chore: hide chartmanager when queries are merged (#10332)

* chore: hide chartmanager when queries are merged

* chore: added histogram panel tests

README.de-de.md

@@ -176,25 +176,6 @@ Wir haben Benchmarks veröffentlicht, die Loki mit SigNoz vergleichen. Schauen S
 Wir ❤️ Beiträge zum Projekt, egal ob große oder kleine. Bitte lies dir zuerst die [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md), durch, bevor du anfängst, Beiträge zu SigNoz zu machen.
 Du bist dir nicht sicher, wie du anfangen sollst? Schreib uns einfach auf dem #contributing Kanal in unserer [slack community](https://signoz.io/slack)
 
-### Unsere Projektbetreuer
-
-#### Backend
-
-- [Ankit Nayan](https://github.com/ankitnayan)
-- [Nityananda Gohain](https://github.com/nityanandagohain)
-- [Srikanth Chekuri](https://github.com/srikanthccv)
-- [Vishal Sharma](https://github.com/makeavish)
-
-#### Frontend
-
-- [Palash Gupta](https://github.com/palashgdev)
-- [Yunus M](https://github.com/YounixM)
-- [Rajat Dabade](https://github.com/Rajat-Dabade)
-
-#### DevOps
-
-- [Prashant Shahi](https://github.com/prashant-shahi)
-
 <br /><br />
 
 ## Dokumentation

README.md

@@ -221,34 +221,6 @@ We ❤️ contributions big or small. Please read [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING
 
 Not sure how to get started? Just ping us on `#contributing` in our [slack community](https://signoz.io/slack)
 
-### Project maintainers
-
-#### Backend
-
-- [Ankit Nayan](https://github.com/ankitnayan)
-- [Nityananda Gohain](https://github.com/nityanandagohain)
-- [Srikanth Chekuri](https://github.com/srikanthccv)
-- [Vishal Sharma](https://github.com/makeavish)
-- [Shivanshu Raj Shrivastava](https://github.com/shivanshuraj1333)
-- [Ekansh Gupta](https://github.com/eKuG)
-- [Aniket Agarwal](https://github.com/aniketio-ctrl)
-
-#### Frontend
-
-- [Yunus M](https://github.com/YounixM)
-- [Vikrant Gupta](https://github.com/vikrantgupta25)
-- [Sagar Rajput](https://github.com/SagarRajput-7)
-- [Shaheer Kochai](https://github.com/ahmadshaheer)
-- [Amlan Kumar Nandy](https://github.com/amlannandy)
-- [Sahil Khan](https://github.com/sawhil)
-- [Aditya Singh](https://github.com/aks07)
-- [Abhi Kumar](https://github.com/ahrefabhi)
-
-#### DevOps
-
-- [Prashant Shahi](https://github.com/prashant-shahi)
-- [Vibhu Pandey](https://github.com/therealpandey)
-
 <br /><br />
 
 

README.zh-cn.md

@@ -187,25 +187,6 @@ Jaeger 仅仅是一个分布式追踪系统。 但是 SigNoz 可以提供 metric
 
 如果你不知道如何开始？ 只需要在 [slack 社区](https://signoz.io/slack) 通过 `#contributing` 频道联系我们。
 
-### 项目维护人员
-
-#### 后端
-
-- [Ankit Nayan](https://github.com/ankitnayan)
-- [Nityananda Gohain](https://github.com/nityanandagohain)
-- [Srikanth Chekuri](https://github.com/srikanthccv)
-- [Vishal Sharma](https://github.com/makeavish)
-
-#### 前端
-
-- [Palash Gupta](https://github.com/palashgdev)
-- [Yunus M](https://github.com/YounixM)
-- [Rajat Dabade](https://github.com/Rajat-Dabade)
-
-#### 运维开发
-
-- [Prashant Shahi](https://github.com/prashant-shahi)
-
 <br /><br />
 
 ## 文档

conf/example.yaml

@@ -294,7 +294,6 @@ flagger:
   config:
     boolean:
       use_span_metrics: true
-      interpolation_enabled: false
       kafka_span_eval: false
     string:
     float:
@@ -309,3 +308,14 @@ user:
       allow_self: true
       # The duration within which a user can reset their password.
       max_token_lifetime: 6h
+  root:
+    # Whether to enable the root user. When enabled, a root user is provisioned
+    # on startup using the email and password below. The root user cannot be
+    # deleted, updated, or have their password changed through the UI.
+    enabled: false
+    # The email address of the root user.
+    email: ""
+    # The password of the root user. Must meet password requirements.
+    password: ""
+    # The name of the organization to create or look up for the root user.
+    org_name: default

docs/api/openapi.yml

@@ -4678,6 +4678,8 @@ components:
           type: string
         id:
           type: string
+        isRoot:
+          type: boolean
         orgId:
           type: string
         role:

ee/query-service/app/api/api.go

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ type APIHandler struct {
 }
 
 // NewAPIHandler returns an APIHandler
-func NewAPIHandler(opts APIHandlerOptions, signoz *signoz.SigNoz) (*APIHandler, error) {
+func NewAPIHandler(opts APIHandlerOptions, signoz *signoz.SigNoz, config signoz.Config) (*APIHandler, error) {
 	baseHandler, err := baseapp.NewAPIHandler(baseapp.APIHandlerOpts{
 		Reader:                        opts.DataConnector,
 		RuleManager:                   opts.RulesManager,
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ func NewAPIHandler(opts APIHandlerOptions, signoz *signoz.SigNoz) (*APIHandler,
 		Signoz:                        signoz,
 		QuerierAPI:                    querierAPI.NewAPI(signoz.Instrumentation.ToProviderSettings(), signoz.Querier, signoz.Analytics),
 		QueryParserAPI:                queryparser.NewAPI(signoz.Instrumentation.ToProviderSettings(), signoz.QueryParser),
-	})
+	}, config)
 
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err

ee/query-service/app/server.go

@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ func NewServer(config signoz.Config, signoz *signoz.SigNoz) (*Server, error) {
 		GlobalConfig:                  config.Global,
 	}
 
-	apiHandler, err := api.NewAPIHandler(apiOpts, signoz)
+	apiHandler, err := api.NewAPIHandler(apiOpts, signoz, config)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}

frontend/src/api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas.ts

@@ -1542,6 +1542,10 @@ export interface TypesUserDTO {
 	 * @type string
 	 */
 	id?: string;
+	/**
+	 * @type boolean
+	 */
+	isRoot?: boolean;
 	/**
 	 * @type string
 	 */

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/DashboardDescription/Description.styles.scss

@@ -9,74 +9,6 @@
 		padding: 0px;
 	}
 
-	.dashboard-header {
-		border-bottom: 1px solid var(--bg-slate-400);
-		display: flex;
-		justify-content: space-between;
-		gap: 16px;
-		align-items: center;
-		padding: 0 8px;
-		box-sizing: border-box;
-
-		.dashboard-breadcrumbs {
-			width: 100%;
-			height: 48px;
-			display: flex;
-			gap: 6px;
-			align-items: center;
-			max-width: 80%;
-
-			.dashboard-btn {
-				display: flex;
-				align-items: center;
-				color: var(--bg-vanilla-400);
-				font-family: Inter;
-				font-size: 14px;
-				font-style: normal;
-				font-weight: 400;
-				line-height: 20px; /* 142.857% */
-				letter-spacing: -0.07px;
-				padding: 0px;
-				height: 20px;
-			}
-
-			.dashboard-btn:hover {
-				background-color: unset;
-			}
-
-			.id-btn {
-				display: flex;
-				align-items: center;
-				padding: 0px 2px;
-				border-radius: 2px;
-				background: rgba(113, 144, 249, 0.1);
-				color: var(--bg-robin-400);
-				font-family: Inter;
-				font-size: 14px;
-				font-style: normal;
-				font-weight: 400;
-				line-height: 20px; /* 142.857% */
-				height: 20px;
-
-				max-width: calc(100% - 120px);
-
-				span {
-					white-space: nowrap;
-					overflow: hidden;
-					text-overflow: ellipsis;
-				}
-
-				.ant-btn-icon {
-					margin-inline-end: 4px;
-				}
-			}
-			.id-btn:hover {
-				background: rgba(113, 144, 249, 0.1);
-				color: var(--bg-robin-300);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
 	.dashboard-details {
 		display: flex;
 		justify-content: space-between;
@@ -535,15 +467,6 @@
 	.dashboard-description-container {
 		color: var(--bg-ink-400);
 
-		.dashboard-header {
-			border-bottom: 1px solid var(--bg-vanilla-300);
-			.dashboard-breadcrumbs {
-				.dashboard-btn {
-					color: var(--bg-ink-400);
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
 		.dashboard-details {
 			.left-section {
 				.dashboard-title {

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/DashboardDescription/index.tsx

@@ -16,9 +16,7 @@ import {
 } from 'antd';
 import logEvent from 'api/common/logEvent';
 import ConfigureIcon from 'assets/Integrations/ConfigureIcon';
-import HeaderRightSection from 'components/HeaderRightSection/HeaderRightSection';
 import { PANEL_GROUP_TYPES, PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
-import ROUTES from 'constants/routes';
 import { DeleteButton } from 'container/ListOfDashboard/TableComponents/DeleteButton';
 import DateTimeSelectionV2 from 'container/TopNav/DateTimeSelectionV2';
 import { useDashboardVariables } from 'hooks/dashboard/useDashboardVariables';
@@ -27,7 +25,6 @@ import { useUpdateDashboard } from 'hooks/dashboard/useUpdateDashboard';
 import useComponentPermission from 'hooks/useComponentPermission';
 import { useGetTenantLicense } from 'hooks/useGetTenantLicense';
 import { useNotifications } from 'hooks/useNotifications';
-import { useSafeNavigate } from 'hooks/useSafeNavigate';
 import { isEmpty } from 'lodash-es';
 import {
 	Check,
@@ -37,7 +34,6 @@ import {
 	FolderKanban,
 	Fullscreen,
 	Globe,
-	LayoutGrid,
 	LockKeyhole,
 	PenLine,
 	X,
@@ -51,6 +47,7 @@ import { ROLES, USER_ROLES } from 'types/roles';
 import { ComponentTypes } from 'utils/permission';
 import { v4 as uuid } from 'uuid';
 
+import DashboardHeader from '../components/DashboardHeader/DashboardHeader';
 import DashboardGraphSlider from '../ComponentsSlider';
 import DashboardSettings from '../DashboardSettings';
 import { Base64Icons } from '../DashboardSettings/General/utils';
@@ -71,7 +68,6 @@ interface DashboardDescriptionProps {
 
 // eslint-disable-next-line sonarjs/cognitive-complexity
 function DashboardDescription(props: DashboardDescriptionProps): JSX.Element {
-	const { safeNavigate } = useSafeNavigate();
 	const { handle } = props;
 	const {
 		selectedDashboard,
@@ -80,7 +76,6 @@ function DashboardDescription(props: DashboardDescriptionProps): JSX.Element {
 		layouts,
 		setLayouts,
 		isDashboardLocked,
-		listSortOrder,
 		setSelectedDashboard,
 		handleToggleDashboardSlider,
 		setSelectedRowWidgetId,
@@ -292,17 +287,6 @@ function DashboardDescription(props: DashboardDescriptionProps): JSX.Element {
 		});
 	}
 
-	function goToListPage(): void {
-		const urlParams = new URLSearchParams();
-		urlParams.set('columnKey', listSortOrder.columnKey as string);
-		urlParams.set('order', listSortOrder.order as string);
-		urlParams.set('page', listSortOrder.pagination as string);
-		urlParams.set('search', listSortOrder.search as string);
-
-		const generatedUrl = `${ROUTES.ALL_DASHBOARD}?${urlParams.toString()}`;
-		safeNavigate(generatedUrl);
-	}
-
 	const {
 		data: publicDashboardResponse,
 		isLoading: isLoadingPublicDashboardData,
@@ -351,32 +335,7 @@ function DashboardDescription(props: DashboardDescriptionProps): JSX.Element {
 
 	return (
 		<Card className="dashboard-description-container">
-			<div className="dashboard-header">
-				<section className="dashboard-breadcrumbs">
-					<Button
-						type="text"
-						icon={<LayoutGrid size={14} />}
-						className="dashboard-btn"
-						onClick={(): void => goToListPage()}
-					>
-						Dashboard /
-					</Button>
-					<Button type="text" className="id-btn dashboard-name-btn">
-						<img
-							src={image}
-							alt="dashboard-icon"
-							style={{ height: '14px', width: '14px' }}
-						/>
-						{title}
-					</Button>
-				</section>
-
-				<HeaderRightSection
-					enableAnnouncements={false}
-					enableShare
-					enableFeedback
-				/>
-			</div>
+			<DashboardHeader />
 			<section className="dashboard-details">
 				<div className="left-section">
 					<img src={image} alt="dashboard-img" className="dashboard-img" />

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/DashboardSettings/General/GeneralSettings.styles.scss

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 .overview-content {
 	display: flex;
 	flex-direction: column;
-	gap: 16px;
 
 	.overview-settings {
 		border-radius: 3px;
@@ -56,35 +55,6 @@
 			border: 1px solid var(--bg-slate-400);
 			background: var(--bg-ink-300);
 		}
-
-		.cross-panel-sync-section {
-			display: flex;
-			align-items: flex-start;
-			justify-content: space-between;
-			gap: 16px;
-			flex-wrap: wrap;
-
-			.cross-panel-sync-info {
-				display: flex;
-				flex-direction: column;
-				flex: 1;
-				min-width: 200px;
-
-				.cross-panel-sync-title {
-					color: var(--bg-vanilla-400);
-					font-size: 14px;
-				}
-
-				.cross-panel-sync-description {
-					color: var(--bg-vanilla-400);
-					font-size: 12px;
-				}
-			}
-
-			.ant-radio-group {
-				flex-shrink: 0;
-			}
-		}
 	}
 
 	.overview-settings-footer {
@@ -198,15 +168,6 @@
 				border: 1px solid var(--bg-vanilla-300);
 				background: var(--bg-vanilla-300);
 			}
-
-			.cross-panel-sync-section {
-				.cross-panel-sync-title {
-					color: var(--bg-ink-400);
-				}
-				.cross-panel-sync-description {
-					color: var(--bg-ink-300);
-				}
-			}
 		}
 
 		.overview-settings-footer {

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/DashboardSettings/General/index.tsx

@@ -1,15 +1,11 @@
-import { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react';
+import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
 import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
-import { Col, Input, Radio, Select, Space, Typography } from 'antd';
+import { Col, Input, Select, Space, Typography } from 'antd';
 import AddTags from 'container/DashboardContainer/DashboardSettings/General/AddTags';
 import { useUpdateDashboard } from 'hooks/dashboard/useUpdateDashboard';
 import { isEqual } from 'lodash-es';
 import { Check, X } from 'lucide-react';
 import { useDashboard } from 'providers/Dashboard/Dashboard';
-import {
-	CROSS_PANEL_SYNC_OPTIONS,
-	CrossPanelSync,
-} from 'types/api/dashboard/getAll';
 
 import { Button } from './styles';
 import { Base64Icons } from './utils';
@@ -25,13 +21,8 @@ function GeneralDashboardSettings(): JSX.Element {
 
 	const selectedData = selectedDashboard?.data;
 
-	const {
-		title = '',
-		tags = [],
-		description = '',
-		image = Base64Icons[0],
-		crossPanelSync = 'NONE',
-	} = selectedData || {};
+	const { title = '', tags = [], description = '', image = Base64Icons[0] } =
+		selectedData || {};
 
 	const [updatedTitle, setUpdatedTitle] = useState<string>(title);
 	const [updatedTags, setUpdatedTags] = useState<string[]>(tags || []);
@@ -39,10 +30,6 @@ function GeneralDashboardSettings(): JSX.Element {
 		description || '',
 	);
 	const [updatedImage, setUpdatedImage] = useState<string>(image);
-	const [
-		updatedCrossPanelSync,
-		setUpdatedCrossPanelSync,
-	] = useState<CrossPanelSync>(crossPanelSync);
 	const [numberOfUnsavedChanges, setNumberOfUnsavedChanges] = useState<number>(
 		0,
 	);
@@ -63,7 +50,6 @@ function GeneralDashboardSettings(): JSX.Element {
 					tags: updatedTags,
 					title: updatedTitle,
 					image: updatedImage,
-					crossPanelSync: updatedCrossPanelSync,
 				},
 			},
 			{
@@ -79,13 +65,12 @@ function GeneralDashboardSettings(): JSX.Element {
 
 	useEffect(() => {
 		let numberOfUnsavedChanges = 0;
-		const initialValues = [title, description, tags, image, crossPanelSync];
+		const initialValues = [title, description, tags, image];
 		const updatedValues = [
 			updatedTitle,
 			updatedDescription,
 			updatedTags,
 			updatedImage,
-			updatedCrossPanelSync,
 		];
 		initialValues.forEach((val, index) => {
 			if (!isEqual(val, updatedValues[index])) {
@@ -94,38 +79,21 @@ function GeneralDashboardSettings(): JSX.Element {
 		});
 		setNumberOfUnsavedChanges(numberOfUnsavedChanges);
 	}, [
-		crossPanelSync,
 		description,
 		image,
 		tags,
 		title,
-		updatedCrossPanelSync,
 		updatedDescription,
 		updatedImage,
 		updatedTags,
 		updatedTitle,
 	]);
 
-	const crossPanelSyncOptions = useMemo(() => {
-		return CROSS_PANEL_SYNC_OPTIONS.map((value) => {
-			const sanitizedValue = value.toLowerCase();
-			const label =
-				sanitizedValue === 'none'
-					? 'No Sync'
-					: sanitizedValue.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + sanitizedValue.slice(1);
-			return {
-				label,
-				value,
-			};
-		});
-	}, []);
-
 	const discardHandler = (): void => {
 		setUpdatedTitle(title);
 		setUpdatedImage(image);
 		setUpdatedTags(tags);
 		setUpdatedDescription(description);
-		setUpdatedCrossPanelSync(crossPanelSync);
 	};
 
 	return (
@@ -188,28 +156,6 @@ function GeneralDashboardSettings(): JSX.Element {
 					</div>
 				</Space>
 			</Col>
-			<Col className="overview-settings">
-				<div className="cross-panel-sync-section">
-					<div className="cross-panel-sync-info">
-						<Typography className="cross-panel-sync-title">
-							Cross-Panel Sync
-						</Typography>
-						<Typography.Text className="cross-panel-sync-description">
-							Sync crosshair and tooltip across all the dashboard panels
-						</Typography.Text>
-					</div>
-					<Radio.Group
-						value={updatedCrossPanelSync}
-						onChange={(e): void =>
-							setUpdatedCrossPanelSync(e.target.value as CrossPanelSync)
-						}
-						optionType="button"
-						buttonStyle="solid"
-						options={crossPanelSyncOptions}
-						data-testid="cross-panel-sync"
-					/>
-				</div>
-			</Col>
 			{numberOfUnsavedChanges > 0 && (
 				<div className="overview-settings-footer">
 					<div className="unsaved">

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/components/DashboardHeader/DashboardBreadcrumbs.styles.scss

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+.dashboard-breadcrumbs {
+	width: 100%;
+	height: 48px;
+	display: flex;
+	gap: 6px;
+	align-items: center;
+	max-width: 80%;
+
+	.dashboard-btn {
+		display: flex;
+		align-items: center;
+		color: var(--bg-vanilla-400);
+		font-family: Inter;
+		font-size: 14px;
+		font-style: normal;
+		font-weight: 400;
+		line-height: 20px; /* 142.857% */
+		letter-spacing: -0.07px;
+		padding: 0px;
+		height: 20px;
+	}
+
+	.dashboard-btn:hover {
+		background-color: unset;
+	}
+
+	.id-btn {
+		display: flex;
+		align-items: center;
+		gap: 4px;
+		padding: 0px 2px;
+		border-radius: 2px;
+		background: rgba(113, 144, 249, 0.1);
+		color: var(--bg-robin-400);
+		font-family: Inter;
+		font-size: 14px;
+		font-style: normal;
+		font-weight: 400;
+		line-height: 20px; /* 142.857% */
+		height: 20px;
+
+		max-width: calc(100% - 120px);
+
+		span {
+			white-space: nowrap;
+			overflow: hidden;
+			text-overflow: ellipsis;
+		}
+
+		.ant-btn-icon {
+			margin-inline-end: 4px;
+		}
+	}
+	.id-btn:hover {
+		background: rgba(113, 144, 249, 0.1);
+		color: var(--bg-robin-300);
+	}
+
+	.dashboard-icon-image {
+		height: 14px;
+		width: 14px;
+	}
+}
+
+.lightMode {
+	.dashboard-breadcrumbs {
+		.dashboard-btn {
+			color: var(--bg-ink-400);
+		}
+	}
+}

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/components/DashboardHeader/DashboardBreadcrumbs.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import { useCallback } from 'react';
+import { Button } from 'antd';
+import ROUTES from 'constants/routes';
+import { useSafeNavigate } from 'hooks/useSafeNavigate';
+import { LayoutGrid } from 'lucide-react';
+import { useDashboard } from 'providers/Dashboard/Dashboard';
+import { DashboardData } from 'types/api/dashboard/getAll';
+
+import { Base64Icons } from '../../DashboardSettings/General/utils';
+
+import './DashboardBreadcrumbs.styles.scss';
+
+function DashboardBreadcrumbs(): JSX.Element {
+	const { safeNavigate } = useSafeNavigate();
+	const { selectedDashboard, listSortOrder } = useDashboard();
+
+	const selectedData = selectedDashboard
+		? {
+				...selectedDashboard.data,
+				uuid: selectedDashboard.id,
+		  }
+		: ({} as DashboardData);
+
+	const { title = '', image = Base64Icons[0] } = selectedData || {};
+
+	const goToListPage = useCallback(() => {
+		const urlParams = new URLSearchParams();
+		urlParams.set('columnKey', listSortOrder.columnKey as string);
+		urlParams.set('order', listSortOrder.order as string);
+		urlParams.set('page', listSortOrder.pagination as string);
+		urlParams.set('search', listSortOrder.search as string);
+
+		const generatedUrl = `${ROUTES.ALL_DASHBOARD}?${urlParams.toString()}`;
+		safeNavigate(generatedUrl);
+	}, [listSortOrder, safeNavigate]);
+
+	return (
+		<div className="dashboard-breadcrumbs">
+			<Button
+				type="text"
+				icon={<LayoutGrid size={14} />}
+				className="dashboard-btn"
+				onClick={goToListPage}
+			>
+				Dashboard /
+			</Button>
+			<Button type="text" className="id-btn dashboard-name-btn">
+				<img src={image} alt="dashboard-icon" className="dashboard-icon-image" />
+				{title}
+			</Button>
+		</div>
+	);
+}
+
+export default DashboardBreadcrumbs;

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/components/DashboardHeader/DashboardHeader.styles.scss

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+.dashboard-header {
+	border-bottom: 1px solid var(--bg-slate-400);
+	display: flex;
+	justify-content: space-between;
+	gap: 16px;
+	align-items: center;
+	padding: 0 8px;
+	box-sizing: border-box;
+}
+
+.lightMode {
+	.dashboard-header {
+		border-bottom: 1px solid var(--bg-vanilla-300);
+	}
+}

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/components/DashboardHeader/DashboardHeader.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import { memo } from 'react';
+import HeaderRightSection from 'components/HeaderRightSection/HeaderRightSection';
+
+import DashboardBreadcrumbs from './DashboardBreadcrumbs';
+
+import './DashboardHeader.styles.scss';
+
+function DashboardHeader(): JSX.Element {
+	return (
+		<div className="dashboard-header">
+			<DashboardBreadcrumbs />
+			<HeaderRightSection enableAnnouncements={false} enableShare enableFeedback />
+		</div>
+	);
+}
+
+export default memo(DashboardHeader);

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/ChartWrapper/ChartWrapper.tsx

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ export default function ChartWrapper({
 	width: containerWidth,
 	height: containerHeight,
 	showTooltip = true,
+	showLegend = true,
 	canPinTooltip = false,
 	syncMode,
 	syncKey,
@@ -36,6 +37,9 @@ export default function ChartWrapper({
 
 	const legendComponent = useCallback(
 		(averageLegendWidth: number): React.ReactNode => {
+			if (!showLegend) {
+				return null;
+			}
 			return (
 				<Legend
 					config={config}
@@ -44,7 +48,7 @@ export default function ChartWrapper({
 				/>
 			);
 		},
-		[config, legendConfig.position],
+		[config, legendConfig.position, showLegend],
 	);
 
 	const renderTooltipCallback = useCallback(
@@ -60,6 +64,7 @@ export default function ChartWrapper({
 	return (
 		<PlotContextProvider>
 			<ChartLayout
+				showLegend={showLegend}
 				config={config}
 				containerWidth={containerWidth}
 				containerHeight={containerHeight}

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/Histogram/Histogram.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import { useCallback } from 'react';
+import ChartWrapper from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/ChartWrapper/ChartWrapper';
+import HistogramTooltip from 'lib/uPlotV2/components/Tooltip/HistogramTooltip';
+import { buildTooltipContent } from 'lib/uPlotV2/components/Tooltip/utils';
+import {
+	HistogramTooltipProps,
+	TooltipRenderArgs,
+} from 'lib/uPlotV2/components/types';
+
+import { HistogramChartProps } from '../types';
+
+export default function Histogram(props: HistogramChartProps): JSX.Element {
+	const {
+		children,
+		renderTooltip: customRenderTooltip,
+		isQueriesMerged,
+		...rest
+	} = props;
+
+	const renderTooltip = useCallback(
+		(props: TooltipRenderArgs): React.ReactNode => {
+			if (customRenderTooltip) {
+				return customRenderTooltip(props);
+			}
+			const content = buildTooltipContent({
+				data: props.uPlotInstance.data,
+				series: props.uPlotInstance.series,
+				dataIndexes: props.dataIndexes,
+				activeSeriesIndex: props.seriesIndex,
+				uPlotInstance: props.uPlotInstance,
+				yAxisUnit: rest.yAxisUnit ?? '',
+				decimalPrecision: rest.decimalPrecision,
+			});
+			const tooltipProps: HistogramTooltipProps = {
+				...props,
+				timezone: rest.timezone,
+				yAxisUnit: rest.yAxisUnit,
+				decimalPrecision: rest.decimalPrecision,
+				content,
+			};
+			return <HistogramTooltip {...tooltipProps} />;
+		},
+		[customRenderTooltip, rest.timezone, rest.yAxisUnit, rest.decimalPrecision],
+	);
+
+	return (
+		<ChartWrapper
+			showLegend={!isQueriesMerged}
+			{...rest}
+			renderTooltip={renderTooltip}
+		>
+			{children}
+		</ChartWrapper>
+	);
+}

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/types.ts

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 import { PrecisionOption } from 'components/Graph/types';
 import { LegendConfig, TooltipRenderArgs } from 'lib/uPlotV2/components/types';
 import { UPlotConfigBuilder } from 'lib/uPlotV2/config/UPlotConfigBuilder';
-import { CrossPanelSync } from 'types/api/dashboard/getAll';
+import { DashboardCursorSync } from 'lib/uPlotV2/plugins/TooltipPlugin/types';
 
 interface BaseChartProps {
 	width: number;
 	height: number;
 	showTooltip?: boolean;
+	showLegend?: boolean;
 	timezone: string;
 	canPinTooltip?: boolean;
 	yAxisUnit?: string;
@@ -17,7 +18,8 @@ interface BaseChartProps {
 interface UPlotBasedChartProps {
 	config: UPlotConfigBuilder;
 	data: uPlot.AlignedData;
-	syncMode?: CrossPanelSync;
+	legendConfig: LegendConfig;
+	syncMode?: DashboardCursorSync;
 	syncKey?: string;
 	plotRef?: (plot: uPlot | null) => void;
 	onDestroy?: (plot: uPlot) => void;
@@ -26,14 +28,20 @@ interface UPlotBasedChartProps {
 }
 
 export interface TimeSeriesChartProps
+	extends BaseChartProps,
+		UPlotBasedChartProps {}
+
+export interface HistogramChartProps
 	extends BaseChartProps,
 		UPlotBasedChartProps {
-	legendConfig: LegendConfig;
+	isQueriesMerged?: boolean;
 }
 
 export interface BarChartProps extends BaseChartProps, UPlotBasedChartProps {
-	legendConfig: LegendConfig;
 	isStackedBarChart?: boolean;
 }
 
-export type ChartProps = TimeSeriesChartProps | BarChartProps;
+export type ChartProps =
+	| TimeSeriesChartProps
+	| BarChartProps
+	| HistogramChartProps;

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/hooks/__tests__/useScrollWidgetIntoView.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+import { renderHook } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { useDashboard } from 'providers/Dashboard/Dashboard';
+
+import { useScrollWidgetIntoView } from '../useScrollWidgetIntoView';
+
+jest.mock('providers/Dashboard/Dashboard');
+
+type MockHTMLElement = {
+	scrollIntoView: jest.Mock;
+	focus: jest.Mock;
+};
+
+function createMockElement(): MockHTMLElement {
+	return {
+		scrollIntoView: jest.fn(),
+		focus: jest.fn(),
+	};
+}
+
+describe('useScrollWidgetIntoView', () => {
+	const mockedUseDashboard = useDashboard as jest.MockedFunction<
+		typeof useDashboard
+	>;
+
+	beforeEach(() => {
+		jest.clearAllMocks();
+	});
+
+	it('scrolls into view and focuses when toScrollWidgetId matches widget id', () => {
+		const setToScrollWidgetId = jest.fn();
+		const mockElement = createMockElement();
+		const ref = ({
+			current: mockElement,
+		} as unknown) as React.RefObject<HTMLDivElement>;
+
+		mockedUseDashboard.mockReturnValue(({
+			toScrollWidgetId: 'widget-id',
+			setToScrollWidgetId,
+		} as unknown) as ReturnType<typeof useDashboard>);
+
+		renderHook(() => useScrollWidgetIntoView('widget-id', ref));
+
+		expect(mockElement.scrollIntoView).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+			behavior: 'smooth',
+			block: 'center',
+		});
+		expect(mockElement.focus).toHaveBeenCalled();
+		expect(setToScrollWidgetId).toHaveBeenCalledWith('');
+	});
+
+	it('does nothing when toScrollWidgetId does not match widget id', () => {
+		const setToScrollWidgetId = jest.fn();
+		const mockElement = createMockElement();
+		const ref = ({
+			current: mockElement,
+		} as unknown) as React.RefObject<HTMLDivElement>;
+
+		mockedUseDashboard.mockReturnValue(({
+			toScrollWidgetId: 'other-widget',
+			setToScrollWidgetId,
+		} as unknown) as ReturnType<typeof useDashboard>);
+
+		renderHook(() => useScrollWidgetIntoView('widget-id', ref));
+
+		expect(mockElement.scrollIntoView).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+		expect(mockElement.focus).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+		expect(setToScrollWidgetId).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+});

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/hooks/useScrollWidgetIntoView.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import { RefObject, useEffect } from 'react';
+import { useDashboard } from 'providers/Dashboard/Dashboard';
+
+/**
+ * Scrolls the given widget container into view when the dashboard
+ * requests it via `toScrollWidgetId`.
+ *
+ * Intended for use in panel components that render a single widget.
+ */
+export function useScrollWidgetIntoView<T extends HTMLElement>(
+	widgetId: string,
+	widgetContainerRef: RefObject<T>,
+): void {
+	const { toScrollWidgetId, setToScrollWidgetId } = useDashboard();
+
+	useEffect(() => {
+		if (toScrollWidgetId === widgetId) {
+			widgetContainerRef.current?.scrollIntoView({
+				behavior: 'smooth',
+				block: 'center',
+			});
+			widgetContainerRef.current?.focus();
+			setToScrollWidgetId('');
+		}
+	}, [toScrollWidgetId, setToScrollWidgetId, widgetId, widgetContainerRef]);
+}

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/layout/ChartLayout/ChartLayout.tsx

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 import { useMemo } from 'react';
 import cx from 'classnames';
 import { calculateChartDimensions } from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/utils';
+import { MAX_LEGEND_WIDTH } from 'lib/uPlotV2/components/Legend/Legend';
 import { LegendConfig, LegendPosition } from 'lib/uPlotV2/components/types';
 import { UPlotConfigBuilder } from 'lib/uPlotV2/config/UPlotConfigBuilder';
 
 import './ChartLayout.styles.scss';
 
 export interface ChartLayoutProps {
+	showLegend?: boolean;
 	legendComponent: (legendPerSet: number) => React.ReactNode;
 	children: (props: {
 		chartWidth: number;
@@ -20,6 +22,7 @@ export interface ChartLayoutProps {
 	config: UPlotConfigBuilder;
 }
 export default function ChartLayout({
+	showLegend = true,
 	legendComponent,
 	children,
 	layoutChildren,
@@ -30,6 +33,15 @@ export default function ChartLayout({
 }: ChartLayoutProps): JSX.Element {
 	const chartDimensions = useMemo(
 		() => {
+			if (!showLegend) {
+				return {
+					width: containerWidth,
+					height: containerHeight,
+					legendWidth: 0,
+					legendHeight: 0,
+					averageLegendWidth: MAX_LEGEND_WIDTH,
+				};
+			}
 			const legendItemsMap = config.getLegendItems();
 			const seriesLabels = Object.values(legendItemsMap)
 				.map((item) => item.label)
@@ -42,7 +54,7 @@ export default function ChartLayout({
 			});
 		},
 		// eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
-		[containerWidth, containerHeight, legendConfig],
+		[containerWidth, containerHeight, legendConfig, showLegend],
 	);
 
 	return (
@@ -60,15 +72,17 @@ export default function ChartLayout({
 						averageLegendWidth: chartDimensions.averageLegendWidth,
 					})}
 				</div>
-				<div
-					className="chart-layout__legend-wrapper"
-					style={{
-						height: chartDimensions.legendHeight,
-						width: chartDimensions.legendWidth,
-					}}
-				>
-					{legendComponent(chartDimensions.averageLegendWidth)}
-				</div>
+				{showLegend && (
+					<div
+						className="chart-layout__legend-wrapper"
+						style={{
+							height: chartDimensions.legendHeight,
+							width: chartDimensions.legendWidth,
+						}}
+					>
+						{legendComponent(chartDimensions.averageLegendWidth)}
+					</div>
+				)}
 			</div>
 			{layoutChildren}
 		</div>

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/BarPanel/BarPanel.tsx

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import { useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from 'react';
+import { useScrollWidgetIntoView } from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/hooks/useScrollWidgetIntoView';
 import { PanelWrapperProps } from 'container/PanelWrapper/panelWrapper.types';
 import { useIsDarkMode } from 'hooks/useDarkMode';
 import { useResizeObserver } from 'hooks/useDimensions';
 import { LegendPosition } from 'lib/uPlotV2/components/types';
 import ContextMenu from 'periscope/components/ContextMenu';
-import { useDashboard } from 'providers/Dashboard/Dashboard';
 import { useTimezone } from 'providers/Timezone';
 import { MetricRangePayloadProps } from 'types/api/metrics/getQueryRange';
 import uPlot from 'uplot';
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import { getTimeRange } from 'utils/getTimeRange';
 import BarChart from '../../charts/BarChart/BarChart';
 import ChartManager from '../../components/ChartManager/ChartManager';
 import { usePanelContextMenu } from '../../hooks/usePanelContextMenu';
-import { PanelMode } from '../types';
 import { prepareBarPanelConfig, prepareBarPanelData } from './utils';
 
 import '../Panel.styles.scss';
@@ -28,11 +27,6 @@ function BarPanel(props: PanelWrapperProps): JSX.Element {
 		onToggleModelHandler,
 	} = props;
 	const uPlotRef = useRef<uPlot | null>(null);
-	const {
-		toScrollWidgetId,
-		setToScrollWidgetId,
-		selectedDashboard,
-	} = useDashboard();
 	const graphRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
 	const [minTimeScale, setMinTimeScale] = useState<number>();
 	const [maxTimeScale, setMaxTimeScale] = useState<number>();
@@ -41,16 +35,7 @@ function BarPanel(props: PanelWrapperProps): JSX.Element {
 	const isDarkMode = useIsDarkMode();
 	const { timezone } = useTimezone();
 
-	useEffect(() => {
-		if (toScrollWidgetId === widget.id) {
-			graphRef.current?.scrollIntoView({
-				behavior: 'smooth',
-				block: 'center',
-			});
-			graphRef.current?.focus();
-			setToScrollWidgetId('');
-		}
-	}, [toScrollWidgetId, setToScrollWidgetId, widget.id]);
+	useScrollWidgetIntoView(widget.id, graphRef);
 
 	useEffect((): void => {
 		const { startTime, endTime } = getTimeRange(queryResponse);
@@ -122,15 +107,6 @@ function BarPanel(props: PanelWrapperProps): JSX.Element {
 		onToggleModelHandler,
 	]);
 
-	const crossPanelSync = selectedDashboard?.data?.crossPanelSync ?? 'NONE';
-
-	const cursorSyncMode = useMemo(() => {
-		if (panelMode !== PanelMode.DASHBOARD_VIEW) {
-			return 'NONE';
-		}
-		return crossPanelSync;
-	}, [panelMode, crossPanelSync]);
-
 	const onPlotDestroy = useCallback(() => {
 		uPlotRef.current = null;
 	}, []);
@@ -151,7 +127,6 @@ function BarPanel(props: PanelWrapperProps): JSX.Element {
 					onDestroy={onPlotDestroy}
 					yAxisUnit={widget.yAxisUnit}
 					decimalPrecision={widget.decimalPrecision}
-					syncMode={cursorSyncMode}
 					timezone={timezone.value}
 					data={chartData as uPlot.AlignedData}
 					width={containerDimensions.width}

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/HistogramPanel/HistogramPanel.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+import { useMemo, useRef } from 'react';
+import { useScrollWidgetIntoView } from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/hooks/useScrollWidgetIntoView';
+import { PanelWrapperProps } from 'container/PanelWrapper/panelWrapper.types';
+import { useIsDarkMode } from 'hooks/useDarkMode';
+import { useResizeObserver } from 'hooks/useDimensions';
+import { LegendPosition } from 'lib/uPlotV2/components/types';
+import { DashboardCursorSync } from 'lib/uPlotV2/plugins/TooltipPlugin/types';
+import { useTimezone } from 'providers/Timezone';
+import { MetricRangePayloadProps } from 'types/api/metrics/getQueryRange';
+import uPlot from 'uplot';
+
+import Histogram from '../../charts/Histogram/Histogram';
+import ChartManager from '../../components/ChartManager/ChartManager';
+import {
+	prepareHistogramPanelConfig,
+	prepareHistogramPanelData,
+} from './utils';
+
+import '../Panel.styles.scss';
+
+function HistogramPanel(props: PanelWrapperProps): JSX.Element {
+	const {
+		panelMode,
+		queryResponse,
+		widget,
+		isFullViewMode,
+		onToggleModelHandler,
+	} = props;
+	const uPlotRef = useRef<uPlot | null>(null);
+	const graphRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+	const containerDimensions = useResizeObserver(graphRef);
+
+	const isDarkMode = useIsDarkMode();
+	const { timezone } = useTimezone();
+
+	useScrollWidgetIntoView(widget.id, graphRef);
+
+	const config = useMemo(() => {
+		return prepareHistogramPanelConfig({
+			widget,
+			isDarkMode,
+			apiResponse: queryResponse?.data?.payload as MetricRangePayloadProps,
+			panelMode,
+		});
+	}, [widget, isDarkMode, queryResponse?.data?.payload, panelMode]);
+
+	const chartData = useMemo(() => {
+		if (!queryResponse?.data?.payload) {
+			return [];
+		}
+		return prepareHistogramPanelData({
+			apiResponse: queryResponse?.data?.payload as MetricRangePayloadProps,
+			bucketWidth: widget?.bucketWidth,
+			bucketCount: widget?.bucketCount,
+			mergeAllActiveQueries: widget?.mergeAllActiveQueries,
+		});
+	}, [
+		queryResponse?.data?.payload,
+		widget?.bucketWidth,
+		widget?.bucketCount,
+		widget?.mergeAllActiveQueries,
+	]);
+
+	const layoutChildren = useMemo(() => {
+		if (!isFullViewMode || widget.mergeAllActiveQueries) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		return (
+			<ChartManager
+				config={config}
+				alignedData={chartData}
+				yAxisUnit={widget.yAxisUnit}
+				onCancel={onToggleModelHandler}
+			/>
+		);
+	}, [
+		isFullViewMode,
+		config,
+		chartData,
+		widget.yAxisUnit,
+		onToggleModelHandler,
+		widget.mergeAllActiveQueries,
+	]);
+
+	return (
+		<div className="panel-container" ref={graphRef}>
+			{containerDimensions.width > 0 && containerDimensions.height > 0 && (
+				<Histogram
+					config={config}
+					legendConfig={{
+						position: widget?.legendPosition ?? LegendPosition.BOTTOM,
+					}}
+					plotRef={(plot: uPlot | null): void => {
+						uPlotRef.current = plot;
+					}}
+					onDestroy={(): void => {
+						uPlotRef.current = null;
+					}}
+					isQueriesMerged={widget.mergeAllActiveQueries}
+					yAxisUnit={widget.yAxisUnit}
+					decimalPrecision={widget.decimalPrecision}
+					syncMode={DashboardCursorSync.Crosshair}
+					timezone={timezone.value}
+					data={chartData as uPlot.AlignedData}
+					width={containerDimensions.width}
+					height={containerDimensions.height}
+					layoutChildren={layoutChildren}
+				/>
+			)}
+		</div>
+	);
+}
+
+export default HistogramPanel;

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/HistogramPanel/__tests__/HistogramPanel.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+/* eslint-disable simple-import-sort/imports */
+import type { UseQueryResult } from 'react-query';
+import { render, screen } from 'tests/test-utils';
+
+import { PanelMode } from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/types';
+import { LegendPosition } from 'lib/uPlotV2/components/types';
+import { Widgets } from 'types/api/dashboard/getAll';
+import {
+	MetricQueryRangeSuccessResponse,
+	MetricRangePayloadProps,
+} from 'types/api/metrics/getQueryRange';
+
+import HistogramPanel from '../HistogramPanel';
+import { HistogramChartProps } from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/types';
+
+jest.mock('hooks/useDimensions', () => ({
+	useResizeObserver: jest.fn().mockReturnValue({ width: 800, height: 400 }),
+}));
+
+jest.mock('hooks/useDarkMode', () => ({
+	useIsDarkMode: jest.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
+}));
+
+jest.mock('providers/Timezone', () => ({
+	__esModule: true,
+	// Provide a no-op provider component so AllTheProviders can render
+	default: ({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }): JSX.Element => (
+		<>{children}</>
+	),
+	// And mock the hook used by HistogramPanel
+	useTimezone: jest.fn().mockReturnValue({
+		timezone: { value: 'UTC' },
+	}),
+}));
+
+jest.mock(
+	'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/hooks/useScrollWidgetIntoView',
+	() => ({
+		useScrollWidgetIntoView: jest.fn(),
+	}),
+);
+
+jest.mock(
+	'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/Histogram/Histogram',
+	() => ({
+		__esModule: true,
+		default: (props: HistogramChartProps): JSX.Element => (
+			<div data-testid="histogram-chart">
+				<div data-testid="histogram-props">
+					{JSON.stringify({
+						legendPosition: props.legendConfig?.position,
+						isQueriesMerged: props.isQueriesMerged,
+						yAxisUnit: props.yAxisUnit,
+						decimalPrecision: props.decimalPrecision,
+					})}
+				</div>
+				{props.layoutChildren}
+			</div>
+		),
+	}),
+);
+
+jest.mock(
+	'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/components/ChartManager/ChartManager',
+	() => ({
+		__esModule: true,
+		default: (): JSX.Element => (
+			<div data-testid="chart-manager">ChartManager</div>
+		),
+	}),
+);
+
+function createQueryResponse(
+	payloadOverrides: Partial<MetricRangePayloadProps> = {},
+): { data: { payload: MetricRangePayloadProps } } {
+	const basePayload: MetricRangePayloadProps = {
+		data: {
+			result: [
+				{
+					metric: {},
+					queryName: 'A',
+					legend: 'Series A',
+					values: [
+						[1, '10'],
+						[2, '20'],
+					],
+				},
+			],
+			resultType: 'matrix',
+			newResult: {
+				data: {
+					result: [],
+					resultType: 'matrix',
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	};
+
+	return {
+		data: {
+			payload: {
+				...basePayload,
+				...payloadOverrides,
+			},
+		},
+	};
+}
+
+type WidgetLike = {
+	id: string;
+	yAxisUnit: string;
+	decimalPrecision: number;
+	legendPosition: LegendPosition;
+	mergeAllActiveQueries: boolean;
+};
+
+function createWidget(overrides: Partial<WidgetLike> = {}): WidgetLike {
+	return {
+		id: 'widget-id',
+		yAxisUnit: 'ms',
+		decimalPrecision: 2,
+		legendPosition: LegendPosition.BOTTOM,
+		mergeAllActiveQueries: false,
+		...overrides,
+	};
+}
+
+describe('HistogramPanel', () => {
+	it('renders Histogram when container has dimensions', () => {
+		const widget = (createWidget() as unknown) as Widgets;
+		const queryResponse = (createQueryResponse() as unknown) as UseQueryResult<
+			MetricQueryRangeSuccessResponse,
+			Error
+		>;
+
+		render(
+			<HistogramPanel
+				panelMode={PanelMode.DASHBOARD_VIEW}
+				widget={widget}
+				queryResponse={queryResponse}
+				isFullViewMode={false}
+				onToggleModelHandler={jest.fn()}
+				onDragSelect={jest.fn()}
+			/>,
+		);
+
+		expect(screen.getByTestId('histogram-chart')).toBeInTheDocument();
+	});
+
+	it('passes legend position and other props to Histogram', () => {
+		const widget = (createWidget({
+			legendPosition: LegendPosition.RIGHT,
+		}) as unknown) as Widgets;
+		const queryResponse = (createQueryResponse() as unknown) as UseQueryResult<
+			MetricQueryRangeSuccessResponse,
+			Error
+		>;
+
+		render(
+			<HistogramPanel
+				panelMode={PanelMode.DASHBOARD_VIEW}
+				widget={widget}
+				queryResponse={queryResponse}
+				isFullViewMode={false}
+				onToggleModelHandler={jest.fn()}
+				onDragSelect={jest.fn()}
+			/>,
+		);
+
+		const propsJson = screen.getByTestId('histogram-props').textContent || '{}';
+		const parsed = JSON.parse(propsJson);
+
+		expect(parsed.legendPosition).toBe(LegendPosition.RIGHT);
+		expect(parsed.yAxisUnit).toBe('ms');
+		expect(parsed.decimalPrecision).toBe(2);
+	});
+
+	it('renders ChartManager in full view when queries are not merged', () => {
+		const widget = (createWidget({
+			mergeAllActiveQueries: false,
+		}) as unknown) as Widgets;
+		const queryResponse = (createQueryResponse() as unknown) as UseQueryResult<
+			MetricQueryRangeSuccessResponse,
+			Error
+		>;
+
+		render(
+			<HistogramPanel
+				panelMode={PanelMode.DASHBOARD_VIEW}
+				widget={widget}
+				queryResponse={queryResponse}
+				isFullViewMode
+				onToggleModelHandler={jest.fn()}
+				onDragSelect={jest.fn()}
+			/>,
+		);
+
+		expect(screen.getByTestId('chart-manager')).toBeInTheDocument();
+	});
+
+	it('does not render ChartManager when queries are merged', () => {
+		const widget = (createWidget({
+			mergeAllActiveQueries: true,
+		}) as unknown) as Widgets;
+		const queryResponse = (createQueryResponse() as unknown) as UseQueryResult<
+			MetricQueryRangeSuccessResponse,
+			Error
+		>;
+
+		render(
+			<HistogramPanel
+				panelMode={PanelMode.DASHBOARD_VIEW}
+				widget={widget}
+				queryResponse={queryResponse}
+				isFullViewMode
+				onToggleModelHandler={jest.fn()}
+				onDragSelect={jest.fn()}
+			/>,
+		);
+
+		expect(screen.queryByTestId('chart-manager')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+	});
+});

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/HistogramPanel/utils.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+import { histogramBucketSizes } from '@grafana/data';
+import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
+import { DEFAULT_BUCKET_COUNT } from 'container/PanelWrapper/constants';
+import { getLegend } from 'lib/dashboard/getQueryResults';
+import getLabelName from 'lib/getLabelName';
+import { DrawStyle } from 'lib/uPlotV2/config/types';
+import { UPlotConfigBuilder } from 'lib/uPlotV2/config/UPlotConfigBuilder';
+import { Widgets } from 'types/api/dashboard/getAll';
+import { MetricRangePayloadProps } from 'types/api/metrics/getQueryRange';
+import { AlignedData } from 'uplot';
+import { incrRoundDn, roundDecimals } from 'utils/round';
+
+import { PanelMode } from '../types';
+import { buildBaseConfig } from '../utils/baseConfigBuilder';
+import {
+	buildHistogramBuckets,
+	mergeAlignedDataTables,
+	prependNullBinToFirstHistogramSeries,
+	replaceUndefinedWithNullInAlignedData,
+} from '../utils/histogram';
+
+export interface PrepareHistogramPanelDataParams {
+	apiResponse: MetricRangePayloadProps;
+	bucketWidth?: number;
+	bucketCount?: number;
+	mergeAllActiveQueries?: boolean;
+}
+
+const BUCKET_OFFSET = 0;
+const HIST_SORT = (a: number, b: number): number => a - b;
+
+function extractNumericValues(
+	result: MetricRangePayloadProps['data']['result'],
+): number[] {
+	const values: number[] = [];
+	for (const item of result) {
+		for (const [, valueStr] of item.values) {
+			values.push(Number.parseFloat(valueStr) || 0);
+		}
+	}
+	return values;
+}
+
+function computeSmallestDelta(sortedValues: number[]): number {
+	if (sortedValues.length <= 1) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+	let smallest = Infinity;
+	for (let i = 1; i < sortedValues.length; i++) {
+		const delta = sortedValues[i] - sortedValues[i - 1];
+		if (delta > 0) {
+			smallest = Math.min(smallest, delta);
+		}
+	}
+	return smallest === Infinity ? 0 : smallest;
+}
+
+function selectBucketSize({
+	range,
+	bucketCount,
+	smallestDelta,
+	bucketWidthOverride,
+}: {
+	range: number;
+	bucketCount: number;
+	smallestDelta: number;
+	bucketWidthOverride?: number;
+}): number {
+	if (bucketWidthOverride != null && bucketWidthOverride > 0) {
+		return bucketWidthOverride;
+	}
+	const targetSize = range / bucketCount;
+	for (const candidate of histogramBucketSizes) {
+		if (targetSize < candidate && candidate >= smallestDelta) {
+			return candidate;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+function buildFrames(
+	result: MetricRangePayloadProps['data']['result'],
+	mergeAllActiveQueries: boolean,
+): number[][] {
+	const frames: number[][] = result.map((item) =>
+		item.values.map(([, valueStr]) => Number.parseFloat(valueStr) || 0),
+	);
+	if (mergeAllActiveQueries && frames.length > 1) {
+		const first = frames[0];
+		for (let i = 1; i < frames.length; i++) {
+			first.push(...frames[i]);
+			frames[i] = [];
+		}
+	}
+	return frames;
+}
+
+export function prepareHistogramPanelData({
+	apiResponse,
+	bucketWidth,
+	bucketCount: bucketCountProp = DEFAULT_BUCKET_COUNT,
+	mergeAllActiveQueries = false,
+}: PrepareHistogramPanelDataParams): AlignedData {
+	const bucketCount = bucketCountProp ?? DEFAULT_BUCKET_COUNT;
+	const result = apiResponse.data.result;
+
+	const seriesValues = extractNumericValues(result);
+	if (seriesValues.length === 0) {
+		return [[]];
+	}
+
+	const sorted = [...seriesValues].sort((a, b) => a - b);
+	const min = sorted[0];
+	const max = sorted[sorted.length - 1];
+	const range = max - min;
+	const smallestDelta = computeSmallestDelta(sorted);
+	let bucketSize = selectBucketSize({
+		range,
+		bucketCount,
+		smallestDelta,
+		bucketWidthOverride: bucketWidth,
+	});
+	if (bucketSize <= 0) {
+		bucketSize = range > 0 ? range / bucketCount : 1;
+	}
+
+	const getBucket = (v: number): number =>
+		roundDecimals(incrRoundDn(v - BUCKET_OFFSET, bucketSize) + BUCKET_OFFSET, 9);
+
+	const frames = buildFrames(result, mergeAllActiveQueries);
+	const histogramsPerSeries: AlignedData[] = frames
+		.filter((frame) => frame.length > 0)
+		.map((frame) => buildHistogramBuckets(frame, getBucket, HIST_SORT));
+
+	if (histogramsPerSeries.length === 0) {
+		return [[]];
+	}
+
+	const mergedHistogramData = mergeAlignedDataTables(histogramsPerSeries);
+	replaceUndefinedWithNullInAlignedData(mergedHistogramData);
+	prependNullBinToFirstHistogramSeries(mergedHistogramData, bucketSize);
+	return mergedHistogramData;
+}
+
+export function prepareHistogramPanelConfig({
+	widget,
+	apiResponse,
+	panelMode,
+	isDarkMode,
+}: {
+	widget: Widgets;
+	apiResponse: MetricRangePayloadProps;
+	panelMode: PanelMode;
+	isDarkMode: boolean;
+}): UPlotConfigBuilder {
+	const builder = buildBaseConfig({
+		widget,
+		isDarkMode,
+		apiResponse,
+		panelMode,
+		panelType: PANEL_TYPES.HISTOGRAM,
+	});
+	builder.setCursor({
+		drag: {
+			x: false,
+			y: false,
+			setScale: true,
+		},
+		focus: {
+			prox: 1e3,
+		},
+	});
+
+	builder.addScale({
+		scaleKey: 'x',
+		time: false,
+		auto: true,
+	});
+	builder.addScale({
+		scaleKey: 'y',
+		time: false,
+		auto: true,
+		min: 0,
+	});
+
+	const currentQuery = widget.query;
+	const mergeAllActiveQueries = widget?.mergeAllActiveQueries ?? false;
+
+	// When merged, data has only one y column; add one series to match. Otherwise add one per result.
+	if (mergeAllActiveQueries) {
+		builder.addSeries({
+			label: '',
+			scaleKey: 'y',
+			drawStyle: DrawStyle.Bar,
+			panelType: PANEL_TYPES.HISTOGRAM,
+			colorMapping: widget.customLegendColors ?? {},
+			spanGaps: false,
+			barWidthFactor: 1,
+			pointSize: 5,
+			lineColor: '#3f5ecc',
+			fillColor: '#4E74F8',
+			isDarkMode,
+		});
+	} else {
+		apiResponse.data.result.forEach((series) => {
+			const baseLabelName = getLabelName(
+				series.metric,
+				series.queryName || '', // query
+				series.legend || '',
+			);
+
+			const label = currentQuery
+				? getLegend(series, currentQuery, baseLabelName)
+				: baseLabelName;
+
+			builder.addSeries({
+				label: label,
+				scaleKey: 'y',
+				drawStyle: DrawStyle.Bar,
+				panelType: PANEL_TYPES.HISTOGRAM,
+				colorMapping: widget.customLegendColors ?? {},
+				spanGaps: false,
+				barWidthFactor: 1,
+				pointSize: 5,
+				isDarkMode,
+			});
+		});
+	}
+
+	return builder;
+}

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/TimeSeriesPanel/TimeSeriesPanel.tsx

@@ -2,19 +2,18 @@ import { useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from 'react';
 import TimeSeries from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/TimeSeries/TimeSeries';
 import ChartManager from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/components/ChartManager/ChartManager';
 import { usePanelContextMenu } from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/hooks/usePanelContextMenu';
+import { useScrollWidgetIntoView } from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/hooks/useScrollWidgetIntoView';
 import { PanelWrapperProps } from 'container/PanelWrapper/panelWrapper.types';
 import { useIsDarkMode } from 'hooks/useDarkMode';
 import { useResizeObserver } from 'hooks/useDimensions';
 import { LegendPosition } from 'lib/uPlotV2/components/types';
 import { ContextMenu } from 'periscope/components/ContextMenu';
-import { useDashboard } from 'providers/Dashboard/Dashboard';
 import { useTimezone } from 'providers/Timezone';
 import { MetricRangePayloadProps } from 'types/api/metrics/getQueryRange';
 import uPlot from 'uplot';
 import { getTimeRange } from 'utils/getTimeRange';
 
 import { prepareChartData, prepareUPlotConfig } from '../TimeSeriesPanel/utils';
-import { PanelMode } from '../types';
 
 import '../Panel.styles.scss';
 
@@ -27,11 +26,6 @@ function TimeSeriesPanel(props: PanelWrapperProps): JSX.Element {
 		isFullViewMode,
 		onToggleModelHandler,
 	} = props;
-	const {
-		toScrollWidgetId,
-		setToScrollWidgetId,
-		selectedDashboard,
-	} = useDashboard();
 	const graphRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
 	const [minTimeScale, setMinTimeScale] = useState<number>();
 	const [maxTimeScale, setMaxTimeScale] = useState<number>();
@@ -40,16 +34,7 @@ function TimeSeriesPanel(props: PanelWrapperProps): JSX.Element {
 	const isDarkMode = useIsDarkMode();
 	const { timezone } = useTimezone();
 
-	useEffect(() => {
-		if (toScrollWidgetId === widget.id) {
-			graphRef.current?.scrollIntoView({
-				behavior: 'smooth',
-				block: 'center',
-			});
-			graphRef.current?.focus();
-			setToScrollWidgetId('');
-		}
-	}, [toScrollWidgetId, setToScrollWidgetId, widget.id]);
+	useScrollWidgetIntoView(widget.id, graphRef);
 
 	useEffect((): void => {
 		const { startTime, endTime } = getTimeRange(queryResponse);
@@ -101,15 +86,6 @@ function TimeSeriesPanel(props: PanelWrapperProps): JSX.Element {
 		timezone,
 	]);
 
-	const crossPanelSync = selectedDashboard?.data?.crossPanelSync ?? 'NONE';
-
-	const cursorSyncMode = useMemo(() => {
-		if (panelMode !== PanelMode.DASHBOARD_VIEW) {
-			return 'NONE';
-		}
-		return crossPanelSync;
-	}, [panelMode, crossPanelSync]);
-
 	const layoutChildren = useMemo(() => {
 		if (!isFullViewMode) {
 			return null;
@@ -140,7 +116,6 @@ function TimeSeriesPanel(props: PanelWrapperProps): JSX.Element {
 					}}
 					yAxisUnit={widget.yAxisUnit}
 					decimalPrecision={widget.decimalPrecision}
-					syncMode={cursorSyncMode}
 					timezone={timezone.value}
 					data={chartData as uPlot.AlignedData}
 					width={containerDimensions.width}

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/utils/baseConfigBuilder.ts

@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ export interface BaseConfigBuilderProps {
 	widget: Widgets;
 	apiResponse: MetricRangePayloadProps;
 	isDarkMode: boolean;
-	onClick: OnClickPluginOpts['onClick'];
-	onDragSelect: (startTime: number, endTime: number) => void;
-	timezone: Timezone;
+	onClick?: OnClickPluginOpts['onClick'];
+	onDragSelect?: (startTime: number, endTime: number) => void;
+	timezone?: Timezone;
 	panelMode: PanelMode;
 	panelType: PANEL_TYPES;
 	minTimeScale?: number;
@@ -40,8 +40,10 @@ export function buildBaseConfig({
 	minTimeScale,
 	maxTimeScale,
 }: BaseConfigBuilderProps): UPlotConfigBuilder {
-	const tzDate = (timestamp: number): Date =>
-		uPlot.tzDate(new Date(timestamp * 1e3), timezone.value);
+	const tzDate = timezone
+		? (timestamp: number): Date =>
+				uPlot.tzDate(new Date(timestamp * 1e3), timezone.value)
+		: undefined;
 
 	const builder = new UPlotConfigBuilder({
 		onDragSelect,

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/utils/histogram.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+import {
+	NULL_EXPAND,
+	NULL_REMOVE,
+	NULL_RETAIN,
+} from 'container/PanelWrapper/constants';
+import { AlignedData } from 'uplot';
+
+/**
+ * Expands contiguous runs of `null` values to the left and right of their
+ * original positions so that visual gaps in the series are continuous.
+ *
+ * This is used when `NULL_EXPAND` mode is selected while joining series.
+ */
+function propagateNullsAcrossNeighbors(
+	seriesValues: Array<number | null>,
+	nullIndices: number[],
+	alignedLength: number,
+): void {
+	for (
+		let i = 0, currentIndex, lastExpandedNullIndex = -1;
+		i < nullIndices.length;
+		i++
+	) {
+		const nullIndex = nullIndices[i];
+
+		if (nullIndex > lastExpandedNullIndex) {
+			// expand left until we hit a non-null value
+			currentIndex = nullIndex - 1;
+			while (currentIndex >= 0 && seriesValues[currentIndex] == null) {
+				seriesValues[currentIndex--] = null;
+			}
+
+			// expand right until we hit a non-null value
+			currentIndex = nullIndex + 1;
+			while (currentIndex < alignedLength && seriesValues[currentIndex] == null) {
+				seriesValues[(lastExpandedNullIndex = currentIndex++)] = null;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Merges multiple uPlot `AlignedData` tables into a single aligned table.
+ *
+ * - Merges and sorts all distinct x-values from each table.
+ * - Re-aligns every series onto the merged x-axis.
+ * - Applies per-series null handling (`NULL_REMOVE`, `NULL_RETAIN`, `NULL_EXPAND`).
+ */
+/* eslint-disable sonarjs/cognitive-complexity */
+export function mergeAlignedDataTables(
+	alignedTables: AlignedData[],
+	nullModes?: number[][],
+): AlignedData {
+	let mergedXValues: Set<number>;
+
+	// eslint-disable-next-line prefer-const
+	mergedXValues = new Set();
+
+	// Collect all unique x-values from every table.
+	for (let tableIndex = 0; tableIndex < alignedTables.length; tableIndex++) {
+		const table = alignedTables[tableIndex];
+		const xValues = table[0];
+		const xLength = xValues.length;
+
+		for (let i = 0; i < xLength; i++) {
+			mergedXValues.add(xValues[i]);
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Sorted, merged x-axis used by the final result.
+	const alignedData: (number | null | undefined)[][] = [
+		Array.from(mergedXValues).sort((a, b) => a - b),
+	];
+
+	const alignedLength = alignedData[0].length;
+
+	// Map from x-value to its index in the merged x-axis.
+	const xValueToIndexMap = new Map<number, number>();
+
+	for (let i = 0; i < alignedLength; i++) {
+		xValueToIndexMap.set(alignedData[0][i] as number, i);
+	}
+
+	// Re-align all series from all tables onto the merged x-axis.
+	for (let tableIndex = 0; tableIndex < alignedTables.length; tableIndex++) {
+		const table = alignedTables[tableIndex];
+		const xValues = table[0];
+
+		for (let seriesIndex = 1; seriesIndex < table.length; seriesIndex++) {
+			const seriesValues = table[seriesIndex];
+
+			const alignedSeriesValues = Array(alignedLength).fill(undefined);
+
+			const nullHandlingMode = nullModes
+				? nullModes[tableIndex][seriesIndex]
+				: NULL_RETAIN;
+
+			const nullIndices: number[] = [];
+
+			for (let i = 0; i < seriesValues.length; i++) {
+				const valueAtPoint = seriesValues[i];
+				const alignedIndex = xValueToIndexMap.get(xValues[i]);
+
+				if (alignedIndex == null) {
+					continue;
+				}
+
+				if (valueAtPoint === null) {
+					if (nullHandlingMode !== NULL_REMOVE) {
+						alignedSeriesValues[alignedIndex] = valueAtPoint;
+
+						if (nullHandlingMode === NULL_EXPAND) {
+							nullIndices.push(alignedIndex);
+						}
+					}
+				} else {
+					alignedSeriesValues[alignedIndex] = valueAtPoint;
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Optionally expand nulls to visually preserve gaps.
+			propagateNullsAcrossNeighbors(
+				alignedSeriesValues,
+				nullIndices,
+				alignedLength,
+			);
+
+			alignedData.push(alignedSeriesValues);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return alignedData as AlignedData;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Builds histogram buckets from raw values.
+ *
+ * - Each value is mapped into a bucket via `getBucketForValue`.
+ * - Counts how many values fall into each bucket.
+ * - Optionally sorts buckets using the provided comparator.
+ */
+export function buildHistogramBuckets(
+	values: number[],
+	getBucketForValue: (value: number) => number,
+	sortBuckets?: ((a: number, b: number) => number) | null,
+): AlignedData {
+	const bucketMap = new Map<number, { value: number; count: number }>();
+
+	for (let i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
+		let value = values[i];
+
+		if (value != null) {
+			value = getBucketForValue(value);
+		}
+
+		const bucket = bucketMap.get(value);
+
+		if (bucket) {
+			bucket.count++;
+		} else {
+			bucketMap.set(value, { value, count: 1 });
+		}
+	}
+
+	const buckets = [...bucketMap.values()];
+
+	// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-expressions
+	sortBuckets && buckets.sort((a, b) => sortBuckets(a.value, b.value));
+
+	const bucketValues = Array(buckets.length);
+	const bucketCounts = Array(buckets.length);
+
+	for (let i = 0; i < buckets.length; i++) {
+		bucketValues[i] = buckets[i].value;
+		bucketCounts[i] = buckets[i].count;
+	}
+
+	return [bucketValues, bucketCounts];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Mutates an `AlignedData` instance, replacing all `undefined` entries
+ * with explicit `null` values so uPlot treats them as gaps.
+ */
+export function replaceUndefinedWithNullInAlignedData(
+	data: AlignedData,
+): AlignedData {
+	const seriesList = data as (number | null | undefined)[][];
+	for (let seriesIndex = 0; seriesIndex < seriesList.length; seriesIndex++) {
+		for (
+			let pointIndex = 0;
+			pointIndex < seriesList[seriesIndex].length;
+			pointIndex++
+		) {
+			if (seriesList[seriesIndex][pointIndex] === undefined) {
+				seriesList[seriesIndex][pointIndex] = null;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return data;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Ensures the first histogram series has a leading "empty" bin so that
+ * all series line up visually when rendered as bars.
+ *
+ * - Prepends a new x-value (first x - `bucketSize`) to the first series.
+ * - Prepends `null` to all subsequent series at the same index.
+ */
+export function prependNullBinToFirstHistogramSeries(
+	alignedData: AlignedData,
+	bucketSize: number,
+): void {
+	const seriesList = alignedData as (number | null)[][];
+	if (
+		seriesList.length > 0 &&
+		seriesList[0].length > 0 &&
+		seriesList[0][0] !== null
+	) {
+		seriesList[0].unshift(seriesList[0][0] - bucketSize);
+		for (let seriesIndex = 1; seriesIndex < seriesList.length; seriesIndex++) {
+			seriesList[seriesIndex].unshift(null);
+		}
+	}
+}

frontend/src/container/PanelWrapper/constants.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
 import BarPanel from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/BarPanel/BarPanel';
+import HistogramPanel from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/HistogramPanel/HistogramPanel';
 
 import TimeSeriesPanel from '../DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/TimeSeriesPanel/TimeSeriesPanel';
-import HistogramPanelWrapper from './HistogramPanelWrapper';
 import ListPanelWrapper from './ListPanelWrapper';
 import PiePanelWrapper from './PiePanelWrapper';
 import TablePanelWrapper from './TablePanelWrapper';
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ export const PanelTypeVsPanelWrapper = {
 	[PANEL_TYPES.EMPTY_WIDGET]: null,
 	[PANEL_TYPES.PIE]: PiePanelWrapper,
 	[PANEL_TYPES.BAR]: BarPanel,
-	[PANEL_TYPES.HISTOGRAM]: HistogramPanelWrapper,
+	[PANEL_TYPES.HISTOGRAM]: HistogramPanel,
 };
 
 export const DEFAULT_BUCKET_COUNT = 30;

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/components/Tooltip/HistogramTooltip.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import { HistogramTooltipProps } from '../types';
+import Tooltip from './Tooltip';
+
+export default function HistogramTooltip(
+	props: HistogramTooltipProps,
+): JSX.Element {
+	return <Tooltip {...props} showTooltipHeader={false} />;
+}

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/components/Tooltip/Tooltip.tsx

@@ -16,12 +16,16 @@ export default function Tooltip({
 	uPlotInstance,
 	timezone,
 	content,
+	showTooltipHeader = true,
 }: TooltipProps): JSX.Element {
 	const isDarkMode = useIsDarkMode();
 
 	const tooltipContent = content ?? [];
 
 	const headerTitle = useMemo(() => {
+		if (!showTooltipHeader) {
+			return null;
+		}
 		const data = uPlotInstance.data;
 		const cursorIdx = uPlotInstance.cursor.idx;
 		if (cursorIdx == null) {
@@ -30,7 +34,12 @@ export default function Tooltip({
 		return dayjs(data[0][cursorIdx] * 1000)
 			.tz(timezone)
 			.format(DATE_TIME_FORMATS.MONTH_DATETIME_SECONDS);
-	}, [timezone, uPlotInstance.data, uPlotInstance.cursor.idx]);
+	}, [
+		timezone,
+		uPlotInstance.data,
+		uPlotInstance.cursor.idx,
+		showTooltipHeader,
+	]);
 
 	return (
 		<div
@@ -39,9 +48,11 @@ export default function Tooltip({
 				isDarkMode ? 'darkMode' : 'lightMode',
 			)}
 		>
-			<div className="uplot-tooltip-header">
-				<span>{headerTitle}</span>
-			</div>
+			{showTooltipHeader && (
+				<div className="uplot-tooltip-header">
+					<span>{headerTitle}</span>
+				</div>
+			)}
 			<div
 				style={{
 					height: Math.min(

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/components/types.ts

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ export interface TooltipRenderArgs {
 }
 
 export interface BaseTooltipProps {
+	showTooltipHeader?: boolean;
 	timezone: string;
 	yAxisUnit?: string;
 	decimalPrecision?: PrecisionOption;
@@ -74,7 +75,14 @@ export interface BarTooltipProps extends BaseTooltipProps, TooltipRenderArgs {
 	isStackedBarChart?: boolean;
 }
 
-export type TooltipProps = TimeSeriesTooltipProps | BarTooltipProps;
+export interface HistogramTooltipProps
+	extends BaseTooltipProps,
+		TooltipRenderArgs {}
+
+export type TooltipProps =
+	| TimeSeriesTooltipProps
+	| BarTooltipProps
+	| HistogramTooltipProps;
 
 export enum LegendPosition {
 	BOTTOM = 'bottom',

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/config/UPlotConfigBuilder.ts

@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ export class UPlotConfigBuilder extends ConfigBuilder<
 		} = this.getVisibilityResolutionState();
 
 		config.series = [
-			{ value: (): string => '' }, // Base series for timestamp
+			{ value: (): string => '', label: 'Timestamp' }, // Base series for timestamp
 			...this.series.map((s) => {
 				const series = s.getConfig();
 				// Stored visibility[0] is x-axis/time; data series start at visibility[1]

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/config/UPlotSeriesBuilder.ts

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ export class UPlotSeriesBuilder extends ConfigBuilder<SeriesProps, Series> {
 	}: {
 		resolvedLineColor: string;
 	}): Partial<Series> {
-		const { lineWidth, lineStyle, lineCap } = this.props;
+		const { lineWidth, lineStyle, lineCap, fillColor } = this.props;
 		const lineConfig: Partial<Series> = {
 			stroke: resolvedLineColor,
 			width: lineWidth ?? 2,
@@ -63,8 +63,12 @@ export class UPlotSeriesBuilder extends ConfigBuilder<SeriesProps, Series> {
 			lineConfig.cap = lineCap;
 		}
 
-		if (this.props.panelType === PANEL_TYPES.BAR) {
+		if (fillColor) {
+			lineConfig.fill = fillColor;
+		} else if (this.props.panelType === PANEL_TYPES.BAR) {
 			lineConfig.fill = resolvedLineColor;
+		} else if (this.props.panelType === PANEL_TYPES.HISTOGRAM) {
+			lineConfig.fill = `${resolvedLineColor}40`;
 		}
 
 		return lineConfig;
@@ -147,6 +151,8 @@ export class UPlotSeriesBuilder extends ConfigBuilder<SeriesProps, Series> {
 			pointsConfig.show = false;
 		} else if (showPoints === VisibilityMode.Always) {
 			pointsConfig.show = true;
+		} else {
+			pointsConfig.show = false; // default to hidden
 		}
 
 		return pointsConfig;

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/config/types.ts

@@ -175,6 +175,7 @@ export interface SeriesProps extends LineConfig, PointsConfig, BarConfig {
 	pointsBuilder?: Series.Points.Show;
 	show?: boolean;
 	spanGaps?: boolean;
+	fillColor?: string;
 	isDarkMode?: boolean;
 	stepInterval?: number;
 }

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/plugins/TooltipPlugin/TooltipPlugin.tsx

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import {
 	updateWindowSize,
 } from './tooltipController';
 import {
+	DashboardCursorSync,
 	TooltipControllerContext,
 	TooltipControllerState,
 	TooltipLayoutInfo,
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ export default function TooltipPlugin({
 	render,
 	maxWidth = 300,
 	maxHeight = 400,
-	syncMode = 'NONE',
+	syncMode = DashboardCursorSync.None,
 	syncKey = '_tooltip_sync_global_',
 	canPinTooltip = false,
 }: TooltipPluginProps): JSX.Element | null {
@@ -77,11 +78,11 @@ export default function TooltipPlugin({
 		// render on every mouse move.
 		const controller: TooltipControllerState = createInitialControllerState();
 
-		const syncTooltipWithDashboard = syncMode === 'TOOLTIP';
+		const syncTooltipWithDashboard = syncMode === DashboardCursorSync.Tooltip;
 
 		// Enable uPlot's built-in cursor sync when requested so that
 		// crosshair / tooltip can follow the dashboard-wide cursor.
-		if (syncMode !== 'NONE' && config.scales[0]?.props.time) {
+		if (syncMode !== DashboardCursorSync.None && config.scales[0]?.props.time) {
 			config.setCursor({
 				sync: { key: syncKey, scales: ['x', null] },
 			});

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/plugins/TooltipPlugin/types.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import type {
 	ReactNode,
 	RefObject,
 } from 'react';
-import { CrossPanelSync } from 'types/api/dashboard/getAll';
 import type uPlot from 'uplot';
 
 import type { TooltipRenderArgs } from '../../components/types';
@@ -12,6 +11,12 @@ import type { UPlotConfigBuilder } from '../../config/UPlotConfigBuilder';
 
 export const TOOLTIP_OFFSET = 10;
 
+export enum DashboardCursorSync {
+	Crosshair,
+	None,
+	Tooltip,
+}
+
 export interface TooltipViewState {
 	plot?: uPlot | null;
 	style: Partial<CSSProperties>;
@@ -30,7 +35,7 @@ export interface TooltipLayoutInfo {
 export interface TooltipPluginProps {
 	config: UPlotConfigBuilder;
 	canPinTooltip?: boolean;
-	syncMode?: CrossPanelSync;
+	syncMode?: DashboardCursorSync;
 	syncKey?: string;
 	render: (args: TooltipRenderArgs) => ReactNode;
 	maxWidth?: number;
@@ -81,7 +86,7 @@ export interface TooltipControllerContext {
 	rafId: MutableRefObject<number | null>;
 	updateState: (updates: Partial<TooltipViewState>) => void;
 	renderRef: MutableRefObject<(args: TooltipRenderArgs) => ReactNode>;
-	syncMode: CrossPanelSync;
+	syncMode: DashboardCursorSync;
 	syncKey: string;
 	canPinTooltip: boolean;
 	createTooltipContents: () => React.ReactNode;

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/plugins/__tests__/TooltipPlugin.test.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import type uPlot from 'uplot';
 import { TooltipRenderArgs } from '../../components/types';
 import { UPlotConfigBuilder } from '../../config/UPlotConfigBuilder';
 import TooltipPlugin from '../TooltipPlugin/TooltipPlugin';
+import { DashboardCursorSync } from '../TooltipPlugin/types';
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Mock helpers
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ describe('TooltipPlugin', () => {
 			React.createElement(TooltipPlugin, {
 				config,
 				render: renderFn,
-				syncMode: 'NONE',
+				syncMode: DashboardCursorSync.None,
 				...extraProps,
 			}),
 		);
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ describe('TooltipPlugin', () => {
 				React.createElement(TooltipPlugin, {
 					config,
 					render: () => React.createElement('div', null, 'tooltip-body'),
-					syncMode: 'NONE',
+					syncMode: DashboardCursorSync.None,
 				}),
 			);
 
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ describe('TooltipPlugin', () => {
 				React.createElement(TooltipPlugin, {
 					config,
 					render: () => null,
-					syncMode: 'NONE',
+					syncMode: DashboardCursorSync.None,
 				}),
 			);
 
@@ -216,7 +217,7 @@ describe('TooltipPlugin', () => {
 							{ type: 'button', onClick: args.dismiss },
 							'Dismiss',
 						),
-					syncMode: 'NONE',
+					syncMode: DashboardCursorSync.None,
 					canPinTooltip: true,
 				}),
 			);
@@ -260,7 +261,7 @@ describe('TooltipPlugin', () => {
 				React.createElement(TooltipPlugin, {
 					config: config,
 					render: () => React.createElement('div', null, 'tooltip-body'),
-					syncMode: 'NONE',
+					syncMode: DashboardCursorSync.None,
 					canPinTooltip: true,
 				}),
 			);
@@ -304,7 +305,7 @@ describe('TooltipPlugin', () => {
 				React.createElement(TooltipPlugin, {
 					config,
 					render: () => React.createElement('div', null, 'pinned content'),
-					syncMode: 'NONE',
+					syncMode: DashboardCursorSync.None,
 					canPinTooltip: true,
 				}),
 			);
@@ -347,7 +348,7 @@ describe('TooltipPlugin', () => {
 				React.createElement(TooltipPlugin, {
 					config,
 					render: () => React.createElement('div', null, 'pinned content'),
-					syncMode: 'NONE',
+					syncMode: DashboardCursorSync.None,
 					canPinTooltip: true,
 				}),
 			);
@@ -397,7 +398,7 @@ describe('TooltipPlugin', () => {
 				React.createElement(TooltipPlugin, {
 					config,
 					render: () => null,
-					syncMode: 'TOOLTIP',
+					syncMode: DashboardCursorSync.Tooltip,
 					syncKey: 'dashboard-sync',
 				}),
 			);
@@ -416,7 +417,7 @@ describe('TooltipPlugin', () => {
 				React.createElement(TooltipPlugin, {
 					config,
 					render: () => null,
-					syncMode: 'NONE',
+					syncMode: DashboardCursorSync.None,
 				}),
 			);
 
@@ -432,7 +433,7 @@ describe('TooltipPlugin', () => {
 				React.createElement(TooltipPlugin, {
 					config,
 					render: () => null,
-					syncMode: 'TOOLTIP',
+					syncMode: DashboardCursorSync.Tooltip,
 				}),
 			);
 
@@ -452,7 +453,7 @@ describe('TooltipPlugin', () => {
 				React.createElement(TooltipPlugin, {
 					config,
 					render: () => null,
-					syncMode: 'NONE',
+					syncMode: DashboardCursorSync.None,
 				}),
 			);
 

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/utils/scale.ts

@@ -11,22 +11,6 @@ import { Threshold } from '../hooks/types';
 import { findMinMaxThresholdValues } from './threshold';
 import { LogScaleLimits, RangeFunctionParams } from './types';
 
-/**
- * Rounds a number down to the nearest multiple of incr.
- * Used for linear scale min so the axis starts on a clean tick.
- */
-export function incrRoundDn(num: number, incr: number): number {
-	return Math.floor(num / incr) * incr;
-}
-
-/**
- * Rounds a number up to the nearest multiple of incr.
- * Used for linear scale max so the axis ends on a clean tick.
- */
-export function incrRoundUp(num: number, incr: number): number {
-	return Math.ceil(num / incr) * incr;
-}
-
 /**
  * Snaps min/max/softMin/softMax to valid log-scale values (powers of logBase).
  * Only applies when distribution is logarithmic; otherwise returns limits unchanged.
@@ -213,25 +197,6 @@ function getLogScaleRange(
 	);
 }
 
-/**
- * Snaps linear scale min down and max up to whole numbers so axis bounds are clean.
- */
-function roundLinearRange(minMax: Range.MinMax): Range.MinMax {
-	const [currentMin, currentMax] = minMax;
-	let roundedMin = currentMin;
-	let roundedMax = currentMax;
-
-	if (roundedMin != null) {
-		roundedMin = incrRoundDn(roundedMin, 1);
-	}
-
-	if (roundedMax != null) {
-		roundedMax = incrRoundUp(roundedMax, 1);
-	}
-
-	return [roundedMin, roundedMax];
-}
-
 /**
  * Snaps log-scale [min, max] to exact powers of logBase (nearest magnitude below/above).
  * If min and max would be equal after snapping, max is increased by one magnitude so the range is valid.
@@ -330,7 +295,6 @@ export function createRangeFunction(
 
 		if (scale.distr === 1) {
 			minMax = getLinearScaleRange(minMax, params, dataMin, dataMax);
-			minMax = roundLinearRange(minMax);
 		} else if (scale.distr === 3) {
 			minMax = getLogScaleRange(minMax, params, dataMin, dataMax, logBase);
 			const logFn = scale.log === 2 ? Math.log2 : Math.log10;

frontend/src/types/api/dashboard/getAll.ts

@@ -81,13 +81,6 @@ export interface DashboardTemplate {
 	previewImage: string;
 }
 
-export const CROSS_PANEL_SYNC_OPTIONS = [
-	'NONE',
-	'CROSSHAIR',
-	'TOOLTIP',
-] as const;
-export type CrossPanelSync = typeof CROSS_PANEL_SYNC_OPTIONS[number];
-
 export interface DashboardData {
 	// uuid?: string;
 	description?: string;
@@ -100,7 +93,6 @@ export interface DashboardData {
 	variables: Record<string, IDashboardVariable>;
 	version?: string;
 	image?: string;
-	crossPanelSync?: CrossPanelSync;
 }
 
 export interface WidgetRow {

frontend/src/utils/round.ts

@@ -3,3 +3,33 @@
  * Example: 1.5 → 2, 1.49 → 1
  */
 export const roundHalfUp = (value: number): number => Math.floor(value + 0.5);
+
+/**
+ * Rounds a number down to the nearest multiple of incr.
+ * Used for linear scale min so the axis starts on a clean tick.
+ */
+export function incrRoundDn(num: number, incr: number): number {
+	return Math.floor(num / incr) * incr;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Rounds a number up to the nearest multiple of incr.
+ * Used for linear scale max so the axis ends on a clean tick.
+ */
+export function incrRoundUp(num: number, incr: number): number {
+	return Math.ceil(num / incr) * incr;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Rounds a number to the nearest multiple of 10^dec.
+ * Used for decimal precision.
+ */
+export function roundDecimals(val: number, dec = 0): number {
+	if (Number.isInteger(val)) {
+		return val;
+	}
+
+	const p = 10 ** dec;
+	const n = val * p * (1 + Number.EPSILON);
+	return Math.round(n) / p;
+}

pkg/flagger/registry.go

@@ -3,9 +3,8 @@ package flagger
 import "github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/featuretypes"
 
 var (
-	FeatureUseSpanMetrics       = featuretypes.MustNewName("use_span_metrics")
-	FeatureInterpolationEnabled = featuretypes.MustNewName("interpolation_enabled")
-	FeatureKafkaSpanEval        = featuretypes.MustNewName("kafka_span_eval")
+	FeatureUseSpanMetrics = featuretypes.MustNewName("use_span_metrics")
+	FeatureKafkaSpanEval  = featuretypes.MustNewName("kafka_span_eval")
 )
 
 func MustNewRegistry() featuretypes.Registry {
@@ -18,14 +17,6 @@ func MustNewRegistry() featuretypes.Registry {
 			DefaultVariant: featuretypes.MustNewName("disabled"),
 			Variants:       featuretypes.NewBooleanVariants(),
 		},
-		&featuretypes.Feature{
-			Name:           FeatureInterpolationEnabled,
-			Kind:           featuretypes.KindBoolean,
-			Stage:          featuretypes.StageExperimental,
-			Description:    "Controls whether to enable interpolation",
-			DefaultVariant: featuretypes.MustNewName("disabled"),
-			Variants:       featuretypes.NewBooleanVariants(),
-		},
 		&featuretypes.Feature{
 			Name:           FeatureKafkaSpanEval,
 			Kind:           featuretypes.KindBoolean,

pkg/modules/organization/implorganization/getter.go

@@ -30,3 +30,7 @@ func (module *getter) ListByOwnedKeyRange(ctx context.Context) ([]*types.Organiz
 
 	return module.store.ListByKeyRange(ctx, start, end)
 }
+
+func (module *getter) GetByName(ctx context.Context, name string) (*types.Organization, error) {
+	return module.store.GetByName(ctx, name)
+}

pkg/modules/organization/implorganization/store.go

@@ -47,6 +47,22 @@ func (store *store) Get(ctx context.Context, id valuer.UUID) (*types.Organizatio
 	return organization, nil
 }
 
+func (store *store) GetByName(ctx context.Context, name string) (*types.Organization, error) {
+	organization := new(types.Organization)
+	err := store.
+		sqlstore.
+		BunDB().
+		NewSelect().
+		Model(organization).
+		Where("name = ?", name).
+		Scan(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, store.sqlstore.WrapNotFoundErrf(err, types.ErrOrganizationNotFound, "organization with name %s does not exist", name)
+	}
+
+	return organization, nil
+}
+
 func (store *store) GetAll(ctx context.Context) ([]*types.Organization, error) {
 	organizations := make([]*types.Organization, 0)
 	err := store.

pkg/modules/organization/organization.go

@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ type Getter interface {
 
 	// ListByOwnedKeyRange gets all the organizations owned by the instance
 	ListByOwnedKeyRange(context.Context) ([]*types.Organization, error)
+
+	// Gets the organization by name
+	GetByName(context.Context, string) (*types.Organization, error)
 }
 
 type Setter interface {

pkg/modules/session/implsession/module.go

@@ -151,6 +151,10 @@ func (module *module) CreateCallbackAuthNSession(ctx context.Context, authNProvi
 		return "", err
 	}
 
+	if err := user.ErrIfRoot(); err != nil {
+		return "", errors.WithAdditionalf(err, "root user can only authenticate via password")
+	}
+
 	token, err := module.tokenizer.CreateToken(ctx, authtypes.NewIdentity(user.ID, user.OrgID, user.Email, user.Role), map[string]string{})
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err

pkg/modules/user/config.go

@@ -5,11 +5,26 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/factory"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/valuer"
 )
 
 type Config struct {
 	Password PasswordConfig `mapstructure:"password"`
+	Root     RootConfig     `mapstructure:"root"`
 }
+
+type RootConfig struct {
+	Enabled  bool         `mapstructure:"enabled"`
+	Email    valuer.Email `mapstructure:"email"`
+	Password string       `mapstructure:"password"`
+	Org      OrgConfig    `mapstructure:"org"`
+}
+
+type OrgConfig struct {
+	Name string `mapstructure:"name"`
+}
+
 type PasswordConfig struct {
 	Reset ResetConfig `mapstructure:"reset"`
 }
@@ -31,6 +46,12 @@ func newConfig() factory.Config {
 				MaxTokenLifetime: 6 * time.Hour,
 			},
 		},
+		Root: RootConfig{
+			Enabled: false,
+			Org: OrgConfig{
+				Name: "default",
+			},
+		},
 	}
 }
 
@@ -39,5 +60,17 @@ func (c Config) Validate() error {
 		return errors.New(errors.TypeInvalidInput, errors.CodeInvalidInput, "user::password::reset::max_token_lifetime must be positive")
 	}
 
+	if c.Root.Enabled {
+		if c.Root.Email.IsZero() {
+			return errors.New(errors.TypeInvalidInput, errors.CodeInvalidInput, "user::root::email is required when root user is enabled")
+		}
+		if c.Root.Password == "" {
+			return errors.New(errors.TypeInvalidInput, errors.CodeInvalidInput, "user::root::password is required when root user is enabled")
+		}
+		if !types.IsPasswordValid(c.Root.Password) {
+			return errors.New(errors.TypeInvalidInput, errors.CodeInvalidInput, "user::root::password does not meet password requirements")
+		}
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }

pkg/modules/user/impluser/getter.go

@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@ func NewGetter(store types.UserStore) user.Getter {
 	return &getter{store: store}
 }
 
+func (module *getter) GetRootUserByOrgID(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID) (*types.User, error) {
+	return module.store.GetRootUserByOrgID(ctx, orgID)
+}
+
 func (module *getter) ListByOrgID(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID) ([]*types.User, error) {
 	users, err := module.store.ListUsersByOrgID(ctx, orgID)
 	if err != nil {

pkg/modules/user/impluser/module.go

@@ -103,6 +103,12 @@ func (m *Module) CreateBulkInvite(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID, userID
 			return nil, err
 		}
 
+		if existingUser != nil {
+			if err := existingUser.ErrIfRoot(); err != nil {
+				return nil, errors.WithAdditionalf(err, "cannot send invite to root user")
+			}
+		}
+
 		if existingUser != nil {
 			return nil, errors.New(errors.TypeAlreadyExists, errors.CodeAlreadyExists, "User already exists with the same email")
 		}
@@ -202,27 +208,21 @@ func (m *Module) UpdateUser(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID, id string, u
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	if err := existingUser.ErrIfRoot(); err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.WithAdditionalf(err, "cannot update root user")
+	}
+
 	requestor, err := m.store.GetUser(ctx, valuer.MustNewUUID(updatedBy))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	// only displayName, role can be updated
-	if user.DisplayName == "" {
-		user.DisplayName = existingUser.DisplayName
-	}
-
-	if user.Role == "" {
-		user.Role = existingUser.Role
-	}
-
-	if user.Role != existingUser.Role && requestor.Role != types.RoleAdmin {
+	if user.Role != "" && user.Role != existingUser.Role && requestor.Role != types.RoleAdmin {
 		return nil, errors.New(errors.TypeForbidden, errors.CodeForbidden, "only admins can change roles")
 	}
 
-	// Make sure that th e request is not demoting the last admin user.
-	// also an admin user can only change role of their own or other user
-	if user.Role != existingUser.Role && existingUser.Role == types.RoleAdmin {
+	// Make sure that the request is not demoting the last admin user.
+	if user.Role != "" && user.Role != existingUser.Role && existingUser.Role == types.RoleAdmin {
 		adminUsers, err := m.store.GetUsersByRoleAndOrgID(ctx, types.RoleAdmin, orgID)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ func (m *Module) UpdateUser(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID, id string, u
 		}
 	}
 
-	if user.Role != existingUser.Role {
+	if user.Role != "" && user.Role != existingUser.Role {
 		err = m.authz.ModifyGrant(ctx,
 			orgID,
 			roletypes.MustGetSigNozManagedRoleFromExistingRole(existingUser.Role),
@@ -245,23 +245,28 @@ func (m *Module) UpdateUser(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID, id string, u
 		}
 	}
 
-	user.UpdatedAt = time.Now()
-	updatedUser, err := m.store.UpdateUser(ctx, orgID, id, user)
-	if err != nil {
+	existingUser.Update(user.DisplayName, user.Role)
+	if err := m.UpdateAnyUser(ctx, orgID, existingUser); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	traits := types.NewTraitsFromUser(updatedUser)
-	m.analytics.IdentifyUser(ctx, user.OrgID.String(), user.ID.String(), traits)
+	return existingUser, nil
+}
 
-	traits["updated_by"] = updatedBy
-	m.analytics.TrackUser(ctx, user.OrgID.String(), user.ID.String(), "User Updated", traits)
-
-	if err := m.tokenizer.DeleteIdentity(ctx, valuer.MustNewUUID(id)); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+func (module *Module) UpdateAnyUser(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID, user *types.User) error {
+	if err := module.store.UpdateUser(ctx, orgID, user); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
-	return updatedUser, nil
+	traits := types.NewTraitsFromUser(user)
+	module.analytics.IdentifyUser(ctx, user.OrgID.String(), user.ID.String(), traits)
+	module.analytics.TrackUser(ctx, user.OrgID.String(), user.ID.String(), "User Updated", traits)
+
+	if err := module.tokenizer.DeleteIdentity(ctx, user.ID); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (module *Module) DeleteUser(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID, id string, deletedBy string) error {
@@ -270,6 +275,10 @@ func (module *Module) DeleteUser(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID, id stri
 		return err
 	}
 
+	if err := user.ErrIfRoot(); err != nil {
+		return errors.WithAdditionalf(err, "cannot delete root user")
+	}
+
 	if slices.Contains(types.AllIntegrationUserEmails, types.IntegrationUserEmail(user.Email.String())) {
 		return errors.New(errors.TypeForbidden, errors.CodeForbidden, "integration user cannot be deleted")
 	}
@@ -302,6 +311,15 @@ func (module *Module) DeleteUser(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID, id stri
 }
 
 func (module *Module) GetOrCreateResetPasswordToken(ctx context.Context, userID valuer.UUID) (*types.ResetPasswordToken, error) {
+	user, err := module.store.GetUser(ctx, userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if err := user.ErrIfRoot(); err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.WithAdditionalf(err, "cannot reset password for root user")
+	}
+
 	password, err := module.store.GetPasswordByUserID(ctx, userID)
 	if err != nil {
 		if !errors.Ast(err, errors.TypeNotFound) {
@@ -364,6 +382,10 @@ func (module *Module) ForgotPassword(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID, ema
 		return err
 	}
 
+	if err := user.ErrIfRoot(); err != nil {
+		return errors.WithAdditionalf(err, "cannot reset password for root user")
+	}
+
 	token, err := module.GetOrCreateResetPasswordToken(ctx, user.ID)
 	if err != nil {
 		module.settings.Logger().ErrorContext(ctx, "failed to create reset password token", "error", err)
@@ -407,6 +429,15 @@ func (module *Module) UpdatePasswordByResetPasswordToken(ctx context.Context, to
 		return err
 	}
 
+	user, err := module.store.GetUser(ctx, valuer.MustNewUUID(password.UserID))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := user.ErrIfRoot(); err != nil {
+		return errors.WithAdditionalf(err, "cannot reset password for root user")
+	}
+
 	if err := password.Update(passwd); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -415,6 +446,15 @@ func (module *Module) UpdatePasswordByResetPasswordToken(ctx context.Context, to
 }
 
 func (module *Module) UpdatePassword(ctx context.Context, userID valuer.UUID, oldpasswd string, passwd string) error {
+	user, err := module.store.GetUser(ctx, userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := user.ErrIfRoot(); err != nil {
+		return errors.WithAdditionalf(err, "cannot change password for root user")
+	}
+
 	password, err := module.store.GetPasswordByUserID(ctx, userID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -476,7 +516,7 @@ func (m *Module) RevokeAPIKey(ctx context.Context, id, removedByUserID valuer.UU
 }
 
 func (module *Module) CreateFirstUser(ctx context.Context, organization *types.Organization, name string, email valuer.Email, passwd string) (*types.User, error) {
-	user, err := types.NewUser(name, email, types.RoleAdmin, organization.ID)
+	user, err := types.NewRootUser(name, email, organization.ID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}

pkg/modules/user/impluser/service.go

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+package impluser
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/authz"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/factory"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/modules/organization"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/modules/user"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/authtypes"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/roletypes"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/valuer"
+)
+
+type service struct {
+	settings  factory.ScopedProviderSettings
+	store     types.UserStore
+	module    user.Module
+	orgGetter organization.Getter
+	authz     authz.AuthZ
+	config    user.RootConfig
+	stopC     chan struct{}
+}
+
+func NewService(
+	providerSettings factory.ProviderSettings,
+	store types.UserStore,
+	module user.Module,
+	orgGetter organization.Getter,
+	authz authz.AuthZ,
+	config user.RootConfig,
+) user.Service {
+	return &service{
+		settings:  factory.NewScopedProviderSettings(providerSettings, "go.signoz.io/pkg/modules/user"),
+		store:     store,
+		module:    module,
+		orgGetter: orgGetter,
+		authz:     authz,
+		config:    config,
+		stopC:     make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *service) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if !s.config.Enabled {
+		<-s.stopC
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(10 * time.Second)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	for {
+		err := s.reconcile(ctx)
+		if err == nil {
+			s.settings.Logger().InfoContext(ctx, "root user reconciliation completed successfully")
+			<-s.stopC
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		s.settings.Logger().WarnContext(ctx, "root user reconciliation failed, retrying", "error", err)
+
+		select {
+		case <-s.stopC:
+			return nil
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			continue
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *service) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
+	close(s.stopC)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *service) reconcile(ctx context.Context) error {
+	org, err := s.orgGetter.GetByName(ctx, s.config.Org.Name)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Ast(err, errors.TypeNotFound) {
+			newOrg := types.NewOrganization(s.config.Org.Name, s.config.Org.Name)
+			_, err := s.module.CreateFirstUser(ctx, newOrg, s.config.Email.String(), s.config.Email, s.config.Password)
+			return err
+		}
+
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return s.reconcileRootUser(ctx, org.ID)
+}
+
+func (s *service) reconcileRootUser(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID) error {
+	existingRoot, err := s.store.GetRootUserByOrgID(ctx, orgID)
+	if err != nil && !errors.Ast(err, errors.TypeNotFound) {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if existingRoot == nil {
+		return s.createOrPromoteRootUser(ctx, orgID)
+	}
+
+	return s.updateExistingRootUser(ctx, orgID, existingRoot)
+}
+
+func (s *service) createOrPromoteRootUser(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID) error {
+	existingUser, err := s.store.GetUserByEmailAndOrgID(ctx, s.config.Email, orgID)
+	if err != nil && !errors.Ast(err, errors.TypeNotFound) {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if existingUser != nil {
+		oldRole := existingUser.Role
+
+		existingUser.PromoteToRoot()
+		if err := s.module.UpdateAnyUser(ctx, orgID, existingUser); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if oldRole != types.RoleAdmin {
+			if err := s.authz.ModifyGrant(ctx,
+				orgID,
+				roletypes.MustGetSigNozManagedRoleFromExistingRole(oldRole),
+				roletypes.MustGetSigNozManagedRoleFromExistingRole(types.RoleAdmin),
+				authtypes.MustNewSubject(authtypes.TypeableUser, existingUser.ID.StringValue(), orgID, nil),
+			); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+
+		return s.setPassword(ctx, existingUser.ID)
+	}
+
+	// Create new root user
+	newUser, err := types.NewRootUser(s.config.Email.String(), s.config.Email, orgID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	factorPassword, err := types.NewFactorPassword(s.config.Password, newUser.ID.StringValue())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return s.module.CreateUser(ctx, newUser, user.WithFactorPassword(factorPassword))
+}
+
+func (s *service) updateExistingRootUser(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID, existingRoot *types.User) error {
+	existingRoot.PromoteToRoot()
+
+	if existingRoot.Email != s.config.Email {
+		existingRoot.UpdateEmail(s.config.Email)
+		if err := s.module.UpdateAnyUser(ctx, orgID, existingRoot); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return s.setPassword(ctx, existingRoot.ID)
+}
+
+func (s *service) setPassword(ctx context.Context, userID valuer.UUID) error {
+	password, err := s.store.GetPasswordByUserID(ctx, userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		if !errors.Ast(err, errors.TypeNotFound) {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		factorPassword, err := types.NewFactorPassword(s.config.Password, userID.StringValue())
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		return s.store.CreatePassword(ctx, factorPassword)
+	}
+
+	if !password.Equals(s.config.Password) {
+		if err := password.Update(s.config.Password); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		return s.store.UpdatePassword(ctx, password)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

pkg/modules/user/impluser/store.go

@@ -210,20 +210,24 @@ func (store *store) GetUsersByRoleAndOrgID(ctx context.Context, role types.Role,
 	return users, nil
 }
 
-func (store *store) UpdateUser(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID, id string, user *types.User) (*types.User, error) {
-	user.UpdatedAt = time.Now()
-	_, err := store.sqlstore.BunDB().NewUpdate().
+func (store *store) UpdateUser(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID, user *types.User) error {
+	_, err := store.
+		sqlstore.
+		BunDBCtx(ctx).
+		NewUpdate().
 		Model(user).
 		Column("display_name").
+		Column("email").
 		Column("role").
+		Column("is_root").
 		Column("updated_at").
-		Where("id = ?", id).
 		Where("org_id = ?", orgID).
+		Where("id = ?", user.ID).
 		Exec(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, store.sqlstore.WrapNotFoundErrf(err, types.ErrCodeUserNotFound, "user with id: %s does not exist in org: %s", id, orgID)
+		return store.sqlstore.WrapNotFoundErrf(err, types.ErrCodeUserNotFound, "user does not exist in org: %s", orgID)
 	}
-	return user, nil
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (store *store) ListUsersByOrgID(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID) ([]*types.GettableUser, error) {
@@ -602,6 +606,22 @@ func (store *store) RunInTx(ctx context.Context, cb func(ctx context.Context) er
 	})
 }
 
+func (store *store) GetRootUserByOrgID(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID) (*types.User, error) {
+	user := new(types.User)
+	err := store.
+		sqlstore.
+		BunDBCtx(ctx).
+		NewSelect().
+		Model(user).
+		Where("org_id = ?", orgID).
+		Where("is_root = ?", true).
+		Scan(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, store.sqlstore.WrapNotFoundErrf(err, types.ErrCodeUserNotFound, "root user for org %s not found", orgID)
+	}
+	return user, nil
+}
+
 func (store *store) ListUsersByEmailAndOrgIDs(ctx context.Context, email valuer.Email, orgIDs []valuer.UUID) ([]*types.User, error) {
 	users := []*types.User{}
 	err := store.

pkg/modules/user/service.go

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package user
+
+import "github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/factory"
+
+type Service interface {
+	factory.Service
+}

pkg/modules/user/user.go

@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ type Module interface {
 	ForgotPassword(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID, email valuer.Email, frontendBaseURL string) error
 
 	UpdateUser(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID, id string, user *types.User, updatedBy string) (*types.User, error)
+
+	// UpdateAnyUser updates a user and persists the changes to the database along with the analytics and identity deletion.
+	UpdateAnyUser(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID, user *types.User) error
 	DeleteUser(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID, id string, deletedBy string) error
 
 	// invite
@@ -54,6 +57,9 @@ type Module interface {
 }
 
 type Getter interface {
+	// Get root user by org id.
+	GetRootUserByOrgID(context.Context, valuer.UUID) (*types.User, error)
+
 	// Get gets the users based on the given id
 	ListByOrgID(context.Context, valuer.UUID) ([]*types.User, error)
 

pkg/query-service/app/http_handler.go

@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ type APIHandlerOpts struct {
 }
 
 // NewAPIHandler returns an APIHandler
-func NewAPIHandler(opts APIHandlerOpts) (*APIHandler, error) {
+func NewAPIHandler(opts APIHandlerOpts, config signoz.Config) (*APIHandler, error) {
 	querierOpts := querier.QuerierOptions{
 		Reader:       opts.Reader,
 		Cache:        opts.Signoz.Cache,
@@ -270,6 +270,11 @@ func NewAPIHandler(opts APIHandlerOpts) (*APIHandler, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	// If the root user is enabled, the setup is complete
+	if config.User.Root.Enabled {
+		aH.SetupCompleted = true
+	}
+
 	aH.Upgrader = &websocket.Upgrader{
 		CheckOrigin: func(r *http.Request) bool {
 			return true
@@ -2045,7 +2050,7 @@ func (aH *APIHandler) registerUser(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	organization := types.NewOrganization(req.OrgDisplayName)
+	organization := types.NewOrganization(req.OrgDisplayName, req.OrgName)
 	user, errv2 := aH.Signoz.Modules.User.CreateFirstUser(r.Context(), organization, req.Name, req.Email, req.Password)
 	if errv2 != nil {
 		render.Error(w, errv2)

pkg/query-service/app/server.go

@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ func NewServer(config signoz.Config, signoz *signoz.SigNoz) (*Server, error) {
 		Signoz:                        signoz,
 		QuerierAPI:                    querierAPI.NewAPI(signoz.Instrumentation.ToProviderSettings(), signoz.Querier, signoz.Analytics),
 		QueryParserAPI:                queryparser.NewAPI(signoz.Instrumentation.ToProviderSettings(), signoz.QueryParser),
-	})
+	}, config)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}

pkg/query-service/converter/converter.go

@@ -43,11 +43,11 @@ var (
 // FromUnit returns a converter for the given unit
 func FromUnit(u Unit) Converter {
 	switch u {
-	case "ns", "us", "µs", "ms", "s", "m", "h", "d", "min":
+	case "ns", "us", "µs", "ms", "s", "m", "h", "d", "min", "w", "wk":
 		return DurationConverter
-	case "bytes", "decbytes", "bits", "decbits", "kbytes", "decKbytes", "deckbytes", "mbytes", "decMbytes", "decmbytes", "gbytes", "decGbytes", "decgbytes", "tbytes", "decTbytes", "dectbytes", "pbytes", "decPbytes", "decpbytes", "By", "kBy", "MBy", "GBy", "TBy", "PBy":
+	case "bytes", "decbytes", "bits", "bit", "decbits", "kbytes", "decKbytes", "deckbytes", "mbytes", "decMbytes", "decmbytes", "gbytes", "decGbytes", "decgbytes", "tbytes", "decTbytes", "dectbytes", "pbytes", "decPbytes", "decpbytes", "By", "kBy", "MBy", "GBy", "TBy", "PBy", "EBy", "ZBy", "YBy", "KiBy", "MiBy", "GiBy", "TiBy", "PiBy", "EiBy", "ZiBy", "YiBy", "kbit", "Mbit", "Gbit", "Tbit", "Pbit", "Ebit", "Zbit", "Ybit", "Kibit", "Mibit", "Gibit", "Tibit", "Pibit":
 		return DataConverter
-	case "binBps", "Bps", "binbps", "bps", "KiBs", "Kibits", "KBs", "Kbits", "MiBs", "Mibits", "MBs", "Mbits", "GiBs", "Gibits", "GBs", "Gbits", "TiBs", "Tibits", "TBs", "Tbits", "PiBs", "Pibits", "PBs", "Pbits", "By/s", "kBy/s", "MBy/s", "GBy/s", "TBy/s", "PBy/s", "bit/s", "kbit/s", "Mbit/s", "Gbit/s", "Tbit/s", "Pbit/s":
+	case "binBps", "Bps", "binbps", "bps", "KiBs", "Kibits", "KBs", "Kbits", "MiBs", "Mibits", "MBs", "Mbits", "GiBs", "Gibits", "GBs", "Gbits", "TiBs", "Tibits", "TBs", "Tbits", "PiBs", "Pibits", "PBs", "Pbits", "By/s", "kBy/s", "MBy/s", "GBy/s", "TBy/s", "PBy/s", "EBy/s", "ZBy/s", "YBy/s", "bit/s", "kbit/s", "Mbit/s", "Gbit/s", "Tbit/s", "Pbit/s", "Ebit/s", "Zbit/s", "Ybit/s", "KiBy/s", "MiBy/s", "GiBy/s", "TiBy/s", "PiBy/s", "EiBy/s", "ZiBy/s", "YiBy/s", "Kibit/s", "Mibit/s", "Gibit/s", "Tibit/s", "Pibit/s", "Eibit/s", "Zibit/s", "Yibit/s":
 		return DataRateConverter
 	case "percent", "percentunit", "%":
 		return PercentConverter

pkg/query-service/converter/data.go

@@ -58,36 +58,80 @@ func (*dataConverter) Name() string {
 	return "data"
 }
 
+// Notation followed by UCUM:
+// https://ucum.org/ucum
+// kibi = Ki, mebi = Mi, gibi = Gi, tebi = Ti, pibi = Pi
+// kilo = k, mega = M, giga = G, tera = T, peta = P
+// exa = E, zetta = Z, yotta = Y
+// byte = By, bit = bit
 func FromDataUnit(u Unit) float64 {
 	switch u {
 	case "bytes", "By": // base 2
 		return Byte
 	case "decbytes": // base 10
 		return Byte
-	case "bits": // base 2
+	case "bits", "bit": // base 2
 		return Bit
 	case "decbits": // base 10
 		return Bit
-	case "kbytes", "kBy": // base 2
+	case "kbytes", "KiBy": // base 2
 		return Kibibyte
-	case "decKbytes", "deckbytes": // base 10
+	case "decKbytes", "deckbytes", "kBy": // base 10
 		return Kilobyte
-	case "mbytes", "MBy": // base 2
+	case "mbytes", "MiBy": // base 2
 		return Mebibyte
-	case "decMbytes", "decmbytes": // base 10
+	case "decMbytes", "decmbytes", "MBy": // base 10
 		return Megabyte
-	case "gbytes", "GBy": // base 2
+	case "gbytes", "GiBy": // base 2
 		return Gibibyte
-	case "decGbytes", "decgbytes": // base 10
+	case "decGbytes", "decgbytes", "GBy": // base 10
 		return Gigabyte
-	case "tbytes", "TBy": // base 2
+	case "tbytes", "TiBy": // base 2
 		return Tebibyte
-	case "decTbytes", "dectbytes": // base 10
+	case "decTbytes", "dectbytes", "TBy": // base 10
 		return Terabyte
-	case "pbytes", "PBy": // base 2
+	case "pbytes", "PiBy": // base 2
 		return Pebibyte
-	case "decPbytes", "decpbytes": // base 10
+	case "decPbytes", "decpbytes", "PBy": // base 10
 		return Petabyte
+	case "EBy": // base 10
+		return Exabyte
+	case "ZBy": // base 10
+		return Zettabyte
+	case "YBy": // base 10
+		return Yottabyte
+	case "Kibit": // base 2
+		return Kibibit
+	case "Mibit": // base 2
+		return Mebibit
+	case "Gibit": // base 2
+		return Gibibit
+	case "Tibit": // base 2
+		return Tebibit
+	case "Pibit": // base 2
+		return Pebibit
+	case "EiBy": // base 2
+		return Exbibyte
+	case "ZiBy": // base 2
+		return Zebibyte
+	case "YiBy": // base 2
+		return Yobibyte
+	case "kbit": // base 10
+		return Kilobit
+	case "Mbit": // base 10
+		return Megabit
+	case "Gbit": // base 10
+		return Gigabit
+	case "Tbit": // base 10
+		return Terabit
+	case "Pbit": // base 10
+		return Petabit
+	case "Ebit": // base 10
+		return Exabit
+	case "Zbit": // base 10
+		return Zettabit
+	case "Ybit": // base 10
+		return Yottabit
 	default:
 		return 1
 	}

pkg/query-service/converter/data_rate.go

@@ -54,6 +54,12 @@ func (*dataRateConverter) Name() string {
 	return "data_rate"
 }
 
+// Notation followed by UCUM:
+// https://ucum.org/ucum
+// kibi = Ki, mebi = Mi, gibi = Gi, tebi = Ti, pibi = Pi
+// kilo = k, mega = M, giga = G, tera = T, peta = P
+// exa = E, zetta = Z, yotta = Y
+// byte = By, bit = bit
 func FromDataRateUnit(u Unit) float64 {
 	// See https://github.com/SigNoz/signoz/blob/5a81f5f90b34845f5b4b3bdd46acf29d04bf3987/frontend/src/container/NewWidget/RightContainer/dataFormatCategories.ts#L62-L85
 	switch u {
@@ -65,46 +71,70 @@ func FromDataRateUnit(u Unit) float64 {
 		return BitPerSecond
 	case "bps", "bit/s": // bits/sec(SI)
 		return BitPerSecond
-	case "KiBs": // kibibytes/sec
+	case "KiBs", "KiBy/s": // kibibytes/sec
 		return KibibytePerSecond
-	case "Kibits": // kibibits/sec
+	case "Kibits", "Kibit/s": // kibibits/sec
 		return KibibitPerSecond
 	case "KBs", "kBy/s": // kilobytes/sec
 		return KilobytePerSecond
 	case "Kbits", "kbit/s": // kilobits/sec
 		return KilobitPerSecond
-	case "MiBs": // mebibytes/sec
+	case "MiBs", "MiBy/s": // mebibytes/sec
 		return MebibytePerSecond
-	case "Mibits": // mebibits/sec
+	case "Mibits", "Mibit/s": // mebibits/sec
 		return MebibitPerSecond
 	case "MBs", "MBy/s": // megabytes/sec
 		return MegabytePerSecond
 	case "Mbits", "Mbit/s": // megabits/sec
 		return MegabitPerSecond
-	case "GiBs": // gibibytes/sec
+	case "GiBs", "GiBy/s": // gibibytes/sec
 		return GibibytePerSecond
-	case "Gibits": // gibibits/sec
+	case "Gibits", "Gibit/s": // gibibits/sec
 		return GibibitPerSecond
 	case "GBs", "GBy/s": // gigabytes/sec
 		return GigabytePerSecond
 	case "Gbits", "Gbit/s": // gigabits/sec
 		return GigabitPerSecond
-	case "TiBs": // tebibytes/sec
+	case "TiBs", "TiBy/s": // tebibytes/sec
 		return TebibytePerSecond
-	case "Tibits": // tebibits/sec
+	case "Tibits", "Tibit/s": // tebibits/sec
 		return TebibitPerSecond
 	case "TBs", "TBy/s": // terabytes/sec
 		return TerabytePerSecond
 	case "Tbits", "Tbit/s": // terabits/sec
 		return TerabitPerSecond
-	case "PiBs": // pebibytes/sec
+	case "PiBs", "PiBy/s": // pebibytes/sec
 		return PebibytePerSecond
-	case "Pibits": // pebibits/sec
+	case "Pibits", "Pibit/s": // pebibits/sec
 		return PebibitPerSecond
 	case "PBs", "PBy/s": // petabytes/sec
 		return PetabytePerSecond
 	case "Pbits", "Pbit/s": // petabits/sec
 		return PetabitPerSecond
+	case "EBy/s": // exabytes/sec
+		return ExabytePerSecond
+	case "Ebit/s": // exabits/sec
+		return ExabitPerSecond
+	case "EiBy/s": // exbibytes/sec
+		return ExbibytePerSecond
+	case "Eibit/s": // exbibits/sec
+		return ExbibitPerSecond
+	case "ZBy/s": // zettabytes/sec
+		return ZettabytePerSecond
+	case "Zbit/s": // zettabits/sec
+		return ZettabitPerSecond
+	case "ZiBy/s": // zebibytes/sec
+		return ZebibytePerSecond
+	case "Zibit/s": // zebibits/sec
+		return ZebibitPerSecond
+	case "YBy/s": // yottabytes/sec
+		return YottabytePerSecond
+	case "Ybit/s": // yottabits/sec
+		return YottabitPerSecond
+	case "YiBy/s": // yobibytes/sec
+		return YobibytePerSecond
+	case "Yibit/s": // yobibits/sec
+		return YobibitPerSecond
 	default:
 		return 1
 	}

pkg/query-service/converter/data_rate_test.go

@@ -75,3 +75,83 @@ func TestDataRate(t *testing.T) {
 	// 1024 * 1024 * 1024 bytes = 1 gbytes
 	assert.Equal(t, Value{F: 1, U: "GiBs"}, dataRateConverter.Convert(Value{F: 1024 * 1024 * 1024, U: "binBps"}, "GiBs"))
 }
+
+func TestDataRateConversionUCUMUnit(t *testing.T) {
+	dataRateConverter := NewDataRateConverter()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		input    Value
+		toUnit   Unit
+		expected Value
+	}{
+		// Binary byte scaling
+		{name: "Binary byte scaling: 1024 By/s = 1 KiBy/s", input: Value{F: 1024, U: "By/s"}, toUnit: "KiBy/s", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "KiBy/s"}},
+		{name: "Kibibyte to bytes: 1 KiBy/s = 1024 By/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "KiBy/s"}, toUnit: "By/s", expected: Value{F: 1024, U: "By/s"}},
+		{name: "Binary byte scaling: 1024 KiBy/s = 1 MiBy/s", input: Value{F: 1024, U: "KiBy/s"}, toUnit: "MiBy/s", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "MiBy/s"}},
+		{name: "Gibibyte to bytes: 1 GiBy/s = 1073741824 By/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "GiBy/s"}, toUnit: "By/s", expected: Value{F: 1024 * 1024 * 1024, U: "By/s"}},
+		{name: "Binary byte scaling: 1024 MiBy/s = 1 GiBy/s", input: Value{F: 1024, U: "MiBy/s"}, toUnit: "GiBy/s", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "GiBy/s"}},
+		{name: "Gibibyte to mebibyte: 1 GiBy/s = 1024 MiBy/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "GiBy/s"}, toUnit: "MiBy/s", expected: Value{F: 1024, U: "MiBy/s"}},
+		{name: "Binary byte scaling: 1024 GiBy/s = 1 TiBy/s", input: Value{F: 1024, U: "GiBy/s"}, toUnit: "TiBy/s", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "TiBy/s"}},
+		{name: "Tebibyte to bytes: 1 TiBy/s = 1099511627776 By/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "TiBy/s"}, toUnit: "By/s", expected: Value{F: 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024, U: "By/s"}},
+		{name: "Binary byte scaling: 1024 TiBy/s = 1 PiBy/s", input: Value{F: 1024, U: "TiBy/s"}, toUnit: "PiBy/s", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "PiBy/s"}},
+		{name: "Pebibyte to tebibyte: 1 PiBy/s = 1024 TiBy/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "PiBy/s"}, toUnit: "TiBy/s", expected: Value{F: 1024, U: "TiBy/s"}},
+		// Binary bit scaling
+		{name: "Binary bit scaling: 1024 bit/s = 1 Kibit/s", input: Value{F: 1024, U: "bit/s"}, toUnit: "Kibit/s", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "Kibit/s"}},
+		{name: "Kibibit to bits: 1 Kibit/s = 1024 bit/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "Kibit/s"}, toUnit: "bit/s", expected: Value{F: 1024, U: "bit/s"}},
+		{name: "Binary bit scaling: 1024 Kibit/s = 1 Mibit/s", input: Value{F: 1024, U: "Kibit/s"}, toUnit: "Mibit/s", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "Mibit/s"}},
+		{name: "Gibibit to bits: 1 Gibit/s = 1073741824 bit/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "Gibit/s"}, toUnit: "bit/s", expected: Value{F: 1024 * 1024 * 1024, U: "bit/s"}},
+		{name: "Binary bit scaling: 1024 Mibit/s = 1 Gibit/s", input: Value{F: 1024, U: "Mibit/s"}, toUnit: "Gibit/s", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "Gibit/s"}},
+		{name: "Gibibit to mebibit: 1 Gibit/s = 1024 Mibit/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "Gibit/s"}, toUnit: "Mibit/s", expected: Value{F: 1024, U: "Mibit/s"}},
+		{name: "Binary bit scaling: 1024 Gibit/s = 1 Tibit/s", input: Value{F: 1024, U: "Gibit/s"}, toUnit: "Tibit/s", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "Tibit/s"}},
+		{name: "Tebibit to gibibit: 1 Tibit/s = 1024 Gibit/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "Tibit/s"}, toUnit: "Gibit/s", expected: Value{F: 1024, U: "Gibit/s"}},
+		{name: "Binary bit scaling: 1024 Tibit/s = 1 Pibit/s", input: Value{F: 1024, U: "Tibit/s"}, toUnit: "Pibit/s", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "Pibit/s"}},
+		{name: "Pebibit to tebibit: 1 Pibit/s = 1024 Tibit/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "Pibit/s"}, toUnit: "Tibit/s", expected: Value{F: 1024, U: "Tibit/s"}},
+		// Bytes to bits
+		{name: "Bytes to bits: 1 KiBy/s = 8 Kibit/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "KiBy/s"}, toUnit: "Kibit/s", expected: Value{F: 8, U: "Kibit/s"}},
+		{name: "Bytes to bits: 1 MiBy/s = 8 Mibit/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "MiBy/s"}, toUnit: "Mibit/s", expected: Value{F: 8, U: "Mibit/s"}},
+		{name: "Bytes to bits: 1 GiBy/s = 8 Gibit/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "GiBy/s"}, toUnit: "Gibit/s", expected: Value{F: 8, U: "Gibit/s"}},
+		// Unit alias
+		{name: "Unit alias: 1 KiBs = 1 KiBy/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "KiBs"}, toUnit: "KiBy/s", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "KiBy/s"}},
+		{name: "Unit alias: 1 Kibits = 1 Kibit/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "Kibits"}, toUnit: "Kibit/s", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "Kibit/s"}},
+		// SI byte scaling (Exa, Zetta, Yotta)
+		{name: "SI byte scaling: 1000 PBy/s = 1 EBy/s", input: Value{F: 1000, U: "PBy/s"}, toUnit: "EBy/s", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "EBy/s"}},
+		{name: "Exabyte to bytes: 1 EBy/s = 1e18 By/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "EBy/s"}, toUnit: "By/s", expected: Value{F: 1e18, U: "By/s"}},
+		{name: "SI byte scaling: 1000 EBy/s = 1 ZBy/s", input: Value{F: 1000, U: "EBy/s"}, toUnit: "ZBy/s", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "ZBy/s"}},
+		{name: "Zettabyte to petabytes: 1 ZBy/s = 1000000 PBy/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "ZBy/s"}, toUnit: "PBy/s", expected: Value{F: 1e6, U: "PBy/s"}},
+		{name: "SI byte scaling: 1000 ZBy/s = 1 YBy/s", input: Value{F: 1000, U: "ZBy/s"}, toUnit: "YBy/s", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "YBy/s"}},
+		{name: "Yottabyte to zettabyte: 1 YBy/s = 1000 ZBy/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "YBy/s"}, toUnit: "ZBy/s", expected: Value{F: 1000, U: "ZBy/s"}},
+		// Binary byte scaling (Exbi, Zebi, Yobi)
+		{name: "Binary byte scaling: 1024 PiBy/s = 1 EiBy/s", input: Value{F: 1024, U: "PiBy/s"}, toUnit: "EiBy/s", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "EiBy/s"}},
+		{name: "Exbibyte to tebibytes: 1 EiBy/s = 1048576 TiBy/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "EiBy/s"}, toUnit: "TiBy/s", expected: Value{F: 1024 * 1024, U: "TiBy/s"}},
+		{name: "Binary byte scaling: 1024 EiBy/s = 1 ZiBy/s", input: Value{F: 1024, U: "EiBy/s"}, toUnit: "ZiBy/s", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "ZiBy/s"}},
+		{name: "Zebibyte to exbibyte: 1 ZiBy/s = 1024 EiBy/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "ZiBy/s"}, toUnit: "EiBy/s", expected: Value{F: 1024, U: "EiBy/s"}},
+		{name: "Binary byte scaling: 1024 ZiBy/s = 1 YiBy/s", input: Value{F: 1024, U: "ZiBy/s"}, toUnit: "YiBy/s", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "YiBy/s"}},
+		{name: "Yobibyte to zebibyte: 1 YiBy/s = 1024 ZiBy/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "YiBy/s"}, toUnit: "ZiBy/s", expected: Value{F: 1024, U: "ZiBy/s"}},
+		// SI bit scaling (Exa, Zetta, Yotta)
+		{name: "SI bit scaling: 1000 Pbit/s = 1 Ebit/s", input: Value{F: 1000, U: "Pbit/s"}, toUnit: "Ebit/s", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "Ebit/s"}},
+		{name: "Exabit to gigabits: 1 Ebit/s = 1e9 Gbit/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "Ebit/s"}, toUnit: "Gbit/s", expected: Value{F: 1e9, U: "Gbit/s"}},
+		{name: "SI bit scaling: 1000 Ebit/s = 1 Zbit/s", input: Value{F: 1000, U: "Ebit/s"}, toUnit: "Zbit/s", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "Zbit/s"}},
+		{name: "Zettabit to exabit: 1 Zbit/s = 1000 Ebit/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "Zbit/s"}, toUnit: "Ebit/s", expected: Value{F: 1000, U: "Ebit/s"}},
+		{name: "SI bit scaling: 1000 Zbit/s = 1 Ybit/s", input: Value{F: 1000, U: "Zbit/s"}, toUnit: "Ybit/s", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "Ybit/s"}},
+		{name: "Yottabit to zettabit: 1 Ybit/s = 1000 Zbit/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "Ybit/s"}, toUnit: "Zbit/s", expected: Value{F: 1000, U: "Zbit/s"}},
+		// Binary bit scaling (Exbi, Zebi, Yobi)
+		{name: "Binary bit scaling: 1024 Pibit/s = 1 Eibit/s", input: Value{F: 1024, U: "Pibit/s"}, toUnit: "Eibit/s", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "Eibit/s"}},
+		{name: "Exbibit to pebibit: 1 Eibit/s = 1024 Pibit/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "Eibit/s"}, toUnit: "Pibit/s", expected: Value{F: 1024, U: "Pibit/s"}},
+		{name: "Binary bit scaling: 1024 Eibit/s = 1 Zibit/s", input: Value{F: 1024, U: "Eibit/s"}, toUnit: "Zibit/s", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "Zibit/s"}},
+		{name: "Zebibit to exbibit: 1 Zibit/s = 1024 Eibit/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "Zibit/s"}, toUnit: "Eibit/s", expected: Value{F: 1024, U: "Eibit/s"}},
+		{name: "Binary bit scaling: 1024 Zibit/s = 1 Yibit/s", input: Value{F: 1024, U: "Zibit/s"}, toUnit: "Yibit/s", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "Yibit/s"}},
+		{name: "Yobibit to zebibit: 1 Yibit/s = 1024 Zibit/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "Yibit/s"}, toUnit: "Zibit/s", expected: Value{F: 1024, U: "Zibit/s"}},
+		// Bytes to bits (Exbi, Zebi, Yobi)
+		{name: "Bytes to bits: 1 EiBy/s = 8 Eibit/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "EiBy/s"}, toUnit: "Eibit/s", expected: Value{F: 8, U: "Eibit/s"}},
+		{name: "Bytes to bits: 1 ZiBy/s = 8 Zibit/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "ZiBy/s"}, toUnit: "Zibit/s", expected: Value{F: 8, U: "Zibit/s"}},
+		{name: "Bytes to bits: 1 YiBy/s = 8 Yibit/s", input: Value{F: 1, U: "YiBy/s"}, toUnit: "Yibit/s", expected: Value{F: 8, U: "Yibit/s"}},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := dataRateConverter.Convert(tt.input, tt.toUnit)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, got)
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/query-service/converter/data_test.go

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ func TestData(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, Value{F: 1, U: "By"}, dataConverter.Convert(Value{F: 8, U: "bits"}, "By"))
 	// 1024 bytes = 1 kbytes
 	assert.Equal(t, Value{F: 1, U: "kbytes"}, dataConverter.Convert(Value{F: 1024, U: "bytes"}, "kbytes"))
-	assert.Equal(t, Value{F: 1, U: "kBy"}, dataConverter.Convert(Value{F: 1024, U: "bytes"}, "kBy"))
+	assert.Equal(t, Value{F: 1, U: "kBy"}, dataConverter.Convert(Value{F: 1000, U: "bytes"}, "kBy"))
 	// 1 byte = 8 bits
 	assert.Equal(t, Value{F: 8, U: "bits"}, dataConverter.Convert(Value{F: 1, U: "bytes"}, "bits"))
 	// 1 mbytes = 1024 kbytes
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ func TestData(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, Value{F: 1024, U: "bytes"}, dataConverter.Convert(Value{F: 1, U: "kbytes"}, "bytes"))
 	// 1024 kbytes = 1 mbytes
 	assert.Equal(t, Value{F: 1, U: "mbytes"}, dataConverter.Convert(Value{F: 1024, U: "kbytes"}, "mbytes"))
-	assert.Equal(t, Value{F: 1, U: "MBy"}, dataConverter.Convert(Value{F: 1024, U: "kbytes"}, "MBy"))
+	assert.Equal(t, Value{F: 1, U: "MBy"}, dataConverter.Convert(Value{F: 1000, U: "kBy"}, "MBy"))
 	// 1 mbytes = 1024 * 1024 bytes
 	assert.Equal(t, Value{F: 1024 * 1024, U: "bytes"}, dataConverter.Convert(Value{F: 1, U: "mbytes"}, "bytes"))
 	// 1024 mbytes = 1 gbytes
@@ -45,10 +45,90 @@ func TestData(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, Value{F: 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024, U: "bytes"}, dataConverter.Convert(Value{F: 1, U: "tbytes"}, "bytes"))
 	// 1024 tbytes = 1 pbytes
 	assert.Equal(t, Value{F: 1, U: "pbytes"}, dataConverter.Convert(Value{F: 1024, U: "tbytes"}, "pbytes"))
-	// 1024 tbytes = 1 pbytes
-	assert.Equal(t, Value{F: 1, U: "PBy"}, dataConverter.Convert(Value{F: 1024, U: "tbytes"}, "PBy"))
+	// 1024 tbytes = 1 PiBy
+	assert.Equal(t, Value{F: 1, U: "PiBy"}, dataConverter.Convert(Value{F: 1024, U: "tbytes"}, "PiBy"))
 	// 1 pbytes = 1024 tbytes
 	assert.Equal(t, Value{F: 1024, U: "tbytes"}, dataConverter.Convert(Value{F: 1, U: "pbytes"}, "tbytes"))
-	// 1024 pbytes = 1 tbytes
-	assert.Equal(t, Value{F: 1024, U: "TBy"}, dataConverter.Convert(Value{F: 1, U: "pbytes"}, "TBy"))
+	// 1024 TiBy = 1 pbytes
+	assert.Equal(t, Value{F: 1024, U: "TiBy"}, dataConverter.Convert(Value{F: 1, U: "pbytes"}, "TiBy"))
+}
+
+func TestDataConversionUCUMUnit(t *testing.T) {
+	dataConverter := NewDataConverter()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		input    Value
+		toUnit   Unit
+		expected Value
+	}{
+		// Bits to bytes
+		{name: "Bits to bytes: 8 bit = 1 By", input: Value{F: 8, U: "bit"}, toUnit: "By", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "By"}},
+		{name: "Byte to bits: 1 By = 8 bit", input: Value{F: 1, U: "By"}, toUnit: "bit", expected: Value{F: 8, U: "bit"}},
+		// Binary byte scaling
+		{name: "Binary byte scaling: 1024 By = 1 KiBy", input: Value{F: 1024, U: "By"}, toUnit: "KiBy", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "KiBy"}},
+		{name: "Kibibyte to bytes: 1 KiBy = 1024 By", input: Value{F: 1, U: "KiBy"}, toUnit: "By", expected: Value{F: 1024, U: "By"}},
+		{name: "Binary byte scaling: 1024 KiBy = 1 MiBy", input: Value{F: 1024, U: "KiBy"}, toUnit: "MiBy", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "MiBy"}},
+		{name: "Binary byte scaling: 1024 MiBy = 1 GiBy", input: Value{F: 1024, U: "MiBy"}, toUnit: "GiBy", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "GiBy"}},
+		{name: "Gibibyte to mebibyte: 1 GiBy = 1024 MiBy", input: Value{F: 1, U: "GiBy"}, toUnit: "MiBy", expected: Value{F: 1024, U: "MiBy"}},
+		{name: "Binary byte scaling: 1024 GiBy = 1 TiBy", input: Value{F: 1024, U: "GiBy"}, toUnit: "TiBy", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "TiBy"}},
+		{name: "Binary byte scaling: 1024 TiBy = 1 PiBy", input: Value{F: 1024, U: "TiBy"}, toUnit: "PiBy", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "PiBy"}},
+		{name: "Pebibyte to tebibyte: 1 PiBy = 1024 TiBy", input: Value{F: 1, U: "PiBy"}, toUnit: "TiBy", expected: Value{F: 1024, U: "TiBy"}},
+		{name: "Gibibyte to bytes: 1 GiBy = 1073741824 By", input: Value{F: 1, U: "GiBy"}, toUnit: "By", expected: Value{F: 1024 * 1024 * 1024, U: "By"}},
+		{name: "Tebibyte to bytes: 1 TiBy = 1099511627776 By", input: Value{F: 1, U: "TiBy"}, toUnit: "By", expected: Value{F: 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024, U: "By"}},
+		// SI bit scaling
+		{name: "SI bit scaling: 1000 bit = 1 kbit", input: Value{F: 1000, U: "bit"}, toUnit: "kbit", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "kbit"}},
+		{name: "Kilobit to bits: 1 kbit = 1000 bit", input: Value{F: 1, U: "kbit"}, toUnit: "bit", expected: Value{F: 1000, U: "bit"}},
+		{name: "SI bit scaling: 1000 kbit = 1 Mbit", input: Value{F: 1000, U: "kbit"}, toUnit: "Mbit", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "Mbit"}},
+		{name: "Gigabit to bits: 1 Gbit = 1000000000 bit", input: Value{F: 1, U: "Gbit"}, toUnit: "bit", expected: Value{F: 1000 * 1000 * 1000, U: "bit"}},
+		{name: "SI bit scaling: 1000 Mbit = 1 Gbit", input: Value{F: 1000, U: "Mbit"}, toUnit: "Gbit", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "Gbit"}},
+		{name: "Gigabit to megabit: 1 Gbit = 1000 Mbit", input: Value{F: 1, U: "Gbit"}, toUnit: "Mbit", expected: Value{F: 1000, U: "Mbit"}},
+		{name: "SI bit scaling: 1000 Gbit = 1 Tbit", input: Value{F: 1000, U: "Gbit"}, toUnit: "Tbit", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "Tbit"}},
+		{name: "Terabit to gigabit: 1 Tbit = 1000 Gbit", input: Value{F: 1, U: "Tbit"}, toUnit: "Gbit", expected: Value{F: 1000, U: "Gbit"}},
+		{name: "SI bit scaling: 1000 Tbit = 1 Pbit", input: Value{F: 1000, U: "Tbit"}, toUnit: "Pbit", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "Pbit"}},
+		{name: "Petabit to terabit: 1 Pbit = 1000 Tbit", input: Value{F: 1, U: "Pbit"}, toUnit: "Tbit", expected: Value{F: 1000, U: "Tbit"}},
+		// Binary bit scaling
+		{name: "Binary bit scaling: 1024 bit = 1 Kibit", input: Value{F: 1024, U: "bit"}, toUnit: "Kibit", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "Kibit"}},
+		{name: "Kibibit to bits: 1 Kibit = 1024 bit", input: Value{F: 1, U: "Kibit"}, toUnit: "bit", expected: Value{F: 1024, U: "bit"}},
+		{name: "Binary bit scaling: 1024 Kibit = 1 Mibit", input: Value{F: 1024, U: "Kibit"}, toUnit: "Mibit", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "Mibit"}},
+		{name: "Mebibit to kibibit: 1 Mibit = 1024 Kibit", input: Value{F: 1, U: "Mibit"}, toUnit: "Kibit", expected: Value{F: 1024, U: "Kibit"}},
+		{name: "Binary bit scaling: 1024 Mibit = 1 Gibit", input: Value{F: 1024, U: "Mibit"}, toUnit: "Gibit", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "Gibit"}},
+		{name: "Gibibit to mebibit: 1 Gibit = 1024 Mibit", input: Value{F: 1, U: "Gibit"}, toUnit: "Mibit", expected: Value{F: 1024, U: "Mibit"}},
+		{name: "Binary bit scaling: 1024 Gibit = 1 Tibit", input: Value{F: 1024, U: "Gibit"}, toUnit: "Tibit", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "Tibit"}},
+		{name: "Tebibit to gibibit: 1 Tibit = 1024 Gibit", input: Value{F: 1, U: "Tibit"}, toUnit: "Gibit", expected: Value{F: 1024, U: "Gibit"}},
+		{name: "Binary bit scaling: 1024 Tibit = 1 Pibit", input: Value{F: 1024, U: "Tibit"}, toUnit: "Pibit", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "Pibit"}},
+		{name: "Pebibit to tebibit: 1 Pibit = 1024 Tibit", input: Value{F: 1, U: "Pibit"}, toUnit: "Tibit", expected: Value{F: 1024, U: "Tibit"}},
+		// Bytes to bits
+		{name: "Bytes to bits: 1 KiBy = 8 Kibit", input: Value{F: 1, U: "KiBy"}, toUnit: "Kibit", expected: Value{F: 8, U: "Kibit"}},
+		{name: "Bytes to bits: 1 MiBy = 8 Mibit", input: Value{F: 1, U: "MiBy"}, toUnit: "Mibit", expected: Value{F: 8, U: "Mibit"}},
+		{name: "Bytes to bits: 1 GiBy = 8 Gibit", input: Value{F: 1, U: "GiBy"}, toUnit: "Gibit", expected: Value{F: 8, U: "Gibit"}},
+		// SI byte scaling (Exa, Zetta, Yotta)
+		{name: "SI byte scaling: 1000 PBy = 1 EBy", input: Value{F: 1000, U: "PBy"}, toUnit: "EBy", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "EBy"}},
+		{name: "Exabyte to bytes: 1 EBy = 1e18 By", input: Value{F: 1, U: "EBy"}, toUnit: "By", expected: Value{F: 1e18, U: "By"}},
+		{name: "SI byte scaling: 1000 EBy = 1 ZBy", input: Value{F: 1000, U: "EBy"}, toUnit: "ZBy", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "ZBy"}},
+		{name: "Zettabyte to petabytes: 1 ZBy = 1000000 PBy", input: Value{F: 1, U: "ZBy"}, toUnit: "PBy", expected: Value{F: 1e6, U: "PBy"}},
+		{name: "SI byte scaling: 1000 ZBy = 1 YBy", input: Value{F: 1000, U: "ZBy"}, toUnit: "YBy", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "YBy"}},
+		{name: "Yottabyte to zettabyte: 1 YBy = 1000 ZBy", input: Value{F: 1, U: "YBy"}, toUnit: "ZBy", expected: Value{F: 1000, U: "ZBy"}},
+		// Binary byte scaling (Exbi, Zebi, Yobi)
+		{name: "Binary byte scaling: 1024 PiBy = 1 EiBy", input: Value{F: 1024, U: "PiBy"}, toUnit: "EiBy", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "EiBy"}},
+		{name: "Exbibyte to tebibytes: 1 EiBy = 1048576 TiBy", input: Value{F: 1, U: "EiBy"}, toUnit: "TiBy", expected: Value{F: 1024 * 1024, U: "TiBy"}},
+		{name: "Binary byte scaling: 1024 EiBy = 1 ZiBy", input: Value{F: 1024, U: "EiBy"}, toUnit: "ZiBy", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "ZiBy"}},
+		{name: "Zebibyte to exbibyte: 1 ZiBy = 1024 EiBy", input: Value{F: 1, U: "ZiBy"}, toUnit: "EiBy", expected: Value{F: 1024, U: "EiBy"}},
+		{name: "Binary byte scaling: 1024 ZiBy = 1 YiBy", input: Value{F: 1024, U: "ZiBy"}, toUnit: "YiBy", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "YiBy"}},
+		{name: "Yobibyte to zebibyte: 1 YiBy = 1024 ZiBy", input: Value{F: 1, U: "YiBy"}, toUnit: "ZiBy", expected: Value{F: 1024, U: "ZiBy"}},
+		// SI bit scaling (Exa, Zetta, Yotta)
+		{name: "SI bit scaling: 1000 Pbit = 1 Ebit", input: Value{F: 1000, U: "Pbit"}, toUnit: "Ebit", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "Ebit"}},
+		{name: "Exabit to gigabits: 1 Ebit = 1e9 Gbit", input: Value{F: 1, U: "Ebit"}, toUnit: "Gbit", expected: Value{F: 1e9, U: "Gbit"}},
+		{name: "SI bit scaling: 1000 Ebit = 1 Zbit", input: Value{F: 1000, U: "Ebit"}, toUnit: "Zbit", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "Zbit"}},
+		{name: "Zettabit to exabit: 1 Zbit = 1000 Ebit", input: Value{F: 1, U: "Zbit"}, toUnit: "Ebit", expected: Value{F: 1000, U: "Ebit"}},
+		{name: "SI bit scaling: 1000 Zbit = 1 Ybit", input: Value{F: 1000, U: "Zbit"}, toUnit: "Ybit", expected: Value{F: 1, U: "Ybit"}},
+		{name: "Yottabit to zettabit: 1 Ybit = 1000 Zbit", input: Value{F: 1, U: "Ybit"}, toUnit: "Zbit", expected: Value{F: 1000, U: "Zbit"}},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := dataConverter.Convert(tt.input, tt.toUnit)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, got)
+		})
+	}
 }

pkg/query-service/converter/time.go

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ func FromTimeUnit(u Unit) Duration {
 		return Hour
 	case "d":
 		return Day
-	case "w":
+	case "w", "wk":
 		return Week
 	default:
 		return Second

pkg/query-service/converter/time_test.go

@@ -54,4 +54,13 @@ func TestDurationConvert(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, Value{F: 1, U: "ms"}, timeConverter.Convert(Value{F: 1000, U: "us"}, "ms"))
 	// 1000000000 ns = 1 s
 	assert.Equal(t, Value{F: 1, U: "s"}, timeConverter.Convert(Value{F: 1000000000, U: "ns"}, "s"))
+
+	// 7 d = 1 wk
+	assert.Equal(t, Value{F: 1, U: "wk"}, timeConverter.Convert(Value{F: 7, U: "d"}, "wk"))
+	// 1 wk = 7 d
+	assert.Equal(t, Value{F: 7, U: "d"}, timeConverter.Convert(Value{F: 1, U: "wk"}, "d"))
+	// 1 wk = 168 h
+	assert.Equal(t, Value{F: 168, U: "h"}, timeConverter.Convert(Value{F: 1, U: "wk"}, "h"))
+	// 604800 s = 1 wk
+	assert.Equal(t, Value{F: 1, U: "wk"}, timeConverter.Convert(Value{F: 604800, U: "s"}, "wk"))
 }

pkg/query-service/formatter/data.go

@@ -24,30 +24,62 @@ func (f *dataFormatter) Format(value float64, unit string) string {
 		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value))
 	case "decbytes":
 		return humanize.Bytes(uint64(value))
-	case "bits":
-		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value * converter.Bit))
+	case "bits", "bit":
+		// humanize.IBytes/Bytes doesn't support bits
+		// and returns 0 B for values less than a byte
+		if value < 8 {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("%v b", value)
+		}
+		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value / 8))
 	case "decbits":
-		return humanize.Bytes(uint64(value * converter.Bit))
-	case "kbytes", "kBy":
+		if value < 8 {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("%v b", value)
+		}
+		return humanize.Bytes(uint64(value / 8))
+	case "kbytes", "KiBy":
 		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value * converter.Kibibit))
-	case "decKbytes", "deckbytes":
-		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value * converter.Kilobit))
-	case "mbytes", "MBy":
+	case "Kibit":
+		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value * converter.Kibibit / 8))
+	case "decKbytes", "deckbytes", "kBy":
+		return humanize.Bytes(uint64(value * converter.Kilobit))
+	case "kbit":
+		return humanize.Bytes(uint64(value * converter.Kilobit / 8))
+	case "mbytes", "MiBy":
 		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value * converter.Mebibit))
-	case "decMbytes", "decmbytes":
+	case "Mibit":
+		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value * converter.Mebibit / 8))
+	case "decMbytes", "decmbytes", "MBy":
 		return humanize.Bytes(uint64(value * converter.Megabit))
-	case "gbytes", "GBy":
+	case "Mbit":
+		return humanize.Bytes(uint64(value * converter.Megabit / 8))
+	case "gbytes", "GiBy":
 		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value * converter.Gibibit))
-	case "decGbytes", "decgbytes":
+	case "Gibit":
+		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value * converter.Gibibit / 8))
+	case "decGbytes", "decgbytes", "GBy":
 		return humanize.Bytes(uint64(value * converter.Gigabit))
-	case "tbytes", "TBy":
+	case "Gbit":
+		return humanize.Bytes(uint64(value * converter.Gigabit / 8))
+	case "tbytes", "TiBy":
 		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value * converter.Tebibit))
-	case "decTbytes", "dectbytes":
+	case "Tibit":
+		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value * converter.Tebibit / 8))
+	case "decTbytes", "dectbytes", "TBy":
 		return humanize.Bytes(uint64(value * converter.Terabit))
-	case "pbytes", "PBy":
+	case "Tbit":
+		return humanize.Bytes(uint64(value * converter.Terabit / 8))
+	case "pbytes", "PiBy":
 		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value * converter.Pebibit))
-	case "decPbytes", "decpbytes":
+	case "Pbit":
+		return humanize.Bytes(uint64(value * converter.Petabit / 8))
+	case "decPbytes", "decpbytes", "PBy":
 		return humanize.Bytes(uint64(value * converter.Petabit))
+	case "EiBy":
+		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value * converter.Exbibit))
+	case "Ebit":
+		return humanize.Bytes(uint64(value * converter.Exabit / 8))
+	case "EBy":
+		return humanize.Bytes(uint64(value * converter.Exabit))
 	}
 	// When unit is not matched, return the value as it is.
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%v", value)

pkg/query-service/formatter/data_rate.go

@@ -25,49 +25,66 @@ func (f *dataRateFormatter) Format(value float64, unit string) string {
 	case "Bps", "By/s":
 		return humanize.Bytes(uint64(value)) + "/s"
 	case "binbps":
-		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value*converter.BitPerSecond)) + "/s"
+		// humanize.IBytes/Bytes doesn't support bits
+		// and returns 0 B for values less than a byte
+		if value < 8 {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("%v b/s", value)
+		}
+		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value/8)) + "/s"
 	case "bps", "bit/s":
-		return humanize.Bytes(uint64(value*converter.BitPerSecond)) + "/s"
-	case "KiBs":
+		if value < 8 {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("%v b/s", value)
+		}
+		return humanize.Bytes(uint64(value/8)) + "/s"
+	case "KiBs", "KiBy/s":
 		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value*converter.KibibitPerSecond)) + "/s"
-	case "Kibits":
-		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value*converter.KibibytePerSecond)) + "/s"
+	case "Kibits", "Kibit/s":
+		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value*converter.KibibitPerSecond/8)) + "/s"
 	case "KBs", "kBy/s":
 		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value*converter.KilobitPerSecond)) + "/s"
 	case "Kbits", "kbit/s":
-		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value*converter.KilobytePerSecond)) + "/s"
-	case "MiBs":
+		return humanize.Bytes(uint64(value*converter.KilobitPerSecond/8)) + "/s"
+	case "MiBs", "MiBy/s":
 		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value*converter.MebibitPerSecond)) + "/s"
-	case "Mibits":
-		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value*converter.MebibytePerSecond)) + "/s"
+	case "Mibits", "Mibit/s":
+		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value*converter.MebibitPerSecond/8)) + "/s"
 	case "MBs", "MBy/s":
 		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value*converter.MegabitPerSecond)) + "/s"
 	case "Mbits", "Mbit/s":
-		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value*converter.MegabytePerSecond)) + "/s"
-	case "GiBs":
+		return humanize.Bytes(uint64(value*converter.MegabitPerSecond/8)) + "/s"
+	case "GiBs", "GiBy/s":
 		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value*converter.GibibitPerSecond)) + "/s"
-	case "Gibits":
-		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value*converter.GibibytePerSecond)) + "/s"
+	case "Gibits", "Gibit/s":
+		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value*converter.GibibitPerSecond/8)) + "/s"
 	case "GBs", "GBy/s":
 		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value*converter.GigabitPerSecond)) + "/s"
 	case "Gbits", "Gbit/s":
-		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value*converter.GigabytePerSecond)) + "/s"
-	case "TiBs":
+		return humanize.Bytes(uint64(value*converter.GigabitPerSecond/8)) + "/s"
+	case "TiBs", "TiBy/s":
 		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value*converter.TebibitPerSecond)) + "/s"
-	case "Tibits":
-		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value*converter.TebibytePerSecond)) + "/s"
+	case "Tibits", "Tibit/s":
+		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value*converter.TebibitPerSecond/8)) + "/s"
 	case "TBs", "TBy/s":
 		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value*converter.TerabitPerSecond)) + "/s"
 	case "Tbits", "Tbit/s":
-		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value*converter.TerabytePerSecond)) + "/s"
-	case "PiBs":
+		return humanize.Bytes(uint64(value*converter.TerabitPerSecond/8)) + "/s"
+	case "PiBs", "PiBy/s":
 		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value*converter.PebibitPerSecond)) + "/s"
-	case "Pibits":
-		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value*converter.PebibytePerSecond)) + "/s"
+	case "Pibits", "Pibit/s":
+		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value*converter.PebibitPerSecond/8)) + "/s"
 	case "PBs", "PBy/s":
 		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value*converter.PetabitPerSecond)) + "/s"
 	case "Pbits", "Pbit/s":
-		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value*converter.PetabytePerSecond)) + "/s"
+		return humanize.Bytes(uint64(value*converter.PetabitPerSecond/8)) + "/s"
+	// Exa units
+	case "EBy/s":
+		return humanize.Bytes(uint64(value*converter.ExabitPerSecond)) + "/s"
+	case "Ebit/s":
+		return humanize.Bytes(uint64(value*converter.ExabitPerSecond/8)) + "/s"
+	case "EiBy/s":
+		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value*converter.ExbibitPerSecond)) + "/s"
+	case "Eibit/s":
+		return humanize.IBytes(uint64(value*converter.ExbibitPerSecond/8)) + "/s"
 	}
 	// When unit is not matched, return the value as it is.
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%v", value)

pkg/query-service/formatter/data_rate_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+package formatter
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestDataRateFormatterComprehensive(t *testing.T) {
+	dataRateFormatter := NewDataRateFormatter()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		value    float64
+		unit     string
+		expected string
+	}{
+		// IEC Bits/sec - binbps, bps
+		{name: "binbps as Bps", value: 7, unit: "binbps", expected: "7 b/s"},
+		{name: "100 binbps as 12 Bps", value: 100, unit: "binbps", expected: "12 B/s"},
+		{name: "binbps as 23 GiBs", value: 8 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 23, unit: "binbps", expected: "23 GiB/s"},
+
+		// SI Bits/sec - bps, bit/s
+		{name: "bps as Bps", value: 5, unit: "bps", expected: "5 b/s"},
+		{name: "200 bitps as 25 Bps", value: 200, unit: "bit/s", expected: "25 B/s"},
+		{name: "bitps as MBs", value: 8 * 1000 * 1000 * 7, unit: "bit/s", expected: "7.0 MB/s"},
+
+		// IEC Base bytes/sec - binBps
+		{name: "binBps as Bps", value: 0, unit: "binBps", expected: "0 B/s"},
+		{name: "1 binBps as 1 Bps", value: 1, unit: "binBps", expected: "1 B/s"},
+		{name: "binBps as Kibps", value: 1024, unit: "binBps", expected: "1.0 KiB/s"},
+		{name: "binBps as Mibps", value: 1024 * 1024, unit: "binBps", expected: "1.0 MiB/s"},
+		{name: "binBps as Gibps", value: 1024 * 1024 * 1024, unit: "binBps", expected: "1.0 GiB/s"},
+
+		// SI Base bytes/sec - Bps, By/s
+		{name: "Bps as Bps", value: 1, unit: "Bps", expected: "1 B/s"},
+		{name: "Bps as kbps", value: 1000, unit: "Bps", expected: "1.0 kB/s"},
+		{name: "Bps as Mbps", value: 1000 * 1000, unit: "Bps", expected: "1.0 MB/s"},
+		{name: "Byps as kbps", value: 1000, unit: "By/s", expected: "1.0 kB/s"},
+
+		// Kibibytes/sec - KiBs, KiBy/s
+		{name: "Kibs as Bps", value: 0, unit: "KiBs", expected: "0 B/s"},
+		{name: "Kibs as Kibps", value: 1, unit: "KiBs", expected: "1.0 KiB/s"},
+		{name: "Kibs as Mibps", value: 1024, unit: "KiBs", expected: "1.0 MiB/s"},
+		{name: "Kibs as Gibps", value: 3 * 1024 * 1024, unit: "KiBs", expected: "3.0 GiB/s"},
+		{name: "KiByps as Kibps", value: 1, unit: "KiBy/s", expected: "1.0 KiB/s"},
+		{name: "KiByps as Mibps", value: 1024, unit: "KiBy/s", expected: "1.0 MiB/s"},
+
+		// Kibibits/sec - Kibits, Kibit/s
+		{name: "Kibitps as Kibps", value: 1, unit: "Kibits", expected: "128 B/s"},
+		{name: "Kibitps as Mibps", value: 42 * 1024, unit: "Kibits", expected: "5.3 MiB/s"},
+		{name: "Kibitps as Kibps 10", value: 10, unit: "Kibit/s", expected: "1.3 KiB/s"},
+
+		// Kilobytes/sec (SI) - KBs, kBy/s
+		{name: "Kbs as Bps", value: 0.5, unit: "KBs", expected: "500 B/s"},
+		{name: "Kbs as Mibps", value: 1048.6, unit: "KBs", expected: "1.0 MiB/s"},
+		{name: "kByps as Bps", value: 1, unit: "kBy/s", expected: "1000 B/s"},
+
+		// Kilobits/sec (SI) - Kbits, kbit/s
+		{name: "Kbitps as Bps", value: 1, unit: "Kbits", expected: "125 B/s"},
+		{name: "kbitps as Bps", value: 1, unit: "kbit/s", expected: "125 B/s"},
+
+		// Mebibytes/sec - MiBs, MiBy/s
+		{name: "Mibs as Mibps", value: 1, unit: "MiBs", expected: "1.0 MiB/s"},
+		{name: "Mibs as Gibps", value: 1024, unit: "MiBs", expected: "1.0 GiB/s"},
+		{name: "Mibs as Tibps", value: 1024 * 1024, unit: "MiBs", expected: "1.0 TiB/s"},
+		{name: "MiByps as Mibps", value: 1, unit: "MiBy/s", expected: "1.0 MiB/s"},
+
+		// Mebibits/sec - Mibits, Mibit/s
+		{name: "Mibitps as Mibps", value: 40, unit: "Mibits", expected: "5.0 MiB/s"},
+		{name: "Mibitps as Mibps per second variant", value: 10, unit: "Mibit/s", expected: "1.3 MiB/s"},
+
+		// Megabytes/sec (SI) - MBs, MBy/s
+		{name: "Mbs as Kibps", value: 1, unit: "MBs", expected: "977 KiB/s"},
+		{name: "MByps as Kibps", value: 1, unit: "MBy/s", expected: "977 KiB/s"},
+
+		// Megabits/sec (SI) - Mbits, Mbit/s
+		{name: "Mbitps as Kibps", value: 1, unit: "Mbits", expected: "125 kB/s"},
+		{name: "Mbitps as Kibps per second variant", value: 1, unit: "Mbit/s", expected: "125 kB/s"},
+
+		// Gibibytes/sec - GiBs, GiBy/s
+		{name: "Gibs as Gibps", value: 1, unit: "GiBs", expected: "1.0 GiB/s"},
+		{name: "Gibs as Tibps", value: 1024, unit: "GiBs", expected: "1.0 TiB/s"},
+		{name: "GiByps as Tibps", value: 42 * 1024, unit: "GiBy/s", expected: "42 TiB/s"},
+
+		// Gibibits/sec - Gibits, Gibit/s
+		{name: "Gibitps as Tibps", value: 42 * 1024, unit: "Gibits", expected: "5.3 TiB/s"},
+		{name: "Gibitps as Tibps per second variant", value: 42 * 1024, unit: "Gibit/s", expected: "5.3 TiB/s"},
+
+		// Gigabytes/sec (SI) - GBs, GBy/s
+		{name: "Gbs as Tibps", value: 42 * 1000, unit: "GBs", expected: "38 TiB/s"},
+		{name: "GByps as Tibps", value: 42 * 1000, unit: "GBy/s", expected: "38 TiB/s"},
+
+		// Gigabits/sec (SI) - Gbits, Gbit/s
+		{name: "Gbitps as Tibps", value: 42 * 1000, unit: "Gbits", expected: "5.3 TB/s"},
+		{name: "Gbitps as Tibps per second variant", value: 42 * 1000, unit: "Gbit/s", expected: "5.3 TB/s"},
+
+		// Tebibytes/sec - TiBs, TiBy/s
+		{name: "Tibs as Tibps", value: 1, unit: "TiBs", expected: "1.0 TiB/s"},
+		{name: "Tibs as Pibps", value: 1024, unit: "TiBs", expected: "1.0 PiB/s"},
+		{name: "TiByps as Pibps", value: 42 * 1024, unit: "TiBy/s", expected: "42 PiB/s"},
+
+		// Tebibits/sec - Tibits, Tibit/s
+		{name: "Tibitps as Pibps", value: 42 * 1024, unit: "Tibits", expected: "5.3 PiB/s"},
+		{name: "Tibitps as Pibps per second variant", value: 42 * 1024, unit: "Tibit/s", expected: "5.3 PiB/s"},
+
+		// Terabytes/sec (SI) - TBs, TBy/s
+		{name: "Tbs as Pibps", value: 42 * 1000, unit: "TBs", expected: "37 PiB/s"},
+		{name: "TByps as Pibps", value: 42 * 1000, unit: "TBy/s", expected: "37 PiB/s"},
+
+		// Terabits/sec (SI) - Tbits, Tbit/s
+		{name: "Tbitps as Pibps", value: 42 * 1000, unit: "Tbits", expected: "5.3 PB/s"},
+		{name: "Tbitps as Pibps per second variant", value: 42 * 1000, unit: "Tbit/s", expected: "5.3 PB/s"},
+
+		// Pebibytes/sec - PiBs, PiBy/s
+		{name: "Pibs as Eibps", value: 10 * 1024, unit: "PiBs", expected: "10 EiB/s"},
+		{name: "PiByps as Eibps", value: 10 * 1024, unit: "PiBy/s", expected: "10 EiB/s"},
+
+		// Pebibits/sec - Pibits, Pibit/s
+		{name: "Pibitps as Eibps", value: 10 * 1024, unit: "Pibits", expected: "1.3 EiB/s"},
+		{name: "Pibitps as Eibps per second variant", value: 10 * 1024, unit: "Pibit/s", expected: "1.3 EiB/s"},
+
+		// Petabytes/sec (SI) - PBs, PBy/s
+		{name: "Pbs as Pibps", value: 42, unit: "PBs", expected: "37 PiB/s"},
+		{name: "PByps as Pibps", value: 42, unit: "PBy/s", expected: "37 PiB/s"},
+
+		// Petabits/sec (SI) - Pbits, Pbit/s
+		{name: "Pbitps as Pibps", value: 42, unit: "Pbits", expected: "5.3 PB/s"},
+		{name: "Pbitps as Pibps per second variant", value: 42, unit: "Pbit/s", expected: "5.3 PB/s"},
+
+		// Exabytes/sec (SI) - EBy/s
+		{name: "EByps as Ebps", value: 10, unit: "EBy/s", expected: "10 EB/s"},
+
+		// Exabits/sec (SI) - Ebit/s
+		{name: "Ebitps as Ebps", value: 10, unit: "Ebit/s", expected: "1.3 EB/s"},
+
+		// Exbibytes/sec (IEC) - EiBy/s
+		{name: "EiByps as Eibps", value: 10, unit: "EiBy/s", expected: "10 EiB/s"},
+
+		// Exbibits/sec (IEC) - Eibit/s
+		{name: "Eibitps as Eibps", value: 10, unit: "Eibit/s", expected: "1.3 EiB/s"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := dataRateFormatter.Format(tt.value, tt.unit)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, got)
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/query-service/formatter/data_test.go

@@ -14,21 +14,174 @@ func TestData(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "1.0 KiB", dataFormatter.Format(1024, "bytes"))
 	assert.Equal(t, "1.0 KiB", dataFormatter.Format(1024, "By"))
 	assert.Equal(t, "2.3 GiB", dataFormatter.Format(2.3*1024, "mbytes"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "2.3 GiB", dataFormatter.Format(2.3*1024, "MBy"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "2.3 GiB", dataFormatter.Format(2.3*1024, "MiBy"))
 	assert.Equal(t, "1.0 MiB", dataFormatter.Format(1024*1024, "bytes"))
 	assert.Equal(t, "1.0 MiB", dataFormatter.Format(1024*1024, "By"))
 	assert.Equal(t, "69 TiB", dataFormatter.Format(69*1024*1024, "mbytes"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "69 TiB", dataFormatter.Format(69*1024*1024, "MBy"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "69 TiB", dataFormatter.Format(69*1024*1024, "MiBy"))
 	assert.Equal(t, "102 KiB", dataFormatter.Format(102*1024, "bytes"))
 	assert.Equal(t, "102 KiB", dataFormatter.Format(102*1024, "By"))
 	assert.Equal(t, "240 MiB", dataFormatter.Format(240*1024, "kbytes"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "240 MiB", dataFormatter.Format(240*1024, "kBy"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "240 MiB", dataFormatter.Format(240*1024, "KiBy"))
 	assert.Equal(t, "1.0 GiB", dataFormatter.Format(1024*1024, "kbytes"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "1.0 GiB", dataFormatter.Format(1024*1024, "kBy"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "1.0 GiB", dataFormatter.Format(1024*1024, "KiBy"))
 	assert.Equal(t, "23 GiB", dataFormatter.Format(23*1024*1024, "kbytes"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "23 GiB", dataFormatter.Format(23*1024*1024, "kBy"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "23 GiB", dataFormatter.Format(23*1024*1024, "KiBy"))
 	assert.Equal(t, "32 TiB", dataFormatter.Format(32*1024*1024*1024, "kbytes"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "32 TiB", dataFormatter.Format(32*1024*1024*1024, "kBy"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "32 TiB", dataFormatter.Format(32*1024*1024*1024, "KiBy"))
 	assert.Equal(t, "24 MiB", dataFormatter.Format(24, "mbytes"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "24 MiB", dataFormatter.Format(24, "MBy"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "24 MiB", dataFormatter.Format(24, "MiBy"))
+}
+
+func TestDataFormatterComprehensive(t *testing.T) {
+	dataFormatter := NewDataFormatter()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		value    float64
+		unit     string
+		expected string
+	}{
+		// IEC Bits - bits, bit
+		{name: "bits: 1", value: 1, unit: "bits", expected: "1 b"},
+		{name: "bits: 7", value: 7, unit: "bit", expected: "7 b"},
+		{name: "bits: to MiB = 8 * 1024 * 1024 * 9", value: 8 * 1024 * 1024 * 9, unit: "bits", expected: "9.0 MiB"},
+
+		// SI Bits - decbits, bit
+		{name: "decbits: 1", value: 1, unit: "decbits", expected: "1 b"},
+		{name: "decbits: 7", value: 7, unit: "decbits", expected: "7 b"},
+		{name: "decbits: to MB = 8 * 1000 * 1000 * 4", value: 8 * 1000 * 1000 * 4, unit: "decbits", expected: "4.0 MB"},
+
+		// IEC Base bytes - bytes, By
+		{name: "bytes: 0", value: 0, unit: "bytes", expected: "0 B"},
+		{name: "bytes: 1", value: 1, unit: "bytes", expected: "1 B"},
+		{name: "bytes: 512", value: 512, unit: "bytes", expected: "512 B"},
+		{name: "bytes: 1023", value: 1023, unit: "bytes", expected: "1023 B"},
+		{name: "bytes: 1024 = 1 KiB", value: 1024, unit: "bytes", expected: "1.0 KiB"},
+		{name: "bytes: 1536", value: 1536, unit: "bytes", expected: "1.5 KiB"},
+		{name: "bytes: 1024*1024 = 1 MiB", value: 1024 * 1024, unit: "bytes", expected: "1.0 MiB"},
+		{name: "bytes: 1024*1024*1024 = 1 GiB", value: 1024 * 1024 * 1024, unit: "bytes", expected: "1.0 GiB"},
+		{name: "By: same as bytes", value: 1024, unit: "By", expected: "1.0 KiB"},
+
+		// SI Base bytes - decbytes
+		{name: "decbytes: 1", value: 1, unit: "decbytes", expected: "1 B"},
+		{name: "decbytes: 1000 = 1 kB", value: 1000, unit: "decbytes", expected: "1.0 kB"},
+		{name: "decbytes: 1000*1000 = 1 MB", value: 1000 * 1000, unit: "decbytes", expected: "1.0 MB"},
+		{name: "decbytes: 1000*1000*1000 = 1 GB", value: 1000 * 1000 * 1000, unit: "decbytes", expected: "1.0 GB"},
+
+		// Kibibytes - kbytes, KiBy (IEC)
+		{name: "kbytes: 0", value: 0, unit: "kbytes", expected: "0 B"},
+		{name: "kbytes: 1 = 1 KiB", value: 1, unit: "kbytes", expected: "1.0 KiB"},
+		{name: "kbytes: 512", value: 512, unit: "kbytes", expected: "512 KiB"},
+		{name: "kbytes: 1024 = 1 MiB", value: 1024, unit: "kbytes", expected: "1.0 MiB"},
+		{name: "kbytes: 1024*1024 = 1 GiB", value: 1024 * 1024, unit: "kbytes", expected: "1.0 GiB"},
+		{name: "kbytes: 2.3*1024 = 2.3 MiB", value: 2.3 * 1024, unit: "kbytes", expected: "2.3 MiB"},
+		{name: "KiBy: 1 = 1 KiB", value: 1, unit: "KiBy", expected: "1.0 KiB"},
+		{name: "KiBy: 1024 = 1 MiB", value: 1024, unit: "KiBy", expected: "1.0 MiB"},
+		{name: "kbytes and KiBy alias", value: 240 * 1024, unit: "KiBy", expected: "240 MiB"},
+
+		// SI Kilobytes - decKbytes, deckbytes, kBy
+		{name: "decKbytes: 1 = 1 kB", value: 1, unit: "decKbytes", expected: "1.0 kB"},
+		{name: "decKbytes: 1000 = 1 MB", value: 1000, unit: "decKbytes", expected: "1.0 MB"},
+		{name: "deckbytes: 1 = 1 kB", value: 1, unit: "deckbytes", expected: "1.0 kB"},
+		{name: "kBy: 1 = 1 kB", value: 1, unit: "kBy", expected: "1.0 kB"},
+		{name: "kBy: 1000 = 1 MB", value: 1000, unit: "kBy", expected: "1.0 MB"},
+
+		// Mebibytes - mbytes, MiBy (IEC)
+		{name: "mbytes: 1 = 1 MiB", value: 1, unit: "mbytes", expected: "1.0 MiB"},
+		{name: "mbytes: 24", value: 24, unit: "mbytes", expected: "24 MiB"},
+		{name: "mbytes: 1024 = 1 GiB", value: 1024, unit: "mbytes", expected: "1.0 GiB"},
+		{name: "mbytes: 1024*1024 = 1 TiB", value: 1024 * 1024, unit: "mbytes", expected: "1.0 TiB"},
+		{name: "mbytes: 69*1024 = 69 GiB", value: 69 * 1024, unit: "mbytes", expected: "69 GiB"},
+		{name: "mbytes: 69*1024*1024 = 69 TiB", value: 69 * 1024 * 1024, unit: "mbytes", expected: "69 TiB"},
+		{name: "MiBy: 1 = 1 MiB", value: 1, unit: "MiBy", expected: "1.0 MiB"},
+		{name: "MiBy: 1024 = 1 GiB", value: 1024, unit: "MiBy", expected: "1.0 GiB"},
+
+		// SI Megabytes - decMbytes, decmbytes, MBy
+		{name: "decMbytes: 1 = 1 MB", value: 1, unit: "decMbytes", expected: "1.0 MB"},
+		{name: "decMbytes: 1000 = 1 GB", value: 1000, unit: "decMbytes", expected: "1.0 GB"},
+		{name: "decmbytes: 1 = 1 MB", value: 1, unit: "decmbytes", expected: "1.0 MB"},
+		{name: "MBy: 1 = 1 MB", value: 1, unit: "MBy", expected: "1.0 MB"},
+
+		// Gibibytes - gbytes, GiBy (IEC)
+		{name: "gbytes: 1 = 1 GiB", value: 1, unit: "gbytes", expected: "1.0 GiB"},
+		{name: "gbytes: 1024 = 1 TiB", value: 1024, unit: "gbytes", expected: "1.0 TiB"},
+		{name: "GiBy: 42*1024 = 42 TiB", value: 42 * 1024, unit: "GiBy", expected: "42 TiB"},
+
+		// SI Gigabytes - decGbytes, decgbytes, GBy
+		{name: "decGbytes: 42*1000 = 42 TB", value: 42 * 1000, unit: "decGbytes", expected: "42 TB"},
+		{name: "GBy: 42*1000 = 42 TB", value: 42 * 1000, unit: "GBy", expected: "42 TB"},
+
+		// Tebibytes - tbytes, TiBy (IEC)
+		{name: "tbytes: 1 = 1 TiB", value: 1, unit: "tbytes", expected: "1.0 TiB"},
+		{name: "tbytes: 1024 = 1 PiB", value: 1024, unit: "tbytes", expected: "1.0 PiB"},
+		{name: "TiBy: 42*1024 = 42 PiB", value: 42 * 1024, unit: "TiBy", expected: "42 PiB"},
+
+		// SI Terabytes - decTbytes, dectbytes, TBy
+		{name: "decTbytes: 42*1000 = 42 PB", value: 42 * 1000, unit: "decTbytes", expected: "42 PB"},
+		{name: "dectbytes: 42*1000 = 42 PB", value: 42 * 1000, unit: "dectbytes", expected: "42 PB"},
+		{name: "TBy: 42*1000 = 42 PB", value: 42 * 1000, unit: "TBy", expected: "42 PB"},
+
+		// Pebibytes - pbytes, PiBy (IEC)
+		{name: "pbytes: 10*1024 = 10 EiB", value: 10 * 1024, unit: "pbytes", expected: "10 EiB"},
+		{name: "PiBy: 10*1024 = 10 EiB", value: 10 * 1024, unit: "PiBy", expected: "10 EiB"},
+
+		// SI Petabytes - decPbytes, decpbytes, PBy
+		{name: "decPbytes: 42 = 42 PB", value: 42, unit: "decPbytes", expected: "42 PB"},
+		{name: "decpbytes: 42 = 42 PB", value: 42, unit: "decpbytes", expected: "42 PB"},
+		{name: "PBy: 42 = 42 PB", value: 42, unit: "PBy", expected: "42 PB"},
+
+		// Exbibytes - EiBy (IEC)
+		{name: "EiBy: 10 = 10 EiB", value: 10, unit: "EiBy", expected: "10 EiB"},
+
+		// Exabytes - EBy (SI)
+		{name: "EBy: 10 = 10 EB", value: 10, unit: "EBy", expected: "10 EB"},
+
+		// Kibibits - Kibit (IEC): 1 Kibit = 1024 bits = 128 bytes
+		{name: "Kibit: 1 = 128 B", value: 1, unit: "Kibit", expected: "128 B"},
+		{name: "Kibit: 1024 = 128 KiB", value: 1024, unit: "Kibit", expected: "128 KiB"},
+
+		// Mebibits - Mibit (IEC): 1 Mibit = 1024 Kibit = 128 KiB
+		{name: "Mibit: 1 = 128 KiB", value: 1, unit: "Mibit", expected: "128 KiB"},
+		{name: "Mibit: 1024 = 128 MiB", value: 1024, unit: "Mibit", expected: "128 MiB"},
+
+		// Gibibits - Gibit (IEC): 1 Gibit = 1024 Mibit = 128 MiB
+		{name: "Gibit: 1 = 128 MiB", value: 1, unit: "Gibit", expected: "128 MiB"},
+		{name: "Gibit: 42*1024 = 5.3 TiB", value: 42 * 1024, unit: "Gibit", expected: "5.3 TiB"},
+
+		// Tebibits - Tibit (IEC): 1 Tibit = 1024 Gibit = 128 GiB
+		{name: "Tibit: 1 = 128 GiB", value: 1, unit: "Tibit", expected: "128 GiB"},
+		{name: "Tibit: 42*1024 = 5.3 PiB", value: 42 * 1024, unit: "Tibit", expected: "5.3 PiB"},
+
+		// Kilobits - kbit (SI): 1 kbit = 1000 bits = 125 bytes
+		{name: "kbit: 1 = 125 B", value: 1, unit: "kbit", expected: "125 B"},
+		{name: "kbit: 1000 = 125 kB", value: 1000, unit: "kbit", expected: "125 kB"},
+
+		// Megabits - Mbit (SI): 1 Mbit = 1000 kbit = 125 kB
+		{name: "Mbit: 1 = 125 kB", value: 1, unit: "Mbit", expected: "125 kB"},
+		{name: "Mbit: 1000 = 125 MB", value: 1000, unit: "Mbit", expected: "125 MB"},
+
+		// Gigabits - Gbit (SI): 1 Gbit = 1000 Mbit = 125 MB
+		{name: "Gbit: 1 = 125 MB", value: 1, unit: "Gbit", expected: "125 MB"},
+		{name: "Gbit: 42*1000 = 5.3 TB", value: 42 * 1000, unit: "Gbit", expected: "5.3 TB"},
+
+		// Terabits - Tbit (SI): 1 Tbit = 1000 Gbit = 125 GB
+		{name: "Tbit: 1 = 125 GB", value: 1, unit: "Tbit", expected: "125 GB"},
+		{name: "Tbit: 42*1000 = 5.3 PB", value: 42 * 1000, unit: "Tbit", expected: "5.3 PB"},
+
+		// Petabits - Pbit (SI): 1 Pbit = 1000 Tbit = 125 TB
+		{name: "Pbit: 1 = 125 TB", value: 1, unit: "Pbit", expected: "125 TB"},
+		{name: "Pbit: 42 = 5.3 PB", value: 42, unit: "Pbit", expected: "5.3 PB"},
+
+		// Exabits - Ebit (SI): 1 Ebit = 1000 Pbit = 125 PB
+		{name: "Ebit: 1 = 125 PB", value: 1, unit: "Ebit", expected: "125 PB"},
+		{name: "Ebit: 10 = 1.3 EB", value: 10, unit: "Ebit", expected: "1.3 EB"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := dataFormatter.Format(tt.value, tt.unit)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, got)
+		})
+	}
 }

pkg/query-service/formatter/formatter.go

@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ var (
 
 func FromUnit(u string) Formatter {
 	switch u {
-	case "ns", "us", "µs", "ms", "s", "m", "h", "d", "min":
+	case "ns", "us", "µs", "ms", "s", "m", "h", "d", "min", "w", "wk":
 		return DurationFormatter
-	case "bytes", "decbytes", "bits", "decbits", "kbytes", "decKbytes", "deckbytes", "mbytes", "decMbytes", "decmbytes", "gbytes", "decGbytes", "decgbytes", "tbytes", "decTbytes", "dectbytes", "pbytes", "decPbytes", "decpbytes", "By", "kBy", "MBy", "GBy", "TBy", "PBy":
+	case "bytes", "decbytes", "bits", "bit", "decbits", "kbytes", "decKbytes", "deckbytes", "mbytes", "decMbytes", "decmbytes", "gbytes", "decGbytes", "decgbytes", "tbytes", "decTbytes", "dectbytes", "pbytes", "decPbytes", "decpbytes", "By", "kBy", "MBy", "GBy", "TBy", "PBy", "EBy", "KiBy", "MiBy", "GiBy", "TiBy", "PiBy", "EiBy", "kbit", "Mbit", "Gbit", "Tbit", "Pbit", "Ebit", "Kibit", "Mibit", "Gibit", "Tibit", "Pibit":
 		return DataFormatter
-	case "binBps", "Bps", "binbps", "bps", "KiBs", "Kibits", "KBs", "Kbits", "MiBs", "Mibits", "MBs", "Mbits", "GiBs", "Gibits", "GBs", "Gbits", "TiBs", "Tibits", "TBs", "Tbits", "PiBs", "Pibits", "PBs", "Pbits", "By/s", "kBy/s", "MBy/s", "GBy/s", "TBy/s", "PBy/s", "bit/s", "kbit/s", "Mbit/s", "Gbit/s", "Tbit/s", "Pbit/s":
+	case "binBps", "Bps", "binbps", "bps", "KiBs", "Kibits", "KBs", "Kbits", "MiBs", "Mibits", "MBs", "Mbits", "GiBs", "Gibits", "GBs", "Gbits", "TiBs", "Tibits", "TBs", "Tbits", "PiBs", "Pibits", "PBs", "Pbits", "By/s", "kBy/s", "MBy/s", "GBy/s", "TBy/s", "PBy/s", "EBy/s", "bit/s", "kbit/s", "Mbit/s", "Gbit/s", "Tbit/s", "Pbit/s", "Ebit/s", "KiBy/s", "MiBy/s", "GiBy/s", "TiBy/s", "PiBy/s", "EiBy/s", "Kibit/s", "Mibit/s", "Gibit/s", "Tibit/s", "Pibit/s", "Eibit/s":
 		return DataRateFormatter
 	case "percent", "percentunit", "%":
 		return PercentFormatter

pkg/query-service/formatter/time.go

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ func (f *durationFormatter) Format(value float64, unit string) string {
 		return toHours(value)
 	case "d":
 		return toDays(value)
-	case "w":
+	case "w", "wk":
 		return toWeeks(value)
 	}
 	// When unit is not matched, return the value as it is.

pkg/querybuilder/collision.go

@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ func AdjustKey(key *telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey, keys map[string][]*telemet
 		key.Indexes = matchingKey.Indexes
 		key.Materialized = matchingKey.Materialized
 		key.JSONPlan = matchingKey.JSONPlan
-		
+
 		return actions
 	} else {
 		// multiple matching keys, set materialized only if all the keys are materialized

pkg/querybuilder/where_clause_visitor.go

@@ -483,6 +483,22 @@ func (v *filterExpressionVisitor) VisitComparison(ctx *grammar.ComparisonContext
 		value1 := v.Visit(values[0])
 		value2 := v.Visit(values[1])
 
+		switch value1.(type) {
+		case float64:
+			if _, ok := value2.(float64); !ok {
+				v.errors = append(v.errors, fmt.Sprintf("value type mismatch for key %s: expected number for both operands", keys[0].Name))
+				return ""
+			}
+		case string:
+			if _, ok := value2.(string); !ok {
+				v.errors = append(v.errors, fmt.Sprintf("value type mismatch for key %s: expected string for both operands", keys[0].Name))
+				return ""
+			}
+		default:
+			v.errors = append(v.errors, fmt.Sprintf("value type mismatch for key %s: operands must be number or string", keys[0].Name))
+			return ""
+		}
+
 		var conds []string
 		for _, key := range keys {
 			condition, err := v.conditionBuilder.ConditionFor(context.Background(), key, op, []any{value1, value2}, v.builder, v.startNs, v.endNs)
@@ -855,7 +871,7 @@ func (v *filterExpressionVisitor) VisitKey(ctx *grammar.KeyContext) any {
 	// 1. either user meant key ( this is already handled above in fieldKeysForName )
 	// 2. or user meant `attribute.key` we look up in the map for all possible field keys with name 'attribute.key'
 
-	// Note: 
+	// Note:
 	// If user only wants to search `attribute.key`, then they have to use `attribute.attribute.key`
 	// If user only wants to search `key`, then they have to use `key`
 	// If user wants to search both, they can use `attribute.key` and we will resolve the ambiguity

pkg/signoz/config.go

@@ -375,13 +375,6 @@ func mergeAndEnsureBackwardCompatibility(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logge
 		config.Flagger.Config.Boolean[flagger.FeatureKafkaSpanEval.String()] = os.Getenv("KAFKA_SPAN_EVAL") == "true"
 	}
 
-	if os.Getenv("INTERPOLATION_ENABLED") != "" {
-		logger.WarnContext(ctx, "[Deprecated] env INTERPOLATION_ENABLED is deprecated and scheduled for removal. Please use SIGNOZ_FLAGGER_CONFIG_BOOLEAN_INTERPOLATION__ENABLED instead.")
-		if config.Flagger.Config.Boolean == nil {
-			config.Flagger.Config.Boolean = make(map[string]bool)
-		}
-		config.Flagger.Config.Boolean[flagger.FeatureInterpolationEnabled.String()] = os.Getenv("INTERPOLATION_ENABLED") == "true"
-	}
 }
 
 func (config Config) Collect(_ context.Context, _ valuer.UUID) (map[string]any, error) {

pkg/signoz/provider.go

@@ -167,6 +167,8 @@ func NewSQLMigrationProviderFactories(
 		sqlmigration.NewMigrateRbacToAuthzFactory(sqlstore),
 		sqlmigration.NewMigratePublicDashboardsFactory(sqlstore),
 		sqlmigration.NewAddAnonymousPublicDashboardTransactionFactory(sqlstore),
+		sqlmigration.NewAddRootUserFactory(sqlstore, sqlschema),
+		sqlmigration.NewAddUserEmailOrgIDIndexFactory(sqlstore, sqlschema),
 	)
 }
 

pkg/signoz/signoz.go

@@ -389,6 +389,8 @@ func New(
 	// Initialize all modules
 	modules := NewModules(sqlstore, tokenizer, emailing, providerSettings, orgGetter, alertmanager, analytics, querier, telemetrystore, telemetryMetadataStore, authNs, authz, cache, queryParser, config, dashboard)
 
+	userService := impluser.NewService(providerSettings, impluser.NewStore(sqlstore, providerSettings), modules.User, orgGetter, authz, config.User.Root)
+
 	// Initialize all handlers for the modules
 	handlers := NewHandlers(modules, providerSettings, querier, licensing, global, flagger, gateway, telemetryMetadataStore, authz)
 
@@ -438,6 +440,7 @@ func New(
 		factory.NewNamedService(factory.MustNewName("statsreporter"), statsReporter),
 		factory.NewNamedService(factory.MustNewName("tokenizer"), tokenizer),
 		factory.NewNamedService(factory.MustNewName("authz"), authz),
+		factory.NewNamedService(factory.MustNewName("user"), userService),
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err

pkg/sqlmigration/064_add_root_user.go

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+package sqlmigration
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/factory"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/sqlschema"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/sqlstore"
+	"github.com/uptrace/bun"
+	"github.com/uptrace/bun/migrate"
+)
+
+type addRootUser struct {
+	sqlstore  sqlstore.SQLStore
+	sqlschema sqlschema.SQLSchema
+}
+
+func NewAddRootUserFactory(sqlstore sqlstore.SQLStore, sqlschema sqlschema.SQLSchema) factory.ProviderFactory[SQLMigration, Config] {
+	return factory.NewProviderFactory(factory.MustNewName("add_root_user"), func(ctx context.Context, providerSettings factory.ProviderSettings, config Config) (SQLMigration, error) {
+		return &addRootUser{
+			sqlstore:  sqlstore,
+			sqlschema: sqlschema,
+		}, nil
+	})
+}
+
+func (migration *addRootUser) Register(migrations *migrate.Migrations) error {
+	if err := migrations.Register(migration.Up, migration.Down); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (migration *addRootUser) Up(ctx context.Context, db *bun.DB) error {
+	if err := migration.sqlschema.ToggleFKEnforcement(ctx, db, false); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	tx, err := db.BeginTx(ctx, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	defer func() {
+		_ = tx.Rollback()
+	}()
+
+	table, uniqueConstraints, err := migration.sqlschema.GetTable(ctx, sqlschema.TableName("users"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	column := &sqlschema.Column{
+		Name:     sqlschema.ColumnName("is_root"),
+		DataType: sqlschema.DataTypeBoolean,
+		Nullable: false,
+	}
+
+	sqls := migration.sqlschema.Operator().AddColumn(table, uniqueConstraints, column, false)
+	for _, sql := range sqls {
+		if _, err := tx.ExecContext(ctx, string(sql)); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := migration.sqlschema.ToggleFKEnforcement(ctx, db, true); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (migration *addRootUser) Down(ctx context.Context, db *bun.DB) error {
+	return nil
+}

pkg/sqlmigration/065_add_user_email_org_id_index.go

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package sqlmigration
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/factory"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/sqlschema"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/sqlstore"
+	"github.com/uptrace/bun"
+	"github.com/uptrace/bun/migrate"
+)
+
+type addUserEmailOrgIDIndex struct {
+	sqlstore  sqlstore.SQLStore
+	sqlschema sqlschema.SQLSchema
+}
+
+func NewAddUserEmailOrgIDIndexFactory(sqlstore sqlstore.SQLStore, sqlschema sqlschema.SQLSchema) factory.ProviderFactory[SQLMigration, Config] {
+	return factory.NewProviderFactory(factory.MustNewName("add_user_email_org_id_index"), func(ctx context.Context, providerSettings factory.ProviderSettings, config Config) (SQLMigration, error) {
+		return &addUserEmailOrgIDIndex{
+			sqlstore:  sqlstore,
+			sqlschema: sqlschema,
+		}, nil
+	})
+}
+
+func (migration *addUserEmailOrgIDIndex) Register(migrations *migrate.Migrations) error {
+	if err := migrations.Register(migration.Up, migration.Down); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (migration *addUserEmailOrgIDIndex) Up(ctx context.Context, db *bun.DB) error {
+	tx, err := db.BeginTx(ctx, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	defer func() {
+		_ = tx.Rollback()
+	}()
+
+	sqls := migration.sqlschema.Operator().CreateIndex(&sqlschema.UniqueIndex{TableName: "users", ColumnNames: []sqlschema.ColumnName{"email", "org_id"}})
+	for _, sql := range sqls {
+		if _, err := tx.ExecContext(ctx, string(sql)); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (migration *addUserEmailOrgIDIndex) Down(ctx context.Context, db *bun.DB) error {
+	return nil
+}

pkg/telemetrymeter/statement_builder.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
 
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/factory"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/querybuilder"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/telemetrymetrics"
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ func (b *meterQueryStatementBuilder) buildPipelineStatement(
 		cteArgs      [][]any
 	)
 
-	if b.metricsStatementBuilder.CanShortCircuitDelta(query) {
+	if qbtypes.CanShortCircuitDelta(query.Aggregations[0]) {
 		// spatial_aggregation_cte directly for certain delta queries
 		if frag, args, err := b.buildTemporalAggDeltaFastPath(ctx, start, end, query, keys, variables); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
@@ -91,8 +92,9 @@ func (b *meterQueryStatementBuilder) buildPipelineStatement(
 		}
 
 		// spatial_aggregation_cte
-		frag, args := b.buildSpatialAggregationCTE(ctx, start, end, query, keys)
-		if frag != "" {
+		if frag, args, err := b.buildSpatialAggregationCTE(ctx, start, end, query, keys); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		} else if frag != "" {
 			cteFragments = append(cteFragments, frag)
 			cteArgs = append(cteArgs, args)
 		}
@@ -122,13 +124,16 @@ func (b *meterQueryStatementBuilder) buildTemporalAggDeltaFastPath(
 	for _, g := range query.GroupBy {
 		col, err := b.fm.ColumnExpressionFor(ctx, &g.TelemetryFieldKey, keys)
 		if err != nil {
-			return "", []any{}, err
+			return "", nil, err
 		}
 		sb.SelectMore(col)
 	}
 
 	tbl := WhichSamplesTableToUse(start, end, query.Aggregations[0].Type, query.Aggregations[0].TimeAggregation, query.Aggregations[0].TableHints)
-	aggCol := AggregationColumnForSamplesTable(start, end, query.Aggregations[0].Type, query.Aggregations[0].Temporality, query.Aggregations[0].TimeAggregation, query.Aggregations[0].TableHints)
+	aggCol, err := AggregationColumnForSamplesTable(start, end, query.Aggregations[0].Type, query.Aggregations[0].Temporality, query.Aggregations[0].TimeAggregation, query.Aggregations[0].TableHints)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
+	}
 	if query.Aggregations[0].TimeAggregation == metrictypes.TimeAggregationRate {
 		aggCol = fmt.Sprintf("%s/%d", aggCol, stepSec)
 	}
@@ -150,7 +155,7 @@ func (b *meterQueryStatementBuilder) buildTemporalAggDeltaFastPath(
 			Variables:        variables,
 		}, start, end)
 		if err != nil {
-			return "", []any{}, err
+			return "", nil, err
 		}
 	}
 	if filterWhere != nil {
@@ -208,8 +213,11 @@ func (b *meterQueryStatementBuilder) buildTemporalAggDelta(
 	}
 
 	tbl := WhichSamplesTableToUse(start, end, query.Aggregations[0].Type, query.Aggregations[0].TimeAggregation, query.Aggregations[0].TableHints)
-	aggCol := AggregationColumnForSamplesTable(start, end, query.Aggregations[0].Type, query.Aggregations[0].Temporality,
+	aggCol, err := AggregationColumnForSamplesTable(start, end, query.Aggregations[0].Type, query.Aggregations[0].Temporality,
 		query.Aggregations[0].TimeAggregation, query.Aggregations[0].TableHints)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
+	}
 	if query.Aggregations[0].TimeAggregation == metrictypes.TimeAggregationRate {
 		aggCol = fmt.Sprintf("%s/%d", aggCol, stepSec)
 	}
@@ -278,7 +286,10 @@ func (b *meterQueryStatementBuilder) buildTemporalAggCumulativeOrUnspecified(
 	}
 
 	tbl := WhichSamplesTableToUse(start, end, query.Aggregations[0].Type, query.Aggregations[0].TimeAggregation, query.Aggregations[0].TableHints)
-	aggCol := AggregationColumnForSamplesTable(start, end, query.Aggregations[0].Type, query.Aggregations[0].Temporality, query.Aggregations[0].TimeAggregation, query.Aggregations[0].TableHints)
+	aggCol, err := AggregationColumnForSamplesTable(start, end, query.Aggregations[0].Type, query.Aggregations[0].Temporality, query.Aggregations[0].TimeAggregation, query.Aggregations[0].TableHints)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
+	}
 	baseSb.SelectMore(fmt.Sprintf("%s AS per_series_value", aggCol))
 
 	baseSb.From(fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s AS points", DBName, tbl))
@@ -315,25 +326,23 @@ func (b *meterQueryStatementBuilder) buildTemporalAggCumulativeOrUnspecified(
 
 	switch query.Aggregations[0].TimeAggregation {
 	case metrictypes.TimeAggregationRate:
-		rateExpr := fmt.Sprintf(telemetrymetrics.RateWithoutNegative, start, start)
 		wrapped := sqlbuilder.NewSelectBuilder()
 		wrapped.Select("ts")
 		for _, g := range query.GroupBy {
 			wrapped.SelectMore(fmt.Sprintf("`%s`", g.TelemetryFieldKey.Name))
 		}
-		wrapped.SelectMore(fmt.Sprintf("%s AS per_series_value", rateExpr))
+		wrapped.SelectMore(fmt.Sprintf("%s AS per_series_value", telemetrymetrics.RateTmpl))
 		wrapped.From(fmt.Sprintf("(%s) WINDOW rate_window AS (PARTITION BY fingerprint ORDER BY fingerprint, ts)", innerQuery))
 		q, args := wrapped.BuildWithFlavor(sqlbuilder.ClickHouse, innerArgs...)
 		return fmt.Sprintf("__temporal_aggregation_cte AS (%s)", q), args, nil
 
 	case metrictypes.TimeAggregationIncrease:
-		incExpr := fmt.Sprintf(telemetrymetrics.IncreaseWithoutNegative, start, start)
 		wrapped := sqlbuilder.NewSelectBuilder()
 		wrapped.Select("ts")
 		for _, g := range query.GroupBy {
 			wrapped.SelectMore(fmt.Sprintf("`%s`", g.TelemetryFieldKey.Name))
 		}
-		wrapped.SelectMore(fmt.Sprintf("%s AS per_series_value", incExpr))
+		wrapped.SelectMore(fmt.Sprintf("%s AS per_series_value", telemetrymetrics.IncreaseTmpl))
 		wrapped.From(fmt.Sprintf("(%s) WINDOW rate_window AS (PARTITION BY fingerprint ORDER BY fingerprint, ts)", innerQuery))
 		q, args := wrapped.BuildWithFlavor(sqlbuilder.ClickHouse, innerArgs...)
 		return fmt.Sprintf("__temporal_aggregation_cte AS (%s)", q), args, nil
@@ -348,7 +357,15 @@ func (b *meterQueryStatementBuilder) buildSpatialAggregationCTE(
 	_ uint64,
 	query qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.MetricAggregation],
 	_ map[string][]*telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey,
-) (string, []any) {
+) (string, []any, error) {
+
+	if query.Aggregations[0].SpaceAggregation.IsZero() {
+		return "", nil, errors.Newf(
+			errors.TypeInvalidInput,
+			errors.CodeInvalidInput,
+			"invalid space aggregation, should be one of the following: [`sum`, `avg`, `min`, `max`, `count`]",
+		)
+	}
 	sb := sqlbuilder.NewSelectBuilder()
 
 	sb.Select("ts")
@@ -365,5 +382,5 @@ func (b *meterQueryStatementBuilder) buildSpatialAggregationCTE(
 	sb.GroupBy(querybuilder.GroupByKeys(query.GroupBy)...)
 
 	q, args := sb.BuildWithFlavor(sqlbuilder.ClickHouse)
-	return fmt.Sprintf("__spatial_aggregation_cte AS (%s)", q), args
+	return fmt.Sprintf("__spatial_aggregation_cte AS (%s)", q), args, nil
 }

pkg/telemetrymeter/stmt_builder_test.go

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ func TestStatementBuilder(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			},
 			expected: qbtypes.Statement{
-				Query: "WITH __temporal_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT ts, `service.name`, If((per_series_value - lagInFrame(per_series_value, 1, 0) OVER rate_window) < 0, per_series_value / (ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1, toDateTime(fromUnixTimestamp64Milli(1747785600000))) OVER rate_window), (per_series_value - lagInFrame(per_series_value, 1, 0) OVER rate_window) / (ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1, toDateTime(fromUnixTimestamp64Milli(1747785600000))) OVER rate_window)) AS per_series_value FROM (SELECT fingerprint, toStartOfInterval(toDateTime(intDiv(unix_milli, 1000)), toIntervalSecond(86400)) AS ts, JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') AS `service.name`, max(value) AS per_series_value FROM signoz_meter.distributed_samples AS points WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli < ? AND JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') = ? AND LOWER(temporality) LIKE LOWER(?) GROUP BY fingerprint, ts, `service.name` ORDER BY fingerprint, ts) WINDOW rate_window AS (PARTITION BY fingerprint ORDER BY fingerprint, ts)), __spatial_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT ts, `service.name`, sum(per_series_value) AS value FROM __temporal_aggregation_cte WHERE isNaN(per_series_value) = ? GROUP BY ts, `service.name`) SELECT * FROM __spatial_aggregation_cte",
+				Query: "WITH __temporal_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT ts, `service.name`, multiIf(row_number() OVER rate_window = 1, nan, (per_series_value - lagInFrame(per_series_value, 1) OVER rate_window) < 0, per_series_value / (ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1) OVER rate_window), (per_series_value - lagInFrame(per_series_value, 1) OVER rate_window) / (ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1) OVER rate_window)) AS per_series_value FROM (SELECT fingerprint, toStartOfInterval(toDateTime(intDiv(unix_milli, 1000)), toIntervalSecond(86400)) AS ts, JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') AS `service.name`, max(value) AS per_series_value FROM signoz_meter.distributed_samples AS points WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli < ? AND JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') = ? AND LOWER(temporality) LIKE LOWER(?) GROUP BY fingerprint, ts, `service.name` ORDER BY fingerprint, ts) WINDOW rate_window AS (PARTITION BY fingerprint ORDER BY fingerprint, ts)), __spatial_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT ts, `service.name`, sum(per_series_value) AS value FROM __temporal_aggregation_cte WHERE isNaN(per_series_value) = ? GROUP BY ts, `service.name`) SELECT * FROM __spatial_aggregation_cte ORDER BY `service.name`, ts",
 				Args:  []any{"signoz_calls_total", uint64(1747785600000), uint64(1747983420000), "cartservice", "cumulative", 0},
 			},
 			expectedErr: nil,
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ func TestStatementBuilder(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			},
 			expected: qbtypes.Statement{
-				Query: "WITH __spatial_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT toStartOfInterval(toDateTime(intDiv(unix_milli, 1000)), toIntervalSecond(86400)) AS ts, JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') AS `service.name`, sum(value)/86400 AS value FROM signoz_meter.distributed_samples AS points WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli < ? AND JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') = ? AND LOWER(temporality) LIKE LOWER(?) GROUP BY ts, `service.name`) SELECT * FROM __spatial_aggregation_cte",
+				Query: "WITH __spatial_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT toStartOfInterval(toDateTime(intDiv(unix_milli, 1000)), toIntervalSecond(86400)) AS ts, JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') AS `service.name`, sum(value)/86400 AS value FROM signoz_meter.distributed_samples AS points WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli < ? AND JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') = ? AND LOWER(temporality) LIKE LOWER(?) GROUP BY ts, `service.name`) SELECT * FROM __spatial_aggregation_cte ORDER BY `service.name`, ts",
 				Args:  []any{"signoz_calls_total", uint64(1747872000000), uint64(1747983420000), "cartservice", "delta"},
 			},
 			expectedErr: nil,
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ func TestStatementBuilder(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			},
 			expected: qbtypes.Statement{
-				Query: "WITH __temporal_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT fingerprint, toStartOfInterval(toDateTime(intDiv(unix_milli, 1000)), toIntervalSecond(86400)) AS ts, JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') AS `service.name`, sum(value)/86400 AS per_series_value FROM signoz_meter.distributed_samples AS points WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli < ? AND JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') = ? AND LOWER(temporality) LIKE LOWER(?) GROUP BY fingerprint, ts, `service.name` ORDER BY fingerprint, ts), __spatial_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT ts, `service.name`, avg(per_series_value) AS value FROM __temporal_aggregation_cte WHERE isNaN(per_series_value) = ? GROUP BY ts, `service.name`) SELECT * FROM __spatial_aggregation_cte",
+				Query: "WITH __temporal_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT fingerprint, toStartOfInterval(toDateTime(intDiv(unix_milli, 1000)), toIntervalSecond(86400)) AS ts, JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') AS `service.name`, sum(value)/86400 AS per_series_value FROM signoz_meter.distributed_samples AS points WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli < ? AND JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') = ? AND LOWER(temporality) LIKE LOWER(?) GROUP BY fingerprint, ts, `service.name` ORDER BY fingerprint, ts), __spatial_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT ts, `service.name`, avg(per_series_value) AS value FROM __temporal_aggregation_cte WHERE isNaN(per_series_value) = ? GROUP BY ts, `service.name`) SELECT * FROM __spatial_aggregation_cte ORDER BY `service.name`, ts",
 				Args:  []any{"signoz_calls_total", uint64(1747872000000), uint64(1747983420000), "cartservice", "delta", 0},
 			},
 			expectedErr: nil,
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ func TestStatementBuilder(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			},
 			expected: qbtypes.Statement{
-				Query: "WITH __temporal_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT fingerprint, toStartOfInterval(toDateTime(intDiv(unix_milli, 1000)), toIntervalSecond(86400)) AS ts, JSONExtractString(labels, 'host.name') AS `host.name`, avg(value) AS per_series_value FROM signoz_meter.distributed_samples AS points WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli < ? AND JSONExtractString(labels, 'host.name') = ? AND LOWER(temporality) LIKE LOWER(?) GROUP BY fingerprint, ts, `host.name` ORDER BY fingerprint, ts), __spatial_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT ts, `host.name`, sum(per_series_value) AS value FROM __temporal_aggregation_cte WHERE isNaN(per_series_value) = ? GROUP BY ts, `host.name`) SELECT * FROM __spatial_aggregation_cte",
+				Query: "WITH __temporal_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT fingerprint, toStartOfInterval(toDateTime(intDiv(unix_milli, 1000)), toIntervalSecond(86400)) AS ts, JSONExtractString(labels, 'host.name') AS `host.name`, avg(value) AS per_series_value FROM signoz_meter.distributed_samples AS points WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli < ? AND JSONExtractString(labels, 'host.name') = ? AND LOWER(temporality) LIKE LOWER(?) GROUP BY fingerprint, ts, `host.name` ORDER BY fingerprint, ts), __spatial_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT ts, `host.name`, sum(per_series_value) AS value FROM __temporal_aggregation_cte WHERE isNaN(per_series_value) = ? GROUP BY ts, `host.name`) SELECT * FROM __spatial_aggregation_cte ORDER BY `host.name`, ts",
 				Args:  []any{"system.memory.usage", uint64(1747872000000), uint64(1747983420000), "big-data-node-1", "unspecified", 0},
 			},
 			expectedErr: nil,

pkg/telemetrymeter/tables.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package telemetrymeter
 import (
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/metrictypes"
 )
 
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ func AggregationColumnForSamplesTable(
 	temporality metrictypes.Temporality,
 	timeAggregation metrictypes.TimeAggregation,
 	tableHints *metrictypes.MetricTableHints,
-) string {
+) (string, error) {
 	tableName := WhichSamplesTableToUse(start, end, metricType, timeAggregation, tableHints)
 	var aggregationColumn string
 	switch temporality {
@@ -190,5 +191,13 @@ func AggregationColumnForSamplesTable(
 		}
 
 	}
-	return aggregationColumn
+
+	if aggregationColumn == "" {
+		return "", errors.Newf(
+			errors.TypeInvalidInput,
+			errors.CodeInvalidInput,
+			"invalid time aggregation, should be one of the following: [`latest`, `sum`, `avg`, `min`, `max`, `count`, `rate`, `increase`]",
+		)
+	}
+	return aggregationColumn, nil
 }

pkg/telemetrymetrics/condition_builder.go

@@ -29,13 +29,7 @@ func (c *conditionBuilder) conditionFor(
 	sb *sqlbuilder.SelectBuilder,
 ) (string, error) {
 
-	switch operator {
-	case qbtypes.FilterOperatorContains,
-		qbtypes.FilterOperatorNotContains,
-		qbtypes.FilterOperatorILike,
-		qbtypes.FilterOperatorNotILike,
-		qbtypes.FilterOperatorLike,
-		qbtypes.FilterOperatorNotLike:
+	if operator.IsStringSearchOperator() {
 		value = querybuilder.FormatValueForContains(value)
 	}
 
@@ -44,6 +38,18 @@ func (c *conditionBuilder) conditionFor(
 		return "", err
 	}
 
+	// TODO(srikanthccv): use the same data type collision handling when metrics schemas are updated
+	switch v := value.(type) {
+	case float64:
+		tblFieldName = fmt.Sprintf("toFloat64OrNull(%s)", tblFieldName)
+	case []any:
+		if len(v) > 0 && (operator == qbtypes.FilterOperatorBetween || operator == qbtypes.FilterOperatorNotBetween) {
+			if _, ok := v[0].(float64); ok {
+				tblFieldName = fmt.Sprintf("toFloat64OrNull(%s)", tblFieldName)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	switch operator {
 	case qbtypes.FilterOperatorEqual:
 		return sb.E(tblFieldName, value), nil

pkg/telemetrymetrics/statement_builder.go

@@ -5,67 +5,27 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
 
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/factory"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/flagger"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/querybuilder"
-	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/featuretypes"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/metrictypes"
 	qbtypes "github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/querybuildertypes/querybuildertypesv5"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/telemetrytypes"
-	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/valuer"
 	"github.com/huandu/go-sqlbuilder"
 	"golang.org/x/exp/slices"
 )
 
 const (
-	RateWithoutNegative     = `If((per_series_value - lagInFrame(per_series_value, 1, 0) OVER rate_window) < 0, per_series_value / (ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1, toDateTime(fromUnixTimestamp64Milli(%d))) OVER rate_window), (per_series_value - lagInFrame(per_series_value, 1, 0) OVER rate_window) / (ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1, toDateTime(fromUnixTimestamp64Milli(%d))) OVER rate_window))`
-	IncreaseWithoutNegative = `If((per_series_value - lagInFrame(per_series_value, 1, 0) OVER rate_window) < 0, per_series_value, ((per_series_value - lagInFrame(per_series_value, 1, 0) OVER rate_window) / (ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1, toDateTime(fromUnixTimestamp64Milli(%d))) OVER rate_window)) * (ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1, toDateTime(fromUnixTimestamp64Milli(%d))) OVER rate_window))`
+	RateTmpl = `multiIf(row_number() OVER rate_window = 1, nan, (per_series_value - lagInFrame(per_series_value, 1) OVER rate_window) < 0, per_series_value / (ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1) OVER rate_window), (per_series_value - lagInFrame(per_series_value, 1) OVER rate_window) / (ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1) OVER rate_window))`
 
-	RateWithoutNegativeMultiTemporality     = `IF(LOWER(temporality) LIKE LOWER('delta'), %s, IF((%s - lagInFrame(%s, 1, 0) OVER rate_window) < 0, %s / (ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1, toDateTime(fromUnixTimestamp64Milli(%d))) OVER rate_window), (%s - lagInFrame(%s, 1, 0) OVER rate_window) / (ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1, toDateTime(fromUnixTimestamp64Milli(%d))) OVER rate_window))) AS per_series_value`
-	IncreaseWithoutNegativeMultiTemporality = `IF(LOWER(temporality) LIKE LOWER('delta'), %s, IF((%s - lagInFrame(%s, 1, 0) OVER rate_window) < 0, %s, ((%s - lagInFrame(%s, 1, 0) OVER rate_window) / (ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1, toDateTime(fromUnixTimestamp64Milli(%d))) OVER rate_window)) * (ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1, toDateTime(fromUnixTimestamp64Milli(%d))) OVER rate_window))) AS per_series_value`
-	OthersMultiTemporality                  = `IF(LOWER(temporality) LIKE LOWER('delta'), %s, %s) AS per_series_value`
+	IncreaseTmpl = `multiIf(row_number() OVER rate_window = 1, nan, (per_series_value - lagInFrame(per_series_value, 1) OVER rate_window) < 0, per_series_value, per_series_value - lagInFrame(per_series_value, 1) OVER rate_window)`
 
-	RateWithInterpolation = `
-		CASE 
-			WHEN row_number() OVER rate_window = 1 THEN 
-				-- First row: try to interpolate using next value
-				CASE 
-					WHEN leadInFrame(per_series_value, 1) OVER rate_window IS NOT NULL THEN
-						-- Assume linear growth to next point
-						(leadInFrame(per_series_value, 1) OVER rate_window - per_series_value) / 
-						(leadInFrame(ts, 1) OVER rate_window - ts)
-					ELSE 
-						0  -- No next value either, can't interpolate
-				END
-			WHEN (per_series_value - lagInFrame(per_series_value, 1) OVER rate_window) < 0 THEN
-				-- Counter reset detected
-				per_series_value / (ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1) OVER rate_window)
-			ELSE 
-				-- Normal case: calculate rate
-				(per_series_value - lagInFrame(per_series_value, 1) OVER rate_window) / 
-				(ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1) OVER rate_window)
-		END`
+	RateMultiTemporalityTmpl = `IF(LOWER(temporality) LIKE LOWER('delta'), %s, multiIf(row_number() OVER rate_window = 1, nan, (%s - lagInFrame(%s, 1) OVER rate_window) < 0, %s / (ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1) OVER rate_window), (%s - lagInFrame(%s, 1) OVER rate_window) / (ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1) OVER rate_window))) AS per_series_value`
 
-	IncreaseWithInterpolation = `
-		CASE 
-			WHEN row_number() OVER rate_window = 1 THEN 
-				-- First row: try to interpolate using next value
-				CASE 
-					WHEN leadInFrame(per_series_value, 1) OVER rate_window IS NOT NULL THEN
-						-- Calculate the interpolated increase for this interval
-						((leadInFrame(per_series_value, 1) OVER rate_window - per_series_value) / 
-						 (leadInFrame(ts, 1) OVER rate_window - ts)) * 
-						(leadInFrame(ts, 1) OVER rate_window - ts)
-					ELSE 
-						0  -- No next value either, can't interpolate
-				END
-			WHEN (per_series_value - lagInFrame(per_series_value, 1) OVER rate_window) < 0 THEN
-				-- Counter reset detected: the increase is the current value
-				per_series_value
-			ELSE 
-				-- Normal case: calculate increase
-				(per_series_value - lagInFrame(per_series_value, 1) OVER rate_window)
-		END`
+	IncreaseMultiTemporality = `IF(LOWER(temporality) LIKE LOWER('delta'), %s, multiIf(row_number() OVER rate_window = 1, nan, (%s - lagInFrame(%s, 1) OVER rate_window) < 0, %s, (%s - lagInFrame(%s, 1) OVER rate_window))) AS per_series_value`
+
+	OthersMultiTemporality = `IF(LOWER(temporality) LIKE LOWER('delta'), %s, %s) AS per_series_value`
 )
 
 type MetricQueryStatementBuilder struct {
@@ -147,54 +107,6 @@ func (b *MetricQueryStatementBuilder) Build(
 	return b.buildPipelineStatement(ctx, start, end, query, keys, variables)
 }
 
-// Fast‑path (no fingerprint grouping)
-// canShortCircuitDelta returns true if we can use the optimized query
-// for the given query
-// This is used to avoid the group by fingerprint thus improving the performance
-// for certain queries
-// cases where we can short circuit:
-// 1. time aggregation = (rate|increase) and space aggregation = sum
-//   - rate = sum(value)/step, increase = sum(value) - sum of sums is same as sum of all values
-//
-// 2. time aggregation = sum and space aggregation = sum
-//   - sum of sums is same as sum of all values
-//
-// 3. time aggregation = min and space aggregation = min
-//   - min of mins is same as min of all values
-//
-// 4. time aggregation = max and space aggregation = max
-//   - max of maxs is same as max of all values
-//
-// 5. special case exphist, there is no need for per series/fingerprint aggregation
-// we can directly use the quantilesDDMerge function
-//
-// all of this is true only for delta metrics
-func (b *MetricQueryStatementBuilder) CanShortCircuitDelta(q qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.MetricAggregation]) bool {
-	if q.Aggregations[0].Temporality != metrictypes.Delta {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	ta := q.Aggregations[0].TimeAggregation
-	sa := q.Aggregations[0].SpaceAggregation
-
-	if (ta == metrictypes.TimeAggregationRate || ta == metrictypes.TimeAggregationIncrease) && sa == metrictypes.SpaceAggregationSum {
-		return true
-	}
-	if ta == metrictypes.TimeAggregationSum && sa == metrictypes.SpaceAggregationSum {
-		return true
-	}
-	if ta == metrictypes.TimeAggregationMin && sa == metrictypes.SpaceAggregationMin {
-		return true
-	}
-	if ta == metrictypes.TimeAggregationMax && sa == metrictypes.SpaceAggregationMax {
-		return true
-	}
-	if q.Aggregations[0].Type == metrictypes.ExpHistogramType && sa.IsPercentile() {
-		return true
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
 func (b *MetricQueryStatementBuilder) buildPipelineStatement(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	start, end uint64,
@@ -256,10 +168,11 @@ func (b *MetricQueryStatementBuilder) buildPipelineStatement(
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	if b.CanShortCircuitDelta(query) {
+	if qbtypes.CanShortCircuitDelta(query.Aggregations[0]) {
 		// spatial_aggregation_cte directly for certain delta queries
-		frag, args := b.buildTemporalAggDeltaFastPath(start, end, query, timeSeriesCTE, timeSeriesCTEArgs)
-		if frag != "" {
+		if frag, args, err := b.buildTemporalAggDeltaFastPath(start, end, query, timeSeriesCTE, timeSeriesCTEArgs); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		} else if frag != "" {
 			cteFragments = append(cteFragments, frag)
 			cteArgs = append(cteArgs, args)
 		}
@@ -273,8 +186,9 @@ func (b *MetricQueryStatementBuilder) buildPipelineStatement(
 		}
 
 		// spatial_aggregation_cte
-		frag, args := b.buildSpatialAggregationCTE(ctx, start, end, query, keys)
-		if frag != "" {
+		if frag, args, err := b.buildSpatialAggregationCTE(ctx, start, end, query, keys); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		} else if frag != "" {
 			cteFragments = append(cteFragments, frag)
 			cteArgs = append(cteArgs, args)
 		}
@@ -294,7 +208,7 @@ func (b *MetricQueryStatementBuilder) buildTemporalAggDeltaFastPath(
 	query qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.MetricAggregation],
 	timeSeriesCTE string,
 	timeSeriesCTEArgs []any,
-) (string, []any) {
+) (string, []any, error) {
 	stepSec := int64(query.StepInterval.Seconds())
 
 	sb := sqlbuilder.NewSelectBuilder()
@@ -307,11 +221,15 @@ func (b *MetricQueryStatementBuilder) buildTemporalAggDeltaFastPath(
 		sb.SelectMore(fmt.Sprintf("`%s`", g.TelemetryFieldKey.Name))
 	}
 
-	aggCol := AggregationColumnForSamplesTable(
+	aggCol, err := AggregationColumnForSamplesTable(
 		start, end, query.Aggregations[0].Type, query.Aggregations[0].Temporality,
 		query.Aggregations[0].TimeAggregation, query.Aggregations[0].TableHints,
 	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
+	}
 	if query.Aggregations[0].TimeAggregation == metrictypes.TimeAggregationRate {
+		// TODO(srikanthccv): should it be step interval or use [start_time_unix_nano](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-proto/blob/d3fb76d70deb0874692bd0ebe03148580d85f3bb/opentelemetry/proto/metrics/v1/metrics.proto#L400C11-L400C31)?
 		aggCol = fmt.Sprintf("%s/%d", aggCol, stepSec)
 	}
 
@@ -334,7 +252,7 @@ func (b *MetricQueryStatementBuilder) buildTemporalAggDeltaFastPath(
 	sb.GroupBy(querybuilder.GroupByKeys(query.GroupBy)...)
 
 	q, args := sb.BuildWithFlavor(sqlbuilder.ClickHouse, timeSeriesCTEArgs...)
-	return fmt.Sprintf("__spatial_aggregation_cte AS (%s)", q), args
+	return fmt.Sprintf("__spatial_aggregation_cte AS (%s)", q), args, nil
 }
 
 func (b *MetricQueryStatementBuilder) buildTimeSeriesCTE(
@@ -437,8 +355,12 @@ func (b *MetricQueryStatementBuilder) buildTemporalAggDelta(
 		sb.SelectMore(fmt.Sprintf("`%s`", g.TelemetryFieldKey.Name))
 	}
 
-	aggCol := AggregationColumnForSamplesTable(start, end, query.Aggregations[0].Type, query.Aggregations[0].Temporality, query.Aggregations[0].TimeAggregation, query.Aggregations[0].TableHints)
+	aggCol, err := AggregationColumnForSamplesTable(start, end, query.Aggregations[0].Type, query.Aggregations[0].Temporality, query.Aggregations[0].TimeAggregation, query.Aggregations[0].TableHints)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
+	}
 	if query.Aggregations[0].TimeAggregation == metrictypes.TimeAggregationRate {
+		// TODO(srikanthccv): should it be step interval or use [start_time_unix_nano](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-proto/blob/d3fb76d70deb0874692bd0ebe03148580d85f3bb/opentelemetry/proto/metrics/v1/metrics.proto#L400C11-L400C31)?
 		aggCol = fmt.Sprintf("%s/%d", aggCol, stepSec)
 	}
 
@@ -461,7 +383,7 @@ func (b *MetricQueryStatementBuilder) buildTemporalAggDelta(
 }
 
 func (b *MetricQueryStatementBuilder) buildTemporalAggCumulativeOrUnspecified(
-	ctx context.Context,
+	_ context.Context,
 	start, end uint64,
 	query qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.MetricAggregation],
 	timeSeriesCTE string,
@@ -479,7 +401,10 @@ func (b *MetricQueryStatementBuilder) buildTemporalAggCumulativeOrUnspecified(
 		baseSb.SelectMore(fmt.Sprintf("`%s`", g.TelemetryFieldKey.Name))
 	}
 
-	aggCol := AggregationColumnForSamplesTable(start, end, query.Aggregations[0].Type, query.Aggregations[0].Temporality, query.Aggregations[0].TimeAggregation, query.Aggregations[0].TableHints)
+	aggCol, err := AggregationColumnForSamplesTable(start, end, query.Aggregations[0].Type, query.Aggregations[0].Temporality, query.Aggregations[0].TimeAggregation, query.Aggregations[0].TableHints)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
+	}
 	baseSb.SelectMore(fmt.Sprintf("%s AS per_series_value", aggCol))
 
 	tbl := WhichSamplesTableToUse(start, end, query.Aggregations[0].Type, query.Aggregations[0].TimeAggregation, query.Aggregations[0].TableHints)
@@ -496,36 +421,25 @@ func (b *MetricQueryStatementBuilder) buildTemporalAggCumulativeOrUnspecified(
 
 	innerQuery, innerArgs := baseSb.BuildWithFlavor(sqlbuilder.ClickHouse, timeSeriesCTEArgs...)
 
-	// ! TODO (balanikaran) Get OrgID via function parameter instead of valuer.GenerateUUID()
-	interpolationEnabled := b.flagger.BooleanOrEmpty(ctx, flagger.FeatureInterpolationEnabled, featuretypes.NewFlaggerEvaluationContext(valuer.GenerateUUID()))
-
 	switch query.Aggregations[0].TimeAggregation {
 	case metrictypes.TimeAggregationRate:
-		rateExpr := fmt.Sprintf(RateWithoutNegative, start, start)
-		if interpolationEnabled {
-			rateExpr = RateWithInterpolation
-		}
 		wrapped := sqlbuilder.NewSelectBuilder()
 		wrapped.Select("ts")
 		for _, g := range query.GroupBy {
 			wrapped.SelectMore(fmt.Sprintf("`%s`", g.TelemetryFieldKey.Name))
 		}
-		wrapped.SelectMore(fmt.Sprintf("%s AS per_series_value", rateExpr))
+		wrapped.SelectMore(fmt.Sprintf("%s AS per_series_value", RateTmpl))
 		wrapped.From(fmt.Sprintf("(%s) WINDOW rate_window AS (PARTITION BY fingerprint ORDER BY fingerprint, ts)", innerQuery))
 		q, args := wrapped.BuildWithFlavor(sqlbuilder.ClickHouse, innerArgs...)
 		return fmt.Sprintf("__temporal_aggregation_cte AS (%s)", q), args, nil
 
 	case metrictypes.TimeAggregationIncrease:
-		incExpr := fmt.Sprintf(IncreaseWithoutNegative, start, start)
-		if interpolationEnabled {
-			incExpr = IncreaseWithInterpolation
-		}
 		wrapped := sqlbuilder.NewSelectBuilder()
 		wrapped.Select("ts")
 		for _, g := range query.GroupBy {
 			wrapped.SelectMore(fmt.Sprintf("`%s`", g.TelemetryFieldKey.Name))
 		}
-		wrapped.SelectMore(fmt.Sprintf("%s AS per_series_value", incExpr))
+		wrapped.SelectMore(fmt.Sprintf("%s AS per_series_value", IncreaseTmpl))
 		wrapped.From(fmt.Sprintf("(%s) WINDOW rate_window AS (PARTITION BY fingerprint ORDER BY fingerprint, ts)", innerQuery))
 		q, args := wrapped.BuildWithFlavor(sqlbuilder.ClickHouse, innerArgs...)
 		return fmt.Sprintf("__temporal_aggregation_cte AS (%s)", q), args, nil
@@ -534,7 +448,6 @@ func (b *MetricQueryStatementBuilder) buildTemporalAggCumulativeOrUnspecified(
 	}
 }
 
-// because RateInterpolation is not enabled anywhere due to some gaps in the logic wrt cache handling, it hasn't been considered for the multi temporality
 func (b *MetricQueryStatementBuilder) buildTemporalAggForMultipleTemporalities(
 	_ context.Context,
 	start, end uint64,
@@ -553,18 +466,32 @@ func (b *MetricQueryStatementBuilder) buildTemporalAggForMultipleTemporalities(
 		sb.SelectMore(fmt.Sprintf("`%s`", g.TelemetryFieldKey.Name))
 	}
 
-	aggForDeltaTemporality := AggregationColumnForSamplesTable(start, end, query.Aggregations[0].Type, metrictypes.Delta, query.Aggregations[0].TimeAggregation, query.Aggregations[0].TableHints)
-	aggForCumulativeTemporality := AggregationColumnForSamplesTable(start, end, query.Aggregations[0].Type, metrictypes.Cumulative, query.Aggregations[0].TimeAggregation, query.Aggregations[0].TableHints)
+	aggForDeltaTemporality, err := AggregationColumnForSamplesTable(start, end, query.Aggregations[0].Type, metrictypes.Delta, query.Aggregations[0].TimeAggregation, query.Aggregations[0].TableHints)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
+	}
+	aggForCumulativeTemporality, err := AggregationColumnForSamplesTable(start, end, query.Aggregations[0].Type, metrictypes.Cumulative, query.Aggregations[0].TimeAggregation, query.Aggregations[0].TableHints)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
+	}
 	if query.Aggregations[0].TimeAggregation == metrictypes.TimeAggregationRate {
 		aggForDeltaTemporality = fmt.Sprintf("%s/%d", aggForDeltaTemporality, stepSec)
 	}
 
 	switch query.Aggregations[0].TimeAggregation {
 	case metrictypes.TimeAggregationRate:
-		rateExpr := fmt.Sprintf(RateWithoutNegativeMultiTemporality, aggForDeltaTemporality, aggForCumulativeTemporality, aggForCumulativeTemporality, aggForCumulativeTemporality, start, aggForCumulativeTemporality, aggForCumulativeTemporality, start)
+		rateExpr := fmt.Sprintf(RateMultiTemporalityTmpl,
+			aggForDeltaTemporality,
+			aggForCumulativeTemporality, aggForCumulativeTemporality, aggForCumulativeTemporality,
+			aggForCumulativeTemporality, aggForCumulativeTemporality,
+		)
 		sb.SelectMore(rateExpr)
 	case metrictypes.TimeAggregationIncrease:
-		increaseExpr := fmt.Sprintf(IncreaseWithoutNegativeMultiTemporality, aggForDeltaTemporality, aggForCumulativeTemporality, aggForCumulativeTemporality, aggForCumulativeTemporality, aggForCumulativeTemporality, aggForCumulativeTemporality, start, start)
+		increaseExpr := fmt.Sprintf(IncreaseMultiTemporality,
+			aggForDeltaTemporality,
+			aggForCumulativeTemporality, aggForCumulativeTemporality, aggForCumulativeTemporality,
+			aggForCumulativeTemporality, aggForCumulativeTemporality,
+		)
 		sb.SelectMore(increaseExpr)
 	default:
 		expr := fmt.Sprintf(OthersMultiTemporality, aggForDeltaTemporality, aggForCumulativeTemporality)
@@ -592,7 +519,14 @@ func (b *MetricQueryStatementBuilder) buildSpatialAggregationCTE(
 	_ uint64,
 	query qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.MetricAggregation],
 	_ map[string][]*telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey,
-) (string, []any) {
+) (string, []any, error) {
+	if query.Aggregations[0].SpaceAggregation.IsZero() {
+		return "", nil, errors.Newf(
+			errors.TypeInvalidInput,
+			errors.CodeInvalidInput,
+			"invalid space aggregation, should be one of the following: [`sum`, `avg`, `min`, `max`, `count`, `p50`, `p75`, `p90`, `p95`, `p99`]",
+		)
+	}
 	sb := sqlbuilder.NewSelectBuilder()
 
 	sb.Select("ts")
@@ -609,7 +543,7 @@ func (b *MetricQueryStatementBuilder) buildSpatialAggregationCTE(
 	sb.GroupBy(querybuilder.GroupByKeys(query.GroupBy)...)
 
 	q, args := sb.BuildWithFlavor(sqlbuilder.ClickHouse)
-	return fmt.Sprintf("__spatial_aggregation_cte AS (%s)", q), args
+	return fmt.Sprintf("__spatial_aggregation_cte AS (%s)", q), args, nil
 }
 
 func (b *MetricQueryStatementBuilder) BuildFinalSelect(
@@ -641,9 +575,7 @@ func (b *MetricQueryStatementBuilder) BuildFinalSelect(
 			quantile,
 		))
 		sb.From("__spatial_aggregation_cte")
-		for _, g := range query.GroupBy {
-			sb.GroupBy(fmt.Sprintf("`%s`", g.TelemetryFieldKey.Name))
-		}
+		sb.GroupBy(querybuilder.GroupByKeys(query.GroupBy)...)
 		sb.GroupBy("ts")
 		if query.Having != nil && query.Having.Expression != "" {
 			rewriter := querybuilder.NewHavingExpressionRewriter()
@@ -659,6 +591,8 @@ func (b *MetricQueryStatementBuilder) BuildFinalSelect(
 			sb.Where(rewrittenExpr)
 		}
 	}
+	sb.OrderBy(querybuilder.GroupByKeys(query.GroupBy)...)
+	sb.OrderBy("ts")
 
 	q, a := sb.BuildWithFlavor(sqlbuilder.ClickHouse)
 	return &qbtypes.Statement{Query: combined + q, Args: append(args, a...)}, nil

pkg/telemetrymetrics/stmt_builder_test.go

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ func TestStatementBuilder(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			},
 			expected: qbtypes.Statement{
-				Query: "WITH __temporal_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT ts, `service.name`, If((per_series_value - lagInFrame(per_series_value, 1, 0) OVER rate_window) < 0, per_series_value / (ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1, toDateTime(fromUnixTimestamp64Milli(1747947360000))) OVER rate_window), (per_series_value - lagInFrame(per_series_value, 1, 0) OVER rate_window) / (ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1, toDateTime(fromUnixTimestamp64Milli(1747947360000))) OVER rate_window)) AS per_series_value FROM (SELECT fingerprint, toStartOfInterval(toDateTime(intDiv(unix_milli, 1000)), toIntervalSecond(30)) AS ts, `service.name`, max(value) AS per_series_value FROM signoz_metrics.distributed_samples_v4 AS points INNER JOIN (SELECT fingerprint, JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') AS `service.name` FROM signoz_metrics.time_series_v4_6hrs WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli <= ? AND LOWER(temporality) LIKE LOWER(?) AND __normalized = ? AND JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') = ? GROUP BY fingerprint, `service.name`) AS filtered_time_series ON points.fingerprint = filtered_time_series.fingerprint WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli < ? GROUP BY fingerprint, ts, `service.name` ORDER BY fingerprint, ts) WINDOW rate_window AS (PARTITION BY fingerprint ORDER BY fingerprint, ts)), __spatial_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT ts, `service.name`, sum(per_series_value) AS value FROM __temporal_aggregation_cte WHERE isNaN(per_series_value) = ? GROUP BY ts, `service.name`) SELECT * FROM __spatial_aggregation_cte",
+				Query: "WITH __temporal_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT ts, `service.name`, multiIf(row_number() OVER rate_window = 1, nan, (per_series_value - lagInFrame(per_series_value, 1) OVER rate_window) < 0, per_series_value / (ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1) OVER rate_window), (per_series_value - lagInFrame(per_series_value, 1) OVER rate_window) / (ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1) OVER rate_window)) AS per_series_value FROM (SELECT fingerprint, toStartOfInterval(toDateTime(intDiv(unix_milli, 1000)), toIntervalSecond(30)) AS ts, `service.name`, max(value) AS per_series_value FROM signoz_metrics.distributed_samples_v4 AS points INNER JOIN (SELECT fingerprint, JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') AS `service.name` FROM signoz_metrics.time_series_v4_6hrs WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli <= ? AND LOWER(temporality) LIKE LOWER(?) AND __normalized = ? AND JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') = ? GROUP BY fingerprint, `service.name`) AS filtered_time_series ON points.fingerprint = filtered_time_series.fingerprint WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli < ? GROUP BY fingerprint, ts, `service.name` ORDER BY fingerprint, ts) WINDOW rate_window AS (PARTITION BY fingerprint ORDER BY fingerprint, ts)), __spatial_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT ts, `service.name`, sum(per_series_value) AS value FROM __temporal_aggregation_cte WHERE isNaN(per_series_value) = ? GROUP BY ts, `service.name`) SELECT * FROM __spatial_aggregation_cte ORDER BY `service.name`, ts",
 				Args:  []any{"signoz_calls_total", uint64(1747936800000), uint64(1747983420000), "cumulative", false, "cartservice", "signoz_calls_total", uint64(1747947360000), uint64(1747983420000), 0},
 			},
 			expectedErr: nil,
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ func TestStatementBuilder(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			},
 			expected: qbtypes.Statement{
-				Query: "WITH __temporal_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT ts, `service.name`, If((per_series_value - lagInFrame(per_series_value, 1, 0) OVER rate_window) < 0, per_series_value / (ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1, toDateTime(fromUnixTimestamp64Milli(1747947360000))) OVER rate_window), (per_series_value - lagInFrame(per_series_value, 1, 0) OVER rate_window) / (ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1, toDateTime(fromUnixTimestamp64Milli(1747947360000))) OVER rate_window)) AS per_series_value FROM (SELECT fingerprint, toStartOfInterval(toDateTime(intDiv(unix_milli, 1000)), toIntervalSecond(30)) AS ts, `service.name`, max(value) AS per_series_value FROM signoz_metrics.distributed_samples_v4 AS points INNER JOIN (SELECT fingerprint, JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') AS `service.name` FROM signoz_metrics.time_series_v4_6hrs WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli <= ? AND LOWER(temporality) LIKE LOWER(?) AND __normalized = ? AND (match(JSONExtractString(labels, 'materialized.key.name'), ?) OR JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') = ?) GROUP BY fingerprint, `service.name`) AS filtered_time_series ON points.fingerprint = filtered_time_series.fingerprint WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli < ? GROUP BY fingerprint, ts, `service.name` ORDER BY fingerprint, ts) WINDOW rate_window AS (PARTITION BY fingerprint ORDER BY fingerprint, ts)), __spatial_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT ts, `service.name`, sum(per_series_value) AS value FROM __temporal_aggregation_cte WHERE isNaN(per_series_value) = ? GROUP BY ts, `service.name`) SELECT * FROM __spatial_aggregation_cte",
+				Query: "WITH __temporal_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT ts, `service.name`, multiIf(row_number() OVER rate_window = 1, nan, (per_series_value - lagInFrame(per_series_value, 1) OVER rate_window) < 0, per_series_value / (ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1) OVER rate_window), (per_series_value - lagInFrame(per_series_value, 1) OVER rate_window) / (ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1) OVER rate_window)) AS per_series_value FROM (SELECT fingerprint, toStartOfInterval(toDateTime(intDiv(unix_milli, 1000)), toIntervalSecond(30)) AS ts, `service.name`, max(value) AS per_series_value FROM signoz_metrics.distributed_samples_v4 AS points INNER JOIN (SELECT fingerprint, JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') AS `service.name` FROM signoz_metrics.time_series_v4_6hrs WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli <= ? AND LOWER(temporality) LIKE LOWER(?) AND __normalized = ? AND (match(JSONExtractString(labels, 'materialized.key.name'), ?) OR JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') = ?) GROUP BY fingerprint, `service.name`) AS filtered_time_series ON points.fingerprint = filtered_time_series.fingerprint WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli < ? GROUP BY fingerprint, ts, `service.name` ORDER BY fingerprint, ts) WINDOW rate_window AS (PARTITION BY fingerprint ORDER BY fingerprint, ts)), __spatial_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT ts, `service.name`, sum(per_series_value) AS value FROM __temporal_aggregation_cte WHERE isNaN(per_series_value) = ? GROUP BY ts, `service.name`) SELECT * FROM __spatial_aggregation_cte ORDER BY `service.name`, ts",
 				Args:  []any{"signoz_calls_total", uint64(1747936800000), uint64(1747983420000), "cumulative", false, "cartservice", "cartservice", "signoz_calls_total", uint64(1747947360000), uint64(1747983420000), 0},
 			},
 			expectedErr: nil,
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ func TestStatementBuilder(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			},
 			expected: qbtypes.Statement{
-				Query: "WITH __spatial_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT toStartOfInterval(toDateTime(intDiv(unix_milli, 1000)), toIntervalSecond(30)) AS ts, `service.name`, sum(value)/30 AS value FROM signoz_metrics.distributed_samples_v4 AS points INNER JOIN (SELECT fingerprint, JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') AS `service.name` FROM signoz_metrics.time_series_v4_6hrs WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli <= ? AND LOWER(temporality) LIKE LOWER(?) AND __normalized = ? AND JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') = ? GROUP BY fingerprint, `service.name`) AS filtered_time_series ON points.fingerprint = filtered_time_series.fingerprint WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli < ? GROUP BY ts, `service.name`) SELECT * FROM __spatial_aggregation_cte",
+				Query: "WITH __spatial_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT toStartOfInterval(toDateTime(intDiv(unix_milli, 1000)), toIntervalSecond(30)) AS ts, `service.name`, sum(value)/30 AS value FROM signoz_metrics.distributed_samples_v4 AS points INNER JOIN (SELECT fingerprint, JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') AS `service.name` FROM signoz_metrics.time_series_v4_6hrs WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli <= ? AND LOWER(temporality) LIKE LOWER(?) AND __normalized = ? AND JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') = ? GROUP BY fingerprint, `service.name`) AS filtered_time_series ON points.fingerprint = filtered_time_series.fingerprint WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli < ? GROUP BY ts, `service.name`) SELECT * FROM __spatial_aggregation_cte ORDER BY `service.name`, ts",
 				Args:  []any{"signoz_calls_total", uint64(1747936800000), uint64(1747983420000), "delta", false, "cartservice", "signoz_calls_total", uint64(1747947390000), uint64(1747983420000)},
 			},
 			expectedErr: nil,
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ func TestStatementBuilder(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			},
 			expected: qbtypes.Statement{
-				Query: "WITH __spatial_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT toStartOfInterval(toDateTime(intDiv(unix_milli, 1000)), toIntervalSecond(30)) AS ts, `service.name`, `le`, sum(value)/30 AS value FROM signoz_metrics.distributed_samples_v4 AS points INNER JOIN (SELECT fingerprint, JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') AS `service.name`, JSONExtractString(labels, 'le') AS `le` FROM signoz_metrics.time_series_v4_6hrs WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli <= ? AND LOWER(temporality) LIKE LOWER(?) AND __normalized = ? AND JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') = ? GROUP BY fingerprint, `service.name`, `le`) AS filtered_time_series ON points.fingerprint = filtered_time_series.fingerprint WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli < ? GROUP BY ts, `service.name`, `le`) SELECT ts, `service.name`, histogramQuantile(arrayMap(x -> toFloat64(x), groupArray(le)), groupArray(value), 0.950) AS value FROM __spatial_aggregation_cte GROUP BY `service.name`, ts",
+				Query: "WITH __spatial_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT toStartOfInterval(toDateTime(intDiv(unix_milli, 1000)), toIntervalSecond(30)) AS ts, `service.name`, `le`, sum(value)/30 AS value FROM signoz_metrics.distributed_samples_v4 AS points INNER JOIN (SELECT fingerprint, JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') AS `service.name`, JSONExtractString(labels, 'le') AS `le` FROM signoz_metrics.time_series_v4_6hrs WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli <= ? AND LOWER(temporality) LIKE LOWER(?) AND __normalized = ? AND JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') = ? GROUP BY fingerprint, `service.name`, `le`) AS filtered_time_series ON points.fingerprint = filtered_time_series.fingerprint WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli < ? GROUP BY ts, `service.name`, `le`) SELECT ts, `service.name`, histogramQuantile(arrayMap(x -> toFloat64(x), groupArray(le)), groupArray(value), 0.950) AS value FROM __spatial_aggregation_cte GROUP BY `service.name`, ts ORDER BY `service.name`, ts",
 				Args:  []any{"signoz_latency", uint64(1747936800000), uint64(1747983420000), "delta", false, "cartservice", "signoz_latency", uint64(1747947390000), uint64(1747983420000)},
 			},
 			expectedErr: nil,
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ func TestStatementBuilder(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			},
 			expected: qbtypes.Statement{
-				Query: "WITH __temporal_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT fingerprint, toStartOfInterval(toDateTime(intDiv(unix_milli, 1000)), toIntervalSecond(30)) AS ts, `host.name`, avg(value) AS per_series_value FROM signoz_metrics.distributed_samples_v4 AS points INNER JOIN (SELECT fingerprint, JSONExtractString(labels, 'host.name') AS `host.name` FROM signoz_metrics.time_series_v4_6hrs WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli <= ? AND LOWER(temporality) LIKE LOWER(?) AND __normalized = ? AND JSONExtractString(labels, 'host.name') = ? GROUP BY fingerprint, `host.name`) AS filtered_time_series ON points.fingerprint = filtered_time_series.fingerprint WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli < ? GROUP BY fingerprint, ts, `host.name` ORDER BY fingerprint, ts), __spatial_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT ts, `host.name`, sum(per_series_value) AS value FROM __temporal_aggregation_cte WHERE isNaN(per_series_value) = ? GROUP BY ts, `host.name`) SELECT * FROM __spatial_aggregation_cte",
+				Query: "WITH __temporal_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT fingerprint, toStartOfInterval(toDateTime(intDiv(unix_milli, 1000)), toIntervalSecond(30)) AS ts, `host.name`, avg(value) AS per_series_value FROM signoz_metrics.distributed_samples_v4 AS points INNER JOIN (SELECT fingerprint, JSONExtractString(labels, 'host.name') AS `host.name` FROM signoz_metrics.time_series_v4_6hrs WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli <= ? AND LOWER(temporality) LIKE LOWER(?) AND __normalized = ? AND JSONExtractString(labels, 'host.name') = ? GROUP BY fingerprint, `host.name`) AS filtered_time_series ON points.fingerprint = filtered_time_series.fingerprint WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli < ? GROUP BY fingerprint, ts, `host.name` ORDER BY fingerprint, ts), __spatial_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT ts, `host.name`, sum(per_series_value) AS value FROM __temporal_aggregation_cte WHERE isNaN(per_series_value) = ? GROUP BY ts, `host.name`) SELECT * FROM __spatial_aggregation_cte ORDER BY `host.name`, ts",
 				Args:  []any{"system.memory.usage", uint64(1747936800000), uint64(1747983420000), "unspecified", false, "big-data-node-1", "system.memory.usage", uint64(1747947390000), uint64(1747983420000), 0},
 			},
 			expectedErr: nil,
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ func TestStatementBuilder(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			},
 			expected: qbtypes.Statement{
-				Query: "WITH __temporal_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT ts, `service.name`, `le`, If((per_series_value - lagInFrame(per_series_value, 1, 0) OVER rate_window) < 0, per_series_value / (ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1, toDateTime(fromUnixTimestamp64Milli(1747947390000))) OVER rate_window), (per_series_value - lagInFrame(per_series_value, 1, 0) OVER rate_window) / (ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1, toDateTime(fromUnixTimestamp64Milli(1747947390000))) OVER rate_window)) AS per_series_value FROM (SELECT fingerprint, toStartOfInterval(toDateTime(intDiv(unix_milli, 1000)), toIntervalSecond(30)) AS ts, `service.name`, `le`, max(value) AS per_series_value FROM signoz_metrics.distributed_samples_v4 AS points INNER JOIN (SELECT fingerprint, JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') AS `service.name`, JSONExtractString(labels, 'le') AS `le` FROM signoz_metrics.time_series_v4_6hrs WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli <= ? AND LOWER(temporality) LIKE LOWER(?) AND __normalized = ? GROUP BY fingerprint, `service.name`, `le`) AS filtered_time_series ON points.fingerprint = filtered_time_series.fingerprint WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli < ? GROUP BY fingerprint, ts, `service.name`, `le` ORDER BY fingerprint, ts) WINDOW rate_window AS (PARTITION BY fingerprint ORDER BY fingerprint, ts)), __spatial_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT ts, `service.name`, `le`, sum(per_series_value) AS value FROM __temporal_aggregation_cte WHERE isNaN(per_series_value) = ? GROUP BY ts, `service.name`, `le`) SELECT ts, `service.name`, histogramQuantile(arrayMap(x -> toFloat64(x), groupArray(le)), groupArray(value), 0.950) AS value FROM __spatial_aggregation_cte GROUP BY `service.name`, ts",
+				Query: "WITH __temporal_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT ts, `service.name`, `le`, multiIf(row_number() OVER rate_window = 1, nan, (per_series_value - lagInFrame(per_series_value, 1) OVER rate_window) < 0, per_series_value / (ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1) OVER rate_window), (per_series_value - lagInFrame(per_series_value, 1) OVER rate_window) / (ts - lagInFrame(ts, 1) OVER rate_window)) AS per_series_value FROM (SELECT fingerprint, toStartOfInterval(toDateTime(intDiv(unix_milli, 1000)), toIntervalSecond(30)) AS ts, `service.name`, `le`, max(value) AS per_series_value FROM signoz_metrics.distributed_samples_v4 AS points INNER JOIN (SELECT fingerprint, JSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') AS `service.name`, JSONExtractString(labels, 'le') AS `le` FROM signoz_metrics.time_series_v4_6hrs WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli <= ? AND LOWER(temporality) LIKE LOWER(?) AND __normalized = ? GROUP BY fingerprint, `service.name`, `le`) AS filtered_time_series ON points.fingerprint = filtered_time_series.fingerprint WHERE metric_name IN (?) AND unix_milli >= ? AND unix_milli < ? GROUP BY fingerprint, ts, `service.name`, `le` ORDER BY fingerprint, ts) WINDOW rate_window AS (PARTITION BY fingerprint ORDER BY fingerprint, ts)), __spatial_aggregation_cte AS (SELECT ts, `service.name`, `le`, sum(per_series_value) AS value FROM __temporal_aggregation_cte WHERE isNaN(per_series_value) = ? GROUP BY ts, `service.name`, `le`) SELECT ts, `service.name`, histogramQuantile(arrayMap(x -> toFloat64(x), groupArray(le)), groupArray(value), 0.950) AS value FROM __spatial_aggregation_cte GROUP BY `service.name`, ts ORDER BY `service.name`, ts",
 				Args:  []any{"http_server_duration_bucket", uint64(1747936800000), uint64(1747983420000), "cumulative", false, "http_server_duration_bucket", uint64(1747947390000), uint64(1747983420000), 0},
 			},
 			expectedErr: nil,

pkg/telemetrymetrics/tables.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package telemetrymetrics
 import (
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/metrictypes"
 )
 
@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ func AggregationColumnForSamplesTable(
 	temporality metrictypes.Temporality,
 	timeAggregation metrictypes.TimeAggregation,
 	tableHints *metrictypes.MetricTableHints,
-) string {
+) (string, error) {
 	tableName := WhichSamplesTableToUse(start, end, metricType, timeAggregation, tableHints)
 	var aggregationColumn string
 	switch temporality {
@@ -298,5 +299,12 @@ func AggregationColumnForSamplesTable(
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	return aggregationColumn
+	if aggregationColumn == "" {
+		return "", errors.Newf(
+			errors.TypeInvalidInput,
+			errors.CodeInvalidInput,
+			"invalid time aggregation, should be one of the following: [`latest`, `sum`, `avg`, `min`, `max`, `count`, `rate`, `increase`]",
+		)
+	}
+	return aggregationColumn, nil
 }

pkg/telemetrytraces/condition_builder.go

@@ -35,13 +35,7 @@ func (c *conditionBuilder) conditionFor(
 	sb *sqlbuilder.SelectBuilder,
 ) (string, error) {
 
-	switch operator {
-	case qbtypes.FilterOperatorContains,
-		qbtypes.FilterOperatorNotContains,
-		qbtypes.FilterOperatorILike,
-		qbtypes.FilterOperatorNotILike,
-		qbtypes.FilterOperatorLike,
-		qbtypes.FilterOperatorNotLike:
+	if operator.IsStringSearchOperator() {
 		value = querybuilder.FormatValueForContains(value)
 	}
 

pkg/types/organization.go

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ type Organization struct {
 	DisplayName string `bun:"display_name,type:text,notnull" json:"displayName"`
 }
 
-func NewOrganization(displayName string) *Organization {
+func NewOrganization(displayName string, name string) *Organization {
 	id := valuer.GenerateUUID()
 	return &Organization{
 		Identifiable: Identifiable{
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ func NewOrganization(displayName string) *Organization {
 			CreatedAt: time.Now(),
 			UpdatedAt: time.Now(),
 		},
-		// Name: "default/main", TODO: take the call and uncomment this later
+		Name:        name,
 		DisplayName: displayName,
 		Key:         NewOrganizationKey(id),
 	}
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ type TTLSetting struct {
 type OrganizationStore interface {
 	Create(context.Context, *Organization) error
 	Get(context.Context, valuer.UUID) (*Organization, error)
+	GetByName(context.Context, string) (*Organization, error)
 	GetAll(context.Context) ([]*Organization, error)
 	ListByKeyRange(context.Context, uint32, uint32) ([]*Organization, error)
 	Update(context.Context, *Organization) error

pkg/types/querybuildertypes/querybuildertypesv5/builder_elements.go

@@ -152,7 +152,9 @@ func (f FilterOperator) IsStringSearchOperator() bool {
 		FilterOperatorILike,
 		FilterOperatorNotILike,
 		FilterOperatorLike,
-		FilterOperatorNotLike:
+		FilterOperatorNotLike,
+		FilterOperatorRegexp,
+		FilterOperatorNotRegexp:
 		return true
 	default:
 		return false

pkg/types/querybuildertypes/querybuildertypesv5/builder_query.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package querybuildertypesv5
 import (
 	"fmt"
 
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/metrictypes"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/telemetrytypes"
 )
 
@@ -174,3 +175,54 @@ func (q *QueryBuilderQuery[T]) Normalize() {
 	}
 
 }
+
+// Fast‑path (no fingerprint grouping)
+// canShortCircuitDelta returns true if we can use the optimized query
+// for the given query
+// This is used to avoid the group by fingerprint thus improving the performance
+// for certain queries
+// cases where we can short circuit:
+// 1. time aggregation = (rate|increase) and space aggregation = sum
+//   - rate = sum(value)/step, increase = sum(value) - sum of sums is same as sum of all values
+//
+// 2. time aggregation = sum and space aggregation = sum
+//   - sum of sums is same as sum of all values
+//
+// 3. time aggregation = min and space aggregation = min
+//   - min of mins is same as min of all values
+//
+// 4. time aggregation = max and space aggregation = max
+//   - max of maxs is same as max of all values
+//
+// 5. special case exphist, there is no need for per series/fingerprint aggregation
+// we can directly use the quantilesDDMerge function
+//
+// all of this is true only for delta metrics
+func CanShortCircuitDelta(metricAgg MetricAggregation) bool {
+
+	if metricAgg.Temporality != metrictypes.Delta {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	ta := metricAgg.TimeAggregation
+	sa := metricAgg.SpaceAggregation
+
+	if (ta == metrictypes.TimeAggregationRate || ta == metrictypes.TimeAggregationIncrease) &&
+		sa == metrictypes.SpaceAggregationSum {
+		return true
+	}
+	if ta == metrictypes.TimeAggregationSum && sa == metrictypes.SpaceAggregationSum {
+		return true
+	}
+	if ta == metrictypes.TimeAggregationMin && sa == metrictypes.SpaceAggregationMin {
+		return true
+	}
+	if ta == metrictypes.TimeAggregationMax && sa == metrictypes.SpaceAggregationMax {
+		return true
+	}
+	if metricAgg.Type == metrictypes.ExpHistogramType && sa.IsPercentile() {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}

pkg/types/querybuildertypes/querybuildertypesv5/qb.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 var (
 	ErrColumnNotFound      = errors.Newf(errors.TypeNotFound, errors.CodeNotFound, "field not found")
 	ErrBetweenValues       = errors.Newf(errors.TypeInvalidInput, errors.CodeInvalidInput, "(not) between operator requires two values")
+	ErrBetweenValuesType   = errors.Newf(errors.TypeInvalidInput, errors.CodeInvalidInput, "(not) between operator requires two values of the number type")
 	ErrInValues            = errors.Newf(errors.TypeInvalidInput, errors.CodeInvalidInput, "(not) in operator requires a list of values")
 	ErrUnsupportedOperator = errors.Newf(errors.TypeInvalidInput, errors.CodeInvalidInput, "unsupported operator")
 )

pkg/types/querybuildertypes/querybuildertypesv5/req.go

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ func (q *QueryEnvelope) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 
 	case QueryTypeFormula:
 		var spec QueryBuilderFormula
-		// TODO: use json.Unmarshal here after implementing custom unmarshaler for QueryBuilderFormula
+		// TODO(srikanthccv): use json.Unmarshal here after implementing custom unmarshaler for QueryBuilderFormula
 		if err := UnmarshalJSONWithContext(shadow.Spec, &spec, "formula spec"); err != nil {
 			return wrapUnmarshalError(err, "invalid formula spec: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ func (q *QueryEnvelope) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 
 	case QueryTypeJoin:
 		var spec QueryBuilderJoin
-		// TODO: use json.Unmarshal here after implementing custom unmarshaler for QueryBuilderJoin
+		// TODO(srikanthccv): use json.Unmarshal here after implementing custom unmarshaler for QueryBuilderJoin
 		if err := UnmarshalJSONWithContext(shadow.Spec, &spec, "join spec"); err != nil {
 			return wrapUnmarshalError(err, "invalid join spec: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ func (q *QueryEnvelope) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 
 	case QueryTypePromQL:
 		var spec PromQuery
-		// TODO: use json.Unmarshal here after implementing custom unmarshaler for PromQuery
+		// TODO(srikanthccv): use json.Unmarshal here after implementing custom unmarshaler for PromQuery
 		if err := UnmarshalJSONWithContext(shadow.Spec, &spec, "PromQL spec"); err != nil {
 			return wrapUnmarshalError(err, "invalid PromQL spec: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ func (q *QueryEnvelope) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 
 	case QueryTypeClickHouseSQL:
 		var spec ClickHouseQuery
-		// TODO: use json.Unmarshal here after implementing custom unmarshaler for ClickHouseQuery
+		// TODO(srikanthccv): use json.Unmarshal here after implementing custom unmarshaler for ClickHouseQuery
 		if err := UnmarshalJSONWithContext(shadow.Spec, &spec, "ClickHouse SQL spec"); err != nil {
 			return wrapUnmarshalError(err, "invalid ClickHouse SQL spec: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ func (r *QueryRangeRequest) GetQueriesSupportingZeroDefault() map[string]bool {
 		expr = strings.ToLower(expr)
 		// only pure additive/counting operations should default to zero,
 		// while statistical/analytical operations should show gaps when there's no data to analyze.
-		// TODO: use newExprVisitor for getting the function used in the expression
+		// TODO(srikanthccv): use newExprVisitor for getting the function used in the expression
 		if strings.HasPrefix(expr, "count(") ||
 			strings.HasPrefix(expr, "count_distinct(") ||
 			strings.HasPrefix(expr, "sum(") ||

pkg/types/querybuildertypes/querybuildertypesv5/request_type.go

@@ -21,3 +21,12 @@ var (
 	// []Bucket (struct{Lower,Upper,Count float64}), example: histogram
 	RequestTypeDistribution = RequestType{valuer.NewString("distribution")}
 )
+
+// IsAggregation returns true for request types that produce aggregated results
+// (time_series, scalar, distribution). For these types, fields like groupBy,
+// having, aggregations, and orderBy (with aggregation key validation) are meaningful.
+// For non-aggregation types (raw, raw_stream, trace), those fields are ignored
+// and don't need to be validated.
+func (r RequestType) IsAggregation() bool {
+	return r == RequestTypeTimeSeries || r == RequestTypeScalar || r == RequestTypeDistribution
+}

pkg/types/querybuildertypes/querybuildertypesv5/validation.go

@@ -10,54 +10,78 @@ import (
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/telemetrytypes"
 )
 
+// queryName returns the name from any query envelope spec type.
+func (e QueryEnvelope) queryName() string {
+	switch spec := e.Spec.(type) {
+	case QueryBuilderQuery[TraceAggregation]:
+		return spec.Name
+	case QueryBuilderQuery[LogAggregation]:
+		return spec.Name
+	case QueryBuilderQuery[MetricAggregation]:
+		return spec.Name
+	case QueryBuilderFormula:
+		return spec.Name
+	case QueryBuilderTraceOperator:
+		return spec.Name
+	case QueryBuilderJoin:
+		return spec.Name
+	case PromQuery:
+		return spec.Name
+	case ClickHouseQuery:
+		return spec.Name
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// isDisabled returns the disabled status from any query envelope spec type.
+func (e QueryEnvelope) isDisabled() bool {
+	switch spec := e.Spec.(type) {
+	case QueryBuilderQuery[TraceAggregation]:
+		return spec.Disabled
+	case QueryBuilderQuery[LogAggregation]:
+		return spec.Disabled
+	case QueryBuilderQuery[MetricAggregation]:
+		return spec.Disabled
+	case QueryBuilderFormula:
+		return spec.Disabled
+	case QueryBuilderTraceOperator:
+		return spec.Disabled
+	case QueryBuilderJoin:
+		return spec.Disabled
+	case PromQuery:
+		return spec.Disabled
+	case ClickHouseQuery:
+		return spec.Disabled
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 // getQueryIdentifier returns a friendly identifier for a query based on its type and name/content
 func getQueryIdentifier(envelope QueryEnvelope, index int) string {
+	name := envelope.queryName()
+
+	var typeLabel string
 	switch envelope.Type {
 	case QueryTypeBuilder, QueryTypeSubQuery:
-		switch spec := envelope.Spec.(type) {
-		case QueryBuilderQuery[TraceAggregation]:
-			if spec.Name != "" {
-				return fmt.Sprintf("query '%s'", spec.Name)
-			}
-			return fmt.Sprintf("trace query at position %d", index+1)
-		case QueryBuilderQuery[LogAggregation]:
-			if spec.Name != "" {
-				return fmt.Sprintf("query '%s'", spec.Name)
-			}
-			return fmt.Sprintf("log query at position %d", index+1)
-		case QueryBuilderQuery[MetricAggregation]:
-			if spec.Name != "" {
-				return fmt.Sprintf("query '%s'", spec.Name)
-			}
-			return fmt.Sprintf("metric query at position %d", index+1)
-		}
+		typeLabel = "query"
 	case QueryTypeFormula:
-		if spec, ok := envelope.Spec.(QueryBuilderFormula); ok && spec.Name != "" {
-			return fmt.Sprintf("formula '%s'", spec.Name)
-		}
-		return fmt.Sprintf("formula at position %d", index+1)
+		typeLabel = "formula"
 	case QueryTypeTraceOperator:
-		if spec, ok := envelope.Spec.(QueryBuilderTraceOperator); ok && spec.Name != "" {
-			return fmt.Sprintf("trace operator '%s'", spec.Name)
-		}
-		return fmt.Sprintf("trace operator at position %d", index+1)
+		typeLabel = "trace operator"
 	case QueryTypeJoin:
-		if spec, ok := envelope.Spec.(QueryBuilderJoin); ok && spec.Name != "" {
-			return fmt.Sprintf("join '%s'", spec.Name)
-		}
-		return fmt.Sprintf("join at position %d", index+1)
+		typeLabel = "join"
 	case QueryTypePromQL:
-		if spec, ok := envelope.Spec.(PromQuery); ok && spec.Name != "" {
-			return fmt.Sprintf("PromQL query '%s'", spec.Name)
-		}
-		return fmt.Sprintf("PromQL query at position %d", index+1)
+		typeLabel = "PromQL query"
 	case QueryTypeClickHouseSQL:
-		if spec, ok := envelope.Spec.(ClickHouseQuery); ok && spec.Name != "" {
-			return fmt.Sprintf("ClickHouse query '%s'", spec.Name)
-		}
-		return fmt.Sprintf("ClickHouse query at position %d", index+1)
+		typeLabel = "ClickHouse query"
+	default:
+		typeLabel = "query"
 	}
-	return fmt.Sprintf("query at position %d", index+1)
+
+	if name != "" {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s '%s'", typeLabel, name)
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s at position %d", typeLabel, index+1)
 }
 
 const (
@@ -72,11 +96,12 @@ func (q *QueryBuilderQuery[T]) Validate(requestType RequestType) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// Validate aggregations only for non-raw request types
-	if requestType != RequestTypeRaw && requestType != RequestTypeRawStream && requestType != RequestTypeTrace {
-		if err := q.validateAggregations(); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	if err := q.validateAggregations(requestType); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := q.validateGroupBy(requestType); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	// Validate limit and pagination
@@ -94,32 +119,23 @@ func (q *QueryBuilderQuery[T]) Validate(requestType RequestType) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if requestType != RequestTypeRaw && requestType != RequestTypeTrace && len(q.Aggregations) > 0 {
-		if err := q.validateOrderByForAggregation(); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	} else {
-		if err := q.validateOrderBy(); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	if err := q.validateOrderBy(requestType); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
-	if requestType != RequestTypeRaw && requestType != RequestTypeTrace {
-		if err := q.validateHaving(); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	if requestType == RequestTypeRaw {
-		if err := q.validateSelectFields(); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	if err := q.validateSelectFields(requestType); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (q *QueryBuilderQuery[T]) validateSelectFields() error {
+func (q *QueryBuilderQuery[T]) validateSelectFields(requestType RequestType) error {
+	// selectFields don't apply to aggregation queries, skip validation
+	if requestType.IsAggregation() {
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	// isRoot and isEntryPoint are returned by the Metadata API, so if someone sends them, we have to reject the request.
 	for _, v := range q.SelectFields {
 		if v.Name == "isRoot" || v.Name == "isEntryPoint" {
@@ -132,6 +148,21 @@ func (q *QueryBuilderQuery[T]) validateSelectFields() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (q *QueryBuilderQuery[T]) validateGroupBy(requestType RequestType) error {
+	// groupBy doesn't apply to non-aggregation queries, skip validation
+	if !requestType.IsAggregation() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	for idx, item := range q.GroupBy {
+		if item.TelemetryFieldKey.Name == "" {
+			return errors.NewInvalidInputf(
+				errors.CodeInvalidInput, "invalid empty key name for group by at index %d", idx,
+			)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (q *QueryBuilderQuery[T]) validateSignal() error {
 	// Signal validation is handled during unmarshaling in req.go
 	// Valid signals are: metrics, traces, logs
@@ -152,7 +183,12 @@ func (q *QueryBuilderQuery[T]) validateSignal() error {
 	}
 }
 
-func (q *QueryBuilderQuery[T]) validateAggregations() error {
+func (q *QueryBuilderQuery[T]) validateAggregations(requestType RequestType) error {
+	// aggregations don't apply to non-aggregation queries, skip validation
+	if !requestType.IsAggregation() {
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	// At least one aggregation required for non-disabled queries
 	if len(q.Aggregations) == 0 && !q.Disabled {
 		return errors.NewInvalidInputf(
@@ -179,14 +215,6 @@ func (q *QueryBuilderQuery[T]) validateAggregations() error {
 					aggId,
 				)
 			}
-			// Validate metric-specific aggregations
-			if err := validateMetricAggregation(v); err != nil {
-				aggId := fmt.Sprintf("aggregation #%d", i+1)
-				if q.Name != "" {
-					aggId = fmt.Sprintf("aggregation #%d in query '%s'", i+1, q.Name)
-				}
-				return wrapValidationError(err, aggId, "invalid metric %s: %s")
-			}
 		case TraceAggregation:
 			if v.Expression == "" {
 				aggId := fmt.Sprintf("aggregation #%d", i+1)
@@ -301,7 +329,7 @@ func (q *QueryBuilderQuery[T]) validateSecondaryAggregations() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (q *QueryBuilderQuery[T]) validateOrderBy() error {
+func (q *QueryBuilderQuery[T]) validateOrderBy(requestType RequestType) error {
 	for i, order := range q.Order {
 		// Direction validation is handled by the OrderDirection type
 		if order.Direction != OrderDirectionAsc && order.Direction != OrderDirectionDesc {
@@ -319,6 +347,12 @@ func (q *QueryBuilderQuery[T]) validateOrderBy() error {
 			)
 		}
 	}
+
+	// aggregation-specific order key validation only applies to aggregation queries
+	if requestType.IsAggregation() {
+		return q.validateOrderByForAggregation()
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -328,10 +362,6 @@ func (q *QueryBuilderQuery[T]) validateOrderBy() error {
 // 2. Aggregation expressions or aliases
 // 3. Aggregation index (0, 1, 2, etc.)
 func (q *QueryBuilderQuery[T]) validateOrderByForAggregation() error {
-	// First validate basic order by constraints
-	if err := q.validateOrderBy(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
 
 	validOrderKeys := make(map[string]bool)
 
@@ -401,22 +431,6 @@ func (q *QueryBuilderQuery[T]) validateOrderByForAggregation() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (q *QueryBuilderQuery[T]) validateHaving() error {
-	if q.Having == nil || q.Having.Expression == "" {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// ensure that having is only used with aggregations
-	if len(q.Aggregations) == 0 {
-		return errors.NewInvalidInputf(
-			errors.CodeInvalidInput,
-			"having clause can only be used with aggregation queries. Use `filter.expression` instead",
-		)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
 // ValidateQueryRangeRequest validates the entire query range request
 func (r *QueryRangeRequest) Validate() error {
 	// Validate time range
@@ -456,236 +470,20 @@ func (r *QueryRangeRequest) Validate() error {
 
 // validateAllQueriesNotDisabled validates that at least one query in the composite query is enabled
 func (r *QueryRangeRequest) validateAllQueriesNotDisabled() error {
-	allDisabled := true
 	for _, envelope := range r.CompositeQuery.Queries {
-		switch envelope.Type {
-		case QueryTypeBuilder, QueryTypeSubQuery:
-			switch spec := envelope.Spec.(type) {
-			case QueryBuilderQuery[TraceAggregation]:
-				if !spec.Disabled {
-					allDisabled = false
-				}
-			case QueryBuilderQuery[LogAggregation]:
-				if !spec.Disabled {
-					allDisabled = false
-				}
-			case QueryBuilderQuery[MetricAggregation]:
-				if !spec.Disabled {
-					allDisabled = false
-				}
-			}
-		case QueryTypeFormula:
-			if spec, ok := envelope.Spec.(QueryBuilderFormula); ok && !spec.Disabled {
-				allDisabled = false
-			}
-		case QueryTypeTraceOperator:
-			if spec, ok := envelope.Spec.(QueryBuilderTraceOperator); ok && !spec.Disabled {
-				allDisabled = false
-			}
-		case QueryTypeJoin:
-			if spec, ok := envelope.Spec.(QueryBuilderJoin); ok && !spec.Disabled {
-				allDisabled = false
-			}
-		case QueryTypePromQL:
-			if spec, ok := envelope.Spec.(PromQuery); ok && !spec.Disabled {
-				allDisabled = false
-			}
-		case QueryTypeClickHouseSQL:
-			if spec, ok := envelope.Spec.(ClickHouseQuery); ok && !spec.Disabled {
-				allDisabled = false
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Early exit if we find at least one enabled query
-		if !allDisabled {
-			break
+		if !envelope.isDisabled() {
+			return nil
 		}
 	}
 
-	if allDisabled {
-		return errors.NewInvalidInputf(
-			errors.CodeInvalidInput,
-			"all queries are disabled - at least one query must be enabled",
-		)
-	}
-
-	return nil
+	return errors.NewInvalidInputf(
+		errors.CodeInvalidInput,
+		"all queries are disabled - at least one query must be enabled",
+	)
 }
 
 func (r *QueryRangeRequest) validateCompositeQuery() error {
-	// Validate queries in composite query
-	if len(r.CompositeQuery.Queries) == 0 {
-		return errors.NewInvalidInputf(
-			errors.CodeInvalidInput,
-			"at least one query is required",
-		)
-	}
-
-	// Track query names for uniqueness (only for non-formula queries)
-	queryNames := make(map[string]bool)
-
-	// Validate each query based on its type
-	for i, envelope := range r.CompositeQuery.Queries {
-		switch envelope.Type {
-		case QueryTypeBuilder, QueryTypeSubQuery:
-			// Validate based on the concrete type
-			switch spec := envelope.Spec.(type) {
-			case QueryBuilderQuery[TraceAggregation]:
-				if err := spec.Validate(r.RequestType); err != nil {
-					queryId := getQueryIdentifier(envelope, i)
-					return wrapValidationError(err, queryId, "invalid %s: %s")
-				}
-				// Check name uniqueness for non-formula context
-				if spec.Name != "" {
-					if queryNames[spec.Name] {
-						return errors.NewInvalidInputf(
-							errors.CodeInvalidInput,
-							"duplicate query name '%s'",
-							spec.Name,
-						)
-					}
-					queryNames[spec.Name] = true
-				}
-			case QueryBuilderQuery[LogAggregation]:
-				if err := spec.Validate(r.RequestType); err != nil {
-					queryId := getQueryIdentifier(envelope, i)
-					return wrapValidationError(err, queryId, "invalid %s: %s")
-				}
-				// Check name uniqueness for non-formula context
-				if spec.Name != "" {
-					if queryNames[spec.Name] {
-						return errors.NewInvalidInputf(
-							errors.CodeInvalidInput,
-							"duplicate query name '%s'",
-							spec.Name,
-						)
-					}
-					queryNames[spec.Name] = true
-				}
-			case QueryBuilderQuery[MetricAggregation]:
-				if err := spec.Validate(r.RequestType); err != nil {
-					queryId := getQueryIdentifier(envelope, i)
-					return wrapValidationError(err, queryId, "invalid %s: %s")
-				}
-				// Check name uniqueness for non-formula context
-				if spec.Name != "" {
-					if queryNames[spec.Name] {
-						return errors.NewInvalidInputf(
-							errors.CodeInvalidInput,
-							"duplicate query name '%s'",
-							spec.Name,
-						)
-					}
-					queryNames[spec.Name] = true
-				}
-			default:
-				queryId := getQueryIdentifier(envelope, i)
-				return errors.NewInvalidInputf(
-					errors.CodeInvalidInput,
-					"unknown spec type for %s",
-					queryId,
-				)
-			}
-		case QueryTypeFormula:
-			// Formula validation is handled separately
-			spec, ok := envelope.Spec.(QueryBuilderFormula)
-			if !ok {
-				queryId := getQueryIdentifier(envelope, i)
-				return errors.NewInvalidInputf(
-					errors.CodeInvalidInput,
-					"invalid spec for %s",
-					queryId,
-				)
-			}
-			if spec.Expression == "" {
-				queryId := getQueryIdentifier(envelope, i)
-				return errors.NewInvalidInputf(
-					errors.CodeInvalidInput,
-					"expression is required for %s",
-					queryId,
-				)
-			}
-		case QueryTypeJoin:
-			// Join validation is handled separately
-			_, ok := envelope.Spec.(QueryBuilderJoin)
-			if !ok {
-				queryId := getQueryIdentifier(envelope, i)
-				return errors.NewInvalidInputf(
-					errors.CodeInvalidInput,
-					"invalid spec for %s",
-					queryId,
-				)
-			}
-		case QueryTypeTraceOperator:
-			spec, ok := envelope.Spec.(QueryBuilderTraceOperator)
-			if !ok {
-				queryId := getQueryIdentifier(envelope, i)
-				return errors.NewInvalidInputf(
-					errors.CodeInvalidInput,
-					"invalid spec for %s",
-					queryId,
-				)
-			}
-			if spec.Expression == "" {
-				queryId := getQueryIdentifier(envelope, i)
-				return errors.NewInvalidInputf(
-					errors.CodeInvalidInput,
-					"expression is required for %s",
-					queryId,
-				)
-			}
-		case QueryTypePromQL:
-			// PromQL validation is handled separately
-			spec, ok := envelope.Spec.(PromQuery)
-			if !ok {
-				queryId := getQueryIdentifier(envelope, i)
-				return errors.NewInvalidInputf(
-					errors.CodeInvalidInput,
-					"invalid spec for %s",
-					queryId,
-				)
-			}
-			if spec.Query == "" {
-				queryId := getQueryIdentifier(envelope, i)
-				return errors.NewInvalidInputf(
-					errors.CodeInvalidInput,
-					"query expression is required for %s",
-					queryId,
-				)
-			}
-		case QueryTypeClickHouseSQL:
-			// ClickHouse SQL validation is handled separately
-			spec, ok := envelope.Spec.(ClickHouseQuery)
-			if !ok {
-				queryId := getQueryIdentifier(envelope, i)
-				return errors.NewInvalidInputf(
-					errors.CodeInvalidInput,
-					"invalid spec for %s",
-					queryId,
-				)
-			}
-			if spec.Query == "" {
-				queryId := getQueryIdentifier(envelope, i)
-				return errors.NewInvalidInputf(
-					errors.CodeInvalidInput,
-					"query expression is required for %s",
-					queryId,
-				)
-			}
-		default:
-			queryId := getQueryIdentifier(envelope, i)
-			return errors.NewInvalidInputf(
-				errors.CodeInvalidInput,
-				"unknown query type '%s' for %s",
-				envelope.Type,
-				queryId,
-			).WithAdditional(
-				"Valid query types are: builder_query, builder_formula, builder_join, promql, clickhouse_sql, trace_operator",
-			)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
+	return r.CompositeQuery.Validate(r.RequestType)
 }
 
 // Validate performs validation on CompositeQuery
@@ -697,12 +495,29 @@ func (c *CompositeQuery) Validate(requestType RequestType) error {
 		)
 	}
 
-	// Validate each query
+	// Track query names for uniqueness (only for builder queries)
+	queryNames := make(map[string]bool)
+
 	for i, envelope := range c.Queries {
 		if err := validateQueryEnvelope(envelope, requestType); err != nil {
 			queryId := getQueryIdentifier(envelope, i)
 			return wrapValidationError(err, queryId, "invalid %s: %s")
 		}
+
+		// Check name uniqueness for builder queries
+		if envelope.Type == QueryTypeBuilder || envelope.Type == QueryTypeSubQuery {
+			name := envelope.queryName()
+			if name != "" {
+				if queryNames[name] {
+					return errors.NewInvalidInputf(
+						errors.CodeInvalidInput,
+						"duplicate query name '%s'",
+						name,
+					)
+				}
+				queryNames[name] = true
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -803,85 +618,3 @@ func validateQueryEnvelope(envelope QueryEnvelope, requestType RequestType) erro
 		)
 	}
 }
-
-// validateMetricAggregation validates metric-specific aggregation parameters
-func validateMetricAggregation(agg MetricAggregation) error {
-	// we can't decide anything here without known temporality
-	if agg.Temporality == metrictypes.Unknown {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// Validate that rate/increase are only used with appropriate temporalities
-	if agg.TimeAggregation == metrictypes.TimeAggregationRate || agg.TimeAggregation == metrictypes.TimeAggregationIncrease {
-		// For gauge metrics (Unspecified temporality), rate/increase doesn't make sense
-		if agg.Temporality == metrictypes.Unspecified {
-			return errors.NewInvalidInputf(
-				errors.CodeInvalidInput,
-				"rate/increase aggregation cannot be used with gauge metrics (unspecified temporality)",
-			)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Validate percentile aggregations are only used with histogram types
-	if agg.SpaceAggregation.IsPercentile() {
-		if agg.Type != metrictypes.HistogramType && agg.Type != metrictypes.ExpHistogramType && agg.Type != metrictypes.SummaryType {
-			return errors.NewInvalidInputf(
-				errors.CodeInvalidInput,
-				"percentile aggregation can only be used with histogram or summary metric types",
-			)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Validate time aggregation values
-	validTimeAggregations := []metrictypes.TimeAggregation{
-		metrictypes.TimeAggregationUnspecified,
-		metrictypes.TimeAggregationLatest,
-		metrictypes.TimeAggregationSum,
-		metrictypes.TimeAggregationAvg,
-		metrictypes.TimeAggregationMin,
-		metrictypes.TimeAggregationMax,
-		metrictypes.TimeAggregationCount,
-		metrictypes.TimeAggregationCountDistinct,
-		metrictypes.TimeAggregationRate,
-		metrictypes.TimeAggregationIncrease,
-	}
-
-	validTimeAgg := slices.Contains(validTimeAggregations, agg.TimeAggregation)
-	if !validTimeAgg {
-		return errors.NewInvalidInputf(
-			errors.CodeInvalidInput,
-			"invalid time aggregation: %s",
-			agg.TimeAggregation.StringValue(),
-		).WithAdditional(
-			"Valid time aggregations: latest, sum, avg, min, max, count, count_distinct, rate, increase",
-		)
-	}
-
-	// Validate space aggregation values
-	validSpaceAggregations := []metrictypes.SpaceAggregation{
-		metrictypes.SpaceAggregationUnspecified,
-		metrictypes.SpaceAggregationSum,
-		metrictypes.SpaceAggregationAvg,
-		metrictypes.SpaceAggregationMin,
-		metrictypes.SpaceAggregationMax,
-		metrictypes.SpaceAggregationCount,
-		metrictypes.SpaceAggregationPercentile50,
-		metrictypes.SpaceAggregationPercentile75,
-		metrictypes.SpaceAggregationPercentile90,
-		metrictypes.SpaceAggregationPercentile95,
-		metrictypes.SpaceAggregationPercentile99,
-	}
-
-	validSpaceAgg := slices.Contains(validSpaceAggregations, agg.SpaceAggregation)
-	if !validSpaceAgg {
-		return errors.NewInvalidInputf(
-			errors.CodeInvalidInput,
-			"invalid space aggregation: %s",
-			agg.SpaceAggregation.StringValue(),
-		).WithAdditional(
-			"Valid space aggregations: sum, avg, min, max, count, p50, p75, p90, p95, p99",
-		)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}

pkg/types/querybuildertypes/querybuildertypesv5/validation_test.go

@@ -333,6 +333,617 @@ func TestQueryRangeRequest_ValidateAllQueriesNotDisabled(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestQueryRangeRequest_ValidateCompositeQuery(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		request QueryRangeRequest
+		wantErr bool
+		errMsg  string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "empty composite query should return error",
+			request: QueryRangeRequest{
+				Start:       1640995200000,
+				End:         1640998800000,
+				RequestType: RequestTypeTimeSeries,
+				CompositeQuery: CompositeQuery{
+					Queries: []QueryEnvelope{},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "at least one query is required",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "duplicate builder query names should return error",
+			request: QueryRangeRequest{
+				Start:       1640995200000,
+				End:         1640998800000,
+				RequestType: RequestTypeTimeSeries,
+				CompositeQuery: CompositeQuery{
+					Queries: []QueryEnvelope{
+						{
+							Type: QueryTypeBuilder,
+							Spec: QueryBuilderQuery[LogAggregation]{
+								Name:     "A",
+								Disabled: true,
+								Signal:   telemetrytypes.SignalLogs,
+							},
+						},
+						{
+							Type: QueryTypeBuilder,
+							Spec: QueryBuilderQuery[TraceAggregation]{
+								Name:     "A",
+								Disabled: true,
+								Signal:   telemetrytypes.SignalTraces,
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "duplicate query name 'A'",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "duplicate names across log and metric builder queries should return error",
+			request: QueryRangeRequest{
+				Start:       1640995200000,
+				End:         1640998800000,
+				RequestType: RequestTypeTimeSeries,
+				CompositeQuery: CompositeQuery{
+					Queries: []QueryEnvelope{
+						{
+							Type: QueryTypeBuilder,
+							Spec: QueryBuilderQuery[LogAggregation]{
+								Name:     "X",
+								Disabled: true,
+								Signal:   telemetrytypes.SignalLogs,
+							},
+						},
+						{
+							Type: QueryTypeBuilder,
+							Spec: QueryBuilderQuery[MetricAggregation]{
+								Name:     "X",
+								Disabled: true,
+								Signal:   telemetrytypes.SignalMetrics,
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "duplicate query name 'X'",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "same name on formula and builder should not conflict",
+			request: QueryRangeRequest{
+				Start:       1640995200000,
+				End:         1640998800000,
+				RequestType: RequestTypeTimeSeries,
+				CompositeQuery: CompositeQuery{
+					Queries: []QueryEnvelope{
+						{
+							Type: QueryTypeBuilder,
+							Spec: QueryBuilderQuery[LogAggregation]{
+								Name:   "A",
+								Signal: telemetrytypes.SignalLogs,
+								Aggregations: []LogAggregation{
+									{Expression: "count()"},
+								},
+							},
+						},
+						{
+							Type: QueryTypeFormula,
+							Spec: QueryBuilderFormula{
+								Name:       "A",
+								Expression: "A + 1",
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "formula with empty expression should return error",
+			request: QueryRangeRequest{
+				Start:       1640995200000,
+				End:         1640998800000,
+				RequestType: RequestTypeTimeSeries,
+				CompositeQuery: CompositeQuery{
+					Queries: []QueryEnvelope{
+						{
+							Type: QueryTypeFormula,
+							Spec: QueryBuilderFormula{
+								Name:       "F1",
+								Expression: "",
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "expression is required",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "promql with empty query should return error",
+			request: QueryRangeRequest{
+				Start:       1640995200000,
+				End:         1640998800000,
+				RequestType: RequestTypeTimeSeries,
+				CompositeQuery: CompositeQuery{
+					Queries: []QueryEnvelope{
+						{
+							Type: QueryTypePromQL,
+							Spec: PromQuery{
+								Name:  "P1",
+								Query: "",
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "PromQL query is required",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "clickhouse with empty query should return error",
+			request: QueryRangeRequest{
+				Start:       1640995200000,
+				End:         1640998800000,
+				RequestType: RequestTypeTimeSeries,
+				CompositeQuery: CompositeQuery{
+					Queries: []QueryEnvelope{
+						{
+							Type: QueryTypeClickHouseSQL,
+							Spec: ClickHouseQuery{
+								Name:  "CH1",
+								Query: "",
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "ClickHouse SQL query is required",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "trace operator with empty expression should return error",
+			request: QueryRangeRequest{
+				Start:       1640995200000,
+				End:         1640998800000,
+				RequestType: RequestTypeTimeSeries,
+				CompositeQuery: CompositeQuery{
+					Queries: []QueryEnvelope{
+						{
+							Type: QueryTypeTraceOperator,
+							Spec: QueryBuilderTraceOperator{
+								Name:       "TO1",
+								Expression: "",
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "expression is required",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "valid promql query should pass",
+			request: QueryRangeRequest{
+				Start:       1640995200000,
+				End:         1640998800000,
+				RequestType: RequestTypeTimeSeries,
+				CompositeQuery: CompositeQuery{
+					Queries: []QueryEnvelope{
+						{
+							Type: QueryTypePromQL,
+							Spec: PromQuery{
+								Name:  "P1",
+								Query: "up",
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "valid clickhouse query should pass",
+			request: QueryRangeRequest{
+				Start:       1640995200000,
+				End:         1640998800000,
+				RequestType: RequestTypeTimeSeries,
+				CompositeQuery: CompositeQuery{
+					Queries: []QueryEnvelope{
+						{
+							Type: QueryTypeClickHouseSQL,
+							Spec: ClickHouseQuery{
+								Name:  "CH1",
+								Query: "SELECT count() FROM logs",
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "valid mixed queries with unique builder names should pass",
+			request: QueryRangeRequest{
+				Start:       1640995200000,
+				End:         1640998800000,
+				RequestType: RequestTypeTimeSeries,
+				CompositeQuery: CompositeQuery{
+					Queries: []QueryEnvelope{
+						{
+							Type: QueryTypeBuilder,
+							Spec: QueryBuilderQuery[LogAggregation]{
+								Name:   "A",
+								Signal: telemetrytypes.SignalLogs,
+								Aggregations: []LogAggregation{
+									{Expression: "count()"},
+								},
+							},
+						},
+						{
+							Type: QueryTypeBuilder,
+							Spec: QueryBuilderQuery[TraceAggregation]{
+								Name:   "B",
+								Signal: telemetrytypes.SignalTraces,
+								Aggregations: []TraceAggregation{
+									{Expression: "count()"},
+								},
+							},
+						},
+						{
+							Type: QueryTypePromQL,
+							Spec: PromQuery{
+								Name:  "C",
+								Query: "up",
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := tt.request.Validate()
+			if tt.wantErr {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Errorf("Validate() expected error but got none")
+					return
+				}
+				if tt.errMsg != "" && !contains(err.Error(), tt.errMsg) {
+					t.Errorf("Validate() error = %v, want to contain %v", err.Error(), tt.errMsg)
+				}
+			} else {
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Errorf("Validate() unexpected error = %v", err)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidateQueryEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		envelope    QueryEnvelope
+		requestType RequestType
+		wantErr     bool
+		errMsg      string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "valid builder query with trace aggregation",
+			envelope: QueryEnvelope{
+				Type: QueryTypeBuilder,
+				Spec: QueryBuilderQuery[TraceAggregation]{
+					Name:   "A",
+					Signal: telemetrytypes.SignalTraces,
+					Aggregations: []TraceAggregation{
+						{Expression: "count()"},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			requestType: RequestTypeTimeSeries,
+			wantErr:     false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "valid formula with expression",
+			envelope: QueryEnvelope{
+				Type: QueryTypeFormula,
+				Spec: QueryBuilderFormula{
+					Name:       "F1",
+					Expression: "A + B",
+				},
+			},
+			requestType: RequestTypeTimeSeries,
+			wantErr:     false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "formula with empty expression should fail",
+			envelope: QueryEnvelope{
+				Type: QueryTypeFormula,
+				Spec: QueryBuilderFormula{
+					Name:       "F1",
+					Expression: "",
+				},
+			},
+			requestType: RequestTypeTimeSeries,
+			wantErr:     true,
+			errMsg:      "expression is required",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "valid join spec",
+			envelope: QueryEnvelope{
+				Type: QueryTypeJoin,
+				Spec: QueryBuilderJoin{
+					Name: "J1",
+				},
+			},
+			requestType: RequestTypeTimeSeries,
+			wantErr:     false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "valid trace operator",
+			envelope: QueryEnvelope{
+				Type: QueryTypeTraceOperator,
+				Spec: QueryBuilderTraceOperator{
+					Name:       "TO1",
+					Expression: "count()",
+				},
+			},
+			requestType: RequestTypeTimeSeries,
+			wantErr:     false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "trace operator with empty expression should fail",
+			envelope: QueryEnvelope{
+				Type: QueryTypeTraceOperator,
+				Spec: QueryBuilderTraceOperator{
+					Name:       "TO1",
+					Expression: "",
+				},
+			},
+			requestType: RequestTypeTimeSeries,
+			wantErr:     true,
+			errMsg:      "expression is required",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "promql with empty query should fail",
+			envelope: QueryEnvelope{
+				Type: QueryTypePromQL,
+				Spec: PromQuery{
+					Name:  "P1",
+					Query: "",
+				},
+			},
+			requestType: RequestTypeTimeSeries,
+			wantErr:     true,
+			errMsg:      "PromQL query is required",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "clickhouse with empty query should fail",
+			envelope: QueryEnvelope{
+				Type: QueryTypeClickHouseSQL,
+				Spec: ClickHouseQuery{
+					Name:  "CH1",
+					Query: "",
+				},
+			},
+			requestType: RequestTypeTimeSeries,
+			wantErr:     true,
+			errMsg:      "ClickHouse SQL query is required",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := validateQueryEnvelope(tt.envelope, tt.requestType)
+			if tt.wantErr {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Errorf("validateQueryEnvelope() expected error but got none")
+					return
+				}
+				if tt.errMsg != "" && !contains(err.Error(), tt.errMsg) {
+					t.Errorf("validateQueryEnvelope() error = %v, want to contain %v", err.Error(), tt.errMsg)
+				}
+			} else {
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Errorf("validateQueryEnvelope() unexpected error = %v", err)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestQueryEnvelope_Helpers(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("queryName", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tests := []struct {
+			name     string
+			envelope QueryEnvelope
+			want     string
+		}{
+			{
+				name:     "trace builder query",
+				envelope: QueryEnvelope{Type: QueryTypeBuilder, Spec: QueryBuilderQuery[TraceAggregation]{Name: "A"}},
+				want:     "A",
+			},
+			{
+				name:     "log builder query",
+				envelope: QueryEnvelope{Type: QueryTypeBuilder, Spec: QueryBuilderQuery[LogAggregation]{Name: "B"}},
+				want:     "B",
+			},
+			{
+				name:     "metric builder query",
+				envelope: QueryEnvelope{Type: QueryTypeBuilder, Spec: QueryBuilderQuery[MetricAggregation]{Name: "C"}},
+				want:     "C",
+			},
+			{
+				name:     "formula",
+				envelope: QueryEnvelope{Type: QueryTypeFormula, Spec: QueryBuilderFormula{Name: "F1"}},
+				want:     "F1",
+			},
+			{
+				name:     "promql",
+				envelope: QueryEnvelope{Type: QueryTypePromQL, Spec: PromQuery{Name: "P1"}},
+				want:     "P1",
+			},
+			{
+				name:     "clickhouse",
+				envelope: QueryEnvelope{Type: QueryTypeClickHouseSQL, Spec: ClickHouseQuery{Name: "CH1"}},
+				want:     "CH1",
+			},
+			{
+				name:     "trace operator",
+				envelope: QueryEnvelope{Type: QueryTypeTraceOperator, Spec: QueryBuilderTraceOperator{Name: "TO1"}},
+				want:     "TO1",
+			},
+			{
+				name:     "join",
+				envelope: QueryEnvelope{Type: QueryTypeJoin, Spec: QueryBuilderJoin{Name: "J1"}},
+				want:     "J1",
+			},
+			{
+				name:     "empty name",
+				envelope: QueryEnvelope{Type: QueryTypeBuilder, Spec: QueryBuilderQuery[LogAggregation]{}},
+				want:     "",
+			},
+		}
+		for _, tt := range tests {
+			t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+				got := tt.envelope.queryName()
+				if got != tt.want {
+					t.Errorf("queryName() = %q, want %q", got, tt.want)
+				}
+			})
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("isDisabled", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tests := []struct {
+			name     string
+			envelope QueryEnvelope
+			want     bool
+		}{
+			{
+				name:     "enabled builder query",
+				envelope: QueryEnvelope{Type: QueryTypeBuilder, Spec: QueryBuilderQuery[LogAggregation]{Disabled: false}},
+				want:     false,
+			},
+			{
+				name:     "disabled builder query",
+				envelope: QueryEnvelope{Type: QueryTypeBuilder, Spec: QueryBuilderQuery[LogAggregation]{Disabled: true}},
+				want:     true,
+			},
+			{
+				name:     "disabled formula",
+				envelope: QueryEnvelope{Type: QueryTypeFormula, Spec: QueryBuilderFormula{Disabled: true}},
+				want:     true,
+			},
+			{
+				name:     "enabled promql",
+				envelope: QueryEnvelope{Type: QueryTypePromQL, Spec: PromQuery{Disabled: false}},
+				want:     false,
+			},
+			{
+				name:     "disabled clickhouse",
+				envelope: QueryEnvelope{Type: QueryTypeClickHouseSQL, Spec: ClickHouseQuery{Disabled: true}},
+				want:     true,
+			},
+			{
+				name:     "disabled trace operator",
+				envelope: QueryEnvelope{Type: QueryTypeTraceOperator, Spec: QueryBuilderTraceOperator{Disabled: true}},
+				want:     true,
+			},
+			{
+				name:     "disabled join",
+				envelope: QueryEnvelope{Type: QueryTypeJoin, Spec: QueryBuilderJoin{Disabled: true}},
+				want:     true,
+			},
+		}
+		for _, tt := range tests {
+			t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+				got := tt.envelope.isDisabled()
+				if got != tt.want {
+					t.Errorf("isDisabled() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+				}
+			})
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestGetQueryIdentifier(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		envelope QueryEnvelope
+		index    int
+		want     string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "builder query with name",
+			envelope: QueryEnvelope{Type: QueryTypeBuilder, Spec: QueryBuilderQuery[LogAggregation]{Name: "A"}},
+			index:    0,
+			want:     "query 'A'",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "builder query without name",
+			envelope: QueryEnvelope{Type: QueryTypeBuilder, Spec: QueryBuilderQuery[LogAggregation]{}},
+			index:    2,
+			want:     "query at position 3",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "formula with name",
+			envelope: QueryEnvelope{Type: QueryTypeFormula, Spec: QueryBuilderFormula{Name: "F1"}},
+			index:    0,
+			want:     "formula 'F1'",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "formula without name",
+			envelope: QueryEnvelope{Type: QueryTypeFormula, Spec: QueryBuilderFormula{}},
+			index:    1,
+			want:     "formula at position 2",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "promql with name",
+			envelope: QueryEnvelope{Type: QueryTypePromQL, Spec: PromQuery{Name: "P1"}},
+			index:    0,
+			want:     "PromQL query 'P1'",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "clickhouse with name",
+			envelope: QueryEnvelope{Type: QueryTypeClickHouseSQL, Spec: ClickHouseQuery{Name: "CH1"}},
+			index:    0,
+			want:     "ClickHouse query 'CH1'",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "trace operator with name",
+			envelope: QueryEnvelope{Type: QueryTypeTraceOperator, Spec: QueryBuilderTraceOperator{Name: "TO1"}},
+			index:    0,
+			want:     "trace operator 'TO1'",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "join without name",
+			envelope: QueryEnvelope{Type: QueryTypeJoin, Spec: QueryBuilderJoin{}},
+			index:    0,
+			want:     "join at position 1",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := getQueryIdentifier(tt.envelope, tt.index)
+			if got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("getQueryIdentifier() = %q, want %q", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestQueryRangeRequest_ValidateOrderByForAggregation(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name    string
@@ -512,4 +1123,139 @@ func TestQueryRangeRequest_ValidateOrderByForAggregation(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 		})
 	}
-}
+}
+
+func TestRequestType_IsAggregation(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		requestType RequestType
+		want        bool
+	}{
+		{"time_series is aggregation", RequestTypeTimeSeries, true},
+		{"scalar is aggregation", RequestTypeScalar, true},
+		{"distribution is aggregation", RequestTypeDistribution, true},
+		{"raw is not aggregation", RequestTypeRaw, false},
+		{"raw_stream is not aggregation", RequestTypeRawStream, false},
+		{"trace is not aggregation", RequestTypeTrace, false},
+		{"unknown is not aggregation", RequestTypeUnknown, false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := tt.requestType.IsAggregation()
+			if got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("IsAggregation() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNonAggregationFieldsSkipped(t *testing.T) {
+	// Fields that only apply to aggregation queries (groupBy, having, aggregations)
+	// should be silently skipped for non-aggregation request types.
+	t.Run("groupBy ignored for raw request type", func(t *testing.T) {
+		query := QueryBuilderQuery[LogAggregation]{
+			Name:   "A",
+			Signal: telemetrytypes.SignalLogs,
+			GroupBy: []GroupByKey{
+				{TelemetryFieldKey: telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey{Name: "service.name"}},
+			},
+		}
+		err := query.Validate(RequestTypeRaw)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("expected no error for groupBy with raw request type, got: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("groupBy validated for timeseries request type", func(t *testing.T) {
+		query := QueryBuilderQuery[LogAggregation]{
+			Name:   "A",
+			Signal: telemetrytypes.SignalLogs,
+			Aggregations: []LogAggregation{
+				{Expression: "count()"},
+			},
+			GroupBy: []GroupByKey{
+				{TelemetryFieldKey: telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey{Name: ""}},
+			},
+		}
+		err := query.Validate(RequestTypeTimeSeries)
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("expected error for empty groupBy key with timeseries request type")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("having ignored for raw request type", func(t *testing.T) {
+		query := QueryBuilderQuery[LogAggregation]{
+			Name:   "A",
+			Signal: telemetrytypes.SignalLogs,
+			Having: &Having{Expression: "count() > 10"},
+		}
+		err := query.Validate(RequestTypeRaw)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("expected no error for having with raw request type, got: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("having ignored for trace request type", func(t *testing.T) {
+		query := QueryBuilderQuery[TraceAggregation]{
+			Name:   "A",
+			Signal: telemetrytypes.SignalTraces,
+			Having: &Having{Expression: "count() > 10"},
+		}
+		err := query.Validate(RequestTypeTrace)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("expected no error for having with trace request type, got: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("aggregations ignored for raw request type", func(t *testing.T) {
+		query := QueryBuilderQuery[LogAggregation]{
+			Name:   "A",
+			Signal: telemetrytypes.SignalLogs,
+			Aggregations: []LogAggregation{
+				{Expression: "count()"},
+			},
+		}
+		err := query.Validate(RequestTypeRaw)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("expected no error for aggregations with raw request type, got: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("aggregations ignored for raw_stream request type", func(t *testing.T) {
+		query := QueryBuilderQuery[LogAggregation]{
+			Name:   "A",
+			Signal: telemetrytypes.SignalLogs,
+			Aggregations: []LogAggregation{
+				{Expression: "count()"},
+			},
+		}
+		err := query.Validate(RequestTypeRawStream)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("expected no error for aggregations with raw_stream request type, got: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("selectFields validated for raw but not timeseries", func(t *testing.T) {
+		query := QueryBuilderQuery[TraceAggregation]{
+			Name:   "A",
+			Signal: telemetrytypes.SignalTraces,
+			Aggregations: []TraceAggregation{
+				{Expression: "count()"},
+			},
+			SelectFields: []telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey{
+				{Name: "isRoot"},
+			},
+		}
+		// Should error for raw (selectFields are validated)
+		err := query.Validate(RequestTypeRaw)
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("expected error for isRoot in selectFields with raw request type")
+		}
+		// Should pass for timeseries (selectFields skipped)
+		err = query.Validate(RequestTypeTimeSeries)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("expected no error for isRoot in selectFields with timeseries request type, got: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+}

pkg/types/ruletypes/threshold_test.go

@@ -265,6 +265,46 @@ func TestBasicRuleThresholdEval_UnitConversion(t *testing.T) {
 			ruleUnit:    "",
 			shouldAlert: true,
 		},
+		// bytes and Gibibytes,
+		// rule will only fire if target is converted to bytes so that the sample value becomes lower than the target 100GiBy
+		{
+			name: "bytes to Gibibytes - should alert",
+			threshold: BasicRuleThreshold{
+				Name:        CriticalThresholdName,
+				TargetValue: &target, // 100 Gibibytes
+				TargetUnit:  "GiBy",
+				MatchType:   AtleastOnce,
+				CompareOp:   ValueIsBelow,
+			},
+			series: v3.Series{
+				Labels: map[string]string{"service": "test"},
+				Points: []v3.Point{
+					{Value: 70 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024, Timestamp: 1000}, // 70 Gibibytes
+				},
+			},
+			ruleUnit:    "bytes",
+			shouldAlert: true,
+		},
+		// data Rate conversion - bytes per second to MiB per second
+		// rule will only fire if target is converted to bytes so that the sample value becomes lower than the target 100 MiB/s
+		{
+			name: "bytes per second to MiB per second - should alert",
+			threshold: BasicRuleThreshold{
+				Name:        CriticalThresholdName,
+				TargetValue: &target, // 100 MiB/s
+				TargetUnit:  "MiBy/s",
+				MatchType:   AtleastOnce,
+				CompareOp:   ValueIsBelow,
+			},
+			series: v3.Series{
+				Labels: map[string]string{"service": "test"},
+				Points: []v3.Point{
+					{Value: 30 * 1024 * 1024, Timestamp: 1000}, // 30 MiB/s
+				},
+			},
+			ruleUnit:    "By/s",
+			shouldAlert: true,
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {

pkg/types/telemetrytypes/field.go

@@ -78,18 +78,18 @@ func (f *TelemetryFieldKey) ArrayParentSelectors() []*FieldKeySelector {
 
 func (f TelemetryFieldKey) String() string {
 	var sb strings.Builder
-	sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("name=%s", f.Name))
+	fmt.Fprintf(&sb, "name=%s", f.Name)
 	if f.FieldContext != FieldContextUnspecified {
-		sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(",context=%s", f.FieldContext.String))
+		fmt.Fprintf(&sb, ",context=%s", f.FieldContext.String)
 	}
 	if f.FieldDataType != FieldDataTypeUnspecified {
-		sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(",datatype=%s", f.FieldDataType.StringValue()))
+		fmt.Fprintf(&sb, ",datatype=%s", f.FieldDataType.StringValue())
 	}
 	if f.Materialized {
 		sb.WriteString(",materialized=true")
 	}
 	if f.JSONDataType != nil {
-		sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(",jsondatatype=%s", f.JSONDataType.StringValue()))
+		fmt.Fprintf(&sb, ",jsondatatype=%s", f.JSONDataType.StringValue())
 	}
 	if len(f.Indexes) > 0 {
 		sb.WriteString(",indexes=[")
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ func (f TelemetryFieldKey) String() string {
 			if i > 0 {
 				sb.WriteString("; ")
 			}
-			sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("{type=%s, columnExpr=%s, indexExpr=%s}", index.Type.StringValue(), index.ColumnExpression, index.IndexExpression))
+			fmt.Fprintf(&sb, "{type=%s, columnExpr=%s, indexExpr=%s}", index.Type.StringValue(), index.ColumnExpression, index.IndexExpression)
 		}
 		sb.WriteString("]")
 	}
@@ -108,6 +108,17 @@ func (f TelemetryFieldKey) Text() string {
 	return TelemetryFieldKeyToText(&f)
 }
 
+// OverrideMetadataFrom copies the resolved metadata fields from src into f.
+// This is used when adjusting user-provided keys to match known field definitions.
+func (f *TelemetryFieldKey) OverrideMetadataFrom(src *TelemetryFieldKey) {
+	f.FieldContext = src.FieldContext
+	f.FieldDataType = src.FieldDataType
+	f.JSONDataType = src.JSONDataType
+	f.Indexes = src.Indexes
+	f.Materialized = src.Materialized
+	f.JSONPlan = src.JSONPlan
+}
+
 func (f *TelemetryFieldKey) Equal(key *TelemetryFieldKey) bool {
 	return f.Name == key.Name &&
 		f.FieldContext == key.FieldContext &&
@@ -225,11 +236,19 @@ func TelemetryFieldKeyToText(key *TelemetryFieldKey) string {
 }
 
 func FieldKeyToMaterializedColumnName(key *TelemetryFieldKey) string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("`%s_%s_%s`", key.FieldContext.String, fieldDataTypes[key.FieldDataType.StringValue()].StringValue(), strings.ReplaceAll(key.Name, ".", "$$"))
+	return fmt.Sprintf("`%s_%s_%s`",
+		key.FieldContext.String,
+		fieldDataTypes[key.FieldDataType.StringValue()].StringValue(),
+		strings.ReplaceAll(key.Name, ".", "$$"),
+	)
 }
 
 func FieldKeyToMaterializedColumnNameForExists(key *TelemetryFieldKey) string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("`%s_%s_%s_exists`", key.FieldContext.String, fieldDataTypes[key.FieldDataType.StringValue()].StringValue(), strings.ReplaceAll(key.Name, ".", "$$"))
+	return fmt.Sprintf("`%s_%s_%s_exists`",
+		key.FieldContext.String,
+		fieldDataTypes[key.FieldDataType.StringValue()].StringValue(),
+		strings.ReplaceAll(key.Name, ".", "$$"),
+	)
 }
 
 type TelemetryFieldValues struct {

pkg/types/user.go

@@ -11,15 +11,16 @@ import (
 )
 
 var (
-	ErrCodeUserNotFound                = errors.MustNewCode("user_not_found")
-	ErrCodeAmbiguousUser               = errors.MustNewCode("ambiguous_user")
-	ErrUserAlreadyExists               = errors.MustNewCode("user_already_exists")
-	ErrPasswordAlreadyExists           = errors.MustNewCode("password_already_exists")
-	ErrResetPasswordTokenAlreadyExists = errors.MustNewCode("reset_password_token_already_exists")
-	ErrPasswordNotFound                = errors.MustNewCode("password_not_found")
-	ErrResetPasswordTokenNotFound      = errors.MustNewCode("reset_password_token_not_found")
-	ErrAPIKeyAlreadyExists             = errors.MustNewCode("api_key_already_exists")
-	ErrAPIKeyNotFound                  = errors.MustNewCode("api_key_not_found")
+	ErrCodeUserNotFound                 = errors.MustNewCode("user_not_found")
+	ErrCodeAmbiguousUser                = errors.MustNewCode("ambiguous_user")
+	ErrUserAlreadyExists                = errors.MustNewCode("user_already_exists")
+	ErrPasswordAlreadyExists            = errors.MustNewCode("password_already_exists")
+	ErrResetPasswordTokenAlreadyExists  = errors.MustNewCode("reset_password_token_already_exists")
+	ErrPasswordNotFound                 = errors.MustNewCode("password_not_found")
+	ErrResetPasswordTokenNotFound       = errors.MustNewCode("reset_password_token_not_found")
+	ErrAPIKeyAlreadyExists              = errors.MustNewCode("api_key_already_exists")
+	ErrAPIKeyNotFound                   = errors.MustNewCode("api_key_not_found")
+	ErrCodeRootUserOperationUnsupported = errors.MustNewCode("root_user_operation_unsupported")
 )
 
 type GettableUser = User
@@ -29,9 +30,10 @@ type User struct {
 
 	Identifiable
 	DisplayName string       `bun:"display_name" json:"displayName"`
-	Email       valuer.Email `bun:"email,type:text" json:"email"`
-	Role        Role         `bun:"role,type:text" json:"role"`
-	OrgID       valuer.UUID  `bun:"org_id,type:text" json:"orgId"`
+	Email       valuer.Email `bun:"email" json:"email"`
+	Role        Role         `bun:"role" json:"role"`
+	OrgID       valuer.UUID  `bun:"org_id" json:"orgId"`
+	IsRoot      bool         `bun:"is_root" json:"isRoot"`
 	TimeAuditable
 }
 
@@ -64,6 +66,7 @@ func NewUser(displayName string, email valuer.Email, role Role, orgID valuer.UUI
 		Email:       email,
 		Role:        role,
 		OrgID:       orgID,
+		IsRoot:      false,
 		TimeAuditable: TimeAuditable{
 			CreatedAt: time.Now(),
 			UpdatedAt: time.Now(),
@@ -71,6 +74,65 @@ func NewUser(displayName string, email valuer.Email, role Role, orgID valuer.UUI
 	}, nil
 }
 
+func NewRootUser(displayName string, email valuer.Email, orgID valuer.UUID) (*User, error) {
+	if email.IsZero() {
+		return nil, errors.New(errors.TypeInvalidInput, errors.CodeInvalidInput, "email is required")
+	}
+
+	if orgID.IsZero() {
+		return nil, errors.New(errors.TypeInvalidInput, errors.CodeInvalidInput, "orgID is required")
+	}
+
+	return &User{
+		Identifiable: Identifiable{
+			ID: valuer.GenerateUUID(),
+		},
+		DisplayName: displayName,
+		Email:       email,
+		Role:        RoleAdmin,
+		OrgID:       orgID,
+		IsRoot:      true,
+		TimeAuditable: TimeAuditable{
+			CreatedAt: time.Now(),
+			UpdatedAt: time.Now(),
+		},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// Update applies mutable fields from the input to the user. Immutable fields
+// (email, is_root, org_id, id) are preserved. Only non-zero input fields are applied.
+func (u *User) Update(displayName string, role Role) {
+	if displayName != "" {
+		u.DisplayName = displayName
+	}
+	if role != "" {
+		u.Role = role
+	}
+	u.UpdatedAt = time.Now()
+}
+
+// PromoteToRoot promotes the user to a root user with admin role.
+func (u *User) PromoteToRoot() {
+	u.IsRoot = true
+	u.Role = RoleAdmin
+	u.UpdatedAt = time.Now()
+}
+
+// UpdateEmail updates the email of the user.
+func (u *User) UpdateEmail(email valuer.Email) {
+	u.Email = email
+	u.UpdatedAt = time.Now()
+}
+
+// ErrIfRoot returns an error if the user is a root user. The caller should
+// enrich the error with the specific operation using errors.WithAdditionalf.
+func (u *User) ErrIfRoot() error {
+	if u.IsRoot {
+		return errors.New(errors.TypeUnsupported, ErrCodeRootUserOperationUnsupported, "this operation is not supported for the root user")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func NewTraitsFromUser(user *User) map[string]any {
 	return map[string]any{
 		"name":         user.DisplayName,
@@ -133,7 +195,7 @@ type UserStore interface {
 	// List users by email and org ids.
 	ListUsersByEmailAndOrgIDs(ctx context.Context, email valuer.Email, orgIDs []valuer.UUID) ([]*User, error)
 
-	UpdateUser(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID, id string, user *User) (*User, error)
+	UpdateUser(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID, user *User) error
 	DeleteUser(ctx context.Context, orgID string, id string) error
 
 	// Creates a password.
@@ -156,6 +218,9 @@ type UserStore interface {
 
 	CountByOrgID(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID) (int64, error)
 
+	// Get root user by org.
+	GetRootUserByOrgID(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID) (*User, error)
+
 	// Transaction
 	RunInTx(ctx context.Context, cb func(ctx context.Context) error) error
 }

tests/integration/src/alerts/02_basic_alert_conditions.py

@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ from fixtures.alertutils import (
 from fixtures.logger import setup_logger
 from fixtures.utils import get_testdata_file_path
 
-# test cases for match type and compare operators have wait time of 30 seconds to verify the alert expectation.
-# we've poistioned the alert data to fire the alert on first eval of rule manager, the eval frequency
-# for most alert rules are set of 15s so considering this delay plus some delay from alert manager's
-# group_wait and group_interval, even in worst case most alerts should be triggered in about 30 seconds
+# Alert test cases use a 30-second wait time to verify expected alert firing.
+# Alert data is set up to trigger on the first rule manager evaluation.
+# With a 15-second eval frequency for most rules, plus alertmanager's
+# group_wait and group_interval delays, alerts should fire well within 30 seconds.
 TEST_RULES_MATCH_TYPE_AND_COMPARE_OPERATORS = [
     types.AlertTestCase(
         name="test_threshold_above_at_least_once",
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ TEST_RULES_MATCH_TYPE_AND_COMPARE_OPERATORS = [
         alert_data=[
             types.AlertData(
                 type="metrics",
+                # active requests dummy data
                 data_path="alerts/test_scenarios/threshold_above_at_least_once/alert_data.jsonl",
             ),
         ],
@@ -115,30 +116,28 @@ TEST_RULES_MATCH_TYPE_AND_COMPARE_OPERATORS = [
             ],
         ),
     ),
-    # TODO: @abhishekhugetech enable the test for matchType last, pylint: disable=W0511
-    # after the [issue](https://github.com/SigNoz/engineering-pod/issues/3801) with matchType last is fixed
-    # types.AlertTestCase(
-    #     name="test_threshold_above_last",
-    #     rule_path="alerts/test_scenarios/threshold_above_last/rule.json",
-    #     alert_data=[
-    #         types.AlertData(
-    #             type="metrics",
-    #             data_path="alerts/test_scenarios/threshold_above_last/alert_data.jsonl",
-    #         ),
-    #     ],
-    #     alert_expectation=types.AlertExpectation(
-    #         should_alert=True,
-    #         wait_time_seconds=30,
-    #         expected_alerts=[
-    #             types.FiringAlert(
-    #                 labels={
-    #                     "alertname": "threshold_above_last",
-    #                     "threshold.name": "critical",
-    #                 }
-    #             ),
-    #         ],
-    #     ),
-    # ),
+    types.AlertTestCase(
+        name="test_threshold_above_last",
+        rule_path="alerts/test_scenarios/threshold_above_last/rule.json",
+        alert_data=[
+            types.AlertData(
+                type="metrics",
+                data_path="alerts/test_scenarios/threshold_above_last/alert_data.jsonl",
+            ),
+        ],
+        alert_expectation=types.AlertExpectation(
+            should_alert=True,
+            wait_time_seconds=30,
+            expected_alerts=[
+                types.FiringAlert(
+                    labels={
+                        "alertname": "threshold_above_last",
+                        "threshold.name": "critical",
+                    }
+                ),
+            ],
+        ),
+    ),
     types.AlertTestCase(
         name="test_threshold_below_at_least_once",
         rule_path="alerts/test_scenarios/threshold_below_at_least_once/rule.json",
@@ -189,6 +188,7 @@ TEST_RULES_MATCH_TYPE_AND_COMPARE_OPERATORS = [
         alert_data=[
             types.AlertData(
                 type="metrics",
+                # one rate ~5 + rest 0.01 so it remains in total below 10
                 data_path="alerts/test_scenarios/threshold_below_in_total/alert_data.jsonl",
             ),
         ],
@@ -227,30 +227,28 @@ TEST_RULES_MATCH_TYPE_AND_COMPARE_OPERATORS = [
             ],
         ),
     ),
-    # TODO: @abhishekhugetech enable the test for matchType last,
-    # after the [issue](https://github.com/SigNoz/engineering-pod/issues/3801) with matchType last is fixed, pylint: disable=W0511
-    # types.AlertTestCase(
-    #     name="test_threshold_below_last",
-    #     rule_path="alerts/test_scenarios/threshold_below_last/rule.json",
-    #     alert_data=[
-    #         types.AlertData(
-    #             type="metrics",
-    #             data_path="alerts/test_scenarios/threshold_below_last/alert_data.jsonl",
-    #         ),
-    #     ],
-    #     alert_expectation=types.AlertExpectation(
-    #         should_alert=True,
-    #         wait_time_seconds=30,
-    #         expected_alerts=[
-    #             types.FiringAlert(
-    #                 labels={
-    #                     "alertname": "threshold_below_last",
-    #                     "threshold.name": "critical",
-    #                 }
-    #             ),
-    #         ],
-    #     ),
-    # ),
+    types.AlertTestCase(
+        name="test_threshold_below_last",
+        rule_path="alerts/test_scenarios/threshold_below_last/rule.json",
+        alert_data=[
+            types.AlertData(
+                type="metrics",
+                data_path="alerts/test_scenarios/threshold_below_last/alert_data.jsonl",
+            ),
+        ],
+        alert_expectation=types.AlertExpectation(
+            should_alert=True,
+            wait_time_seconds=30,
+            expected_alerts=[
+                types.FiringAlert(
+                    labels={
+                        "alertname": "threshold_below_last",
+                        "threshold.name": "critical",
+                    }
+                ),
+            ],
+        ),
+    ),
     types.AlertTestCase(
         name="test_threshold_equal_to_at_least_once",
         rule_path="alerts/test_scenarios/threshold_equal_to_at_least_once/rule.json",
@@ -339,30 +337,28 @@ TEST_RULES_MATCH_TYPE_AND_COMPARE_OPERATORS = [
             ],
         ),
     ),
-    # TODO: @abhishekhugetech enable the test for matchType last,
-    # after the [issue](https://github.com/SigNoz/engineering-pod/issues/3801) with matchType last is fixed, pylint: disable=W0511
-    # types.AlertTestCase(
-    #     name="test_threshold_equal_to_last",
-    #     rule_path="alerts/test_scenarios/threshold_equal_to_last/rule.json",
-    #     alert_data=[
-    #         types.AlertData(
-    #             type="metrics",
-    #             data_path="alerts/test_scenarios/threshold_equal_to_last/alert_data.jsonl",
-    #         ),
-    #     ],
-    #     alert_expectation=types.AlertExpectation(
-    #         should_alert=True,
-    #         wait_time_seconds=30,
-    #         expected_alerts=[
-    #             types.FiringAlert(
-    #                 labels={
-    #                     "alertname": "threshold_equal_to_last",
-    #                     "threshold.name": "critical",
-    #                 }
-    #             ),
-    #         ],
-    #     ),
-    # ),
+    types.AlertTestCase(
+        name="test_threshold_equal_to_last",
+        rule_path="alerts/test_scenarios/threshold_equal_to_last/rule.json",
+        alert_data=[
+            types.AlertData(
+                type="metrics",
+                data_path="alerts/test_scenarios/threshold_equal_to_last/alert_data.jsonl",
+            ),
+        ],
+        alert_expectation=types.AlertExpectation(
+            should_alert=True,
+            wait_time_seconds=30,
+            expected_alerts=[
+                types.FiringAlert(
+                    labels={
+                        "alertname": "threshold_equal_to_last",
+                        "threshold.name": "critical",
+                    }
+                ),
+            ],
+        ),
+    ),
     types.AlertTestCase(
         name="test_threshold_not_equal_to_at_least_once",
         rule_path="alerts/test_scenarios/threshold_not_equal_to_at_least_once/rule.json",
@@ -451,30 +447,28 @@ TEST_RULES_MATCH_TYPE_AND_COMPARE_OPERATORS = [
             ],
         ),
     ),
-    # TODO: @abhishekhugetech enable the test for matchType last,
-    # after the [issue](https://github.com/SigNoz/engineering-pod/issues/3801) with matchType last is fixed, pylint: disable=W0511
-    # types.AlertTestCase(
-    #     name="test_threshold_not_equal_to_last",
-    #     rule_path="alerts/test_scenarios/threshold_not_equal_to_last/rule.json",
-    #     alert_data=[
-    #         types.AlertData(
-    #             type="metrics",
-    #             data_path="alerts/test_scenarios/threshold_not_equal_to_last/alert_data.jsonl",
-    #         ),
-    #     ],
-    #     alert_expectation=types.AlertExpectation(
-    #         should_alert=True,
-    #         wait_time_seconds=30,
-    #         expected_alerts=[
-    #             types.FiringAlert(
-    #                 labels={
-    #                     "alertname": "threshold_not_equal_to_last",
-    #                     "threshold.name": "critical",
-    #                 }
-    #             ),
-    #         ],
-    #     ),
-    # ),
+    types.AlertTestCase(
+        name="test_threshold_not_equal_to_last",
+        rule_path="alerts/test_scenarios/threshold_not_equal_to_last/rule.json",
+        alert_data=[
+            types.AlertData(
+                type="metrics",
+                data_path="alerts/test_scenarios/threshold_not_equal_to_last/alert_data.jsonl",
+            ),
+        ],
+        alert_expectation=types.AlertExpectation(
+            should_alert=True,
+            wait_time_seconds=30,
+            expected_alerts=[
+                types.FiringAlert(
+                    labels={
+                        "alertname": "threshold_not_equal_to_last",
+                        "threshold.name": "critical",
+                    }
+                ),
+            ],
+        ),
+    ),
 ]
 
 # test cases unit conversion

tests/integration/src/querier/05_metrics_rate_cumulative_counter.py

@@ -54,17 +54,17 @@ def test_rate_with_steady_values_and_reset(
 
     data = response.json()
     result_values = sorted(get_series_values(data, "A"), key=lambda x: x["timestamp"])
-    assert len(result_values) >= 59
+    assert len(result_values) >= 58
     # the counter reset happened at 31st minute
     assert (
-        result_values[30]["value"] == 0.0167
+        result_values[29]["value"] == 0.0167
     )  # i.e 2/120 i.e 29th to 31st minute changes
     assert (
-        result_values[31]["value"] == 0.133
+        result_values[30]["value"] == 0.133
     )  # i.e 10/60 i.e 31st to 32nd minute changes
     count_of_steady_rate = sum(1 for v in result_values if v["value"] == 0.0833)
     assert (
-        count_of_steady_rate >= 56
+        count_of_steady_rate >= 55
     )  # 59 - (1 reset + 1 high rate + 1 at the beginning)
     # All rates should be non-negative (stale periods = 0 rate)
     for v in result_values:

tests/integration/src/querier/07_metrics_multi_temporality.py

@@ -72,16 +72,17 @@ def test_with_steady_values_and_reset(
 
     data = response.json()
     result_values = sorted(get_series_values(data, "A"), key=lambda x: x["timestamp"])
-    assert len(result_values) >= 59
+    assert len(result_values) >= 58
     # the counter reset happened at 31st minute
-    assert result_values[30]["value"] == expected_value_at_31st_minute
-    assert result_values[31]["value"] == expected_value_at_32nd_minute
+    # we skip the rate value for the first data point without previous value
+    assert result_values[29]["value"] == expected_value_at_31st_minute
+    assert result_values[30]["value"] == expected_value_at_32nd_minute
     assert (
-        result_values[39]["value"] == steady_value
-    )  # 39th minute is when cumulative shifts to delta
+        result_values[38]["value"] == steady_value
+    )  # 38th minute is when cumulative shifts to delta
     count_of_steady_rate = sum(1 for v in result_values if v["value"] == steady_value)
     assert (
-        count_of_steady_rate >= 56
+        count_of_steady_rate >= 55
     )  # 59 - (1 reset + 1 high rate + 1 at the beginning)
     # All rates should be non-negative (stale periods = 0 rate)
     for v in result_values:
@@ -316,12 +317,12 @@ def test_for_service_with_switch(
 
     data = response.json()
     result_values = sorted(get_series_values(data, "A"), key=lambda x: x["timestamp"])
-    assert len(result_values) >= 60
-    assert result_values[30]["value"] == expected_value_at_30th_minute  # 0.183
-    assert result_values[31]["value"] == expected_value_at_31st_minute  # 0.183
-    assert result_values[38]["value"] == value_at_switch  # 0.25
+    assert len(result_values) >= 59
+    assert result_values[29]["value"] == expected_value_at_30th_minute  # 0.183
+    assert result_values[30]["value"] == expected_value_at_31st_minute  # 0.183
+    assert result_values[37]["value"] == value_at_switch  # 0.25
     assert (
-        result_values[39]["value"] == value_at_switch  # 0.25
+        result_values[38]["value"] == value_at_switch  # 0.25
     )  # 39th minute is when cumulative shifts to delta
     # All rates should be non-negative (stale periods = 0 rate)
     for v in result_values:

tests/integration/testdata/alerts/test_scenarios/threshold_above_at_least_once/alert_data.jsonl

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-{"metric_name":"request_total_threshold_above_at_least_once","labels":{"service":"api","endpoint":"/health","status_code":"200"},"timestamp":"2026-01-29T10:01:00+00:00","value":1,"temporality":"Cumulative","type_":"Sum","is_monotonic":true,"flags":0,"description":"","unit":"","env":"default","resource_attrs":{},"scope_attrs":{}}
-{"metric_name":"request_total_threshold_above_at_least_once","labels":{"service":"api","endpoint":"/health","status_code":"200"},"timestamp":"2026-01-29T10:02:00+00:00","value":2,"temporality":"Cumulative","type_":"Sum","is_monotonic":true,"flags":0,"description":"","unit":"","env":"default","resource_attrs":{},"scope_attrs":{}}
-{"metric_name":"request_total_threshold_above_at_least_once","labels":{"service":"api","endpoint":"/health","status_code":"200"},"timestamp":"2026-01-29T10:03:00+00:00","value":3,"temporality":"Cumulative","type_":"Sum","is_monotonic":true,"flags":0,"description":"","unit":"","env":"default","resource_attrs":{},"scope_attrs":{}}
-{"metric_name":"request_total_threshold_above_at_least_once","labels":{"service":"api","endpoint":"/health","status_code":"200"},"timestamp":"2026-01-29T10:04:00+00:00","value":4,"temporality":"Cumulative","type_":"Sum","is_monotonic":true,"flags":0,"description":"","unit":"","env":"default","resource_attrs":{},"scope_attrs":{}}
-{"metric_name":"request_total_threshold_above_at_least_once","labels":{"service":"api","endpoint":"/health","status_code":"200"},"timestamp":"2026-01-29T10:05:00+00:00","value":19,"temporality":"Cumulative","type_":"Sum","is_monotonic":true,"flags":0,"description":"","unit":"","env":"default","resource_attrs":{},"scope_attrs":{}}
-{"metric_name":"request_total_threshold_above_at_least_once","labels":{"service":"api","endpoint":"/health","status_code":"200"},"timestamp":"2026-01-29T10:06:00+00:00","value":20,"temporality":"Cumulative","type_":"Sum","is_monotonic":true,"flags":0,"description":"","unit":"","env":"default","resource_attrs":{},"scope_attrs":{}}
-{"metric_name":"request_total_threshold_above_at_least_once","labels":{"service":"api","endpoint":"/health","status_code":"200"},"timestamp":"2026-01-29T10:07:00+00:00","value":35,"temporality":"Cumulative","type_":"Sum","is_monotonic":true,"flags":0,"description":"","unit":"","env":"default","resource_attrs":{},"scope_attrs":{}}
-{"metric_name":"request_total_threshold_above_at_least_once","labels":{"service":"api","endpoint":"/health","status_code":"200"},"timestamp":"2026-01-29T10:08:00+00:00","value":36,"temporality":"Cumulative","type_":"Sum","is_monotonic":true,"flags":0,"description":"","unit":"","env":"default","resource_attrs":{},"scope_attrs":{}}
-{"metric_name":"request_total_threshold_above_at_least_once","labels":{"service":"api","endpoint":"/health","status_code":"200"},"timestamp":"2026-01-29T10:09:00+00:00","value":37,"temporality":"Cumulative","type_":"Sum","is_monotonic":true,"flags":0,"description":"","unit":"","env":"default","resource_attrs":{},"scope_attrs":{}}
-{"metric_name":"request_total_threshold_above_at_least_once","labels":{"service":"api","endpoint":"/health","status_code":"200"},"timestamp":"2026-01-29T10:10:00+00:00","value":38,"temporality":"Cumulative","type_":"Sum","is_monotonic":true,"flags":0,"description":"","unit":"","env":"default","resource_attrs":{},"scope_attrs":{}}
-{"metric_name":"request_total_threshold_above_at_least_once","labels":{"service":"api","endpoint":"/health","status_code":"200"},"timestamp":"2026-01-29T10:11:00+00:00","value":39,"temporality":"Cumulative","type_":"Sum","is_monotonic":true,"flags":0,"description":"","unit":"","env":"default","resource_attrs":{},"scope_attrs":{}}
-{"metric_name":"request_total_threshold_above_at_least_once","labels":{"service":"api","endpoint":"/health","status_code":"200"},"timestamp":"2026-01-29T10:12:00+00:00","value":40,"temporality":"Cumulative","type_":"Sum","is_monotonic":true,"flags":0,"description":"","unit":"","env":"default","resource_attrs":{},"scope_attrs":{}}
+{"metric_name":"request_total_threshold_above_at_least_once","labels":{"service":"api","endpoint":"/health","status_code":"200"},"timestamp":"2026-01-29T10:01:00+00:00","value":1,"temporality":"Cumulative","type_":"Sum","is_monotonic":false,"flags":0,"description":"","unit":"","env":"default","resource_attrs":{},"scope_attrs":{}}
+{"metric_name":"request_total_threshold_above_at_least_once","labels":{"service":"api","endpoint":"/health","status_code":"200"},"timestamp":"2026-01-29T10:02:00+00:00","value":2,"temporality":"Cumulative","type_":"Sum","is_monotonic":false,"flags":0,"description":"","unit":"","env":"default","resource_attrs":{},"scope_attrs":{}}
+{"metric_name":"request_total_threshold_above_at_least_once","labels":{"service":"api","endpoint":"/health","status_code":"200"},"timestamp":"2026-01-29T10:03:00+00:00","value":4,"temporality":"Cumulative","type_":"Sum","is_monotonic":false,"flags":0,"description":"","unit":"","env":"default","resource_attrs":{},"scope_attrs":{}}
+{"metric_name":"request_total_threshold_above_at_least_once","labels":{"service":"api","endpoint":"/health","status_code":"200"},"timestamp":"2026-01-29T10:04:00+00:00","value":4,"temporality":"Cumulative","type_":"Sum","is_monotonic":false,"flags":0,"description":"","unit":"","env":"default","resource_attrs":{},"scope_attrs":{}}
+{"metric_name":"request_total_threshold_above_at_least_once","labels":{"service":"api","endpoint":"/health","status_code":"200"},"timestamp":"2026-01-29T10:05:00+00:00","value":15,"temporality":"Cumulative","type_":"Sum","is_monotonic":false,"flags":0,"description":"","unit":"","env":"default","resource_attrs":{},"scope_attrs":{}}
+{"metric_name":"request_total_threshold_above_at_least_once","labels":{"service":"api","endpoint":"/health","status_code":"200"},"timestamp":"2026-01-29T10:06:00+00:00","value":10,"temporality":"Cumulative","type_":"Sum","is_monotonic":false,"flags":0,"description":"","unit":"","env":"default","resource_attrs":{},"scope_attrs":{}}
+{"metric_name":"request_total_threshold_above_at_least_once","labels":{"service":"api","endpoint":"/health","status_code":"200"},"timestamp":"2026-01-29T10:07:00+00:00","value":36,"temporality":"Cumulative","type_":"Sum","is_monotonic":false,"flags":0,"description":"","unit":"","env":"default","resource_attrs":{},"scope_attrs":{}}
+{"metric_name":"request_total_threshold_above_at_least_once","labels":{"service":"api","endpoint":"/health","status_code":"200"},"timestamp":"2026-01-29T10:08:00+00:00","value":25,"temporality":"Cumulative","type_":"Sum","is_monotonic":false,"flags":0,"description":"","unit":"","env":"default","resource_attrs":{},"scope_attrs":{}}
+{"metric_name":"request_total_threshold_above_at_least_once","labels":{"service":"api","endpoint":"/health","status_code":"200"},"timestamp":"2026-01-29T10:09:00+00:00","value":37,"temporality":"Cumulative","type_":"Sum","is_monotonic":false,"flags":0,"description":"","unit":"","env":"default","resource_attrs":{},"scope_attrs":{}}
+{"metric_name":"request_total_threshold_above_at_least_once","labels":{"service":"api","endpoint":"/health","status_code":"200"},"timestamp":"2026-01-29T10:10:00+00:00","value":35,"temporality":"Cumulative","type_":"Sum","is_monotonic":false,"flags":0,"description":"","unit":"","env":"default","resource_attrs":{},"scope_attrs":{}}
+{"metric_name":"request_total_threshold_above_at_least_once","labels":{"service":"api","endpoint":"/health","status_code":"200"},"timestamp":"2026-01-29T10:11:00+00:00","value":39,"temporality":"Cumulative","type_":"Sum","is_monotonic":false,"flags":0,"description":"","unit":"","env":"default","resource_attrs":{},"scope_attrs":{}}
+{"metric_name":"request_total_threshold_above_at_least_once","labels":{"service":"api","endpoint":"/health","status_code":"200"},"timestamp":"2026-01-29T10:12:00+00:00","value":25,"temporality":"Cumulative","type_":"Sum","is_monotonic":false,"flags":0,"description":"","unit":"","env":"default","resource_attrs":{},"scope_attrs":{}}