],  # A but no B child
+        ],
+        filter_a="operation.type = 'dcd-root'",
+        filter_b="operation.type = 'dcd-leaf'",
+        expression="A => B",
+        return_spans_from="",
+        expected_names={"dcd-root"},  # only the root that HAS a direct child
+    ),
+    # "return_A": returns ALL A spans, bypassing the expression filter
+    _ExprCase(
+        id="direct_child_return_A",
+        traces=[
+            [
+                _SpanDef("dca-root", "svc-dca-a", "dca-root", 5, 10),
+                _SpanDef("dca-leaf", "svc-dca-a", "dca-leaf", 2, 9, parent_idx=0),
+            ],
+            [_SpanDef("dca-root-only", "svc-dca-b", "dca-root", 2, 7)],
+        ],
+        filter_a="operation.type = 'dca-root'",
+        filter_b="operation.type = 'dca-leaf'",
+        expression="A => B",
+        return_spans_from="A",
+        expected_names={"dca-root", "dca-root-only"},
+    ),
+    # ── A -> B (indirect descendant) ─────────────────────────────────────────
+    _ExprCase(
+        id="indirect_descendant_default",
+        traces=[
+            [
+                _SpanDef("idd-gp", "svc-idd-a", "idd-gp", 5, 10),
+                _SpanDef("idd-mid", "svc-idd-a", "idd-mid", 3, 9, parent_idx=0),
+                _SpanDef("idd-gc", "svc-idd-a", "idd-gc", 1, 8, parent_idx=1),
+            ],
+            [_SpanDef("idd-gp-only", "svc-idd-b", "idd-gp", 2, 7)],  # A but no B descendant
+        ],
+        filter_a="operation.type = 'idd-gp'",
+        filter_b="operation.type = 'idd-gc'",
+        expression="A -> B",
+        return_spans_from="",
+        expected_names={"idd-gp"},
+    ),
+    _ExprCase(
+        id="indirect_descendant_return_A",
+        traces=[
+            [
+                _SpanDef("ida-gp", "svc-ida-a", "ida-gp", 5, 10),
+                _SpanDef("ida-mid", "svc-ida-a", "ida-mid", 3, 9, parent_idx=0),
+                _SpanDef("ida-gc", "svc-ida-a", "ida-gc", 1, 8, parent_idx=1),
+            ],
+            [_SpanDef("ida-gp-only", "svc-ida-b", "ida-gp", 2, 7)],
+        ],
+        filter_a="operation.type = 'ida-gp'",
+        filter_b="operation.type = 'ida-gc'",
+        expression="A -> B",
+        return_spans_from="A",
+        expected_names={"ida-gp", "ida-gp-only"},
+    ),
+    # ── A && B ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    _ExprCase(
+        id="and_default",
+        traces=[
+            [
+                _SpanDef("and-root", "svc-and-a", "and-root", 5, 10),
+                _SpanDef("and-leaf", "svc-and-a", "and-leaf", 2, 9, parent_idx=0),
+            ],
+            [_SpanDef("and-root-only", "svc-and-b", "and-root", 2, 7)],  # A but no B in trace
+        ],
+        filter_a="operation.type = 'and-root'",
+        filter_b="operation.type = 'and-leaf'",
+        expression="A && B",
+        return_spans_from="",
+        expected_names={"and-root"},  # A from traces that also contain B
+    ),
+    _ExprCase(
+        id="and_return_A",
+        traces=[
+            [
+                _SpanDef("ana-root", "svc-ana-a", "ana-root", 5, 10),
+                _SpanDef("ana-leaf", "svc-ana-a", "ana-leaf", 2, 9, parent_idx=0),
+            ],
+            [_SpanDef("ana-root-only", "svc-ana-b", "ana-root", 2, 7)],
+        ],
+        filter_a="operation.type = 'ana-root'",
+        filter_b="operation.type = 'ana-leaf'",
+        expression="A && B",
+        return_spans_from="A",
+        expected_names={"ana-root", "ana-root-only"},
+    ),
+    # ── A || B ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    _ExprCase(
+        id="or_default",
+        traces=[
+            [_SpanDef("ord-a-span", "svc-ord-a", "ord-a", 5, 10)],
+            [_SpanDef("ord-b-span", "svc-ord-b", "ord-b", 2, 7)],
+        ],
+        filter_a="operation.type = 'ord-a'",
+        filter_b="operation.type = 'ord-b'",
+        expression="A || B",
+        return_spans_from="",
+        expected_names={"ord-a-span", "ord-b-span"},  # UNION of both A and B
+    ),
+    _ExprCase(
+        id="or_return_A",
+        traces=[
+            [_SpanDef("ora-a-span", "svc-ora-a", "ora-a", 5, 10)],
+            [_SpanDef("ora-b-span", "svc-ora-b", "ora-b", 2, 7)],
+        ],
+        filter_a="operation.type = 'ora-a'",
+        filter_b="operation.type = 'ora-b'",
+        expression="A || B",
+        return_spans_from="A",
+        expected_names={"ora-a-span"},
+    ),
+    # ── A NOT B (binary not) ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    # Unary NOT A is skipped: its root CTE reads from all_spans (unbounded by
+    # filter), making row counts non-deterministic across a shared test session.
+    _ExprCase(
+        id="not_binary_default",
+        traces=[
+            [
+                _SpanDef("nbd-root-with-child", "svc-nbd-a", "nbd-root", 5, 10),
+                _SpanDef("nbd-child", "svc-nbd-a", "nbd-child", 2, 9, parent_idx=0),
+            ],
+            [_SpanDef("nbd-root-no-child", "svc-nbd-b", "nbd-root", 2, 7)],  # A, no B
+        ],
+        filter_a="operation.type = 'nbd-root'",
+        filter_b="operation.type = 'nbd-child'",
+        expression="A NOT B",
+        return_spans_from="",
+        expected_names={"nbd-root-no-child"},  # A from traces that have no B
+    ),
+    _ExprCase(
+        id="not_binary_return_A",
+        traces=[
+            [
+                _SpanDef("nba-root-with-child", "svc-nba-a", "nba-root", 5, 10),
+                _SpanDef("nba-child", "svc-nba-a", "nba-child", 2, 9, parent_idx=0),
+            ],
+            [_SpanDef("nba-root-no-child", "svc-nba-b", "nba-root", 2, 7)],
+        ],
+        filter_a="operation.type = 'nba-root'",
+        filter_b="operation.type = 'nba-child'",
+        expression="A NOT B",
+        return_spans_from="A",
+        expected_names={"nba-root-with-child", "nba-root-no-child"},  # ALL A spans
+    ),
+]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("case", [pytest.param(c, id=c.id) for c in _EXPR_CASES])
+def test_trace_operator_expressions(
+    signoz: types.SigNoz,
+    create_user_admin: None,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    get_token: Callable[[str, str], str],
+    insert_traces: Callable[[list[Traces]], None],
+    case: _ExprCase,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Matrix of expression operators × returnSpansFrom settings.
+
+    For each operator (=>, ->, &&, ||, A NOT B) two cases verify:
+    - default (returnSpansFrom=""): result comes from the expression's root CTE,
+      so only spans satisfying the full structural predicate are returned.
+    - return_A (returnSpansFrom="A"): result comes from the raw A sub-query CTE,
+      bypassing the structural filter, returning ALL spans matching filter A.
+    """
+    now = datetime.now(tz=UTC).replace(second=0, microsecond=0)
+
+    all_spans: list[Traces] = []
+    for span_defs in case.traces:
+        all_spans.extend(_build_trace(now, TraceIdGenerator.trace_id(), span_defs))
+    # Noise: op_type "noise-op" matches no filter in any case; surfacing it would
+    # mean a filter regression, which the set-equality assertion below would catch.
+    all_spans.extend(_build_trace(now, TraceIdGenerator.trace_id(), [_SpanDef("noise-span", "svc-noise", "noise-op", 1, 2)]))
+    insert_traces(all_spans)
+
+    token = get_token(USER_ADMIN_EMAIL, USER_ADMIN_PASSWORD)
+    start_ms = int((now - timedelta(minutes=5)).timestamp() * 1000)
+    end_ms = int(now.timestamp() * 1000)
+
+    response = make_query_request(
+        signoz,
+        token,
+        start_ms=start_ms,
+        end_ms=end_ms,
+        request_type="raw",
+        queries=[
+            _builder_query("A", case.filter_a),
+            _builder_query("B", case.filter_b),
+            TraceOperatorQuery(
+                name="C",
+                expression=case.expression,
+                return_spans_from=case.return_spans_from,
+                limit=100,
+            ).to_dict(),
+        ],
+    )
+
+    assert response.status_code == HTTPStatus.OK, response.text
+    assert response.json()["status"] == "success"
+
+    results = response.json()["data"]["data"]["results"]
+    assert len(results) == 1
+    rows = results[0].get("rows") or []
+
+    actual_names = {row["data"]["name"] for row in rows}
+    assert actual_names == case.expected_names, f"[{case.id}] expected spans {case.expected_names}, got {actual_names}"