fix: Include field name in config validation error messages (#131)

Previously, Pydantic validation errors like "Extra inputs are not
permitted" didn't show which field caused the error. Now the error
message includes the field location (e.g., "unknown_key: Extra inputs
are not permitted").

.envrc.example

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# Run containers as current user (preserves file ownership on NFS mounts)
+# Copy this file to .envrc and run: direnv allow
+export CF_UID=$(id -u)
+export CF_GID=$(id -g)
+export CF_HOME=$HOME
+export CF_USER=$USER

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ jobs:
   build:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           lfs: true
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload artifact
         if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
-        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v4
         with:
           path: "./site"
 

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
     rev: v0.14.9
     hooks:
-      - id: ruff
+      - id: ruff-check
         args: [--fix]
       - id: ruff-format
 

.prompts/docs-review.md

@@ -1,118 +1,117 @@
-Review all documentation in this repository for accuracy, completeness, and consistency. Cross-reference documentation against the actual codebase to identify issues.
+Review documentation for accuracy, completeness, and consistency. Focus on things that require judgment—automated checks handle the rest.
 
-## Scope
+## What's Already Automated
 
-Review all documentation files:
-- docs/*.md (primary documentation)
-- README.md (repository landing page)
-- CLAUDE.md (development guidelines)
-- examples/README.md (example configurations)
+Don't waste time on these—CI and pre-commit hooks handle them:
 
-## Review Checklist
+- **README help output**: `markdown-code-runner` regenerates `cf --help` blocks in CI
+- **README command table**: Pre-commit hook verifies commands are listed
+- **Linting/formatting**: Handled by pre-commit
 
-### 1. Command Documentation
+## What This Review Is For
 
-For each documented command, verify against the CLI source code:
+Focus on things that require judgment:
 
-- Command exists in codebase
-- All options are documented with correct names, types, and defaults
-- Short options (-x) match long options (--xxx)
-- Examples would work as written
-- Check for undocumented commands or options
+1. **Accuracy**: Does the documentation match what the code actually does?
+2. **Completeness**: Are there undocumented features, options, or behaviors?
+3. **Clarity**: Would a new user understand this? Are examples realistic?
+4. **Consistency**: Do different docs contradict each other?
+5. **Freshness**: Has the code changed in ways the docs don't reflect?
 
-Run `--help` for each command to verify.
+## Review Process
 
-### 2. Configuration Documentation
+### 1. Check Recent Changes
 
-Verify against Pydantic models in the config module:
+```bash
+# What changed recently that might need doc updates?
+git log --oneline -20 | grep -iE "feat|fix|add|remove|change|option"
 
-- All config keys are documented
-- Types match Pydantic field types
-- Required vs optional fields are correct
-- Default values are accurate
-- Config file search order matches code
-- Example YAML is valid and uses current schema
+# What code files changed?
+git diff --name-only HEAD~20 | grep "\.py$"
+```
 
-### 3. Architecture Documentation
+Look for new features, changed defaults, renamed options, or removed functionality.
 
-Verify against actual directory structure:
+### 2. Verify docs/commands.md Options Tables
 
-- File paths match actual source code location
-- All modules listed actually exist
-- No modules are missing from the list
-- Component descriptions match code functionality
-- CLI module list includes all command files
+The README auto-updates help output, but `docs/commands.md` has **manually maintained options tables**. These can drift.
 
-### 4. State and Data Files
+For each command's options table, compare against `cf <command> --help`:
+- Are all options listed?
+- Are short flags correct?
+- Are defaults accurate?
+- Are descriptions accurate?
 
-Verify against state and path modules:
+**Pay special attention to subcommands** (`cf config *`, `cf ssh *`)—these have their own options that are easy to miss.
 
-- State file name and location are correct
-- State file format matches actual structure
-- Log file name and location are correct
-- What triggers state/log updates is accurate
+### 3. Verify docs/configuration.md
 
-### 5. Installation Documentation
+Compare against Pydantic models in the source:
 
-Verify against pyproject.toml:
+```bash
+# Find the config models
+grep -r "class.*BaseModel" src/ --include="*.py" -A 15
+```
 
-- Python version requirement matches requires-python
-- Package name is correct
-- Optional dependencies are documented
-- CLI entry points are mentioned
-- Installation methods work as documented
+Check:
+- All config keys documented
+- Types and defaults match code
+- Config file search order is accurate
+- Example YAML would actually work
 
-### 6. Feature Claims
+### 4. Verify docs/architecture.md
 
-For each claimed feature, verify it exists and works as described.
+```bash
+# What source files actually exist?
+git ls-files "src/**/*.py"
+```
 
-### 7. Cross-Reference Consistency
+Check:
+- Listed files exist
+- No files are missing from the list
+- Descriptions match what the code does
 
-Check for conflicts between documentation files:
+### 5. Check Examples
 
-- README vs docs/index.md (should be consistent)
-- CLAUDE.md vs actual code structure
-- Command tables match across files
-- Config examples are consistent
+For examples in any doc:
+- Would the YAML/commands actually work?
+- Are service names, paths, and options realistic?
+- Do examples use current syntax (not deprecated options)?
 
-### 8. Recent Changes Check
+### 6. Cross-Reference Consistency
 
-Before starting the review:
+The same info appears in multiple places. Check for conflicts:
+- README.md vs docs/index.md
+- docs/commands.md vs CLAUDE.md command tables
+- Config examples across different docs
 
-- Run `git log --oneline -20` to see recent commits
-- Look for commits with `feat:`, `fix:`, or that mention new options/commands
-- Cross-reference these against the documentation to catch undocumented features
+### 7. Self-Check This Prompt
 
-### 9. Auto-Generated Content
+This prompt can become outdated too. If you notice:
+- New automated checks that should be listed above
+- New doc files that need review guidelines
+- Patterns that caused issues
 
-For README.md or docs with `<!-- CODE:BASH:START -->` blocks:
-
-- Run `uv run markdown-code-runner <file>` to regenerate outputs
-- Check for missing `<!-- OUTPUT:START -->` markers (blocks that never ran)
-- Verify help output matches current CLI behavior
-
-### 10. CLI Options Completeness
-
-For each command, run `cf <command> --help` and verify:
-
-- Every option shown in help is documented
-- Short flags (-x) are listed alongside long flags (--xxx)
-- Default values in help match documented defaults
+Include prompt updates in your fixes.
 
 ## Output Format
 
-Provide findings in these categories:
+Categorize findings:
 
-1. **Critical Issues**: Incorrect information that would cause user problems
-2. **Inaccuracies**: Technical errors, wrong defaults, incorrect paths
-3. **Missing Documentation**: Features/commands that exist but aren't documented
-4. **Outdated Content**: Information that was once true but no longer is
-5. **Inconsistencies**: Conflicts between different documentation files
-6. **Minor Issues**: Typos, formatting, unclear wording
-7. **Verified Accurate**: Sections confirmed to be correct
+1. **Critical**: Wrong info that would break user workflows
+2. **Inaccuracy**: Technical errors (wrong defaults, paths, types)
+3. **Missing**: Undocumented features or options
+4. **Outdated**: Was true, no longer is
+5. **Inconsistency**: Docs contradict each other
+6. **Minor**: Typos, unclear wording
 
-For each issue, include:
-- File path and line number (if applicable)
-- What the documentation says
-- What the code actually does
-- Suggested fix
+For each issue, provide a ready-to-apply fix:
+
+```
+### Issue: [Brief description]
+
+- **File**: docs/commands.md:652
+- **Problem**: `cf ssh setup` has `--config` option but it's not documented
+- **Fix**: Add `--config, -c PATH` to the options table
+- **Verify**: `cf ssh setup --help`
+```

.prompts/pr-review.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+Review the pull request for:
+
+- **Code cleanliness**: Is the implementation clean and well-structured?
+- **DRY principle**: Does it avoid duplication?
+- **Code reuse**: Are there parts that should be reused from other places?
+- **Organization**: Is everything in the right place?
+- **Consistency**: Is it in the same style as other parts of the codebase?
+- **Simplicity**: Is it not over-engineered? Remember KISS and YAGNI. No dead code paths and NO defensive programming.
+- **User experience**: Does it provide a good user experience?
+- **PR**: Is the PR description and title clear and informative?
+- **Tests**: Are there tests, and do they cover the changes adequately? Are they testing something meaningful or are they just trivial?
+- **Live tests**: Test the changes in a REAL live environment to ensure they work as expected, use the config in `/opt/stacks/compose-farm.yaml`.
+- **Rules**: Does the code follow the project's coding standards and guidelines as laid out in @CLAUDE.md?
+
+Look at `git diff origin/main..HEAD` for the changes made in this pull request.

.prompts/update-demos.md

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+Update demo recordings to match the current compose-farm.yaml configuration.
+
+## Key Gotchas
+
+1. **Never `git checkout` without asking** - check for uncommitted changes first
+2. **Prefer `nas` stacks** - demos run locally on nas, SSH adds latency
+3. **Terminal captures keyboard** - use `blur()` to release focus before command palette
+4. **Clicking sidebar navigates away** - clicking h1 scrolls to top
+5. **Buttons have icons, not text** - use `[data-tip="..."]` selectors
+6. **`record.py` auto-restores config** - no manual cleanup needed after CLI demos
+
+## Stacks Used in Demos
+
+| Stack | CLI Demos | Web Demos | Notes |
+|-------|-----------|-----------|-------|
+| `audiobookshelf` | quickstart, migration, apply | - | Migrates nas→anton |
+| `grocy` | update | navigation, stack, workflow, console | - |
+| `immich` | logs, compose | shell | Multiple containers |
+| `dozzle` | - | workflow | - |
+
+## CLI Demos
+
+**Files:** `docs/demos/cli/*.tape`
+
+Check:
+- `quickstart.tape`: `bat -r` line ranges match current config structure
+- `migration.tape`: nvim keystrokes work, stack exists on nas
+- `compose.tape`: exec commands produce meaningful output
+
+Run: `python docs/demos/cli/record.py [demo]`
+
+## Web Demos
+
+**Files:** `docs/demos/web/demo_*.py`
+
+Check:
+- Stack names in demos still exist in config
+- Selectors match current templates (grep for IDs in `templates/`)
+- Shell demo uses command palette for ALL navigation
+
+Run: `python docs/demos/web/record.py [demo]`
+
+## Before Recording
+
+```bash
+# Check for uncommitted config changes
+git -C /opt/stacks diff compose-farm.yaml
+
+# Verify stacks are running
+cf ps audiobookshelf grocy immich dozzle
+```

Dockerfile

@@ -16,5 +16,13 @@ RUN apk add --no-cache openssh-client
 COPY --from=builder /root/.local/share/uv/tools/compose-farm /root/.local/share/uv/tools/compose-farm
 COPY --from=builder /usr/local/bin/cf /usr/local/bin/compose-farm /usr/local/bin/
 
-ENTRYPOINT ["cf"]
+# Allow non-root users to access the installed tool
+# (required when running with user: "${CF_UID:-0}:${CF_GID:-0}")
+RUN chmod 755 /root
+
+# Allow non-root users to add passwd entries (required for SSH)
+RUN chmod 666 /etc/passwd
+
+# Entrypoint creates /etc/passwd entry for non-root UIDs (required for SSH)
+ENTRYPOINT ["sh", "-c", "[ $(id -u) != 0 ] && echo ${USER:-u}:x:$(id -u):$(id -g)::${HOME:-/}:/bin/sh >> /etc/passwd; exec cf \"$@\"", "--"]
 CMD ["--help"]

README.md

@@ -5,12 +5,19 @@
 [![License](https://img.shields.io/github/license/basnijholt/compose-farm)](LICENSE)
 [![GitHub stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/basnijholt/compose-farm)](https://github.com/basnijholt/compose-farm/stargazers)
 
-<img src="http://files.nijho.lt/compose-farm.png" align="right" style="width: 300px;" />
+<img src="https://files.nijho.lt/compose-farm.png" alt="Compose Farm logo" align="right" style="width: 300px;" />
 
 A minimal CLI tool to run Docker Compose commands across multiple hosts via SSH.
 
 > [!NOTE]
-> Run `docker compose` commands across multiple hosts via SSH. One YAML maps stacks to hosts. Run `cf apply` and reality matches your config—stacks start, migrate, or stop as needed. No Kubernetes, no Swarm, no magic.
+> Agentless multi-host Docker Compose. CLI-first with a web UI. Your files stay as plain folders—version-controllable, no lock-in. Run `cf apply` and reality matches your config.
+
+**Why Compose Farm?**
+- **Your files, your control** — Plain folders + YAML, not locked in Portainer. Version control everything.
+- **Agentless** — Just SSH, no agents to deploy (unlike [Dockge](https://github.com/louislam/dockge)).
+- **Zero changes required** — Existing compose files work as-is.
+- **Grows with you** — Start single-host, scale to multi-host seamlessly.
+- **Declarative** — Change config, run `cf apply`, reality matches.
 
 ## Quick Demo
 
@@ -177,6 +184,24 @@ docker run --rm \
   ghcr.io/basnijholt/compose-farm up --all
 ```
 
+**Running as non-root user** (recommended for NFS mounts):
+
+By default, containers run as root. To preserve file ownership on mounted volumes
+(e.g., `compose-farm-state.yaml`, config edits), set these environment variables:
+
+```bash
+# Add to .env file (one-time setup)
+echo "CF_UID=$(id -u)" >> .env
+echo "CF_GID=$(id -g)" >> .env
+echo "CF_HOME=$HOME" >> .env
+echo "CF_USER=$USER" >> .env
+```
+
+Or use [direnv](https://direnv.net/) (copies `.envrc.example` to `.envrc`):
+```bash
+cp .envrc.example .envrc && direnv allow
+```
+
 </details>
 
 ## SSH Authentication
@@ -216,13 +241,13 @@ When running in Docker, mount a volume to persist the SSH keys. Choose ONE optio
 **Option 1: Host path (default)** - keys at `~/.ssh/compose-farm/id_ed25519`
 ```yaml
 volumes:
-  - ~/.ssh/compose-farm:/root/.ssh
+  - ~/.ssh/compose-farm:${CF_HOME:-/root}/.ssh
 ```
 
 **Option 2: Named volume** - managed by Docker
 ```yaml
 volumes:
-  - cf-ssh:/root/.ssh
+  - cf-ssh:${CF_HOME:-/root}/.ssh
 ```
 
 Run setup once after starting the container (while the SSH agent still works):
@@ -233,6 +258,8 @@ docker compose exec web cf ssh setup
 
 The keys will persist across restarts.
 
+**Note:** When running as non-root (with `CF_UID`/`CF_GID`), set `CF_HOME` to your home directory so SSH finds the keys at the correct path.
+
 </details>
 
 ## Configuration
@@ -422,6 +449,15 @@ Full `--help` output for each command. See the [Usage](#usage) table above for a
 │                                 copy it or customize the installation.       │
 │ --help                -h        Show this message and exit.                  │
 ╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
+╭─ Configuration ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
+│ traefik-file   Generate a Traefik file-provider fragment from compose        │
+│                Traefik labels.                                               │
+│ refresh        Update local state from running stacks.                       │
+│ check          Validate configuration, traefik labels, mounts, and networks. │
+│ init-network   Create Docker network on hosts with consistent settings.      │
+│ config         Manage compose-farm configuration files.                      │
+│ ssh            Manage SSH keys for passwordless authentication.              │
+╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
 ╭─ Lifecycle ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
 │ up             Start stacks (docker compose up -d). Auto-migrates if host    │
 │                changed.                                                      │
@@ -433,18 +469,10 @@ Full `--help` output for each command. See the [Usage](#usage) table above for a
 │                that service.                                                 │
 │ update         Update stacks (pull + build + down + up). With --service,     │
 │                updates just that service.                                    │
-│ apply          Make reality match config (start, migrate, stop as needed).   │
+│ apply          Make reality match config (start, migrate, stop               │
+│                strays/orphans as needed).                                    │
 │ compose        Run any docker compose command on a stack.                    │
 ╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
-╭─ Configuration ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
-│ traefik-file   Generate a Traefik file-provider fragment from compose        │
-│                Traefik labels.                                               │
-│ refresh        Update local state from running stacks.                       │
-│ check          Validate configuration, traefik labels, mounts, and networks. │
-│ init-network   Create Docker network on hosts with consistent settings.      │
-│ config         Manage compose-farm configuration files.                      │
-│ ssh            Manage SSH keys for passwordless authentication.              │
-╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
 ╭─ Monitoring ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
 │ logs           Show stack logs. With --service, shows logs for just that     │
 │                service.                                                      │
@@ -694,22 +722,25 @@ Full `--help` output for each command. See the [Usage](#usage) table above for a
 
  Usage: cf apply [OPTIONS]
 
- Make reality match config (start, migrate, stop as needed).
+ Make reality match config (start, migrate, stop strays/orphans as needed).
 
  This is the "reconcile" command that ensures running stacks match your
  config file. It will:
 
  1. Stop orphaned stacks (in state but removed from config)
- 2. Migrate stacks on wrong host (host in state ≠ host in config)
- 3. Start missing stacks (in config but not in state)
+ 2. Stop stray stacks (running on unauthorized hosts)
+ 3. Migrate stacks on wrong host (host in state ≠ host in config)
+ 4. Start missing stacks (in config but not in state)
 
  Use --dry-run to preview changes before applying.
- Use --no-orphans to only migrate/start without stopping orphaned stacks.
+ Use --no-orphans to skip stopping orphaned stacks.
+ Use --no-strays to skip stopping stray stacks.
  Use --full to also run 'up' on all stacks (picks up compose/env changes).
 
 ╭─ Options ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
 │ --dry-run     -n            Show what would change without executing         │
 │ --no-orphans                Only migrate, don't stop orphaned stacks         │
+│ --no-strays                 Don't stop stray stacks (running on wrong host)  │
 │ --full        -f            Also run up on all stacks to apply config        │
 │                             changes                                          │
 │ --config      -c      PATH  Path to config file                              │

docker-compose.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 services:
   cf:
     image: ghcr.io/basnijholt/compose-farm:latest
+    # Run as current user to preserve file ownership on mounted volumes
+    # Set CF_UID=$(id -u) CF_GID=$(id -g) in your environment or .env file
+    # Defaults to root (0:0) for backwards compatibility
+    user: "${CF_UID:-0}:${CF_GID:-0}"
     volumes:
       - ${SSH_AUTH_SOCK}:/ssh-agent:ro
       # Compose directory (contains compose files AND compose-farm.yaml config)
@@ -8,31 +12,43 @@ services:
       # SSH keys for passwordless auth (generated by `cf ssh setup`)
       # Choose ONE option below (use the same option for both cf and web services):
       # Option 1: Host path (default) - keys at ~/.ssh/compose-farm/id_ed25519
-      - ${CF_SSH_DIR:-~/.ssh/compose-farm}:/root/.ssh
+      - ${CF_SSH_DIR:-~/.ssh/compose-farm}:${CF_HOME:-/root}/.ssh/compose-farm
       # Option 2: Named volume - managed by Docker, shared between services
-      # - cf-ssh:/root/.ssh
+      # - cf-ssh:${CF_HOME:-/root}/.ssh
     environment:
       - SSH_AUTH_SOCK=/ssh-agent
       # Config file path (state stored alongside it)
       - CF_CONFIG=${CF_COMPOSE_DIR:-/opt/stacks}/compose-farm.yaml
+      # HOME must match the user running the container for SSH to find keys
+      - HOME=${CF_HOME:-/root}
+      # USER is required for SSH when running as non-root (UID not in /etc/passwd)
+      - USER=${CF_USER:-root}
 
   web:
     image: ghcr.io/basnijholt/compose-farm:latest
     restart: unless-stopped
     command: web --host 0.0.0.0 --port 9000
+    # Run as current user to preserve file ownership on mounted volumes
+    user: "${CF_UID:-0}:${CF_GID:-0}"
     volumes:
       - ${SSH_AUTH_SOCK}:/ssh-agent:ro
       - ${CF_COMPOSE_DIR:-/opt/stacks}:${CF_COMPOSE_DIR:-/opt/stacks}
       # SSH keys - use the SAME option as cf service above
       # Option 1: Host path (default)
-      - ${CF_SSH_DIR:-~/.ssh/compose-farm}:/root/.ssh
+      - ${CF_SSH_DIR:-~/.ssh/compose-farm}:${CF_HOME:-/root}/.ssh/compose-farm
       # Option 2: Named volume
-      # - cf-ssh:/root/.ssh
+      # - cf-ssh:${CF_HOME:-/root}/.ssh
+      # XDG config dir for backups and image digest logs (persists across restarts)
+      - ${CF_XDG_CONFIG:-~/.config/compose-farm}:${CF_HOME:-/root}/.config/compose-farm
     environment:
       - SSH_AUTH_SOCK=/ssh-agent
       - CF_CONFIG=${CF_COMPOSE_DIR:-/opt/stacks}/compose-farm.yaml
       # Used to detect self-updates and run via SSH to survive container restart
       - CF_WEB_STACK=compose-farm
+      # HOME must match the user running the container for SSH to find keys
+      - HOME=${CF_HOME:-/root}
+      # USER is required for SSH when running as non-root (UID not in /etc/passwd)
+      - USER=${CF_USER:-root}
     labels:
       - traefik.enable=true
       - traefik.http.routers.compose-farm.rule=Host(`compose-farm.${DOMAIN}`)

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@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
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+size 901456

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+size 12415357

docs/commands.md

@@ -290,6 +290,10 @@ cf pull immich --service database
 
 Run any docker compose command on a stack. This is a passthrough to docker compose for commands not wrapped by cf.
 
+<video autoplay loop muted playsinline>
+  <source src="/assets/compose.webm" type="video/webm">
+</video>
+
 ```bash
 cf compose [OPTIONS] STACK COMMAND [ARGS]...
 ```
@@ -649,7 +653,20 @@ cf ssh COMMAND
 | `status` | Show SSH key status and host connectivity |
 | `keygen` | Generate key without distributing |
 
-**Options for `cf ssh setup` and `cf ssh keygen`:**
+**Options for `cf ssh setup`:**
+
+| Option | Description |
+|--------|-------------|
+| `--config, -c PATH` | Path to config file |
+| `--force, -f` | Regenerate key even if it exists |
+
+**Options for `cf ssh status`:**
+
+| Option | Description |
+|--------|-------------|
+| `--config, -c PATH` | Path to config file |
+
+**Options for `cf ssh keygen`:**
 
 | Option | Description |
 |--------|-------------|

docs/demos/cli/README.md

@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ VHS-based terminal demo recordings for Compose Farm CLI.
 
 ```bash
 # Record all demos
-./docs/demos/cli/record.sh
+python docs/demos/cli/record.py
 
-# Record single demo
-cd /opt/stacks && vhs docs/demos/cli/quickstart.tape
+# Record specific demos
+python docs/demos/cli/record.py quickstart migration
 ```
 
 ## Demos
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ cd /opt/stacks && vhs docs/demos/cli/quickstart.tape
 | `install.tape` | Installing with `uv tool install` |
 | `quickstart.tape` | `cf ps`, `cf up`, `cf logs` |
 | `logs.tape` | Viewing logs |
+| `compose.tape` | `cf compose` passthrough (--help, images, exec) |
 | `update.tape` | `cf update` |
 | `migration.tape` | Service migration |
 | `apply.tape` | `cf apply` |

docs/demos/cli/compose.tape

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# Compose Demo
+# Shows that cf compose passes through ANY docker compose command
+
+Output docs/assets/compose.gif
+Output docs/assets/compose.webm
+
+Set Shell "bash"
+Set FontSize 14
+Set Width 900
+Set Height 550
+Set Theme "Catppuccin Mocha"
+Set TypingSpeed 50ms
+
+Type "# cf compose runs ANY docker compose command on the right host"
+Enter
+Sleep 500ms
+
+Type "# See ALL available compose commands"
+Enter
+Sleep 500ms
+
+Type "cf compose immich --help"
+Enter
+Sleep 4s
+
+Type "# Show images"
+Enter
+Sleep 500ms
+
+Type "cf compose immich images"
+Enter
+Wait+Screen /immich/
+Sleep 2s
+
+Type "# Open shell in a container"
+Enter
+Sleep 500ms
+
+Type "cf compose immich exec immich-machine-learning sh"
+Enter
+Wait+Screen /#/
+Sleep 1s
+
+Type "python3 --version"
+Enter
+Sleep 1s
+
+Type "exit"
+Enter
+Sleep 500ms

docs/demos/cli/quickstart.tape

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Type "# First, define your hosts..."
 Enter
 Sleep 500ms
 
-Type "bat -r 1:11 compose-farm.yaml"
+Type "bat -r 1:16 compose-farm.yaml"
 Enter
 Sleep 3s
 Type "q"
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Type "# Then map each stack to a host"
 Enter
 Sleep 500ms
 
-Type "bat -r 13:30 compose-farm.yaml"
+Type "bat -r 17:35 compose-farm.yaml"
 Enter
 Sleep 3s
 Type "q"

docs/demos/cli/record.py

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Record CLI demos using VHS."""
+
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from rich.console import Console
+
+from compose_farm.config import load_config
+from compose_farm.state import load_state
+
+console = Console()
+SCRIPT_DIR = Path(__file__).parent
+STACKS_DIR = Path("/opt/stacks")
+CONFIG_FILE = STACKS_DIR / "compose-farm.yaml"
+OUTPUT_DIR = SCRIPT_DIR.parent.parent / "assets"
+
+DEMOS = ["install", "quickstart", "logs", "compose", "update", "migration", "apply"]
+
+
+def _run(cmd: list[str], **kw) -> bool:
+    return subprocess.run(cmd, check=False, **kw).returncode == 0
+
+
+def _set_config(host: str) -> None:
+    """Set audiobookshelf host in config file."""
+    _run(["sed", "-i", f"s/audiobookshelf: .*/audiobookshelf: {host}/", str(CONFIG_FILE)])
+
+
+def _get_hosts() -> tuple[str | None, str | None]:
+    """Return (config_host, state_host) for audiobookshelf."""
+    config = load_config()
+    state = load_state(config)
+    return config.stacks.get("audiobookshelf"), state.get("audiobookshelf")
+
+
+def _setup_state(demo: str) -> bool:
+    """Set up required state for demo. Returns False on failure."""
+    if demo not in ("migration", "apply"):
+        return True
+
+    config_host, state_host = _get_hosts()
+
+    if demo == "migration":
+        # Migration needs audiobookshelf on nas in BOTH config and state
+        if config_host != "nas":
+            console.print("[yellow]Setting up: config → nas[/yellow]")
+            _set_config("nas")
+        if state_host != "nas":
+            console.print("[yellow]Setting up: state → nas[/yellow]")
+            if not _run(["cf", "apply"], cwd=STACKS_DIR):
+                return False
+
+    elif demo == "apply":
+        # Apply needs config=nas, state=anton (so there's something to apply)
+        if config_host != "nas":
+            console.print("[yellow]Setting up: config → nas[/yellow]")
+            _set_config("nas")
+        if state_host == "nas":
+            console.print("[yellow]Setting up: state → anton[/yellow]")
+            _set_config("anton")
+            if not _run(["cf", "apply"], cwd=STACKS_DIR):
+                return False
+            _set_config("nas")
+
+    return True
+
+
+def _record(name: str, index: int, total: int) -> bool:
+    """Record a single demo."""
+    console.print(f"[cyan][{index}/{total}][/cyan] [green]Recording:[/green] {name}")
+    if _run(["vhs", str(SCRIPT_DIR / f"{name}.tape")], cwd=STACKS_DIR):
+        console.print("[green]  ✓ Done[/green]")
+        return True
+    console.print("[red]  ✗ Failed[/red]")
+    return False
+
+
+def _reset_after(demo: str, next_demo: str | None) -> None:
+    """Reset state after demos that modify audiobookshelf."""
+    if demo not in ("quickstart", "migration"):
+        return
+    _set_config("nas")
+    if next_demo != "apply":  # Let apply demo show the migration
+        _run(["cf", "apply"], cwd=STACKS_DIR)
+
+
+def _restore_config(original: str) -> None:
+    """Restore original config and sync state."""
+    console.print("[yellow]Restoring original config...[/yellow]")
+    CONFIG_FILE.write_text(original)
+    _run(["cf", "apply"], cwd=STACKS_DIR)
+
+
+def _main() -> int:
+    if not shutil.which("vhs"):
+        console.print("[red]VHS not found. Install: brew install vhs[/red]")
+        return 1
+
+    if not _run(["git", "-C", str(STACKS_DIR), "diff", "--quiet", "compose-farm.yaml"]):
+        console.print("[red]compose-farm.yaml has uncommitted changes[/red]")
+        return 1
+
+    demos = [d for d in sys.argv[1:] if d in DEMOS] or DEMOS
+    if sys.argv[1:] and not demos:
+        console.print(f"[red]Unknown demo. Available: {', '.join(DEMOS)}[/red]")
+        return 1
+
+    # Save original config to restore after recording
+    original_config = CONFIG_FILE.read_text()
+
+    try:
+        for i, demo in enumerate(demos, 1):
+            if not _setup_state(demo):
+                return 1
+            if not _record(demo, i, len(demos)):
+                return 1
+            _reset_after(demo, demos[i] if i < len(demos) else None)
+    finally:
+        _restore_config(original_config)
+
+    # Move outputs
+    OUTPUT_DIR.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+    for f in (STACKS_DIR / "docs/assets").glob("*.[gw]*"):
+        shutil.move(str(f), str(OUTPUT_DIR / f.name))
+
+    console.print(f"\n[green]Done![/green] Saved to {OUTPUT_DIR}")
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(_main())

docs/demos/cli/record.sh

@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-# Record all VHS demos
-# Run this on a Docker host with compose-farm configured
-
-set -euo pipefail
-
-SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
-DEMOS_DIR="$(dirname "$SCRIPT_DIR")"
-DOCS_DIR="$(dirname "$DEMOS_DIR")"
-REPO_DIR="$(dirname "$DOCS_DIR")"
-OUTPUT_DIR="$DOCS_DIR/assets"
-
-# Colors
-GREEN='\033[0;32m'
-BLUE='\033[0;34m'
-YELLOW='\033[0;33m'
-RED='\033[0;31m'
-NC='\033[0m' # No Color
-
-# Check for VHS
-if ! command -v vhs &> /dev/null; then
-    echo "VHS not found. Install with:"
-    echo "  brew install vhs"
-    echo "  # or"
-    echo "  go install github.com/charmbracelet/vhs@latest"
-    exit 1
-fi
-
-# Ensure output directory exists
-mkdir -p "$OUTPUT_DIR"
-
-# Temp output dir (VHS runs from /opt/stacks, so relative paths go here)
-TEMP_OUTPUT="/opt/stacks/docs/assets"
-mkdir -p "$TEMP_OUTPUT"
-
-# Change to /opt/stacks so cf commands use installed version (not editable install)
-cd /opt/stacks
-
-# Ensure compose-farm.yaml has no uncommitted changes (safety check)
-if ! git diff --quiet compose-farm.yaml; then
-    echo -e "${RED}Error: compose-farm.yaml has uncommitted changes${NC}"
-    echo "Commit or stash your changes before recording demos"
-    exit 1
-fi
-
-echo -e "${BLUE}Recording VHS demos...${NC}"
-echo "Output directory: $OUTPUT_DIR"
-echo ""
-
-# Function to record a tape
-record_tape() {
-    local tape=$1
-    local name=$(basename "$tape" .tape)
-    echo -e "${GREEN}Recording:${NC} $name"
-    if vhs "$tape"; then
-        echo -e "${GREEN}  ✓ Done${NC}"
-    else
-        echo -e "${RED}  ✗ Failed${NC}"
-        return 1
-    fi
-}
-
-# Record demos in logical order
-echo -e "${YELLOW}=== Phase 1: Basic demos ===${NC}"
-record_tape "$SCRIPT_DIR/install.tape"
-record_tape "$SCRIPT_DIR/quickstart.tape"
-record_tape "$SCRIPT_DIR/logs.tape"
-
-echo -e "${YELLOW}=== Phase 2: Update demo ===${NC}"
-record_tape "$SCRIPT_DIR/update.tape"
-
-echo -e "${YELLOW}=== Phase 3: Migration demo ===${NC}"
-record_tape "$SCRIPT_DIR/migration.tape"
-git -C /opt/stacks checkout compose-farm.yaml  # Reset after migration
-
-echo -e "${YELLOW}=== Phase 4: Apply demo ===${NC}"
-record_tape "$SCRIPT_DIR/apply.tape"
-
-# Move GIFs and WebMs from temp location to repo
-echo ""
-echo -e "${BLUE}Moving recordings to repo...${NC}"
-mv "$TEMP_OUTPUT"/*.gif "$OUTPUT_DIR/" 2>/dev/null || true
-mv "$TEMP_OUTPUT"/*.webm "$OUTPUT_DIR/" 2>/dev/null || true
-rmdir "$TEMP_OUTPUT" 2>/dev/null || true
-rmdir "$(dirname "$TEMP_OUTPUT")" 2>/dev/null || true
-
-echo ""
-echo -e "${GREEN}Done!${NC} Recordings saved to $OUTPUT_DIR/"
-ls -la "$OUTPUT_DIR"/*.gif "$OUTPUT_DIR"/*.webm 2>/dev/null || echo "No recordings found (check for errors above)"

docs/demos/web/demo_console.py

@@ -60,10 +60,14 @@ def test_demo_console(recording_page: Page, server_url: str) -> None:
     page.keyboard.press("Enter")
     pause(page, 2500)  # Wait for output
 
-    # Scroll down to show the Editor section with Compose Farm config
-    editor_section = page.locator(".collapse", has_text="Editor").first
-    editor_section.scroll_into_view_if_needed()
-    pause(page, 800)
+    # Smoothly scroll down to show the Editor section with Compose Farm config
+    page.evaluate("""
+        const editor = document.getElementById('console-editor');
+        if (editor) {
+            editor.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'center' });
+        }
+    """)
+    pause(page, 1200)  # Wait for smooth scroll animation
 
     # Wait for Monaco editor to load with config content
     page.wait_for_selector("#console-editor .monaco-editor", timeout=10000)

docs/demos/web/demo_shell.py

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-"""Demo: Container shell exec.
+"""Demo: Container shell exec via command palette.
 
-Records a ~25 second demo showing:
-- Navigating to a stack page
-- Clicking Shell button on a container
-- Running top command inside the container
+Records a ~35 second demo showing:
+- Navigating to immich stack (multiple containers)
+- Using command palette with fuzzy matching ("sh mach") to open shell
+- Running a command
+- Using command palette to switch to server container shell
+- Running another command
 
 Run: pytest docs/demos/web/demo_shell.py -v --no-cov
 """
@@ -14,6 +16,7 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 import pytest
 from conftest import (
+    open_command_palette,
     pause,
     slow_type,
     wait_for_sidebar,
@@ -33,39 +36,71 @@ def test_demo_shell(recording_page: Page, server_url: str) -> None:
     wait_for_sidebar(page)
     pause(page, 800)
 
-    # Navigate to a stack with a running container (grocy)
-    page.locator("#sidebar-stacks a", has_text="grocy").click()
-    page.wait_for_url("**/stack/grocy", timeout=5000)
+    # Navigate to immich via command palette (has multiple containers)
+    open_command_palette(page)
+    pause(page, 400)
+    slow_type(page, "#cmd-input", "immich", delay=100)
+    pause(page, 600)
+    page.keyboard.press("Enter")
+    page.wait_for_url("**/stack/immich", timeout=5000)
     pause(page, 1500)
 
-    # Wait for containers list to load (loaded via HTMX)
+    # Wait for containers list to load (so shell commands are available)
     page.wait_for_selector("#containers-list button", timeout=10000)
     pause(page, 800)
 
-    # Click Shell button on the first container
-    shell_btn = page.locator("#containers-list button", has_text="Shell").first
-    shell_btn.click()
+    # Use command palette with fuzzy matching: "sh mach" -> "Shell: immich-machine-learning"
+    open_command_palette(page)
+    pause(page, 400)
+    slow_type(page, "#cmd-input", "sh mach", delay=100)
+    pause(page, 600)
+    page.keyboard.press("Enter")
     pause(page, 1000)
 
     # Wait for exec terminal to appear
     page.wait_for_selector("#exec-terminal .xterm", timeout=10000)
 
-    # Scroll down to make the terminal visible
-    page.locator("#exec-terminal").scroll_into_view_if_needed()
-    pause(page, 2000)
+    # Smoothly scroll down to make the terminal visible
+    page.evaluate("""
+        const terminal = document.getElementById('exec-terminal');
+        if (terminal) {
+            terminal.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'center' });
+        }
+    """)
+    pause(page, 1200)
 
-    # Run top command
-    slow_type(page, "#exec-terminal .xterm-helper-textarea", "top", delay=100)
+    # Run python version command
+    slow_type(page, "#exec-terminal .xterm-helper-textarea", "python3 --version", delay=60)
     pause(page, 300)
     page.keyboard.press("Enter")
-    pause(page, 4000)  # Let top run for a bit
+    pause(page, 1500)
 
-    # Press q to quit top
-    page.keyboard.press("q")
+    # Blur the terminal to release focus (won't scroll)
+    page.evaluate("document.activeElement?.blur()")
+    pause(page, 500)
+
+    # Use command palette to switch to server container: "sh serv" -> "Shell: immich-server"
+    open_command_palette(page)
+    pause(page, 400)
+    slow_type(page, "#cmd-input", "sh serv", delay=100)
+    pause(page, 600)
+    page.keyboard.press("Enter")
     pause(page, 1000)
 
-    # Run another command to show it's interactive
-    slow_type(page, "#exec-terminal .xterm-helper-textarea", "ps aux | head", delay=60)
+    # Wait for new terminal
+    page.wait_for_selector("#exec-terminal .xterm", timeout=10000)
+
+    # Scroll to terminal
+    page.evaluate("""
+        const terminal = document.getElementById('exec-terminal');
+        if (terminal) {
+            terminal.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'center' });
+        }
+    """)
+    pause(page, 1200)
+
+    # Run ls command
+    slow_type(page, "#exec-terminal .xterm-helper-textarea", "ls /usr/src/app", delay=60)
     pause(page, 300)
     page.keyboard.press("Enter")
     pause(page, 2000)

docs/demos/web/demo_stack.py

@@ -55,9 +55,14 @@ def test_demo_stack(recording_page: Page, server_url: str) -> None:
     page.wait_for_selector("#compose-editor .monaco-editor", timeout=10000)
     pause(page, 2000)  # Let viewer see the compose file
 
-    # Scroll down slightly to show more of the editor
-    page.locator("#compose-editor").scroll_into_view_if_needed()
-    pause(page, 1500)
+    # Smoothly scroll down to show more of the editor
+    page.evaluate("""
+        const editor = document.getElementById('compose-editor');
+        if (editor) {
+            editor.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'center' });
+        }
+    """)
+    pause(page, 1200)  # Wait for smooth scroll animation
 
     # Close the compose file section
     compose_collapse.locator("input[type=checkbox]").click(force=True)

docs/demos/web/demo_workflow.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Records a comprehensive demo (~60 seconds) combining all major features:
 2. Editor showing Compose Farm YAML config
 3. Command palette navigation to grocy stack
 4. Stack actions: up, logs
-5. Switch to mealie stack via command palette, run update
+5. Switch to dozzle stack via command palette, run update
 6. Dashboard overview
 7. Theme cycling via command palette
 
@@ -126,13 +126,13 @@ def _demo_stack_actions(page: Page) -> None:
     page.wait_for_selector("#terminal-output .xterm", timeout=5000)
     pause(page, 2500)
 
-    # Switch to mealie via command palette
+    # Switch to dozzle via command palette (on nas for lower latency)
     open_command_palette(page)
     pause(page, 300)
-    slow_type(page, "#cmd-input", "mealie", delay=100)
+    slow_type(page, "#cmd-input", "dozzle", delay=100)
     pause(page, 400)
     page.keyboard.press("Enter")
-    page.wait_for_url("**/stack/mealie", timeout=5000)
+    page.wait_for_url("**/stack/dozzle", timeout=5000)
     pause(page, 1000)
 
     # Run update action
@@ -162,32 +162,20 @@ def _demo_dashboard_and_themes(page: Page, server_url: str) -> None:
     page.evaluate("window.scrollTo(0, 0)")
     pause(page, 600)
 
-    # Open theme picker and arrow down to Luxury (shows live preview)
-    # Theme order: light, dark, cupcake, bumblebee, emerald, corporate, synthwave,
-    # retro, cyberpunk, valentine, halloween, garden, forest, aqua, lofi, pastel,
-    # fantasy, wireframe, black, luxury (index 19)
+    # Open theme picker and arrow down to Dracula (shows live preview)
     page.locator("#theme-btn").click()
     page.wait_for_selector("#cmd-palette[open]", timeout=2000)
     pause(page, 400)
 
-    # Arrow down through themes with live preview until we reach Luxury
+    # Arrow down through themes with live preview until we reach Dracula
     for _ in range(19):
         page.keyboard.press("ArrowDown")
         pause(page, 180)
 
-    # Select Luxury theme
+    # Select Dracula theme and end on it
     pause(page, 400)
     page.keyboard.press("Enter")
-    pause(page, 1000)
-
-    # Return to dark theme
-    page.locator("#theme-btn").click()
-    page.wait_for_selector("#cmd-palette[open]", timeout=2000)
-    pause(page, 300)
-    slow_type(page, "#cmd-input", " dark", delay=80)
-    pause(page, 400)
-    page.keyboard.press("Enter")
-    pause(page, 1000)
+    pause(page, 1500)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.browser  # type: ignore[misc]

docs/demos/web/record.py

@@ -88,9 +88,9 @@ def patch_playwright_video_quality() -> None:
     console.print("[green]Patched Playwright for high-quality video recording[/green]")
 
 
-def record_demo(name: str) -> Path | None:
+def record_demo(name: str, index: int, total: int) -> Path | None:
     """Run a single demo and return the video path."""
-    console.print(f"[green]Recording:[/green] web-{name}")
+    console.print(f"[cyan][{index}/{total}][/cyan] [green]Recording:[/green] web-{name}")
 
     demo_file = SCRIPT_DIR / f"demo_{name}.py"
     if not demo_file.exists():
@@ -227,9 +227,7 @@ def main() -> int:
 
     try:
         for i, demo in enumerate(demos_to_record, 1):
-            console.print(f"[yellow]=== Demo {i}/{len(demos_to_record)}: {demo} ===[/yellow]")
-
-            video_path = record_demo(demo)
+            video_path = record_demo(demo, i, len(demos_to_record))
             if video_path:
                 webm, gif = move_recording(video_path, demo)
                 results[demo] = (webm, gif)

docs/getting-started.md

@@ -54,6 +54,25 @@ docker run --rm \
   ghcr.io/basnijholt/compose-farm up --all
 ```
 
+**Running as non-root user** (recommended for NFS mounts):
+
+By default, containers run as root. To preserve file ownership on mounted volumes, set these environment variables in your `.env` file:
+
+```bash
+# Add to .env file (one-time setup)
+echo "CF_UID=$(id -u)" >> .env
+echo "CF_GID=$(id -g)" >> .env
+echo "CF_HOME=$HOME" >> .env
+echo "CF_USER=$USER" >> .env
+```
+
+Or use [direnv](https://direnv.net/) to auto-set these variables when entering the directory:
+```bash
+cp .envrc.example .envrc && direnv allow
+```
+
+This ensures files like `compose-farm-state.yaml` and web UI edits are owned by your user instead of root. The `CF_USER` variable is required for SSH to work when running as a non-root user.
+
 ### Verify Installation
 
 ```bash

docs/web-ui.md

@@ -63,6 +63,8 @@ Press `Ctrl+K` (or `Cmd+K` on macOS) to open the command palette. Use fuzzy sear
 - Container shell access (exec into running containers)
 - Terminal output for running commands
 
+Files are automatically backed up before saving to `~/.config/compose-farm/backups/`.
+
 ### Console (`/console`)
 
 - Full shell access to any host

justfile

@@ -45,6 +45,14 @@ doc:
 kill-doc:
     lsof -ti :9002 | xargs kill -9 2>/dev/null || true
 
+# Record CLI demos (all or specific: just record-cli quickstart)
+record-cli *demos:
+    python docs/demos/cli/record.py {{demos}}
+
+# Record web UI demos (all or specific: just record-web navigation)
+record-web *demos:
+    python docs/demos/web/record.py {{demos}}
+
 # Clean up build artifacts and caches
 clean:
     rm -rf .pytest_cache .mypy_cache .ruff_cache .coverage htmlcov dist build

src/compose_farm/cli/lifecycle.py

@@ -3,10 +3,13 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Annotated
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Annotated
 
 import typer
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from compose_farm.config import Config
+
 from compose_farm.cli.app import app
 from compose_farm.cli.common import (
     AllOption,
@@ -23,9 +26,14 @@ from compose_farm.cli.common import (
     validate_host_for_stack,
     validate_stacks,
 )
+from compose_farm.cli.management import _discover_stacks_full
 from compose_farm.console import MSG_DRY_RUN, console, print_error, print_success
 from compose_farm.executor import run_compose_on_host, run_on_stacks, run_sequential_on_stacks
-from compose_farm.operations import stop_orphaned_stacks, up_stacks
+from compose_farm.operations import (
+    stop_orphaned_stacks,
+    stop_stray_stacks,
+    up_stacks,
+)
 from compose_farm.state import (
     get_orphaned_stacks,
     get_stack_host,
@@ -140,7 +148,7 @@ def pull(
     if service and len(stack_list) != 1:
         print_error("--service requires exactly one stack")
         raise typer.Exit(1)
-    cmd = f"pull {service}" if service else "pull"
+    cmd = f"pull --ignore-buildable {service}" if service else "pull --ignore-buildable"
     raw = len(stack_list) == 1
     results = run_async(run_on_stacks(cfg, stack_list, cmd, raw=raw))
     report_results(results)
@@ -208,8 +216,23 @@ def update(
     report_results(results)
 
 
+def _discover_strays(cfg: Config) -> dict[str, list[str]]:
+    """Discover stacks running on unauthorized hosts by scanning all hosts."""
+    _, strays, duplicates = _discover_stacks_full(cfg)
+
+    # Merge duplicates into strays (for single-host stacks on multiple hosts,
+    # keep correct host and stop others)
+    for stack, running_hosts in duplicates.items():
+        configured = cfg.get_hosts(stack)[0]
+        stray_hosts = [h for h in running_hosts if h != configured]
+        if stray_hosts:
+            strays[stack] = stray_hosts
+
+    return strays
+
+
 @app.command(rich_help_panel="Lifecycle")
-def apply(  # noqa: PLR0912 (multi-phase reconciliation needs these branches)
+def apply(  # noqa: C901, PLR0912, PLR0915 (multi-phase reconciliation needs these branches)
     dry_run: Annotated[
         bool,
         typer.Option("--dry-run", "-n", help="Show what would change without executing"),
@@ -218,23 +241,29 @@ def apply(  # noqa: PLR0912 (multi-phase reconciliation needs these branches)
         bool,
         typer.Option("--no-orphans", help="Only migrate, don't stop orphaned stacks"),
     ] = False,
+    no_strays: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        typer.Option("--no-strays", help="Don't stop stray stacks (running on wrong host)"),
+    ] = False,
     full: Annotated[
         bool,
         typer.Option("--full", "-f", help="Also run up on all stacks to apply config changes"),
     ] = False,
     config: ConfigOption = None,
 ) -> None:
-    """Make reality match config (start, migrate, stop as needed).
+    """Make reality match config (start, migrate, stop strays/orphans as needed).
 
     This is the "reconcile" command that ensures running stacks match your
     config file. It will:
 
     1. Stop orphaned stacks (in state but removed from config)
-    2. Migrate stacks on wrong host (host in state ≠ host in config)
-    3. Start missing stacks (in config but not in state)
+    2. Stop stray stacks (running on unauthorized hosts)
+    3. Migrate stacks on wrong host (host in state ≠ host in config)
+    4. Start missing stacks (in config but not in state)
 
     Use --dry-run to preview changes before applying.
-    Use --no-orphans to only migrate/start without stopping orphaned stacks.
+    Use --no-orphans to skip stopping orphaned stacks.
+    Use --no-strays to skip stopping stray stacks.
     Use --full to also run 'up' on all stacks (picks up compose/env changes).
     """
     cfg = load_config_or_exit(config)
@@ -242,16 +271,28 @@ def apply(  # noqa: PLR0912 (multi-phase reconciliation needs these branches)
     migrations = get_stacks_needing_migration(cfg)
     missing = get_stacks_not_in_state(cfg)
 
+    strays: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
+    if not no_strays:
+        console.print("[dim]Scanning hosts for stray containers...[/]")
+        strays = _discover_strays(cfg)
+
     # For --full: refresh all stacks not already being started/migrated
     handled = set(migrations) | set(missing)
     to_refresh = [stack for stack in cfg.stacks if stack not in handled] if full else []
 
     has_orphans = bool(orphaned) and not no_orphans
+    has_strays = bool(strays)
     has_migrations = bool(migrations)
     has_missing = bool(missing)
     has_refresh = bool(to_refresh)
 
-    if not has_orphans and not has_migrations and not has_missing and not has_refresh:
+    if (
+        not has_orphans
+        and not has_strays
+        and not has_migrations
+        and not has_missing
+        and not has_refresh
+    ):
         print_success("Nothing to apply - reality matches config")
         return
 
@@ -260,6 +301,14 @@ def apply(  # noqa: PLR0912 (multi-phase reconciliation needs these branches)
         console.print(f"[yellow]Orphaned stacks to stop ({len(orphaned)}):[/]")
         for svc, hosts in orphaned.items():
             console.print(f"  [cyan]{svc}[/] on [magenta]{format_host(hosts)}[/]")
+    if has_strays:
+        console.print(f"[red]Stray stacks to stop ({len(strays)}):[/]")
+        for stack, hosts in strays.items():
+            configured = cfg.get_hosts(stack)
+            console.print(
+                f"  [cyan]{stack}[/] on [magenta]{', '.join(hosts)}[/] "
+                f"[dim](should be on {', '.join(configured)})[/]"
+            )
     if has_migrations:
         console.print(f"[cyan]Stacks to migrate ({len(migrations)}):[/]")
         for stack in migrations:
@@ -288,21 +337,26 @@ def apply(  # noqa: PLR0912 (multi-phase reconciliation needs these branches)
         console.print("[yellow]Stopping orphaned stacks...[/]")
         all_results.extend(run_async(stop_orphaned_stacks(cfg)))
 
-    # 2. Migrate stacks on wrong host
+    # 2. Stop stray stacks (running on unauthorized hosts)
+    if has_strays:
+        console.print("[red]Stopping stray stacks...[/]")
+        all_results.extend(run_async(stop_stray_stacks(cfg, strays)))
+
+    # 3. Migrate stacks on wrong host
     if has_migrations:
         console.print("[cyan]Migrating stacks...[/]")
         migrate_results = run_async(up_stacks(cfg, migrations, raw=True))
         all_results.extend(migrate_results)
         maybe_regenerate_traefik(cfg, migrate_results)
 
-    # 3. Start missing stacks (reuse up_stacks which handles state updates)
+    # 4. Start missing stacks (reuse up_stacks which handles state updates)
     if has_missing:
         console.print("[green]Starting missing stacks...[/]")
         start_results = run_async(up_stacks(cfg, missing, raw=True))
         all_results.extend(start_results)
         maybe_regenerate_traefik(cfg, start_results)
 
-    # 4. Refresh remaining stacks (--full: run up to apply config changes)
+    # 5. Refresh remaining stacks (--full: run up to apply config changes)
     if has_refresh:
         console.print("[blue]Refreshing stacks...[/]")
         refresh_results = run_async(up_stacks(cfg, to_refresh, raw=True))

src/compose_farm/cli/management.py

@@ -37,22 +37,23 @@ from compose_farm.console import (
 )
 from compose_farm.executor import (
     CommandResult,
+    get_running_stacks_on_host,
     is_local,
     run_command,
 )
 from compose_farm.logs import (
     DEFAULT_LOG_PATH,
     SnapshotEntry,
-    collect_stack_entries,
+    collect_stacks_entries_on_host,
     isoformat,
     load_existing_entries,
     merge_entries,
     write_toml,
 )
 from compose_farm.operations import (
+    build_discovery_results,
     check_host_compatibility,
     check_stack_requirements,
-    discover_stack_host,
 )
 from compose_farm.state import get_orphaned_stacks, load_state, save_state
 from compose_farm.traefik import generate_traefik_config, render_traefik_config
@@ -60,38 +61,39 @@ from compose_farm.traefik import generate_traefik_config, render_traefik_config
 # --- Sync helpers ---
 
 
-def _discover_stacks(cfg: Config, stacks: list[str] | None = None) -> dict[str, str | list[str]]:
-    """Discover running stacks with a progress bar."""
-    stack_list = stacks if stacks is not None else list(cfg.stacks)
-    results = run_parallel_with_progress(
-        "Discovering",
-        stack_list,
-        lambda s: discover_stack_host(cfg, s),
-    )
-    return {svc: host for svc, host in results if host is not None}
-
-
 def _snapshot_stacks(
     cfg: Config,
-    stacks: list[str],
+    discovered: dict[str, str | list[str]],
     log_path: Path | None,
 ) -> Path:
-    """Capture image digests with a progress bar."""
+    """Capture image digests using batched SSH calls (1 per host).
+
+    Args:
+        cfg: Configuration
+        discovered: Dict mapping stack -> host(s) where it's running
+        log_path: Optional path to write the log file
+
+    Returns:
+        Path to the written log file.
+
+    """
     effective_log_path = log_path or DEFAULT_LOG_PATH
     now_dt = datetime.now(UTC)
     now_iso = isoformat(now_dt)
 
-    async def collect_stack(stack: str) -> tuple[str, list[SnapshotEntry]]:
-        try:
-            return stack, await collect_stack_entries(cfg, stack, now=now_dt)
-        except RuntimeError:
-            return stack, []
+    # Group stacks by host for batched SSH calls
+    stacks_by_host: dict[str, set[str]] = {}
+    for stack, hosts in discovered.items():
+        # Use first host for multi-host stacks (they use the same images)
+        host = hosts[0] if isinstance(hosts, list) else hosts
+        stacks_by_host.setdefault(host, set()).add(stack)
 
-    results = run_parallel_with_progress(
-        "Capturing",
-        stacks,
-        collect_stack,
-    )
+    # Collect entries with 1 SSH call per host (with progress bar)
+    async def collect_on_host(host: str) -> tuple[str, list[SnapshotEntry]]:
+        entries = await collect_stacks_entries_on_host(cfg, host, stacks_by_host[host], now=now_dt)
+        return host, entries
+
+    results = run_parallel_with_progress("Capturing", list(stacks_by_host.keys()), collect_on_host)
     snapshot_entries = [entry for _, entries in results for entry in entries]
 
     if not snapshot_entries:
@@ -147,6 +149,61 @@ def _report_sync_changes(
             console.print(f"  [red]-[/] [cyan]{stack}[/] (was on [magenta]{host_str}[/])")
 
 
+def _discover_stacks_full(
+    cfg: Config,
+    stacks: list[str] | None = None,
+) -> tuple[dict[str, str | list[str]], dict[str, list[str]], dict[str, list[str]]]:
+    """Discover running stacks with full host scanning for stray detection.
+
+    Queries each host once for all running stacks (with progress bar),
+    then delegates to build_discovery_results for categorization.
+    """
+    all_hosts = list(cfg.hosts.keys())
+
+    # Query each host for running stacks (with progress bar)
+    async def get_stacks_on_host(host: str) -> tuple[str, set[str]]:
+        running = await get_running_stacks_on_host(cfg, host)
+        return host, running
+
+    host_results = run_parallel_with_progress("Discovering", all_hosts, get_stacks_on_host)
+    running_on_host: dict[str, set[str]] = dict(host_results)
+
+    return build_discovery_results(cfg, running_on_host, stacks)
+
+
+def _report_stray_stacks(
+    strays: dict[str, list[str]],
+    cfg: Config,
+) -> None:
+    """Report stacks running on unauthorized hosts."""
+    if strays:
+        console.print(f"\n[red]Stray stacks[/] (running on wrong host, {len(strays)}):")
+        console.print("[dim]Run [bold]cf apply[/bold] to stop them.[/]")
+        for stack in sorted(strays):
+            stray_hosts = strays[stack]
+            configured = cfg.get_hosts(stack)
+            console.print(
+                f"  [red]![/] [cyan]{stack}[/] on [magenta]{', '.join(stray_hosts)}[/] "
+                f"[dim](should be on {', '.join(configured)})[/]"
+            )
+
+
+def _report_duplicate_stacks(duplicates: dict[str, list[str]], cfg: Config) -> None:
+    """Report single-host stacks running on multiple hosts."""
+    if duplicates:
+        console.print(
+            f"\n[yellow]Duplicate stacks[/] (running on multiple hosts, {len(duplicates)}):"
+        )
+        console.print("[dim]Run [bold]cf apply[/bold] to stop extras.[/]")
+        for stack in sorted(duplicates):
+            hosts = duplicates[stack]
+            configured = cfg.get_hosts(stack)[0]
+            console.print(
+                f"  [yellow]![/] [cyan]{stack}[/] on [magenta]{', '.join(hosts)}[/] "
+                f"[dim](should only be on {configured})[/]"
+            )
+
+
 # --- Check helpers ---
 
 
@@ -440,7 +497,7 @@ def refresh(
 
     current_state = load_state(cfg)
 
-    discovered = _discover_stacks(cfg, stack_list)
+    discovered, strays, duplicates = _discover_stacks_full(cfg, stack_list)
 
     # Calculate changes (only for the stacks we're refreshing)
     added = [s for s in discovered if s not in current_state]
@@ -463,6 +520,9 @@ def refresh(
     else:
         print_success("State is already in sync.")
 
+    _report_stray_stacks(strays, cfg)
+    _report_duplicate_stacks(duplicates, cfg)
+
     if dry_run:
         console.print(f"\n{MSG_DRY_RUN}")
         return
@@ -475,10 +535,10 @@ def refresh(
         save_state(cfg, new_state)
         print_success(f"State updated: {len(new_state)} stacks tracked.")
 
-    # Capture image digests for running stacks
+    # Capture image digests for running stacks (1 SSH call per host)
     if discovered:
         try:
-            path = _snapshot_stacks(cfg, list(discovered.keys()), log_path)
+            path = _snapshot_stacks(cfg, discovered, log_path)
             print_success(f"Digests written to {path}")
         except RuntimeError as exc:
             print_warning(str(exc))

src/compose_farm/compose.py

@@ -336,3 +336,18 @@ def get_ports_for_service(
             if isinstance(ref_def, dict):
                 return _parse_ports(ref_def.get("ports"), env)
     return _parse_ports(definition.get("ports"), env)
+
+
+def get_container_name(
+    service_name: str,
+    service_def: dict[str, Any] | None,
+    project_name: str,
+) -> str:
+    """Get the container name for a service.
+
+    Uses container_name from compose if set, otherwise defaults to {project}-{service}-1.
+    This matches Docker Compose's default naming convention.
+    """
+    if isinstance(service_def, dict) and service_def.get("container_name"):
+        return str(service_def["container_name"])
+    return f"{project_name}-{service_name}-1"

src/compose_farm/executor.py

@@ -497,6 +497,28 @@ async def check_stack_running(
     return result.success and bool(result.stdout.strip())
 
 
+async def get_running_stacks_on_host(
+    config: Config,
+    host_name: str,
+) -> set[str]:
+    """Get all running compose stacks on a host in a single SSH call.
+
+    Uses docker ps with the compose.project label to identify running stacks.
+    Much more efficient than checking each stack individually.
+    """
+    host = config.hosts[host_name]
+
+    # Get unique project names from running containers
+    command = "docker ps --format '{{.Label \"com.docker.compose.project\"}}' | sort -u"
+    result = await run_command(host, command, stack=host_name, stream=False, prefix="")
+
+    if not result.success:
+        return set()
+
+    # Filter out empty lines and return as set
+    return {line.strip() for line in result.stdout.splitlines() if line.strip()}
+
+
 async def _batch_check_existence(
     config: Config,
     host_name: str,

src/compose_farm/logs.py

@@ -6,21 +6,22 @@ import json
 import tomllib
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from datetime import UTC, datetime
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
-from .executor import run_compose
+from .executor import run_command
 from .paths import xdg_config_home
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Iterable
+    from collections.abc import Iterable
     from pathlib import Path
 
     from .config import Config
-    from .executor import CommandResult
+
+# Separator used to split output sections
+_SECTION_SEPARATOR = "---CF-SEP---"
 
 
 DEFAULT_LOG_PATH = xdg_config_home() / "compose-farm" / "dockerfarm-log.toml"
-_DIGEST_HEX_LENGTH = 64
 
 
 @dataclass(frozen=True)
@@ -56,87 +57,97 @@ def _escape(value: str) -> str:
     return value.replace("\\", "\\\\").replace('"', '\\"')
 
 
-def _parse_images_output(raw: str) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
-    """Parse `docker compose images --format json` output.
-
-    Handles both a JSON array and newline-separated JSON objects for robustness.
-    """
-    raw = raw.strip()
-    if not raw:
-        return []
-
+def _parse_image_digests(image_json: str) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """Parse docker image inspect JSON to build image tag -> digest map."""
+    if not image_json:
+        return {}
     try:
-        parsed = json.loads(raw)
+        image_data = json.loads(image_json)
     except json.JSONDecodeError:
-        objects = []
-        for line in raw.splitlines():
-            if not line.strip():
-                continue
-            objects.append(json.loads(line))
-        return objects
+        return {}
 
-    if isinstance(parsed, list):
-        return parsed
-    if isinstance(parsed, dict):
-        return [parsed]
-    return []
+    image_digests: dict[str, str] = {}
+    for img in image_data:
+        tags = img.get("RepoTags") or []
+        digests = img.get("RepoDigests") or []
+        digest = digests[0].split("@")[-1] if digests else img.get("Id", "")
+        for tag in tags:
+            image_digests[tag] = digest
+        if img.get("Id"):
+            image_digests[img["Id"]] = digest
+    return image_digests
 
 
-def _extract_image_fields(record: dict[str, Any]) -> tuple[str, str]:
-    """Extract image name and digest with fallbacks."""
-    image = record.get("Image") or record.get("Repository") or record.get("Name") or ""
-    tag = record.get("Tag") or record.get("Version")
-    if tag and ":" not in image.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]:
-        image = f"{image}:{tag}"
-
-    digest = (
-        record.get("Digest")
-        or record.get("Image ID")
-        or record.get("ImageID")
-        or record.get("ID")
-        or ""
-    )
-
-    if digest and not digest.startswith("sha256:") and len(digest) == _DIGEST_HEX_LENGTH:
-        digest = f"sha256:{digest}"
-
-    return image, digest
-
-
-async def collect_stack_entries(
+async def collect_stacks_entries_on_host(
     config: Config,
-    stack: str,
+    host_name: str,
+    stacks: set[str],
     *,
     now: datetime,
-    run_compose_fn: Callable[..., Awaitable[CommandResult]] = run_compose,
 ) -> list[SnapshotEntry]:
-    """Run `docker compose images` for a stack and normalize results."""
-    result = await run_compose_fn(config, stack, "images --format json", stream=False)
+    """Collect image entries for stacks on one host using 2 docker commands.
+
+    Uses `docker ps` to get running containers + their compose project labels,
+    then `docker image inspect` to get digests for all unique images.
+    Much faster than running N `docker compose images` commands.
+    """
+    if not stacks:
+        return []
+
+    host = config.hosts[host_name]
+
+    # Single SSH call with 2 docker commands:
+    # 1. Get project|image pairs from running containers
+    # 2. Get image info (including digests) for all unique images
+    command = (
+        f"docker ps --format '{{{{.Label \"com.docker.compose.project\"}}}}|{{{{.Image}}}}' && "
+        f"echo '{_SECTION_SEPARATOR}' && "
+        "docker image inspect $(docker ps --format '{{.Image}}' | sort -u) 2>/dev/null || true"
+    )
+    result = await run_command(host, command, host_name, stream=False, prefix="")
+
     if not result.success:
-        msg = result.stderr or f"compose images exited with {result.exit_code}"
-        error = f"[{stack}] Unable to read images: {msg}"
-        raise RuntimeError(error)
+        return []
 
-    records = _parse_images_output(result.stdout)
-    # Use first host for snapshots (multi-host stacks use same images on all hosts)
-    host_name = config.get_hosts(stack)[0]
-    compose_path = config.get_compose_path(stack)
+    # Split output into two sections
+    parts = result.stdout.split(_SECTION_SEPARATOR)
+    if len(parts) != 2:  # noqa: PLR2004
+        return []
 
-    entries: list[SnapshotEntry] = []
-    for record in records:
-        image, digest = _extract_image_fields(record)
-        if not digest:
+    container_lines, image_json = parts[0].strip(), parts[1].strip()
+
+    # Parse project|image pairs, filtering to only stacks we care about
+    stack_images: dict[str, set[str]] = {}
+    for line in container_lines.splitlines():
+        if "|" not in line:
             continue
-        entries.append(
-            SnapshotEntry(
-                stack=stack,
-                host=host_name,
-                compose_file=compose_path,
-                image=image,
-                digest=digest,
-                captured_at=now,
-            )
-        )
+        project, image = line.split("|", 1)
+        if project in stacks:
+            stack_images.setdefault(project, set()).add(image)
+
+    if not stack_images:
+        return []
+
+    # Parse image inspect JSON to build image -> digest map
+    image_digests = _parse_image_digests(image_json)
+
+    # Build entries
+    entries: list[SnapshotEntry] = []
+    for stack, images in stack_images.items():
+        for image in images:
+            digest = image_digests.get(image, "")
+            if digest:
+                entries.append(
+                    SnapshotEntry(
+                        stack=stack,
+                        host=host_name,
+                        compose_file=config.get_compose_path(stack),
+                        image=image,
+                        digest=digest,
+                        captured_at=now,
+                    )
+                )
+
     return entries
 
 

src/compose_farm/operations.py

@@ -76,29 +76,37 @@ def get_stack_paths(cfg: Config, stack: str) -> list[str]:
     return paths
 
 
-async def discover_stack_host(cfg: Config, stack: str) -> tuple[str, str | list[str] | None]:
-    """Discover where a stack is running.
+class StackDiscoveryResult(NamedTuple):
+    """Result of discovering where a stack is running across all hosts."""
 
-    For multi-host stacks, checks all assigned hosts in parallel.
-    For single-host, checks assigned host first, then others.
+    stack: str
+    configured_hosts: list[str]  # From config (where it SHOULD run)
+    running_hosts: list[str]  # From reality (where it IS running)
 
-    Returns (stack_name, host_or_hosts_or_none).
-    """
-    assigned_hosts = cfg.get_hosts(stack)
+    @property
+    def is_multi_host(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if this is a multi-host stack."""
+        return len(self.configured_hosts) > 1
 
-    if cfg.is_multi_host(stack):
-        # Check all assigned hosts in parallel
-        checks = await asyncio.gather(*[check_stack_running(cfg, stack, h) for h in assigned_hosts])
-        running = [h for h, is_running in zip(assigned_hosts, checks, strict=True) if is_running]
-        return stack, running if running else None
+    @property
+    def stray_hosts(self) -> list[str]:
+        """Hosts where stack is running but shouldn't be."""
+        return [h for h in self.running_hosts if h not in self.configured_hosts]
 
-    # Single-host: check assigned host first, then others
-    if await check_stack_running(cfg, stack, assigned_hosts[0]):
-        return stack, assigned_hosts[0]
-    for host in cfg.hosts:
-        if host != assigned_hosts[0] and await check_stack_running(cfg, stack, host):
-            return stack, host
-    return stack, None
+    @property
+    def missing_hosts(self) -> list[str]:
+        """Hosts where stack should be running but isn't."""
+        return [h for h in self.configured_hosts if h not in self.running_hosts]
+
+    @property
+    def is_stray(self) -> bool:
+        """Stack is running on unauthorized host(s)."""
+        return len(self.stray_hosts) > 0
+
+    @property
+    def is_duplicate(self) -> bool:
+        """Single-host stack running on multiple hosts."""
+        return not self.is_multi_host and len(self.running_hosts) > 1
 
 
 async def check_stack_requirements(
@@ -359,26 +367,33 @@ async def check_host_compatibility(
     return results
 
 
-async def stop_orphaned_stacks(cfg: Config) -> list[CommandResult]:
-    """Stop orphaned stacks (in state but not in config).
+async def _stop_stacks_on_hosts(
+    cfg: Config,
+    stacks_to_hosts: dict[str, list[str]],
+    label: str = "",
+) -> list[CommandResult]:
+    """Stop stacks on specific hosts.
 
-    Runs docker compose down on each stack on its tracked host(s).
-    Only removes from state on successful stop.
+    Shared helper for stop_orphaned_stacks and stop_stray_stacks.
+
+    Args:
+        cfg: Config object.
+        stacks_to_hosts: Dict mapping stack name to list of hosts to stop on.
+        label: Optional label for success message (e.g., "stray", "orphaned").
+
+    Returns:
+        List of CommandResults for each stack@host.
 
-    Returns list of CommandResults for each stack@host.
     """
-    orphaned = get_orphaned_stacks(cfg)
-    if not orphaned:
+    if not stacks_to_hosts:
         return []
 
     results: list[CommandResult] = []
     tasks: list[tuple[str, str, asyncio.Task[CommandResult]]] = []
+    suffix = f" ({label})" if label else ""
 
-    # Build list of (stack, host, task) for all orphaned stacks
-    for stack, hosts in orphaned.items():
-        host_list = hosts if isinstance(hosts, list) else [hosts]
-        for host in host_list:
-            # Skip hosts no longer in config
+    for stack, hosts in stacks_to_hosts.items():
+        for host in hosts:
             if host not in cfg.hosts:
                 print_warning(f"{stack}@{host}: host no longer in config, skipping")
                 results.append(
@@ -393,30 +408,48 @@ async def stop_orphaned_stacks(cfg: Config) -> list[CommandResult]:
             coro = run_compose_on_host(cfg, stack, host, "down")
             tasks.append((stack, host, asyncio.create_task(coro)))
 
-    # Run all down commands in parallel
-    if tasks:
-        for stack, host, task in tasks:
-            try:
-                result = await task
-                results.append(result)
-                if result.success:
-                    print_success(f"{stack}@{host}: stopped")
-                else:
-                    print_error(f"{stack}@{host}: {result.stderr or 'failed'}")
-            except Exception as e:
-                print_error(f"{stack}@{host}: {e}")
-                results.append(
-                    CommandResult(
-                        stack=f"{stack}@{host}",
-                        exit_code=1,
-                        success=False,
-                        stderr=str(e),
-                    )
+    for stack, host, task in tasks:
+        try:
+            result = await task
+            results.append(result)
+            if result.success:
+                print_success(f"{stack}@{host}: stopped{suffix}")
+            else:
+                print_error(f"{stack}@{host}: {result.stderr or 'failed'}")
+        except Exception as e:
+            print_error(f"{stack}@{host}: {e}")
+            results.append(
+                CommandResult(
+                    stack=f"{stack}@{host}",
+                    exit_code=1,
+                    success=False,
+                    stderr=str(e),
                 )
+            )
+
+    return results
+
+
+async def stop_orphaned_stacks(cfg: Config) -> list[CommandResult]:
+    """Stop orphaned stacks (in state but not in config).
+
+    Runs docker compose down on each stack on its tracked host(s).
+    Only removes from state on successful stop.
+
+    Returns list of CommandResults for each stack@host.
+    """
+    orphaned = get_orphaned_stacks(cfg)
+    if not orphaned:
+        return []
+
+    normalized: dict[str, list[str]] = {
+        stack: (hosts if isinstance(hosts, list) else [hosts]) for stack, hosts in orphaned.items()
+    }
+
+    results = await _stop_stacks_on_hosts(cfg, normalized)
 
     # Remove from state only for stacks where ALL hosts succeeded
-    for stack, hosts in orphaned.items():
-        host_list = hosts if isinstance(hosts, list) else [hosts]
+    for stack in normalized:
         all_succeeded = all(
             r.success for r in results if r.stack.startswith(f"{stack}@") or r.stack == stack
         )
@@ -424,3 +457,77 @@ async def stop_orphaned_stacks(cfg: Config) -> list[CommandResult]:
             remove_stack(cfg, stack)
 
     return results
+
+
+async def stop_stray_stacks(
+    cfg: Config,
+    strays: dict[str, list[str]],
+) -> list[CommandResult]:
+    """Stop stacks running on unauthorized hosts.
+
+    Args:
+        cfg: Config object.
+        strays: Dict mapping stack name to list of stray hosts.
+
+    Returns:
+        List of CommandResults for each stack@host stopped.
+
+    """
+    return await _stop_stacks_on_hosts(cfg, strays, label="stray")
+
+
+def build_discovery_results(
+    cfg: Config,
+    running_on_host: dict[str, set[str]],
+    stacks: list[str] | None = None,
+) -> tuple[dict[str, str | list[str]], dict[str, list[str]], dict[str, list[str]]]:
+    """Build discovery results from per-host running stacks.
+
+    Takes the raw data of which stacks are running on which hosts and
+    categorizes them into discovered (running correctly), strays (wrong host),
+    and duplicates (single-host stack on multiple hosts).
+
+    Args:
+        cfg: Config object.
+        running_on_host: Dict mapping host -> set of running stack names.
+        stacks: Optional list of stacks to check. Defaults to all configured stacks.
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple of (discovered, strays, duplicates):
+        - discovered: stack -> host(s) where running correctly
+        - strays: stack -> list of unauthorized hosts
+        - duplicates: stack -> list of all hosts (for single-host stacks on multiple)
+
+    """
+    stack_list = stacks if stacks is not None else list(cfg.stacks)
+    all_hosts = list(running_on_host.keys())
+
+    # Build StackDiscoveryResult for each stack
+    results: list[StackDiscoveryResult] = [
+        StackDiscoveryResult(
+            stack=stack,
+            configured_hosts=cfg.get_hosts(stack),
+            running_hosts=[h for h in all_hosts if stack in running_on_host[h]],
+        )
+        for stack in stack_list
+    ]
+
+    discovered: dict[str, str | list[str]] = {}
+    strays: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
+    duplicates: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
+
+    for result in results:
+        correct_hosts = [h for h in result.running_hosts if h in result.configured_hosts]
+        if correct_hosts:
+            if result.is_multi_host:
+                discovered[result.stack] = correct_hosts
+            else:
+                discovered[result.stack] = correct_hosts[0]
+
+        if result.is_stray:
+            strays[result.stack] = result.stray_hosts
+
+        if result.is_duplicate:
+            duplicates[result.stack] = result.running_hosts
+
+    return discovered, strays, duplicates

src/compose_farm/paths.py

@@ -11,9 +11,19 @@ def xdg_config_home() -> Path:
     return Path(os.environ.get("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", Path.home() / ".config"))
 
 
+def config_dir() -> Path:
+    """Get the compose-farm config directory."""
+    return xdg_config_home() / "compose-farm"
+
+
 def default_config_path() -> Path:
     """Get the default user config path."""
-    return xdg_config_home() / "compose-farm" / "compose-farm.yaml"
+    return config_dir() / "compose-farm.yaml"
+
+
+def backup_dir() -> Path:
+    """Get the backup directory for file edits."""
+    return config_dir() / "backups"
 
 
 def config_search_paths() -> list[Path]:

src/compose_farm/traefik.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use host-published ports for cross-host reachability.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import re
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
@@ -383,3 +384,53 @@ def render_traefik_config(dynamic: dict[str, Any]) -> str:
     """Render Traefik dynamic config as YAML with a header comment."""
     body = yaml.safe_dump(dynamic, sort_keys=False)
     return _TRAEFIK_CONFIG_HEADER + body
+
+
+_HOST_RULE_PATTERN = re.compile(r"Host\(`([^`]+)`\)")
+
+
+def extract_website_urls(config: Config, stack: str) -> list[str]:
+    """Extract website URLs from Traefik labels in a stack's compose file.
+
+    Reuses generate_traefik_config to parse labels, then extracts Host() rules
+    from router configurations.
+
+    Returns a list of unique URLs, preferring HTTPS over HTTP.
+    """
+    try:
+        dynamic, _ = generate_traefik_config(config, [stack], check_all=True)
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        return []
+
+    routers = dynamic.get("http", {}).get("routers", {})
+    if not routers:
+        return []
+
+    # Track URLs with their scheme preference (https > http)
+    urls: dict[str, str] = {}  # host -> scheme
+
+    for router_info in routers.values():
+        if not isinstance(router_info, dict):
+            continue
+
+        rule = router_info.get("rule", "")
+        entrypoints = router_info.get("entrypoints", [])
+
+        # entrypoints can be a list or string
+        if isinstance(entrypoints, list):
+            entrypoints_str = ",".join(entrypoints)
+        else:
+            entrypoints_str = str(entrypoints)
+
+        # Determine scheme from entrypoint
+        scheme = "https" if "websecure" in entrypoints_str else "http"
+
+        # Extract host(s) from rule
+        for match in _HOST_RULE_PATTERN.finditer(str(rule)):
+            host = match.group(1)
+            # Prefer https over http
+            if host not in urls or scheme == "https":
+                urls[host] = scheme
+
+    # Build URL list, sorted for consistency
+    return sorted(f"{scheme}://{host}" for host, scheme in urls.items())

src/compose_farm/web/deps.py

@@ -38,7 +38,17 @@ def get_templates() -> Jinja2Templates:
 def extract_config_error(exc: Exception) -> str:
     """Extract a user-friendly error message from a config exception."""
     if isinstance(exc, ValidationError):
-        return "; ".join(err.get("msg", str(err)) for err in exc.errors())
+        parts = []
+        for err in exc.errors():
+            msg = err.get("msg", str(err))
+            loc = err.get("loc", ())
+            if loc:
+                # Format location as dot-separated path (e.g., "hosts.nas.port")
+                loc_str = ".".join(str(part) for part in loc)
+                parts.append(f"{loc_str}: {msg}")
+            else:
+                parts.append(msg)
+        return "; ".join(parts)
     return str(exc)
 
 

src/compose_farm/web/routes/api.py

@@ -19,8 +19,9 @@ import yaml
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Body, HTTPException, Query
 from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse
 
+from compose_farm.compose import get_container_name
 from compose_farm.executor import is_local, run_compose_on_host, ssh_connect_kwargs
-from compose_farm.paths import find_config_path
+from compose_farm.paths import backup_dir, find_config_path
 from compose_farm.state import load_state
 from compose_farm.web.deps import get_config, get_templates
 
@@ -40,26 +41,30 @@ def _validate_yaml(content: str) -> None:
 def _backup_file(file_path: Path) -> Path | None:
     """Create a timestamped backup of a file if it exists and content differs.
 
-    Backups are stored in a .backups directory alongside the file.
+    Backups are stored in XDG config dir under compose-farm/backups/.
+    The original file's absolute path is mirrored in the backup directory.
     Returns the backup path if created, None if no backup was needed.
     """
     if not file_path.exists():
         return None
 
-    # Create backup directory
-    backup_dir = file_path.parent / ".backups"
-    backup_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+    # Create backup directory mirroring original path structure
+    # e.g., /opt/stacks/plex/compose.yaml -> ~/.config/compose-farm/backups/opt/stacks/plex/
+    # On Windows: C:\Users\foo\stacks -> backups/Users/foo/stacks
+    resolved = file_path.resolve()
+    file_backup_dir = backup_dir() / resolved.parent.relative_to(resolved.anchor)
+    file_backup_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
 
     # Generate timestamped backup filename
     timestamp = datetime.now(tz=UTC).strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
     backup_name = f"{file_path.name}.{timestamp}"
-    backup_path = backup_dir / backup_name
+    backup_path = file_backup_dir / backup_name
 
     # Copy current content to backup
     backup_path.write_text(file_path.read_text())
 
     # Clean up old backups (keep last 200)
-    backups = sorted(backup_dir.glob(f"{file_path.name}.*"), reverse=True)
+    backups = sorted(file_backup_dir.glob(f"{file_path.name}.*"), reverse=True)
     for old_backup in backups[200:]:
         old_backup.unlink()
 
@@ -116,14 +121,9 @@ def _get_compose_services(config: Any, stack: str, hosts: list[str]) -> list[dic
     containers = []
     for host in hosts:
         for svc_name, svc_def in raw_services.items():
-            # Use container_name if set, otherwise default to {project}-{service}-1
-            if isinstance(svc_def, dict) and svc_def.get("container_name"):
-                container_name = svc_def["container_name"]
-            else:
-                container_name = f"{project_name}-{svc_name}-1"
             containers.append(
                 {
-                    "Name": container_name,
+                    "Name": get_container_name(svc_name, svc_def, project_name),
                     "Service": svc_name,
                     "Host": host,
                     "State": "unknown",  # Status requires Docker query

src/compose_farm/web/routes/pages.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from fastapi import APIRouter, Request
 from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse
 from pydantic import ValidationError
 
+from compose_farm.compose import get_container_name
 from compose_farm.paths import find_config_path
 from compose_farm.state import (
     get_orphaned_stacks,
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ from compose_farm.state import (
     group_running_stacks_by_host,
     load_state,
 )
+from compose_farm.traefik import extract_website_urls
 from compose_farm.web.deps import (
     extract_config_error,
     get_config,
@@ -89,8 +91,8 @@ async def index(request: Request) -> HTMLResponse:
     # Get state
     deployed = load_state(config)
 
-    # Stats
-    running_count = len(deployed)
+    # Stats (only count stacks that are both in config AND deployed)
+    running_count = sum(1 for stack in deployed if stack in config.stacks)
     stopped_count = len(config.stacks) - running_count
 
     # Pending operations
@@ -159,13 +161,28 @@ async def stack_detail(request: Request, name: str) -> HTMLResponse:
     # Get state
     current_host = get_stack_host(config, name)
 
-    # Get service names from compose file
+    # Get service names and container info from compose file
     services: list[str] = []
+    containers: dict[str, dict[str, str]] = {}
+    shell_host = current_host[0] if isinstance(current_host, list) else current_host
     if compose_content:
         compose_data = yaml.safe_load(compose_content) or {}
         raw_services = compose_data.get("services", {})
         if isinstance(raw_services, dict):
             services = list(raw_services.keys())
+            # Build container info for shell access (only if stack is running)
+            if shell_host:
+                project_name = compose_path.parent.name if compose_path else name
+                containers = {
+                    svc: {
+                        "container": get_container_name(svc, svc_def, project_name),
+                        "host": shell_host,
+                    }
+                    for svc, svc_def in raw_services.items()
+                }
+
+    # Extract website URLs from Traefik labels
+    website_urls = extract_website_urls(config, name)
 
     return templates.TemplateResponse(
         "stack.html",
@@ -179,6 +196,8 @@ async def stack_detail(request: Request, name: str) -> HTMLResponse:
             "env_content": env_content,
             "env_path": str(env_path) if env_path else None,
             "services": services,
+            "containers": containers,
+            "website_urls": website_urls,
         },
     )
 
@@ -231,7 +250,8 @@ async def stats_partial(request: Request) -> HTMLResponse:
     templates = get_templates()
 
     deployed = load_state(config)
-    running_count = len(deployed)
+    # Only count stacks that are both in config AND deployed
+    running_count = sum(1 for stack in deployed if stack in config.stacks)
     stopped_count = len(config.stacks) - running_count
 
     return templates.TemplateResponse(

src/compose_farm/web/static/app.js

@@ -223,7 +223,9 @@ function initExecTerminal(stack, container, host) {
         return;
     }
 
+    // Unhide the terminal container first, then expand/scroll
     containerEl.classList.remove('hidden');
+    expandCollapse(document.getElementById('exec-collapse'), containerEl);
 
     // Clean up existing (use wrapper's dispose to clean up ResizeObserver)
     if (execWs) { execWs.close(); execWs = null; }
@@ -259,17 +261,42 @@ function initExecTerminal(stack, container, host) {
 
 window.initExecTerminal = initExecTerminal;
 
+/**
+ * Expand a collapse component and scroll to a target element
+ * @param {HTMLInputElement} toggle - The checkbox input that controls the collapse
+ * @param {HTMLElement} [scrollTarget] - Element to scroll to (defaults to collapse container)
+ */
+function expandCollapse(toggle, scrollTarget = null) {
+    if (!toggle) return;
+
+    // Find the parent collapse container
+    const collapse = toggle.closest('.collapse');
+    if (!collapse) return;
+
+    const target = scrollTarget || collapse;
+    const scrollToTarget = () => {
+        target.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'start' });
+    };
+
+    if (!toggle.checked) {
+        // Collapsed - expand first, then scroll after transition
+        const onTransitionEnd = () => {
+            collapse.removeEventListener('transitionend', onTransitionEnd);
+            scrollToTarget();
+        };
+        collapse.addEventListener('transitionend', onTransitionEnd);
+        toggle.checked = true;
+    } else {
+        // Already expanded - just scroll
+        scrollToTarget();
+    }
+}
+
 /**
  * Expand terminal collapse and scroll to it
  */
 function expandTerminal() {
-    const toggle = document.getElementById('terminal-toggle');
-    if (toggle) toggle.checked = true;
-
-    const collapse = document.getElementById('terminal-collapse');
-    if (collapse) {
-        collapse.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'start' });
-    }
+    expandCollapse(document.getElementById('terminal-toggle'));
 }
 
 /**
@@ -523,9 +550,16 @@ function playFabIntro() {
     let originalTheme = null; // Store theme when palette opens for preview/restore
 
     const post = (url) => () => htmx.ajax('POST', url, {swap: 'none'});
-    const nav = (url) => () => {
+    const nav = (url, afterNav) => () => {
+        // Set hash before HTMX swap so inline scripts can read it
+        const hashIndex = url.indexOf('#');
+        if (hashIndex !== -1) {
+            window.location.hash = url.substring(hashIndex);
+        }
         htmx.ajax('GET', url, {target: '#main-content', select: '#main-content', swap: 'outerHTML'}).then(() => {
             history.pushState({}, '', url);
+            window.scrollTo(0, 0);
+            afterNav?.();
         });
     };
     // Navigate to dashboard (if needed) and trigger action
@@ -533,6 +567,7 @@ function playFabIntro() {
         if (window.location.pathname !== '/') {
             await htmx.ajax('GET', '/', {target: '#main-content', select: '#main-content', swap: 'outerHTML'});
             history.pushState({}, '', '/');
+            window.scrollTo(0, 0);
         }
         htmx.ajax('POST', `/api/${endpoint}`, {swap: 'none'});
     };
@@ -568,10 +603,14 @@ function playFabIntro() {
         const actions = [
             cmd('action', 'Apply', 'Make reality match config', dashboardAction('apply'), icons.check),
             cmd('action', 'Refresh', 'Update state from reality', dashboardAction('refresh'), icons.refresh_cw),
+            cmd('action', 'Pull All', 'Pull latest images for all stacks', dashboardAction('pull-all'), icons.cloud_download),
+            cmd('action', 'Update All', 'Update all stacks', dashboardAction('update-all'), icons.refresh_cw),
             cmd('app', 'Theme', 'Change color theme', openThemePicker, icons.palette),
             cmd('app', 'Dashboard', 'Go to dashboard', nav('/'), icons.home),
             cmd('app', 'Console', 'Go to console', nav('/console'), icons.terminal),
+            cmd('app', 'Edit Config', 'Edit compose-farm.yaml', nav('/console#editor'), icons.file_code),
             cmd('app', 'Docs', 'Open documentation', openExternal('https://compose-farm.nijho.lt/'), icons.book_open),
+            cmd('app', 'Repo', 'Open GitHub repository', openExternal('https://github.com/basnijholt/compose-farm'), icons.external_link),
         ];
 
         // Add stack-specific actions if on a stack page
@@ -588,11 +627,26 @@ function playFabIntro() {
                 stackCmd('Logs', 'View logs for', 'logs', icons.file_text),
             );
 
-            // Add service-specific commands from data-services attribute
+            // Add Open Website commands if website URLs are available
+            const websiteUrlsAttr = document.querySelector('[data-website-urls]')?.getAttribute('data-website-urls');
+            if (websiteUrlsAttr) {
+                const websiteUrls = JSON.parse(websiteUrlsAttr);
+                for (const url of websiteUrls) {
+                    const displayUrl = url.replace(/^https?:\/\//, '');
+                    const label = websiteUrls.length > 1 ? `Open: ${displayUrl}` : 'Open Website';
+                    actions.unshift(cmd('stack', label, `Open ${displayUrl} in browser`, openExternal(url), icons.external_link));
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Add service-specific commands from data-services and data-containers attributes
             // Grouped by action (all Logs together, all Pull together, etc.) with services sorted alphabetically
             const servicesAttr = document.querySelector('[data-services]')?.getAttribute('data-services');
+            const containersAttr = document.querySelector('[data-containers]')?.getAttribute('data-containers');
             if (servicesAttr) {
                 const services = servicesAttr.split(',').filter(s => s).sort();
+                // Parse container info for shell access: {service: {container, host}}
+                const containers = containersAttr ? JSON.parse(containersAttr) : {};
+
                 const svcCmd = (action, service, desc, endpoint, icon) =>
                     cmd('service', `${action}: ${service}`, desc, post(`/api/stack/${stack}/service/${service}/${endpoint}`), icon);
                 const svcActions = [
@@ -607,6 +661,14 @@ function playFabIntro() {
                         actions.push(svcCmd(action, service, desc, endpoint, icon));
                     }
                 }
+                // Add Shell commands if container info is available
+                for (const service of services) {
+                    const info = containers[service];
+                    if (info?.container && info?.host) {
+                        actions.push(cmd('service', `Shell: ${service}`, 'Open interactive shell',
+                            () => initExecTerminal(stack, info.container, info.host), icons.terminal));
+                    }
+                }
             }
         }
 

src/compose_farm/web/templates/base.html

@@ -51,15 +51,21 @@
                 <header class="p-4 border-b border-base-300">
                     <h2 class="text-lg font-semibold flex items-center gap-2">
                         <span class="rainbow-hover">Compose Farm</span>
-                        <a href="https://compose-farm.nijho.lt/" target="_blank" title="Docs" class="opacity-50 hover:opacity-100 transition-opacity">
-                            {{ book_open() }}
-                        </a>
-                        <a href="https://github.com/basnijholt/compose-farm" target="_blank" title="GitHub" class="opacity-50 hover:opacity-100 transition-opacity">
-                            {{ github() }}
-                        </a>
-                        <button type="button" id="theme-btn" class="opacity-50 hover:opacity-100 transition-opacity cursor-pointer" title="Change theme (opens command palette)">
-                            {{ palette() }}
-                        </button>
+                        <div class="tooltip tooltip-bottom" data-tip="Docs">
+                            <a href="https://compose-farm.nijho.lt/" target="_blank" class="opacity-50 hover:opacity-100 transition-opacity">
+                                {{ book_open() }}
+                            </a>
+                        </div>
+                        <div class="tooltip tooltip-bottom" data-tip="GitHub">
+                            <a href="https://github.com/basnijholt/compose-farm" target="_blank" class="opacity-50 hover:opacity-100 transition-opacity">
+                                {{ github() }}
+                            </a>
+                        </div>
+                        <div class="tooltip tooltip-bottom" data-tip="Change theme">
+                            <button type="button" id="theme-btn" class="opacity-50 hover:opacity-100 transition-opacity cursor-pointer">
+                                {{ palette() }}
+                            </button>
+                        </div>
                     </h2>
                 </header>
                 <nav class="flex-1 overflow-y-auto p-2" hx-get="/partials/sidebar" hx-trigger="load, cf:refresh from:body" hx-swap="innerHTML">

src/compose_farm/web/templates/console.html

@@ -97,7 +97,10 @@ function connectConsole() {
     consoleWs.onopen = () => {
         statusEl.textContent = `Connected to ${host}`;
         sendSize(term.cols, term.rows);
-        term.focus();
+        // Focus terminal unless #editor hash is present (command palette Edit Config)
+        if (window.location.hash !== '#editor') {
+            term.focus();
+        }
         // Auto-load the default file once editor is ready
         const pathInput = document.getElementById('console-file-path');
         if (pathInput && pathInput.value) {
@@ -133,6 +136,14 @@ function initConsoleEditor() {
 
     loadMonaco(() => {
         consoleEditor = createEditor(editorEl, '', 'plaintext', { onSave: saveFile });
+        // Focus editor if #editor hash is present (command palette Edit Config)
+        if (window.location.hash === '#editor') {
+            // Small delay for Monaco to fully initialize before focusing
+            setTimeout(() => {
+                consoleEditor.focus();
+                editorEl.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'center' });
+            }, 100);
+        }
     });
 }
 

src/compose_farm/web/templates/partials/command_palette.html

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-{% from "partials/icons.html" import search, play, square, rotate_cw, cloud_download, refresh_cw, file_text, check, home, terminal, box, palette, book_open %}
+{% from "partials/icons.html" import search, play, square, rotate_cw, cloud_download, refresh_cw, file_text, file_code, check, home, terminal, box, palette, book_open, external_link %}
 
 <!-- Icons for command palette (referenced by JS) -->
 <template id="cmd-icons">
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
     <span data-icon="box">{{ box() }}</span>
     <span data-icon="palette">{{ palette() }}</span>
     <span data-icon="book_open">{{ book_open() }}</span>
+    <span data-icon="file_code">{{ file_code() }}</span>
+    <span data-icon="external_link">{{ external_link() }}</span>
 </template>
 <dialog id="cmd-palette" class="modal">
     <div class="modal-box max-w-lg p-0">

src/compose_farm/web/templates/partials/containers.html

@@ -1,24 +1,26 @@
 {# Container list for a stack on a single host #}
 {% from "partials/icons.html" import terminal, rotate_ccw, scroll_text, square, play, cloud_download %}
 {% macro container_row(stack, container, host) %}
-<div class="flex items-center gap-2 mb-2">
-    {% if container.State == "running" %}
-        <span class="badge badge-success">running</span>
-    {% elif container.State == "unknown" %}
-        <span class="badge badge-ghost"><span class="loading loading-spinner loading-xs"></span></span>
-    {% elif container.State == "exited" %}
-        {% if container.ExitCode == 0 %}
-            <span class="badge badge-neutral">exited (0)</span>
+<div class="flex flex-col sm:flex-row sm:items-center gap-2 mb-3 p-2 bg-base-200 rounded-lg">
+    <div class="flex items-center gap-2 min-w-0">
+        {% if container.State == "running" %}
+            <span class="badge badge-success">running</span>
+        {% elif container.State == "unknown" %}
+            <span class="badge badge-ghost"><span class="loading loading-spinner loading-xs"></span></span>
+        {% elif container.State == "exited" %}
+            {% if container.ExitCode == 0 %}
+                <span class="badge badge-neutral">exited (0)</span>
+            {% else %}
+                <span class="badge badge-error">exited ({{ container.ExitCode }})</span>
+            {% endif %}
+        {% elif container.State == "created" %}
+            <span class="badge badge-neutral">created</span>
         {% else %}
-            <span class="badge badge-error">exited ({{ container.ExitCode }})</span>
+            <span class="badge badge-warning">{{ container.State }}</span>
         {% endif %}
-    {% elif container.State == "created" %}
-        <span class="badge badge-neutral">created</span>
-    {% else %}
-        <span class="badge badge-warning">{{ container.State }}</span>
-    {% endif %}
-    <code class="text-sm flex-1">{{ container.Name }}</code>
-    <div class="join">
+        <code class="text-sm truncate">{{ container.Name }}</code>
+    </div>
+    <div class="join sm:ml-auto shrink-0">
         <div class="tooltip tooltip-top" data-tip="View logs">
             <button class="btn btn-sm btn-outline join-item"
                     hx-post="/api/stack/{{ stack }}/service/{{ container.Service }}/logs"

src/compose_farm/web/templates/partials/icons.html

@@ -170,3 +170,9 @@
     <circle cx="13.5" cy="6.5" r="0.5" fill="currentColor"/><circle cx="17.5" cy="10.5" r="0.5" fill="currentColor"/><circle cx="8.5" cy="7.5" r="0.5" fill="currentColor"/><circle cx="6.5" cy="12.5" r="0.5" fill="currentColor"/><path d="M12 2C6.5 2 2 6.5 2 12s4.5 10 10 10c.926 0 1.648-.746 1.648-1.688 0-.437-.18-.835-.437-1.125-.29-.289-.438-.652-.438-1.125a1.64 1.64 0 0 1 1.668-1.668h1.996c3.051 0 5.555-2.503 5.555-5.555C21.965 6.012 17.461 2 12 2z"/>
 </svg>
 {% endmacro %}
+
+{% macro external_link(size=16) %}
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="{{ size }}" height="{{ size }}" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
+    <path d="M15 3h6v6"/><path d="M10 14 21 3"/><path d="M18 13v6a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V8a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h6"/>
+</svg>
+{% endmacro %}

src/compose_farm/web/templates/stack.html

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 {% extends "base.html" %}
 {% from "partials/components.html" import collapse, action_btn %}
-{% from "partials/icons.html" import play, square, rotate_cw, download, cloud_download, file_text, save, file_code, terminal, settings %}
+{% from "partials/icons.html" import play, square, rotate_cw, download, cloud_download, file_text, save, file_code, terminal, settings, external_link %}
 {% block title %}{{ name }} - Compose Farm{% endblock %}
 
 {% block content %}
-<div class="max-w-5xl" data-services="{{ services | join(',') }}">
+<div class="max-w-5xl" data-services="{{ services | join(',') }}" data-containers='{{ containers | tojson }}' data-website-urls='{{ website_urls | tojson }}'>
     <div class="mb-6">
         <h1 class="text-3xl font-bold rainbow-hover">{{ name }}</h1>
         <div class="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2 mt-2">
@@ -31,6 +31,19 @@
         {{ action_btn("Pull", "/api/stack/" ~ name ~ "/pull", "outline", "Pull latest images (no restart)", cloud_download()) }}
         {{ action_btn("Logs", "/api/stack/" ~ name ~ "/logs", "outline", "Show recent logs", file_text()) }}
         <div class="tooltip" data-tip="Save compose and .env files"><button id="save-btn" class="btn btn-outline">{{ save() }} Save All</button></div>
+
+        {% if website_urls %}
+        <div class="divider divider-horizontal mx-0"></div>
+
+        <!-- Open Website -->
+        {% for url in website_urls %}
+        <div class="tooltip" data-tip="Open {{ url }}">
+            <a href="{{ url }}" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="btn btn-outline">
+                {{ external_link() }} {% if website_urls | length > 1 %}{{ url | replace('https://', '') | replace('http://', '') }}{% else %}Open Website{% endif %}
+            </a>
+        </div>
+        {% endfor %}
+        {% endif %}
     </div>
 
     {% call collapse("Compose File", badge=compose_path, icon=file_code()) %}

src/compose_farm/web/ws.py

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ def _parse_resize(msg: str) -> tuple[int, int] | None:
     """Parse a resize message, return (cols, rows) or None if not a resize."""
     try:
         data = json.loads(msg)
-        if data.get("type") == "resize":
+        if isinstance(data, dict) and data.get("type") == "resize":
             return int(data["cols"]), int(data["rows"])
     except (json.JSONDecodeError, KeyError, TypeError, ValueError):
         pass

tests/test_cli_lifecycle.py

@@ -58,8 +58,9 @@ class TestApplyCommand:
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.get_orphaned_stacks", return_value={}),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.get_stacks_needing_migration", return_value=[]),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.get_stacks_not_in_state", return_value=[]),
+            patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle._discover_strays", return_value={}),
         ):
-            apply(dry_run=False, no_orphans=False, full=False, config=None)
+            apply(dry_run=False, no_orphans=False, no_strays=False, full=False, config=None)
 
         captured = capsys.readouterr()
         assert "Nothing to apply" in captured.out
@@ -82,10 +83,11 @@ class TestApplyCommand:
             ),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.get_stacks_not_in_state", return_value=[]),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.get_stack_host", return_value="host1"),
+            patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle._discover_strays", return_value={}),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.stop_orphaned_stacks") as mock_stop,
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.up_stacks") as mock_up,
         ):
-            apply(dry_run=True, no_orphans=False, full=False, config=None)
+            apply(dry_run=True, no_orphans=False, no_strays=False, full=False, config=None)
 
         captured = capsys.readouterr()
         assert "Stacks to migrate" in captured.out
@@ -112,6 +114,7 @@ class TestApplyCommand:
             ),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.get_stacks_not_in_state", return_value=[]),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.get_stack_host", return_value="host1"),
+            patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle._discover_strays", return_value={}),
             patch(
                 "compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.run_async",
                 return_value=mock_results,
@@ -120,7 +123,7 @@ class TestApplyCommand:
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.maybe_regenerate_traefik"),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.report_results"),
         ):
-            apply(dry_run=False, no_orphans=False, full=False, config=None)
+            apply(dry_run=False, no_orphans=False, no_strays=False, full=False, config=None)
 
             mock_up.assert_called_once()
             call_args = mock_up.call_args
@@ -139,6 +142,7 @@ class TestApplyCommand:
             ),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.get_stacks_needing_migration", return_value=[]),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.get_stacks_not_in_state", return_value=[]),
+            patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle._discover_strays", return_value={}),
             patch(
                 "compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.run_async",
                 return_value=mock_results,
@@ -146,7 +150,7 @@ class TestApplyCommand:
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.stop_orphaned_stacks") as mock_stop,
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.report_results"),
         ):
-            apply(dry_run=False, no_orphans=False, full=False, config=None)
+            apply(dry_run=False, no_orphans=False, no_strays=False, full=False, config=None)
 
             mock_stop.assert_called_once_with(cfg)
 
@@ -169,6 +173,7 @@ class TestApplyCommand:
             ),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.get_stacks_not_in_state", return_value=[]),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.get_stack_host", return_value="host1"),
+            patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle._discover_strays", return_value={}),
             patch(
                 "compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.run_async",
                 return_value=mock_results,
@@ -178,7 +183,7 @@ class TestApplyCommand:
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.maybe_regenerate_traefik"),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.report_results"),
         ):
-            apply(dry_run=False, no_orphans=True, full=False, config=None)
+            apply(dry_run=False, no_orphans=True, no_strays=False, full=False, config=None)
 
             # Should run migrations but not orphan cleanup
             mock_up.assert_called_once()
@@ -202,8 +207,9 @@ class TestApplyCommand:
             ),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.get_stacks_needing_migration", return_value=[]),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.get_stacks_not_in_state", return_value=[]),
+            patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle._discover_strays", return_value={}),
         ):
-            apply(dry_run=False, no_orphans=True, full=False, config=None)
+            apply(dry_run=False, no_orphans=True, no_strays=False, full=False, config=None)
 
         captured = capsys.readouterr()
         assert "Nothing to apply" in captured.out
@@ -221,6 +227,7 @@ class TestApplyCommand:
                 "compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.get_stacks_not_in_state",
                 return_value=["svc1"],
             ),
+            patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle._discover_strays", return_value={}),
             patch(
                 "compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.run_async",
                 return_value=mock_results,
@@ -229,7 +236,7 @@ class TestApplyCommand:
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.maybe_regenerate_traefik"),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.report_results"),
         ):
-            apply(dry_run=False, no_orphans=False, full=False, config=None)
+            apply(dry_run=False, no_orphans=False, no_strays=False, full=False, config=None)
 
             mock_up.assert_called_once()
             call_args = mock_up.call_args
@@ -249,8 +256,9 @@ class TestApplyCommand:
                 "compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.get_stacks_not_in_state",
                 return_value=["svc1"],
             ),
+            patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle._discover_strays", return_value={}),
         ):
-            apply(dry_run=True, no_orphans=False, full=False, config=None)
+            apply(dry_run=True, no_orphans=False, no_strays=False, full=False, config=None)
 
         captured = capsys.readouterr()
         assert "Stacks to start" in captured.out
@@ -267,6 +275,7 @@ class TestApplyCommand:
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.get_orphaned_stacks", return_value={}),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.get_stacks_needing_migration", return_value=[]),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.get_stacks_not_in_state", return_value=[]),
+            patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle._discover_strays", return_value={}),
             patch(
                 "compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.run_async",
                 return_value=mock_results,
@@ -275,7 +284,7 @@ class TestApplyCommand:
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.maybe_regenerate_traefik"),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.report_results"),
         ):
-            apply(dry_run=False, no_orphans=False, full=True, config=None)
+            apply(dry_run=False, no_orphans=False, no_strays=False, full=True, config=None)
 
             mock_up.assert_called_once()
             call_args = mock_up.call_args
@@ -293,8 +302,9 @@ class TestApplyCommand:
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.get_orphaned_stacks", return_value={}),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.get_stacks_needing_migration", return_value=[]),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.get_stacks_not_in_state", return_value=[]),
+            patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle._discover_strays", return_value={}),
         ):
-            apply(dry_run=True, no_orphans=False, full=True, config=None)
+            apply(dry_run=True, no_orphans=False, no_strays=False, full=True, config=None)
 
         captured = capsys.readouterr()
         assert "Stacks to refresh" in captured.out
@@ -319,6 +329,7 @@ class TestApplyCommand:
                 return_value=["svc2"],
             ),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.get_stack_host", return_value="host2"),
+            patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle._discover_strays", return_value={}),
             patch(
                 "compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.run_async",
                 return_value=mock_results,
@@ -327,7 +338,7 @@ class TestApplyCommand:
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.maybe_regenerate_traefik"),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.lifecycle.report_results"),
         ):
-            apply(dry_run=False, no_orphans=False, full=True, config=None)
+            apply(dry_run=False, no_orphans=False, no_strays=False, full=True, config=None)
 
             # up_stacks should be called 3 times: migrate, start, refresh
             assert mock_up.call_count == 3

tests/test_compose.py

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+"""Tests for compose file parsing utilities."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+from compose_farm.compose import get_container_name
+
+
+class TestGetContainerName:
+    """Test get_container_name helper function."""
+
+    def test_explicit_container_name(self) -> None:
+        """Uses container_name from service definition when set."""
+        service_def = {"image": "nginx", "container_name": "my-custom-name"}
+        result = get_container_name("web", service_def, "myproject")
+        assert result == "my-custom-name"
+
+    def test_default_naming_pattern(self) -> None:
+        """Falls back to {project}-{service}-1 pattern."""
+        service_def = {"image": "nginx"}
+        result = get_container_name("web", service_def, "myproject")
+        assert result == "myproject-web-1"
+
+    def test_none_service_def(self) -> None:
+        """Handles None service definition gracefully."""
+        result = get_container_name("web", None, "myproject")
+        assert result == "myproject-web-1"
+
+    def test_empty_service_def(self) -> None:
+        """Handles empty service definition."""
+        result = get_container_name("web", {}, "myproject")
+        assert result == "myproject-web-1"
+
+    def test_container_name_none_value(self) -> None:
+        """Handles container_name set to None."""
+        service_def = {"image": "nginx", "container_name": None}
+        result = get_container_name("web", service_def, "myproject")
+        assert result == "myproject-web-1"
+
+    def test_container_name_empty_string(self) -> None:
+        """Handles container_name set to empty string."""
+        service_def = {"image": "nginx", "container_name": ""}
+        result = get_container_name("web", service_def, "myproject")
+        assert result == "myproject-web-1"
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("service_name", "project_name", "expected"),
+        [
+            ("redis", "plex", "plex-redis-1"),
+            ("plex-server", "media", "media-plex-server-1"),
+            ("db", "my-app", "my-app-db-1"),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_various_naming_combinations(
+        self, service_name: str, project_name: str, expected: str
+    ) -> None:
+        """Test various service/project name combinations."""
+        result = get_container_name(service_name, {"image": "test"}, project_name)
+        assert result == expected

tests/test_executor.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from compose_farm.executor import (
     _run_local_command,
     check_networks_exist,
     check_paths_exist,
+    get_running_stacks_on_host,
     is_local,
     run_command,
     run_compose,
@@ -239,3 +240,31 @@ class TestCheckNetworksExist:
 
         result = await check_networks_exist(config, "local", [])
         assert result == {}
+
+
+@linux_only
+class TestGetRunningStacksOnHost:
+    """Tests for get_running_stacks_on_host function (requires Docker)."""
+
+    async def test_returns_set_of_stacks(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Function returns a set of stack names."""
+        config = Config(
+            compose_dir=tmp_path,
+            hosts={"local": Host(address="localhost")},
+            stacks={},
+        )
+
+        result = await get_running_stacks_on_host(config, "local")
+        assert isinstance(result, set)
+
+    async def test_filters_empty_lines(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Empty project names are filtered out."""
+        config = Config(
+            compose_dir=tmp_path,
+            hosts={"local": Host(address="localhost")},
+            stacks={},
+        )
+
+        # Result should not contain empty strings
+        result = await get_running_stacks_on_host(config, "local")
+        assert "" not in result

tests/test_logs.py

@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ import pytest
 from compose_farm.config import Config, Host
 from compose_farm.executor import CommandResult
 from compose_farm.logs import (
-    _parse_images_output,
-    collect_stack_entries,
+    _SECTION_SEPARATOR,
+    collect_stacks_entries_on_host,
     isoformat,
     load_existing_entries,
     merge_entries,
@@ -19,74 +19,252 @@ from compose_farm.logs import (
 )
 
 
-def test_parse_images_output_handles_list_and_lines() -> None:
-    data = [
-        {"Service": "svc", "Image": "redis", "Digest": "sha256:abc"},
-        {"Service": "svc", "Image": "db", "Digest": "sha256:def"},
+def _make_mock_output(
+    project_images: dict[str, list[str]], image_info: list[dict[str, object]]
+) -> str:
+    """Build mock output matching the 2-docker-command format."""
+    # Section 1: project|image pairs from docker ps
+    ps_lines = [
+        f"{project}|{image}" for project, images in project_images.items() for image in images
     ]
-    as_array = _parse_images_output(json.dumps(data))
-    assert len(as_array) == 2
 
-    as_lines = _parse_images_output("\n".join(json.dumps(item) for item in data))
-    assert len(as_lines) == 2
+    # Section 2: JSON array from docker image inspect
+    image_json = json.dumps(image_info)
+
+    return f"{chr(10).join(ps_lines)}\n{_SECTION_SEPARATOR}\n{image_json}"
 
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_snapshot_preserves_first_seen(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    compose_dir = tmp_path / "compose"
-    compose_dir.mkdir()
-    stack_dir = compose_dir / "svc"
-    stack_dir.mkdir()
-    (stack_dir / "docker-compose.yml").write_text("services: {}\n")
+class TestCollectStacksEntriesOnHost:
+    """Tests for collect_stacks_entries_on_host (2 docker commands per host)."""
 
-    config = Config(
-        compose_dir=compose_dir,
-        hosts={"local": Host(address="localhost")},
-        stacks={"svc": "local"},
-    )
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def config_with_stacks(self, tmp_path: Path) -> Config:
+        """Create a config with multiple stacks."""
+        compose_dir = tmp_path / "compose"
+        compose_dir.mkdir()
+        for stack in ["plex", "jellyfin", "sonarr"]:
+            stack_dir = compose_dir / stack
+            stack_dir.mkdir()
+            (stack_dir / "docker-compose.yml").write_text("services: {}\n")
 
-    sample_output = json.dumps([{"Service": "svc", "Image": "redis", "Digest": "sha256:abc"}])
-
-    async def fake_run_compose(
-        _cfg: Config, stack: str, compose_cmd: str, *, stream: bool = True
-    ) -> CommandResult:
-        assert compose_cmd == "images --format json"
-        assert stream is False or stream is True
-        return CommandResult(
-            stack=stack,
-            exit_code=0,
-            success=True,
-            stdout=sample_output,
-            stderr="",
+        return Config(
+            compose_dir=compose_dir,
+            hosts={"host1": Host(address="localhost"), "host2": Host(address="localhost")},
+            stacks={"plex": "host1", "jellyfin": "host1", "sonarr": "host2"},
         )
 
-    log_path = tmp_path / "dockerfarm-log.toml"
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_single_ssh_call(
+        self, config_with_stacks: Config, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+    ) -> None:
+        """Verify only 1 SSH call is made regardless of stack count."""
+        call_count = {"count": 0}
 
-    # First snapshot
-    first_time = datetime(2025, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC)
-    first_entries = await collect_stack_entries(
-        config, "svc", now=first_time, run_compose_fn=fake_run_compose
-    )
-    first_iso = isoformat(first_time)
-    merged = merge_entries([], first_entries, now_iso=first_iso)
-    meta = {"generated_at": first_iso, "compose_dir": str(config.compose_dir)}
-    write_toml(log_path, meta=meta, entries=merged)
+        async def mock_run_command(
+            host: Host, command: str, stack: str, *, stream: bool, prefix: str
+        ) -> CommandResult:
+            call_count["count"] += 1
+            output = _make_mock_output(
+                {"plex": ["plex:latest"], "jellyfin": ["jellyfin:latest"]},
+                [
+                    {
+                        "RepoTags": ["plex:latest"],
+                        "Id": "sha256:aaa",
+                        "RepoDigests": ["plex@sha256:aaa"],
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "RepoTags": ["jellyfin:latest"],
+                        "Id": "sha256:bbb",
+                        "RepoDigests": ["jellyfin@sha256:bbb"],
+                    },
+                ],
+            )
+            return CommandResult(stack=stack, exit_code=0, success=True, stdout=output)
 
-    after_first = tomllib.loads(log_path.read_text())
-    first_seen = after_first["entries"][0]["first_seen"]
+        monkeypatch.setattr("compose_farm.logs.run_command", mock_run_command)
 
-    # Second snapshot
-    second_time = datetime(2025, 2, 1, tzinfo=UTC)
-    second_entries = await collect_stack_entries(
-        config, "svc", now=second_time, run_compose_fn=fake_run_compose
-    )
-    second_iso = isoformat(second_time)
-    existing = load_existing_entries(log_path)
-    merged = merge_entries(existing, second_entries, now_iso=second_iso)
-    meta = {"generated_at": second_iso, "compose_dir": str(config.compose_dir)}
-    write_toml(log_path, meta=meta, entries=merged)
+        now = datetime(2025, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC)
+        entries = await collect_stacks_entries_on_host(
+            config_with_stacks, "host1", {"plex", "jellyfin"}, now=now
+        )
 
-    after_second = tomllib.loads(log_path.read_text())
-    entry = after_second["entries"][0]
-    assert entry["first_seen"] == first_seen
-    assert entry["last_seen"].startswith("2025-02-01")
+        assert call_count["count"] == 1
+        assert len(entries) == 2
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_filters_to_requested_stacks(
+        self, config_with_stacks: Config, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+    ) -> None:
+        """Only return entries for stacks we asked for, even if others are running."""
+
+        async def mock_run_command(
+            host: Host, command: str, stack: str, *, stream: bool, prefix: str
+        ) -> CommandResult:
+            # Docker ps shows 3 stacks, but we only want plex
+            output = _make_mock_output(
+                {
+                    "plex": ["plex:latest"],
+                    "jellyfin": ["jellyfin:latest"],
+                    "other": ["other:latest"],
+                },
+                [
+                    {
+                        "RepoTags": ["plex:latest"],
+                        "Id": "sha256:aaa",
+                        "RepoDigests": ["plex@sha256:aaa"],
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "RepoTags": ["jellyfin:latest"],
+                        "Id": "sha256:bbb",
+                        "RepoDigests": ["j@sha256:bbb"],
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "RepoTags": ["other:latest"],
+                        "Id": "sha256:ccc",
+                        "RepoDigests": ["o@sha256:ccc"],
+                    },
+                ],
+            )
+            return CommandResult(stack=stack, exit_code=0, success=True, stdout=output)
+
+        monkeypatch.setattr("compose_farm.logs.run_command", mock_run_command)
+
+        now = datetime(2025, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC)
+        entries = await collect_stacks_entries_on_host(
+            config_with_stacks, "host1", {"plex"}, now=now
+        )
+
+        assert len(entries) == 1
+        assert entries[0].stack == "plex"
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_multiple_images_per_stack(
+        self, config_with_stacks: Config, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+    ) -> None:
+        """Stack with multiple containers/images returns multiple entries."""
+
+        async def mock_run_command(
+            host: Host, command: str, stack: str, *, stream: bool, prefix: str
+        ) -> CommandResult:
+            output = _make_mock_output(
+                {"plex": ["plex:latest", "redis:7"]},
+                [
+                    {
+                        "RepoTags": ["plex:latest"],
+                        "Id": "sha256:aaa",
+                        "RepoDigests": ["p@sha256:aaa"],
+                    },
+                    {"RepoTags": ["redis:7"], "Id": "sha256:bbb", "RepoDigests": ["r@sha256:bbb"]},
+                ],
+            )
+            return CommandResult(stack=stack, exit_code=0, success=True, stdout=output)
+
+        monkeypatch.setattr("compose_farm.logs.run_command", mock_run_command)
+
+        now = datetime(2025, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC)
+        entries = await collect_stacks_entries_on_host(
+            config_with_stacks, "host1", {"plex"}, now=now
+        )
+
+        assert len(entries) == 2
+        images = {e.image for e in entries}
+        assert images == {"plex:latest", "redis:7"}
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_empty_stacks_returns_empty(self, config_with_stacks: Config) -> None:
+        """Empty stack set returns empty entries without making SSH call."""
+        now = datetime(2025, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC)
+        entries = await collect_stacks_entries_on_host(config_with_stacks, "host1", set(), now=now)
+        assert entries == []
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_ssh_failure_returns_empty(
+        self, config_with_stacks: Config, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+    ) -> None:
+        """SSH failure returns empty list instead of raising."""
+
+        async def mock_run_command(
+            host: Host, command: str, stack: str, *, stream: bool, prefix: str
+        ) -> CommandResult:
+            return CommandResult(stack=stack, exit_code=1, success=False, stdout="", stderr="error")
+
+        monkeypatch.setattr("compose_farm.logs.run_command", mock_run_command)
+
+        now = datetime(2025, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC)
+        entries = await collect_stacks_entries_on_host(
+            config_with_stacks, "host1", {"plex"}, now=now
+        )
+
+        assert entries == []
+
+
+class TestSnapshotMerging:
+    """Tests for merge_entries preserving first_seen."""
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def config(self, tmp_path: Path) -> Config:
+        compose_dir = tmp_path / "compose"
+        compose_dir.mkdir()
+        stack_dir = compose_dir / "svc"
+        stack_dir.mkdir()
+        (stack_dir / "docker-compose.yml").write_text("services: {}\n")
+
+        return Config(
+            compose_dir=compose_dir,
+            hosts={"local": Host(address="localhost")},
+            stacks={"svc": "local"},
+        )
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_preserves_first_seen(
+        self, tmp_path: Path, config: Config, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
+    ) -> None:
+        """Repeated snapshots preserve first_seen timestamp."""
+
+        async def mock_run_command(
+            host: Host, command: str, stack: str, *, stream: bool, prefix: str
+        ) -> CommandResult:
+            output = _make_mock_output(
+                {"svc": ["redis:latest"]},
+                [
+                    {
+                        "RepoTags": ["redis:latest"],
+                        "Id": "sha256:abc",
+                        "RepoDigests": ["r@sha256:abc"],
+                    }
+                ],
+            )
+            return CommandResult(stack=stack, exit_code=0, success=True, stdout=output)
+
+        monkeypatch.setattr("compose_farm.logs.run_command", mock_run_command)
+
+        log_path = tmp_path / "dockerfarm-log.toml"
+
+        # First snapshot
+        first_time = datetime(2025, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC)
+        first_entries = await collect_stacks_entries_on_host(
+            config, "local", {"svc"}, now=first_time
+        )
+        first_iso = isoformat(first_time)
+        merged = merge_entries([], first_entries, now_iso=first_iso)
+        meta = {"generated_at": first_iso, "compose_dir": str(config.compose_dir)}
+        write_toml(log_path, meta=meta, entries=merged)
+
+        after_first = tomllib.loads(log_path.read_text())
+        first_seen = after_first["entries"][0]["first_seen"]
+
+        # Second snapshot
+        second_time = datetime(2025, 2, 1, tzinfo=UTC)
+        second_entries = await collect_stacks_entries_on_host(
+            config, "local", {"svc"}, now=second_time
+        )
+        second_iso = isoformat(second_time)
+        existing = load_existing_entries(log_path)
+        merged = merge_entries(existing, second_entries, now_iso=second_iso)
+        meta = {"generated_at": second_iso, "compose_dir": str(config.compose_dir)}
+        write_toml(log_path, meta=meta, entries=merged)
+
+        after_second = tomllib.loads(log_path.read_text())
+        entry = after_second["entries"][0]
+        assert entry["first_seen"] == first_seen
+        assert entry["last_seen"].startswith("2025-02-01")

tests/test_operations.py

@@ -11,7 +11,10 @@ import pytest
 from compose_farm.cli import lifecycle
 from compose_farm.config import Config, Host
 from compose_farm.executor import CommandResult
-from compose_farm.operations import _migrate_stack
+from compose_farm.operations import (
+    _migrate_stack,
+    build_discovery_results,
+)
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
@@ -109,3 +112,83 @@ class TestUpdateCommandSequence:
         # Verify the sequence is pull, build, down, up
         assert "down" in source
         assert "up -d" in source
+
+
+class TestBuildDiscoveryResults:
+    """Tests for build_discovery_results function."""
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def config(self, tmp_path: Path) -> Config:
+        """Create a test config with multiple stacks."""
+        compose_dir = tmp_path / "compose"
+        for stack in ["plex", "jellyfin", "sonarr"]:
+            (compose_dir / stack).mkdir(parents=True)
+            (compose_dir / stack / "docker-compose.yml").write_text("services: {}")
+
+        return Config(
+            compose_dir=compose_dir,
+            hosts={
+                "host1": Host(address="localhost"),
+                "host2": Host(address="localhost"),
+            },
+            stacks={"plex": "host1", "jellyfin": "host1", "sonarr": "host2"},
+        )
+
+    def test_discovers_correctly_running_stacks(self, config: Config) -> None:
+        """Stacks running on correct hosts are discovered."""
+        running_on_host = {
+            "host1": {"plex", "jellyfin"},
+            "host2": {"sonarr"},
+        }
+
+        discovered, strays, duplicates = build_discovery_results(config, running_on_host)
+
+        assert discovered == {"plex": "host1", "jellyfin": "host1", "sonarr": "host2"}
+        assert strays == {}
+        assert duplicates == {}
+
+    def test_detects_stray_stacks(self, config: Config) -> None:
+        """Stacks running on wrong hosts are marked as strays."""
+        running_on_host = {
+            "host1": set(),
+            "host2": {"plex"},  # plex should be on host1
+        }
+
+        discovered, strays, _duplicates = build_discovery_results(config, running_on_host)
+
+        assert "plex" not in discovered
+        assert strays == {"plex": ["host2"]}
+
+    def test_detects_duplicates(self, config: Config) -> None:
+        """Single-host stacks running on multiple hosts are duplicates."""
+        running_on_host = {
+            "host1": {"plex"},
+            "host2": {"plex"},  # plex running on both hosts
+        }
+
+        discovered, strays, duplicates = build_discovery_results(
+            config, running_on_host, stacks=["plex"]
+        )
+
+        # plex is correctly running on host1
+        assert discovered == {"plex": "host1"}
+        # plex is also a stray on host2
+        assert strays == {"plex": ["host2"]}
+        # plex is a duplicate (single-host stack on multiple hosts)
+        assert duplicates == {"plex": ["host1", "host2"]}
+
+    def test_filters_to_requested_stacks(self, config: Config) -> None:
+        """Only returns results for requested stacks."""
+        running_on_host = {
+            "host1": {"plex", "jellyfin"},
+            "host2": {"sonarr"},
+        }
+
+        discovered, _strays, _duplicates = build_discovery_results(
+            config, running_on_host, stacks=["plex"]
+        )
+
+        # Only plex should be in results
+        assert discovered == {"plex": "host1"}
+        assert "jellyfin" not in discovered
+        assert "sonarr" not in discovered

tests/test_refresh.py

@@ -211,8 +211,8 @@ class TestRefreshCommand:
                 return_value=existing_state,
             ),
             patch(
-                "compose_farm.cli.management._discover_stacks",
-                return_value={"plex": "nas02"},  # plex moved to nas02
+                "compose_farm.cli.management._discover_stacks_full",
+                return_value=({"plex": "nas02"}, {}, {}),  # plex moved to nas02
             ),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.management._snapshot_stacks"),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.management.save_state") as mock_save,
@@ -247,8 +247,12 @@ class TestRefreshCommand:
                 return_value=existing_state,
             ),
             patch(
-                "compose_farm.cli.management._discover_stacks",
-                return_value={"plex": "nas01", "grafana": "nas02"},  # jellyfin not running
+                "compose_farm.cli.management._discover_stacks_full",
+                return_value=(
+                    {"plex": "nas01", "grafana": "nas02"},
+                    {},
+                    {},
+                ),  # jellyfin not running
             ),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.management._snapshot_stacks"),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.management.save_state") as mock_save,
@@ -281,8 +285,8 @@ class TestRefreshCommand:
                 return_value=existing_state,
             ),
             patch(
-                "compose_farm.cli.management._discover_stacks",
-                return_value={"plex": "nas01"},  # only plex running
+                "compose_farm.cli.management._discover_stacks_full",
+                return_value=({"plex": "nas01"}, {}, {}),  # only plex running
             ),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.management._snapshot_stacks"),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.management.save_state") as mock_save,
@@ -315,8 +319,8 @@ class TestRefreshCommand:
                 return_value=existing_state,
             ),
             patch(
-                "compose_farm.cli.management._discover_stacks",
-                return_value={"plex": "nas01"},  # jellyfin not running
+                "compose_farm.cli.management._discover_stacks_full",
+                return_value=({"plex": "nas01"}, {}, {}),  # jellyfin not running
             ),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.management._snapshot_stacks"),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.management.save_state") as mock_save,
@@ -350,8 +354,8 @@ class TestRefreshCommand:
                 return_value=existing_state,
             ),
             patch(
-                "compose_farm.cli.management._discover_stacks",
-                return_value={"plex": "nas02"},  # would change
+                "compose_farm.cli.management._discover_stacks_full",
+                return_value=({"plex": "nas02"}, {}, {}),  # would change
             ),
             patch("compose_farm.cli.management.save_state") as mock_save,
         ):

tests/test_traefik.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import yaml
 
 from compose_farm.compose import parse_external_networks
 from compose_farm.config import Config, Host
-from compose_farm.traefik import generate_traefik_config
+from compose_farm.traefik import extract_website_urls, generate_traefik_config
 
 
 def _write_compose(path: Path, data: dict[str, object]) -> None:
@@ -336,3 +336,330 @@ def test_parse_external_networks_missing_compose(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
     networks = parse_external_networks(cfg, "app")
     assert networks == []
+
+
+class TestExtractWebsiteUrls:
+    """Test extract_website_urls function."""
+
+    def _create_config(self, tmp_path: Path) -> Config:
+        """Create a test config."""
+        return Config(
+            compose_dir=tmp_path,
+            hosts={"nas": Host(address="192.168.1.10")},
+            stacks={"mystack": "nas"},
+        )
+
+    def test_extract_https_url(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Extracts HTTPS URL from websecure entrypoint."""
+        stack_dir = tmp_path / "mystack"
+        stack_dir.mkdir()
+        compose_file = stack_dir / "compose.yaml"
+        compose_data = {
+            "services": {
+                "web": {
+                    "image": "nginx",
+                    "labels": {
+                        "traefik.enable": "true",
+                        "traefik.http.routers.web.rule": "Host(`app.example.com`)",
+                        "traefik.http.routers.web.entrypoints": "websecure",
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        compose_file.write_text(yaml.dump(compose_data))
+
+        config = self._create_config(tmp_path)
+        urls = extract_website_urls(config, "mystack")
+        assert urls == ["https://app.example.com"]
+
+    def test_extract_http_url(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Extracts HTTP URL from web entrypoint."""
+        stack_dir = tmp_path / "mystack"
+        stack_dir.mkdir()
+        compose_file = stack_dir / "compose.yaml"
+        compose_data = {
+            "services": {
+                "web": {
+                    "image": "nginx",
+                    "labels": {
+                        "traefik.enable": "true",
+                        "traefik.http.routers.web.rule": "Host(`app.local`)",
+                        "traefik.http.routers.web.entrypoints": "web",
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        compose_file.write_text(yaml.dump(compose_data))
+
+        config = self._create_config(tmp_path)
+        urls = extract_website_urls(config, "mystack")
+        assert urls == ["http://app.local"]
+
+    def test_extract_multiple_urls(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Extracts multiple URLs from different routers."""
+        stack_dir = tmp_path / "mystack"
+        stack_dir.mkdir()
+        compose_file = stack_dir / "compose.yaml"
+        compose_data = {
+            "services": {
+                "web": {
+                    "image": "nginx",
+                    "labels": {
+                        "traefik.enable": "true",
+                        "traefik.http.routers.web.rule": "Host(`app.example.com`)",
+                        "traefik.http.routers.web.entrypoints": "websecure",
+                        "traefik.http.routers.web-local.rule": "Host(`app.local`)",
+                        "traefik.http.routers.web-local.entrypoints": "web",
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        compose_file.write_text(yaml.dump(compose_data))
+
+        config = self._create_config(tmp_path)
+        urls = extract_website_urls(config, "mystack")
+        assert urls == ["http://app.local", "https://app.example.com"]
+
+    def test_https_preferred_over_http(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """HTTPS is preferred when same host has both."""
+        stack_dir = tmp_path / "mystack"
+        stack_dir.mkdir()
+        compose_file = stack_dir / "compose.yaml"
+        # Same host with different entrypoints
+        compose_data = {
+            "services": {
+                "web": {
+                    "image": "nginx",
+                    "labels": {
+                        "traefik.enable": "true",
+                        "traefik.http.routers.web-http.rule": "Host(`app.example.com`)",
+                        "traefik.http.routers.web-http.entrypoints": "web",
+                        "traefik.http.routers.web-https.rule": "Host(`app.example.com`)",
+                        "traefik.http.routers.web-https.entrypoints": "websecure",
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        compose_file.write_text(yaml.dump(compose_data))
+
+        config = self._create_config(tmp_path)
+        urls = extract_website_urls(config, "mystack")
+        assert urls == ["https://app.example.com"]
+
+    def test_traefik_disabled(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Returns empty list when traefik.enable is false."""
+        stack_dir = tmp_path / "mystack"
+        stack_dir.mkdir()
+        compose_file = stack_dir / "compose.yaml"
+        compose_data = {
+            "services": {
+                "web": {
+                    "image": "nginx",
+                    "labels": {
+                        "traefik.enable": "false",
+                        "traefik.http.routers.web.rule": "Host(`app.example.com`)",
+                        "traefik.http.routers.web.entrypoints": "websecure",
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        compose_file.write_text(yaml.dump(compose_data))
+
+        config = self._create_config(tmp_path)
+        urls = extract_website_urls(config, "mystack")
+        assert urls == []
+
+    def test_no_traefik_labels(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Returns empty list when no traefik labels."""
+        stack_dir = tmp_path / "mystack"
+        stack_dir.mkdir()
+        compose_file = stack_dir / "compose.yaml"
+        compose_data = {
+            "services": {
+                "web": {
+                    "image": "nginx",
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        compose_file.write_text(yaml.dump(compose_data))
+
+        config = self._create_config(tmp_path)
+        urls = extract_website_urls(config, "mystack")
+        assert urls == []
+
+    def test_compose_file_not_exists(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Returns empty list when compose file doesn't exist."""
+        config = self._create_config(tmp_path)
+        urls = extract_website_urls(config, "mystack")
+        assert urls == []
+
+    def test_env_variable_interpolation(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Interpolates environment variables in host rule."""
+        stack_dir = tmp_path / "mystack"
+        stack_dir.mkdir()
+        compose_file = stack_dir / "compose.yaml"
+        env_file = stack_dir / ".env"
+
+        env_file.write_text("DOMAIN=example.com\n")
+        compose_data = {
+            "services": {
+                "web": {
+                    "image": "nginx",
+                    "labels": {
+                        "traefik.enable": "true",
+                        "traefik.http.routers.web.rule": "Host(`app.${DOMAIN}`)",
+                        "traefik.http.routers.web.entrypoints": "websecure",
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        compose_file.write_text(yaml.dump(compose_data))
+
+        config = self._create_config(tmp_path)
+        urls = extract_website_urls(config, "mystack")
+        assert urls == ["https://app.example.com"]
+
+    def test_multiple_hosts_in_one_rule_with_or(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Extracts multiple hosts from a single rule with || operator."""
+        stack_dir = tmp_path / "mystack"
+        stack_dir.mkdir()
+        compose_file = stack_dir / "compose.yaml"
+        compose_data = {
+            "services": {
+                "web": {
+                    "image": "nginx",
+                    "labels": {
+                        "traefik.enable": "true",
+                        "traefik.http.routers.web.rule": "Host(`app.example.com`) || Host(`app.backup.com`)",
+                        "traefik.http.routers.web.entrypoints": "websecure",
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        compose_file.write_text(yaml.dump(compose_data))
+
+        config = self._create_config(tmp_path)
+        urls = extract_website_urls(config, "mystack")
+        assert urls == ["https://app.backup.com", "https://app.example.com"]
+
+    def test_host_with_path_prefix(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Extracts host from rule that includes PathPrefix."""
+        stack_dir = tmp_path / "mystack"
+        stack_dir.mkdir()
+        compose_file = stack_dir / "compose.yaml"
+        compose_data = {
+            "services": {
+                "web": {
+                    "image": "nginx",
+                    "labels": {
+                        "traefik.enable": "true",
+                        "traefik.http.routers.web.rule": "Host(`app.example.com`) && PathPrefix(`/api`)",
+                        "traefik.http.routers.web.entrypoints": "websecure",
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        compose_file.write_text(yaml.dump(compose_data))
+
+        config = self._create_config(tmp_path)
+        urls = extract_website_urls(config, "mystack")
+        assert urls == ["https://app.example.com"]
+
+    def test_multiple_services_in_stack(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Extracts URLs from multiple services in one stack (like arr stack)."""
+        stack_dir = tmp_path / "mystack"
+        stack_dir.mkdir()
+        compose_file = stack_dir / "compose.yaml"
+        compose_data = {
+            "services": {
+                "radarr": {
+                    "image": "radarr",
+                    "labels": {
+                        "traefik.enable": "true",
+                        "traefik.http.routers.radarr.rule": "Host(`radarr.example.com`)",
+                        "traefik.http.routers.radarr.entrypoints": "websecure",
+                    },
+                },
+                "sonarr": {
+                    "image": "sonarr",
+                    "labels": {
+                        "traefik.enable": "true",
+                        "traefik.http.routers.sonarr.rule": "Host(`sonarr.example.com`)",
+                        "traefik.http.routers.sonarr.entrypoints": "websecure",
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        }
+        compose_file.write_text(yaml.dump(compose_data))
+
+        config = self._create_config(tmp_path)
+        urls = extract_website_urls(config, "mystack")
+        assert urls == ["https://radarr.example.com", "https://sonarr.example.com"]
+
+    def test_labels_in_list_format(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Handles labels in list format (- key=value)."""
+        stack_dir = tmp_path / "mystack"
+        stack_dir.mkdir()
+        compose_file = stack_dir / "compose.yaml"
+        compose_data = {
+            "services": {
+                "web": {
+                    "image": "nginx",
+                    "labels": [
+                        "traefik.enable=true",
+                        "traefik.http.routers.web.rule=Host(`app.example.com`)",
+                        "traefik.http.routers.web.entrypoints=websecure",
+                    ],
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        compose_file.write_text(yaml.dump(compose_data))
+
+        config = self._create_config(tmp_path)
+        urls = extract_website_urls(config, "mystack")
+        assert urls == ["https://app.example.com"]
+
+    def test_no_entrypoints_defaults_to_http(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """When no entrypoints specified, defaults to http."""
+        stack_dir = tmp_path / "mystack"
+        stack_dir.mkdir()
+        compose_file = stack_dir / "compose.yaml"
+        compose_data = {
+            "services": {
+                "web": {
+                    "image": "nginx",
+                    "labels": {
+                        "traefik.enable": "true",
+                        "traefik.http.routers.web.rule": "Host(`app.example.com`)",
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        compose_file.write_text(yaml.dump(compose_data))
+
+        config = self._create_config(tmp_path)
+        urls = extract_website_urls(config, "mystack")
+        assert urls == ["http://app.example.com"]
+
+    def test_multiple_entrypoints_with_websecure(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """When entrypoints includes websecure, use https."""
+        stack_dir = tmp_path / "mystack"
+        stack_dir.mkdir()
+        compose_file = stack_dir / "compose.yaml"
+        compose_data = {
+            "services": {
+                "web": {
+                    "image": "nginx",
+                    "labels": {
+                        "traefik.enable": "true",
+                        "traefik.http.routers.web.rule": "Host(`app.example.com`)",
+                        "traefik.http.routers.web.entrypoints": "web,websecure",
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        compose_file.write_text(yaml.dump(compose_data))
+
+        config = self._create_config(tmp_path)
+        urls = extract_website_urls(config, "mystack")
+        assert urls == ["https://app.example.com"]

tests/web/test_backup.py

@@ -2,53 +2,65 @@
 
 from pathlib import Path
 
+import pytest
+
 from compose_farm.web.routes.api import _backup_file, _save_with_backup
 
 
-def test_backup_creates_timestamped_file(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-    """Test that backup creates file in .backups with correct content."""
-    test_file = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+@pytest.fixture
+def xdg_backup_dir(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> Path:
+    """Set XDG_CONFIG_HOME to tmp_path and return the backup directory path."""
+    monkeypatch.setenv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", str(tmp_path))
+    return tmp_path / "compose-farm" / "backups"
+
+
+def test_backup_creates_timestamped_file(tmp_path: Path, xdg_backup_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """Test that backup creates file in XDG backup dir with correct content."""
+    test_file = tmp_path / "stacks" / "test.yaml"
+    test_file.parent.mkdir(parents=True)
     test_file.write_text("original content")
 
     backup_path = _backup_file(test_file)
 
     assert backup_path is not None
-    assert backup_path.parent.name == ".backups"
+    assert backup_path.is_relative_to(xdg_backup_dir)
     assert backup_path.name.startswith("test.yaml.")
     assert backup_path.read_text() == "original content"
 
 
-def test_backup_returns_none_for_nonexistent_file(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+def test_backup_returns_none_for_nonexistent_file(tmp_path: Path, xdg_backup_dir: Path) -> None:
     """Test that backup returns None if file doesn't exist."""
     assert _backup_file(tmp_path / "nonexistent.yaml") is None
 
 
-def test_save_creates_new_file(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+def test_save_creates_new_file(tmp_path: Path, xdg_backup_dir: Path) -> None:
     """Test that save creates new file without backup."""
     test_file = tmp_path / "new.yaml"
 
     assert _save_with_backup(test_file, "content") is True
     assert test_file.read_text() == "content"
-    assert not (tmp_path / ".backups").exists()
+    assert not xdg_backup_dir.exists()
 
 
-def test_save_skips_unchanged_content(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+def test_save_skips_unchanged_content(tmp_path: Path, xdg_backup_dir: Path) -> None:
     """Test that save returns False and creates no backup if unchanged."""
     test_file = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
     test_file.write_text("same")
 
     assert _save_with_backup(test_file, "same") is False
-    assert not (tmp_path / ".backups").exists()
+    assert not xdg_backup_dir.exists()
 
 
-def test_save_creates_backup_before_overwrite(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+def test_save_creates_backup_before_overwrite(tmp_path: Path, xdg_backup_dir: Path) -> None:
     """Test that save backs up original before overwriting."""
-    test_file = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+    test_file = tmp_path / "stacks" / "test.yaml"
+    test_file.parent.mkdir(parents=True)
     test_file.write_text("original")
 
     assert _save_with_backup(test_file, "new") is True
     assert test_file.read_text() == "new"
 
-    backups = list((tmp_path / ".backups").glob("test.yaml.*"))
+    # Find backup in XDG dir
+    backups = list(xdg_backup_dir.rglob("test.yaml.*"))
     assert len(backups) == 1
     assert backups[0].read_text() == "original"

tests/web/test_helpers.py

@@ -7,11 +7,58 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 import pytest
 from fastapi import HTTPException
+from pydantic import ValidationError
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from compose_farm.config import Config
 
 
+class TestExtractConfigError:
+    """Tests for extract_config_error helper."""
+
+    def test_validation_error_with_location(self) -> None:
+        from compose_farm.config import Config, Host
+        from compose_farm.web.deps import extract_config_error
+
+        # Trigger a validation error with an extra field
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError) as exc_info:
+            Config(
+                hosts={"server": Host(address="192.168.1.1")},
+                stacks={"app": "server"},
+                unknown_field="bad",  # type: ignore[call-arg]
+            )
+
+        msg = extract_config_error(exc_info.value)
+        assert "unknown_field" in msg
+        assert "Extra inputs are not permitted" in msg
+
+    def test_validation_error_nested_location(self) -> None:
+        from compose_farm.config import Host
+        from compose_farm.web.deps import extract_config_error
+
+        # Trigger a validation error with a nested extra field
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError) as exc_info:
+            Host(address="192.168.1.1", bad_key="value")  # type: ignore[call-arg]
+
+        msg = extract_config_error(exc_info.value)
+        assert "bad_key" in msg
+        assert "Extra inputs are not permitted" in msg
+
+    def test_regular_exception(self) -> None:
+        from compose_farm.web.deps import extract_config_error
+
+        exc = ValueError("Something went wrong")
+        msg = extract_config_error(exc)
+        assert msg == "Something went wrong"
+
+    def test_file_not_found_exception(self) -> None:
+        from compose_farm.web.deps import extract_config_error
+
+        exc = FileNotFoundError("Config file not found")
+        msg = extract_config_error(exc)
+        assert msg == "Config file not found"
+
+
 class TestValidateYaml:
     """Tests for _validate_yaml helper."""
 

tests/web/test_htmx_browser.py

@@ -669,8 +669,8 @@ class TestCommandPalette:
         page.locator("#cmd-input").fill("plex")
         page.keyboard.press("Enter")
 
-        # Palette should close
-        page.wait_for_selector("#cmd-palette:not([open])", timeout=SHORT_TIMEOUT)
+        # Palette should close (use state="hidden" since closed dialog is not visible)
+        page.wait_for_selector("#cmd-palette", state="hidden", timeout=SHORT_TIMEOUT)
 
         # Should navigate to plex stack page
         page.wait_for_url("**/stack/plex", timeout=TIMEOUT)
@@ -699,8 +699,8 @@ class TestCommandPalette:
 
         page.keyboard.press("Escape")
 
-        # Palette should close, URL unchanged
-        page.wait_for_selector("#cmd-palette:not([open])", timeout=SHORT_TIMEOUT)
+        # Palette should close, URL unchanged (use state="hidden" since closed dialog is not visible)
+        page.wait_for_selector("#cmd-palette", state="hidden", timeout=SHORT_TIMEOUT)
         assert page.url.rstrip("/") == server_url.rstrip("/")
 
     def test_fab_button_opens_palette(self, page: Page, server_url: str) -> None:
@@ -1875,6 +1875,47 @@ class TestServicePagePalette:
         cmd_list = page.locator("#cmd-list").inner_text()
         assert "Restart: plex-server" in cmd_list
 
+    def test_shell_commands_in_palette(self, page: Page, server_url: str) -> None:
+        """Command palette includes Shell commands for each service."""
+        page.goto(server_url)
+        page.wait_for_selector("#sidebar-stacks a", timeout=TIMEOUT)
+
+        # Navigate to plex stack
+        page.locator("#sidebar-stacks a", has_text="plex").click()
+        page.wait_for_url("**/stack/plex", timeout=TIMEOUT)
+
+        # Open command palette
+        page.keyboard.press("Control+k")
+        page.wait_for_selector("#cmd-palette[open]", timeout=SHORT_TIMEOUT)
+
+        # Filter to shell commands
+        page.locator("#cmd-input").fill("Shell:")
+        cmd_list = page.locator("#cmd-list").inner_text()
+
+        # Should have Shell commands for plex-server and redis services
+        assert "Shell: plex-server" in cmd_list
+        assert "Shell: redis" in cmd_list
+
+    def test_shell_command_fuzzy_match(self, page: Page, server_url: str) -> None:
+        """Shell commands can be found with fuzzy search."""
+        page.goto(server_url)
+        page.wait_for_selector("#sidebar-stacks a", timeout=TIMEOUT)
+
+        # Navigate to plex stack
+        page.locator("#sidebar-stacks a", has_text="plex").click()
+        page.wait_for_url("**/stack/plex", timeout=TIMEOUT)
+
+        # Open command palette
+        page.keyboard.press("Control+k")
+        page.wait_for_selector("#cmd-palette[open]", timeout=SHORT_TIMEOUT)
+
+        # Type "shell redis" without colon
+        page.locator("#cmd-input").fill("shell redis")
+        cmd_list = page.locator("#cmd-list").inner_text()
+
+        # Should match "Shell: redis"
+        assert "Shell: redis" in cmd_list
+
 
 class TestThemeSwitcher:
     """Test theme switcher via command palette."""

tests/web/test_template_context.py

@@ -84,6 +84,15 @@ class TestPageTemplatesRender:
         assert response.status_code == 200
         assert "test-service" in response.text
 
+    def test_stack_detail_has_containers_data(self, client: TestClient) -> None:
+        """Test stack detail page includes data-containers for command palette shell."""
+        response = client.get("/stack/test-service")
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        # Should have data-containers attribute with JSON
+        assert "data-containers=" in response.text
+        # Container name should follow {project}-{service}-1 pattern
+        assert "test-service-app-1" in response.text
+
 
 class TestPartialTemplatesRender:
     """Test that partial templates render without missing variables."""