Merge branch 'feat/dashboard-v2-variables' into feat/dashboard-v2-variable-selection

Swap the value picker from @signozhq SelectSimple to the shared NewSelect
CustomSelect/CustomMultiSelect, which provide search, the ALL option and
apply-on-close batching (multi-select edits no longer cascade per toggle).
Deliberate exception to the @signozhq-first preference — reuses the existing,
richer variable-selection control.

docs/api/openapi.yml

@@ -409,6 +409,10 @@ components:
       properties:
         duration:
           type: string
+        endTime:
+          format: date-time
+          nullable: true
+          type: string
         repeatOn:
           items:
             $ref: '#/components/schemas/AlertmanagertypesRepeatOn'
@@ -416,7 +420,11 @@ components:
           type: array
         repeatType:
           $ref: '#/components/schemas/AlertmanagertypesRepeatType'
+        startTime:
+          format: date-time
+          type: string
       required:
+      - startTime
       - duration
       - repeatType
       type: object
@@ -450,7 +458,6 @@ components:
           type: string
       required:
       - timezone
-      - startTime
       type: object
     AuthtypesAttributeMapping:
       properties:

frontend/src/api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas.ts

@@ -413,11 +413,21 @@ export interface AlertmanagertypesRecurrenceDTO {
 	 * @type string
 	 */
 	duration: string;
+	/**
+	 * @type string,null
+	 * @format date-time
+	 */
+	endTime?: string | null;
 	/**
 	 * @type array,null
 	 */
 	repeatOn?: AlertmanagertypesRepeatOnDTO[] | null;
 	repeatType: AlertmanagertypesRepeatTypeDTO;
+	/**
+	 * @type string
+	 * @format date-time
+	 */
+	startTime: string;
 }
 
 export interface AlertmanagertypesScheduleDTO {
@@ -431,7 +441,7 @@ export interface AlertmanagertypesScheduleDTO {
 	 * @type string
 	 * @format date-time
 	 */
-	startTime: string;
+	startTime?: string;
 	/**
 	 * @type string
 	 */

frontend/src/container/PlannedDowntime/PlannedDowntimeForm.tsx

@@ -151,11 +151,6 @@ export function PlannedDowntimeForm(
 
 	const saveHandler = useCallback(
 		async (values: PlannedDowntimeFormData) => {
-			const { startTime, timezone } = values;
-			if (!startTime || !timezone) {
-				// unreachable: required fields should always be present on submitting.
-				return;
-			}
 			const data: AlertmanagertypesPostablePlannedMaintenanceDTO = {
 				alertIds:
 					values.alertRuleScope === 'all'
@@ -166,9 +161,9 @@ export function PlannedDowntimeForm(
 				name: values.name,
 				scope: values.scope,
 				schedule: {
-					startTime: startTime.format(),
+					startTime: values.startTime?.format(),
 					endTime: values.endTime?.format(),
-					timezone,
+					timezone: values.timezone!,
 					recurrence: values.recurrence,
 				},
 			};
@@ -205,17 +200,25 @@ export function PlannedDowntimeForm(
 		],
 	);
 	const onFinish = async (values: PlannedDowntimeFormData): Promise<void> => {
-		const rec = values.recurrence;
-		const recurrence =
-			rec && rec.repeatType !== recurrenceOptions.doesNotRepeat.value
-				? {
-						duration: `${rec.duration}${durationUnit}`,
-						repeatOn: rec.repeatOn,
-						repeatType: rec.repeatType,
-					}
-				: undefined;
+		const { recurrence } = values;
+		const recurrenceData =
+			!recurrence ||
+			recurrence.repeatType === recurrenceOptions.doesNotRepeat.value
+				? undefined
+				: {
+						duration: recurrence.duration
+							? `${recurrence.duration}${durationUnit}`
+							: '',
+						startTime: values.startTime!.format(),
+						endTime: values.endTime?.format(),
+						repeatOn: recurrence.repeatOn,
+						repeatType: recurrence.repeatType,
+					};
 
-		await saveHandler({ ...values, recurrence });
+		await saveHandler({
+			...values,
+			recurrence: recurrenceData,
+		});
 	};
 
 	const handleFormData = (data: Partial<PlannedDowntimeFormData>): void => {
@@ -272,6 +275,9 @@ export function PlannedDowntimeForm(
 
 	const formattedInitialValues = useMemo((): PlannedDowntimeFormData => {
 		const { schedule } = initialValues;
+		const startTime = schedule?.recurrence?.startTime || schedule?.startTime;
+		const endTime = schedule?.recurrence?.endTime || schedule?.endTime;
+
 		const initialAlertIds = initialValues.alertIds || [];
 
 		return {
@@ -279,12 +285,8 @@ export function PlannedDowntimeForm(
 			alertRuleScope:
 				isEditMode && initialAlertIds.length === 0 ? 'all' : 'specific',
 			alertRules: getAlertOptionsFromIds(initialAlertIds, alertOptions),
-			startTime: schedule?.startTime
-				? dayjs(schedule.startTime).tz(schedule.timezone)
-				: null,
-			endTime: schedule?.endTime
-				? dayjs(schedule.endTime).tz(schedule.timezone)
-				: null,
+			startTime: startTime ? dayjs(startTime).tz(schedule.timezone) : null,
+			endTime: endTime ? dayjs(endTime).tz(schedule.timezone) : null,
 			recurrence: {
 				...schedule?.recurrence,
 				repeatType: !isScheduleRecurring(schedule)
@@ -295,7 +297,7 @@ export function PlannedDowntimeForm(
 			timezone: schedule?.timezone as string,
 			scope: initialValues.scope || '',
 		};
-	}, [initialValues, isEditMode, alertOptions]);
+	}, [initialValues, alertOptions]);
 
 	useEffect(() => {
 		setSelectedTags(formattedInitialValues.alertRules);
@@ -339,7 +341,7 @@ export function PlannedDowntimeForm(
 		const formattedEndTime = endTime.format(TIME_FORMAT);
 		const formattedEndDate = endTime.format(DATE_FORMAT);
 		return `Scheduled to end maintenance on ${formattedEndDate} at ${formattedEndTime}.`;
-	}, [formData]);
+	}, [formData, recurrenceType]);
 
 	return (
 		<Modal

frontend/src/container/PlannedDowntime/PlannedDowntimeList.tsx

@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ export function CollapseListContent({
 	updated_by_name?: string;
 	alertOptions?: DefaultOptionType[];
 }): JSX.Element {
+	const repeats = schedule?.recurrence;
 	const renderItems = (title: string, value: ReactNode): JSX.Element => (
 		<div className="render-item-collapse-list">
 			<Typography>{title}</Typography>
@@ -192,7 +193,10 @@ export function CollapseListContent({
 				'Timezone',
 				<Typography>{schedule?.timezone || '-'}</Typography>,
 			)}
-			{renderItems('Repeats', <Typography>{recurrenceInfo(schedule)}</Typography>)}
+			{renderItems(
+				'Repeats',
+				<Typography>{recurrenceInfo(repeats, schedule?.timezone)}</Typography>,
+			)}
 			{renderItems(
 				'Alerts silenced',
 				alertOptions?.length ? (

frontend/src/container/PlannedDowntime/PlannedDowntimeutils.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import type {
 	DeleteDowntimeScheduleByIDPathParameters,
 	RenderErrorResponseDTO,
 	AlertmanagertypesPlannedMaintenanceDTO,
-	AlertmanagertypesScheduleDTO,
+	AlertmanagertypesRecurrenceDTO,
 } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import type { ErrorType } from 'api/generatedAPIInstance';
 import { AxiosError } from 'axios';
@@ -66,17 +66,14 @@ export const getAlertOptionsFromIds = (
 	);
 
 export const recurrenceInfo = (
-	schedule?: AlertmanagertypesScheduleDTO | null,
+	recurrence?: AlertmanagertypesRecurrenceDTO | null,
+	timezone?: string,
 ): string => {
-	if (!schedule) {
-		return 'No';
-	}
-	const { startTime, endTime, timezone, recurrence } = schedule;
 	if (!recurrence) {
 		return 'No';
 	}
 
-	const { duration, repeatOn, repeatType } = recurrence;
+	const { startTime, duration, repeatOn, repeatType, endTime } = recurrence;
 
 	const formattedStartTime = startTime
 		? formatDateTime(startTime, timezone)
@@ -98,7 +95,7 @@ export const defaultInitialValues: Partial<AlertmanagertypesPlannedMaintenanceDT
 			timezone: '',
 			endTime: undefined,
 			recurrence: undefined,
-			startTime: '',
+			startTime: undefined,
 		},
 		alertIds: [],
 		createdAt: undefined,

frontend/src/container/PlannedDowntime/__test__/testUtils.ts

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ export const buildSchedule = (
 	schedule: Partial<AlertmanagertypesScheduleDTO>,
 ): AlertmanagertypesScheduleDTO => ({
 	timezone: schedule?.timezone ?? '',
-	startTime: schedule?.startTime ?? '',
+	startTime: schedule?.startTime,
 	endTime: schedule?.endTime,
 	recurrence: schedule?.recurrence,
 });

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/DashboardSettings/Variables/VariableForm/DynamicVariableFields.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+import { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react';
+import { SelectSimple } from '@signozhq/ui/select';
+import { Typography } from '@signozhq/ui/typography';
+import cx from 'classnames';
+// eslint-disable-next-line signoz/no-antd-components -- searchable async select: no @signozhq/ui equivalent
+import { Select } from 'antd';
+import { useGetFieldKeys } from 'hooks/dynamicVariables/useGetFieldKeys';
+import { useGetFieldValues } from 'hooks/dynamicVariables/useGetFieldValues';
+import useDebounce from 'hooks/useDebounce';
+
+import { TELEMETRY_SIGNALS, type TelemetrySignal } from '../variableModel';
+import styles from './VariableForm.module.scss';
+
+interface DynamicVariableFieldsProps {
+	attribute: string;
+	signal: TelemetrySignal;
+	onChange: (patch: {
+		dynamicAttribute?: string;
+		dynamicSignal?: TelemetrySignal;
+	}) => void;
+	onPreview: (values: (string | number)[]) => void;
+}
+
+/** Dynamic-variable body: telemetry signal + field, whose live values preview. */
+function DynamicVariableFields({
+	attribute,
+	signal,
+	onChange,
+	onPreview,
+}: DynamicVariableFieldsProps): JSX.Element {
+	const [search, setSearch] = useState('');
+	const debouncedSearch = useDebounce(search, 300);
+
+	const { data: keyData, isLoading } = useGetFieldKeys({
+		signal,
+		name: debouncedSearch || undefined,
+	});
+
+	// `keys` is a Record keyed BY field name; the field names are the map keys.
+	// When the API reports the list is `complete`, search filters locally.
+	const isComplete = keyData?.data?.complete === true;
+	const options = useMemo(
+		() =>
+			Object.keys(keyData?.data?.keys ?? {}).map((name) => ({
+				label: name,
+				value: name,
+			})),
+		[keyData],
+	);
+
+	const { data: valueData } = useGetFieldValues({
+		signal,
+		name: attribute,
+		enabled: !!attribute,
+	});
+
+	useEffect(() => {
+		const payload = valueData?.data;
+		const values =
+			payload?.normalizedValues ?? payload?.values?.StringValues ?? [];
+		onPreview(values);
+		// eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
+	}, [valueData]);
+
+	return (
+		<>
+			<div className={cx(styles.row, styles.sortSection)}>
+				<div className={styles.labelContainer}>
+					<Typography.Text className={styles.label}>Source</Typography.Text>
+				</div>
+				<SelectSimple
+					className={styles.sortSelect}
+					value={signal}
+					items={TELEMETRY_SIGNALS.map((s) => ({ label: s, value: s }))}
+					onChange={(value): void =>
+						onChange({ dynamicSignal: value as TelemetrySignal })
+					}
+					testId="variable-signal-select"
+				/>
+			</div>
+			<div className={cx(styles.row, styles.sortSection)}>
+				<div className={styles.labelContainer}>
+					<Typography.Text className={styles.label}>Attribute</Typography.Text>
+				</div>
+				<Select
+					className={styles.searchSelect}
+					showSearch
+					value={attribute || undefined}
+					placeholder="Select a telemetry field"
+					loading={isLoading}
+					filterOption={isComplete}
+					onSearch={setSearch}
+					onChange={(value): void => onChange({ dynamicAttribute: value as string })}
+					options={options}
+					notFoundContent={isLoading ? 'Loading…' : 'No fields found'}
+					data-testid="variable-field-select"
+				/>
+			</div>
+		</>
+	);
+}
+
+export default DynamicVariableFields;

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/DashboardSettings/Variables/VariableForm/QueryVariableFields.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+import { useState } from 'react';
+import { Button } from '@signozhq/ui/button';
+import { Typography } from '@signozhq/ui/typography';
+import dashboardVariablesQuery from 'api/dashboard/variables/dashboardVariablesQuery';
+import Editor from 'components/Editor';
+import sortValues from 'lib/dashboardVariables/sortVariableValues';
+
+import type { VariableSort } from '../variableModel';
+import styles from './VariableForm.module.scss';
+
+interface QueryVariableFieldsProps {
+	queryValue: string;
+	sort: VariableSort;
+	onChange: (queryValue: string) => void;
+	onPreview: (values: (string | number)[]) => void;
+	onError: (message: string | null) => void;
+}
+
+/** Query-variable body: SQL editor + "Test Run Query" that previews the values. */
+function QueryVariableFields({
+	queryValue,
+	sort,
+	onChange,
+	onPreview,
+	onError,
+}: QueryVariableFieldsProps): JSX.Element {
+	const [isRunning, setIsRunning] = useState(false);
+
+	const runTest = async (): Promise<void> => {
+		setIsRunning(true);
+		onError(null);
+		try {
+			const res = await dashboardVariablesQuery({
+				query: queryValue,
+				variables: {},
+			});
+			if (res.statusCode === 200 && res.payload) {
+				onPreview(
+					sortValues(res.payload.variableValues ?? [], sort) as (string | number)[],
+				);
+			} else {
+				onError(res.error || 'Failed to run query');
+				onPreview([]);
+			}
+		} catch (err) {
+			onError((err as Error).message || 'Failed to run query');
+			onPreview([]);
+		} finally {
+			setIsRunning(false);
+		}
+	};
+
+	return (
+		<div className={styles.queryContainer}>
+			<div className={styles.labelContainer}>
+				<Typography.Text className={styles.label}>Query</Typography.Text>
+			</div>
+			<div className={styles.editorWrap}>
+				<Editor
+					language="sql"
+					value={queryValue}
+					onChange={(value): void => onChange(value)}
+					height="240px"
+					options={{
+						fontSize: 13,
+						wordWrap: 'on',
+						lineNumbers: 'off',
+						glyphMargin: false,
+						folding: false,
+						lineDecorationsWidth: 0,
+						lineNumbersMinChars: 0,
+						minimap: { enabled: false },
+					}}
+				/>
+			</div>
+			<div className={styles.testRow}>
+				<Button
+					variant="solid"
+					color="primary"
+					size="sm"
+					loading={isRunning}
+					disabled={!queryValue}
+					onClick={runTest}
+					testId="variable-test-run"
+				>
+					Test Run Query
+				</Button>
+			</div>
+		</div>
+	);
+}
+
+export default QueryVariableFields;

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/DashboardSettings/Variables/VariableForm/VariableForm.module.scss

@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+/* Faithful reproduction of the V1 VariableItem layout, scoped as a module and
+   built on @signozhq components where possible. antd is retained only for the
+   monaco Editor, multiline TextArea, Collapse, and searchable Selects. */
+
+.container {
+	display: flex;
+	flex-direction: column;
+	border: 1px solid var(--l1-border);
+	border-radius: 3px;
+}
+
+.allVariables {
+	display: flex;
+	align-items: center;
+	gap: 8px;
+	padding: 10px 16px;
+	border-bottom: 1px solid var(--l1-border);
+}
+
+.allVariablesBtn {
+	--button-height: 24px;
+	--button-padding: 0;
+	color: var(--muted-foreground);
+}
+
+.content {
+	display: flex;
+	flex-direction: column;
+	gap: 20px;
+	padding: 12px 16px 20px;
+}
+
+/* VariableItemRow */
+.row {
+	display: flex;
+	gap: 1rem;
+	margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+/* LabelContainer */
+.labelContainer {
+	width: 200px;
+}
+
+.label {
+	color: var(--l2-foreground);
+	font-family: Inter;
+	font-size: 14px;
+	font-weight: 400;
+	line-height: 20px;
+}
+
+.column {
+	flex-direction: column;
+	gap: 8px;
+}
+
+.input,
+.textarea,
+.defaultInput {
+	padding: 6px 6px 6px 8px;
+	border: 1px solid var(--l1-border);
+	border-radius: 2px;
+	background: var(--l3-background);
+}
+
+.input,
+.textarea {
+	width: 100%;
+}
+
+.defaultInput {
+	width: 342px;
+}
+
+.errorText {
+	font-size: 12px;
+	color: var(--bg-amber-500);
+}
+
+/* Variable type segmented group */
+.typeSection {
+	align-items: center;
+	justify-content: space-between;
+}
+
+.typeLabelContainer {
+	display: flex;
+	align-items: center;
+	gap: 8px;
+	width: auto;
+}
+
+.typeBtnGroup {
+	display: grid;
+	grid-template-columns: repeat(4, max-content);
+	height: 32px;
+	flex-shrink: 0;
+	border: 1px solid var(--l1-border);
+	border-radius: 2px;
+	background: var(--l2-background);
+	box-shadow: 0 0 8px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
+}
+
+.typeBtn {
+	--button-height: 32px;
+	display: flex;
+	align-items: center;
+	justify-content: center;
+	gap: 4px;
+	min-width: 114px;
+	border-radius: 0;
+	color: var(--l2-foreground);
+
+	& + & {
+		border-left: 1px solid var(--l1-border);
+	}
+}
+
+.typeBtnSelected {
+	background: var(--l1-border);
+	color: var(--l1-foreground);
+}
+
+.betaTag {
+	margin-left: 4px;
+}
+
+/* Query */
+.queryContainer {
+	display: flex;
+	flex-flow: column wrap;
+	gap: 1rem;
+	min-width: 0;
+	margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+.editorWrap {
+	height: 240px;
+	overflow: hidden;
+	border: 1px solid var(--l1-border);
+	border-radius: 2px;
+}
+
+.testRow {
+	display: flex;
+	margin-top: 8px;
+}
+
+/* Custom — antd Collapse */
+.customSection {
+	margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+.customSection :global(.custom-collapse) {
+	width: 100%;
+	border: 1px solid var(--l1-border);
+	border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;
+
+	:global(.ant-collapse-item) {
+		border-bottom: none;
+	}
+
+	:global(.ant-collapse-header) {
+		align-items: center;
+		gap: 8px;
+		height: 38px;
+		padding: 12px;
+		background: var(--l3-background);
+		border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;
+	}
+
+	:global(.ant-collapse-header-text) {
+		display: flex;
+		align-items: center;
+		gap: 10px;
+		padding: 1px 2px;
+		color: var(--bg-robin-400);
+		font-family: 'Space Mono';
+		font-size: 14px;
+		line-height: 18px;
+		border-radius: 2px;
+		background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-robin-400) 8%, transparent);
+	}
+
+	:global(.ant-collapse-content-box) {
+		padding: 0;
+	}
+
+	:global(.comma-input) {
+		height: 109px;
+		border: none;
+	}
+}
+
+/* Textbox */
+.textboxSection {
+	align-items: center;
+	justify-content: space-between;
+	margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+/* Preview strip */
+.previewSection {
+	display: flex;
+	flex-direction: column;
+	gap: 8px;
+	min-height: 88px;
+	margin-bottom: 0;
+	padding-bottom: 8px;
+	border: 1px solid var(--l1-border);
+	border-radius: 3px;
+}
+
+.previewLabel {
+	align-self: flex-start;
+	display: inline-flex;
+	align-items: center;
+	gap: 10px;
+	padding: 4px 8px;
+	color: var(--bg-robin-400);
+	font-family: 'Space Mono';
+	font-size: 14px;
+	line-height: 18px;
+	border-radius: 3px 0 2px;
+	background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-robin-400) 8%, transparent);
+}
+
+.previewValues {
+	display: flex;
+	flex-flow: wrap;
+	gap: 8px;
+	padding: 4.5px 11px;
+	overflow-y: auto;
+}
+
+.previewValues [data-slot='badge'] {
+	height: 30px;
+	align-items: center;
+	color: var(--l1-foreground);
+	font-family: 'Space Mono';
+	font-size: 14px;
+	border: 1px solid var(--l1-border);
+	border-radius: 2px;
+}
+
+.previewError {
+	color: var(--bg-amber-500);
+}
+
+/* Sort / multi / all / default rows */
+.sortSection,
+.multiSection,
+.allOptionSection,
+.dynamicSection {
+	align-items: flex-start;
+	justify-content: space-between;
+	margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+.sortSection {
+	align-items: center;
+}
+
+.rowLabel {
+	width: 339px;
+	color: var(--l2-foreground);
+	font-family: Inter;
+	font-size: 14px;
+	line-height: 20px;
+	letter-spacing: -0.07px;
+}
+
+.sortSelect {
+	width: 192px;
+}
+
+.defaultValueSection {
+	display: grid;
+	grid-template-columns: max-content 1fr;
+	gap: 1rem;
+	align-items: center;
+	margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+.defaultValueSection .label {
+	display: block;
+	margin-bottom: 2px;
+}
+
+.defaultValueDesc {
+	display: block;
+	color: var(--l2-foreground);
+	font-family: Inter;
+	font-size: 11px;
+	line-height: 18px;
+	letter-spacing: -0.06px;
+}
+
+.searchSelect {
+	width: 100%;
+}
+
+/* Footer */
+.footer {
+	display: flex;
+	justify-content: flex-end;
+	gap: 1rem;
+	margin-top: 12px;
+}

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/DashboardSettings/Variables/VariableForm/VariableForm.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+import { ArrowLeft, Check, X } from '@signozhq/icons';
+import { Badge } from '@signozhq/ui/badge';
+import { Button } from '@signozhq/ui/button';
+import { Input } from '@signozhq/ui/input';
+import { SelectSimple } from '@signozhq/ui/select';
+import { Switch } from '@signozhq/ui/switch';
+import { Typography } from '@signozhq/ui/typography';
+import cx from 'classnames';
+// eslint-disable-next-line signoz/no-antd-components -- TextArea/Collapse/searchable Select: no @signozhq/ui equivalent
+import { Collapse, Input as AntdInput, Select } from 'antd';
+import { commaValuesParser } from 'lib/dashboardVariables/customCommaValuesParser';
+import sortValues from 'lib/dashboardVariables/sortVariableValues';
+
+import {
+	VARIABLE_SORTS,
+	type VariableFormModel,
+	type VariableSort,
+	type VariableType,
+} from '../variableModel';
+import DynamicVariableFields from './DynamicVariableFields';
+import QueryVariableFields from './QueryVariableFields';
+import VariableTypeSelector from './VariableTypeSelector';
+import styles from './VariableForm.module.scss';
+
+const SORT_LABEL: Record<VariableSort, string> = {
+	DISABLED: 'Disabled',
+	ASC: 'Ascending',
+	DESC: 'Descending',
+};
+
+function getNameError(name: string, existingNames: string[]): string | null {
+	if (name === '') {
+		return 'Variable name is required';
+	}
+	if (/\s/.test(name)) {
+		return 'Variable name cannot contain whitespaces';
+	}
+	if (existingNames.includes(name)) {
+		return 'Variable name already exists';
+	}
+	return null;
+}
+
+interface VariableFormProps {
+	initial: VariableFormModel;
+	/** Names of the other variables, for uniqueness validation. */
+	existingNames: string[];
+	isSaving: boolean;
+	onClose: () => void;
+	onSave: (model: VariableFormModel) => void;
+}
+
+/**
+ * In-drawer variable editor reproducing the V1 VariableItem layout, built on
+ * @signozhq components (antd kept only for the monaco editor, TextArea, Collapse
+ * and searchable selects). Master→detail: renders in place of the list.
+ */
+function VariableForm({
+	initial,
+	existingNames,
+	isSaving,
+	onClose,
+	onSave,
+}: VariableFormProps): JSX.Element {
+	const [model, setModel] = useState<VariableFormModel>(initial);
+	const [previewValues, setPreviewValues] = useState<(string | number)[]>([]);
+	const [previewError, setPreviewError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+	const [defaultValue, setDefaultValue] = useState<string>(
+		((initial.defaultValue as { value?: string })?.value ?? '') as string,
+	);
+
+	useEffect(() => {
+		setModel(initial);
+		setPreviewValues([]);
+		setPreviewError(null);
+		setDefaultValue(
+			((initial.defaultValue as { value?: string })?.value ?? '') as string,
+		);
+	}, [initial]);
+
+	const set = (patch: Partial<VariableFormModel>): void =>
+		setModel((prev) => ({ ...prev, ...patch }));
+
+	const selectType = (type: VariableType): void => {
+		set({ type });
+		setPreviewValues([]);
+		setPreviewError(null);
+	};
+
+	const onCustomChange = (value: string): void => {
+		set({ customValue: value });
+		setPreviewValues(
+			sortValues(commaValuesParser(value), model.sort) as (string | number)[],
+		);
+	};
+
+	const trimmedName = model.name.trim();
+	const nameError = getNameError(trimmedName, existingNames);
+
+	const isListType =
+		model.type === 'QUERY' || model.type === 'CUSTOM' || model.type === 'DYNAMIC';
+	const showAllOptionField = model.type === 'QUERY' || model.type === 'CUSTOM';
+
+	const handleSave = (): void => {
+		onSave({
+			...model,
+			name: trimmedName,
+			defaultValue: defaultValue ? { value: defaultValue } : undefined,
+		});
+	};
+
+	return (
+		<>
+			<div className={styles.container}>
+				<div className={styles.allVariables}>
+					<Button
+						variant="ghost"
+						color="secondary"
+						className={styles.allVariablesBtn}
+						prefix={<ArrowLeft size={14} />}
+						onClick={onClose}
+						testId="variable-form-back"
+					>
+						All variables
+					</Button>
+				</div>
+
+				<div className={styles.content}>
+					{/* Name */}
+					<div className={cx(styles.row, styles.column)}>
+						<Typography.Text className={styles.label}>Name</Typography.Text>
+						<Input
+							className={styles.input}
+							value={model.name}
+							placeholder="Unique name of the variable"
+							onChange={(e): void => set({ name: e.target.value })}
+							testId="variable-name-input"
+						/>
+						{nameError ? (
+							<Typography.Text className={styles.errorText}>
+								{nameError}
+							</Typography.Text>
+						) : null}
+					</div>
+
+					{/* Description */}
+					<div className={cx(styles.row, styles.column)}>
+						<Typography.Text className={styles.label}>Description</Typography.Text>
+						<AntdInput.TextArea
+							className={styles.textarea}
+							value={model.description}
+							placeholder="Enter a description for the variable"
+							rows={3}
+							onChange={(e): void => set({ description: e.target.value })}
+							data-testid="variable-description-input"
+						/>
+					</div>
+
+					{/* Variable Type */}
+					<VariableTypeSelector value={model.type} onChange={selectType} />
+
+					{/* Type-specific body */}
+					{model.type === 'DYNAMIC' ? (
+						<DynamicVariableFields
+							attribute={model.dynamicAttribute}
+							signal={model.dynamicSignal}
+							onChange={(patch): void => set(patch)}
+							onPreview={setPreviewValues}
+						/>
+					) : null}
+
+					{model.type === 'QUERY' ? (
+						<QueryVariableFields
+							queryValue={model.queryValue}
+							sort={model.sort}
+							onChange={(queryValue): void => set({ queryValue })}
+							onPreview={setPreviewValues}
+							onError={setPreviewError}
+						/>
+					) : null}
+
+					{model.type === 'CUSTOM' ? (
+						<div className={cx(styles.row, styles.customSection)}>
+							<Collapse
+								collapsible="header"
+								rootClassName="custom-collapse"
+								defaultActiveKey={['1']}
+								items={[
+									{
+										key: '1',
+										label: 'Options',
+										children: (
+											<AntdInput.TextArea
+												value={model.customValue}
+												placeholder="Enter options separated by commas."
+												rootClassName="comma-input"
+												onChange={(e): void => onCustomChange(e.target.value)}
+												data-testid="variable-custom-input"
+											/>
+										),
+									},
+								]}
+							/>
+						</div>
+					) : null}
+
+					{model.type === 'TEXT' ? (
+						<div className={cx(styles.row, styles.textboxSection)}>
+							<div className={styles.labelContainer}>
+								<Typography.Text className={styles.label}>
+									Default Value
+								</Typography.Text>
+							</div>
+							<Input
+								className={styles.defaultInput}
+								value={model.textValue}
+								placeholder="Enter a default value (if any)..."
+								onChange={(e): void => set({ textValue: e.target.value })}
+								testId="variable-text-input"
+							/>
+						</div>
+					) : null}
+
+					{/* Shared rows for list-type variables */}
+					{isListType ? (
+						<>
+							<div className={cx(styles.row, styles.previewSection)}>
+								<Typography.Text className={styles.previewLabel}>
+									Preview of Values
+								</Typography.Text>
+								<div className={styles.previewValues}>
+									{previewError ? (
+										<Typography.Text className={styles.previewError}>
+											{previewError}
+										</Typography.Text>
+									) : (
+										previewValues.map((value, idx) => (
+											<Badge
+												// eslint-disable-next-line react/no-array-index-key -- preview values are display-only and may contain duplicates
+												key={`${value}-${idx}`}
+												color="vanilla"
+											>
+												{value.toString()}
+											</Badge>
+										))
+									)}
+								</div>
+							</div>
+
+							<div className={cx(styles.row, styles.sortSection)}>
+								<div className={styles.labelContainer}>
+									<Typography.Text className={styles.label}>Sort Values</Typography.Text>
+								</div>
+								<SelectSimple
+									className={styles.sortSelect}
+									value={model.sort}
+									items={VARIABLE_SORTS.map((sort) => ({
+										label: SORT_LABEL[sort],
+										value: sort,
+									}))}
+									onChange={(value): void => set({ sort: value as VariableSort })}
+									testId="variable-sort-select"
+								/>
+							</div>
+
+							<div className={cx(styles.row, styles.multiSection)}>
+								<Typography.Text className={styles.rowLabel}>
+									Enable multiple values to be checked
+								</Typography.Text>
+								<Switch
+									value={model.multiSelect}
+									onChange={(checked): void => {
+										set({
+											multiSelect: checked,
+											showAllOption: checked ? model.showAllOption : false,
+										});
+									}}
+									testId="variable-multi-switch"
+								/>
+							</div>
+
+							{model.multiSelect && showAllOptionField ? (
+								<div className={cx(styles.row, styles.allOptionSection)}>
+									<Typography.Text className={styles.rowLabel}>
+										Include an option for ALL values
+									</Typography.Text>
+									<Switch
+										value={model.showAllOption}
+										onChange={(checked): void => set({ showAllOption: checked })}
+										testId="variable-all-switch"
+									/>
+								</div>
+							) : null}
+
+							<div className={cx(styles.row, styles.defaultValueSection)}>
+								<div className={styles.labelContainer}>
+									<Typography.Text className={styles.label}>
+										Default Value
+									</Typography.Text>
+									<Typography.Text className={styles.defaultValueDesc}>
+										{model.type === 'QUERY'
+											? 'Click Test Run Query to see the values or add custom value'
+											: 'Select a value from the preview values or add custom value'}
+									</Typography.Text>
+								</div>
+								<Select
+									className={styles.searchSelect}
+									showSearch
+									allowClear
+									placeholder="Select a default value"
+									value={defaultValue || undefined}
+									onChange={(value): void => setDefaultValue(value ?? '')}
+									options={previewValues.map((value) => ({
+										label: value.toString(),
+										value: value.toString(),
+									}))}
+									data-testid="variable-default-select"
+								/>
+							</div>
+						</>
+					) : null}
+				</div>
+			</div>
+
+			<div className={styles.footer}>
+				<Button
+					variant="solid"
+					color="secondary"
+					prefix={<X size={14} />}
+					onClick={onClose}
+				>
+					Discard
+				</Button>
+				<Button
+					variant="solid"
+					color="primary"
+					prefix={<Check size={14} />}
+					disabled={!!nameError}
+					loading={isSaving}
+					onClick={handleSave}
+					testId="variable-save"
+				>
+					Save Variable
+				</Button>
+			</div>
+		</>
+	);
+}
+
+export default VariableForm;

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/DashboardSettings/Variables/VariableForm/VariableTypeSelector.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+import {
+	ClipboardType,
+	DatabaseZap,
+	Info,
+	LayoutList,
+	Pyramid,
+} from '@signozhq/icons';
+import { Badge } from '@signozhq/ui/badge';
+import { Button } from '@signozhq/ui/button';
+import { Typography } from '@signozhq/ui/typography';
+import cx from 'classnames';
+import TextToolTip from 'components/TextToolTip';
+
+import type { VariableType } from '../variableModel';
+import styles from './VariableForm.module.scss';
+
+interface VariableTypeSelectorProps {
+	value: VariableType;
+	onChange: (type: VariableType) => void;
+}
+
+/** The segmented Dynamic / Textbox / Custom / Query type picker. */
+function VariableTypeSelector({
+	value,
+	onChange,
+}: VariableTypeSelectorProps): JSX.Element {
+	return (
+		<div className={cx(styles.row, styles.typeSection)}>
+			<div className={styles.typeLabelContainer}>
+				<Typography.Text className={styles.label}>Variable Type</Typography.Text>
+				<TextToolTip
+					text="Learn more about supported variable types"
+					url="https://signoz.io/docs/userguide/manage-variables/#supported-variable-types"
+					urlText="here"
+					useFilledIcon={false}
+					outlinedIcon={<Info size={14} />}
+				/>
+			</div>
+			<div className={styles.typeBtnGroup}>
+				<Button
+					variant="ghost"
+					color="secondary"
+					prefix={<Pyramid size={14} />}
+					className={cx(styles.typeBtn, {
+						[styles.typeBtnSelected]: value === 'DYNAMIC',
+					})}
+					onClick={(): void => onChange('DYNAMIC')}
+					testId="variable-type-dynamic"
+				>
+					Dynamic
+					<Badge color="robin" className={styles.betaTag}>
+						Beta
+					</Badge>
+				</Button>
+				<Button
+					variant="ghost"
+					color="secondary"
+					prefix={<ClipboardType size={14} />}
+					className={cx(styles.typeBtn, {
+						[styles.typeBtnSelected]: value === 'TEXT',
+					})}
+					onClick={(): void => onChange('TEXT')}
+					testId="variable-type-textbox"
+				>
+					Textbox
+				</Button>
+				<Button
+					variant="ghost"
+					color="secondary"
+					prefix={<LayoutList size={14} />}
+					className={cx(styles.typeBtn, {
+						[styles.typeBtnSelected]: value === 'CUSTOM',
+					})}
+					onClick={(): void => onChange('CUSTOM')}
+					testId="variable-type-custom"
+				>
+					Custom
+				</Button>
+				<Button
+					variant="ghost"
+					color="secondary"
+					prefix={<DatabaseZap size={14} />}
+					className={cx(styles.typeBtn, {
+						[styles.typeBtnSelected]: value === 'QUERY',
+					})}
+					onClick={(): void => onChange('QUERY')}
+					testId="variable-type-query"
+				>
+					Query
+					<Badge color="amber" className={styles.betaTag}>
+						Not Recommended
+					</Badge>
+				</Button>
+			</div>
+		</div>
+	);
+}
+
+export default VariableTypeSelector;

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/DashboardSettings/Variables/Variables.module.scss

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+.container {
+	display: flex;
+	flex-direction: column;
+	gap: 16px;
+	padding: 20px 16px;
+}
+
+.header {
+	display: flex;
+	align-items: flex-start;
+	justify-content: space-between;
+	gap: 16px;
+}
+
+.titleRow {
+	display: flex;
+	align-items: baseline;
+	flex-wrap: wrap;
+	gap: 8px;
+}
+
+.title {
+	font-size: 14px;
+	font-weight: 500;
+	color: var(--l1-foreground);
+}
+
+.subtitle {
+	font-size: 12px;
+	color: var(--l2-foreground);
+}
+
+.empty {
+	padding: 32px;
+	text-align: center;
+	border: 1px dashed var(--l1-border);
+	border-radius: 4px;
+	color: var(--l2-foreground);
+}
+
+.list {
+	display: flex;
+	flex-direction: column;
+	gap: 8px;
+}
+
+.row {
+	display: flex;
+	align-items: center;
+	justify-content: space-between;
+	gap: 12px;
+	padding: 10px 12px;
+	border: 1px solid var(--l1-border);
+	border-radius: 4px;
+	background: var(--l1-background);
+}
+
+.rowMain {
+	display: flex;
+	align-items: center;
+	gap: 10px;
+	min-width: 0;
+}
+
+.varName {
+	font-weight: 500;
+	color: var(--l1-foreground);
+}
+
+.varDesc {
+	min-width: 0;
+	overflow: hidden;
+	font-size: 12px;
+	color: var(--l2-foreground);
+	text-overflow: ellipsis;
+	white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+.typeTag {
+	flex-shrink: 0;
+	padding: 1px 8px;
+	font-size: 11px;
+	letter-spacing: 0.04em;
+	color: var(--l2-foreground);
+	text-transform: uppercase;
+	background: var(--l2-background);
+	border-radius: 10px;
+}
+
+.rowActions {
+	display: flex;
+	flex-shrink: 0;
+	align-items: center;
+	gap: 2px;
+}
+
+.confirmText {
+	margin-right: 4px;
+	font-size: 12px;
+	color: var(--l2-foreground);
+}

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/DashboardSettings/Variables/VariablesList.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+import {
+	Check,
+	ChevronDown,
+	ChevronUp,
+	PenLine,
+	Trash2,
+	X,
+} from '@signozhq/icons';
+import { Button } from '@signozhq/ui/button';
+import { Typography } from '@signozhq/ui/typography';
+
+import type { VariableFormModel } from './variableModel';
+import styles from './Variables.module.scss';
+
+const TYPE_LABEL: Record<VariableFormModel['type'], string> = {
+	QUERY: 'Query',
+	CUSTOM: 'Custom',
+	TEXT: 'Text',
+	DYNAMIC: 'Dynamic',
+};
+
+interface VariablesListProps {
+	variables: VariableFormModel[];
+	canEdit: boolean;
+	/** Index whose delete is awaiting inline confirmation, if any. */
+	confirmingIndex: number | null;
+	onEdit: (index: number) => void;
+	onRequestDelete: (index: number) => void;
+	onConfirmDelete: (index: number) => void;
+	onCancelDelete: () => void;
+	onMove: (from: number, to: number) => void;
+}
+
+function VariablesList({
+	variables,
+	canEdit,
+	confirmingIndex,
+	onEdit,
+	onRequestDelete,
+	onConfirmDelete,
+	onCancelDelete,
+	onMove,
+}: VariablesListProps): JSX.Element {
+	return (
+		<div className={styles.list} data-testid="variables-list">
+			{variables.map((variable, index) => (
+				<div
+					className={styles.row}
+					key={variable.name || `variable-${index}`}
+					data-testid={`variable-row-${variable.name}`}
+				>
+					<div className={styles.rowMain}>
+						<Typography.Text className={styles.varName}>
+							${variable.name}
+						</Typography.Text>
+						<span className={styles.typeTag}>{TYPE_LABEL[variable.type]}</span>
+						{variable.description ? (
+							<Typography.Text className={styles.varDesc}>
+								{variable.description}
+							</Typography.Text>
+						) : null}
+					</div>
+
+					{canEdit && confirmingIndex === index ? (
+						<div className={styles.rowActions}>
+							<Typography.Text className={styles.confirmText}>Delete?</Typography.Text>
+							<Button
+								variant="ghost"
+								color="destructive"
+								size="icon"
+								onClick={(): void => onConfirmDelete(index)}
+								aria-label="Confirm delete"
+								testId={`variable-delete-confirm-${variable.name}`}
+							>
+								<Check size={14} />
+							</Button>
+							<Button
+								variant="ghost"
+								color="secondary"
+								size="icon"
+								onClick={onCancelDelete}
+								aria-label="Cancel delete"
+							>
+								<X size={14} />
+							</Button>
+						</div>
+					) : null}
+
+					{canEdit && confirmingIndex !== index ? (
+						<div className={styles.rowActions}>
+							<Button
+								variant="ghost"
+								color="secondary"
+								size="icon"
+								disabled={index === 0}
+								onClick={(): void => onMove(index, index - 1)}
+								aria-label="Move up"
+							>
+								<ChevronUp size={14} />
+							</Button>
+							<Button
+								variant="ghost"
+								color="secondary"
+								size="icon"
+								disabled={index === variables.length - 1}
+								onClick={(): void => onMove(index, index + 1)}
+								aria-label="Move down"
+							>
+								<ChevronDown size={14} />
+							</Button>
+							<Button
+								variant="ghost"
+								color="secondary"
+								size="icon"
+								onClick={(): void => onEdit(index)}
+								aria-label="Edit variable"
+								testId={`variable-edit-${variable.name}`}
+							>
+								<PenLine size={14} />
+							</Button>
+							<Button
+								variant="ghost"
+								color="secondary"
+								size="icon"
+								onClick={(): void => onRequestDelete(index)}
+								aria-label="Delete variable"
+								testId={`variable-delete-${variable.name}`}
+							>
+								<Trash2 size={14} />
+							</Button>
+						</div>
+					) : null}
+				</div>
+			))}
+		</div>
+	);
+}
+
+export default VariablesList;

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/DashboardSettings/Variables/index.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+import { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react';
+import { Plus } from '@signozhq/icons';
+import { Button } from '@signozhq/ui/button';
+import { Typography } from '@signozhq/ui/typography';
+import type { DashboardtypesGettableDashboardV2DTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+
+import { useDashboardStore } from '../../store/useDashboardStore';
+import { useSaveVariables } from './useSaveVariables';
+import { dtoToFormModel } from './variableAdapters';
+import {
+	emptyVariableFormModel,
+	type VariableFormModel,
+} from './variableModel';
+import VariableForm from './VariableForm/VariableForm';
+import VariablesList from './VariablesList';
+import styles from './Variables.module.scss';
+
+interface VariablesSettingsProps {
+	dashboard: DashboardtypesGettableDashboardV2DTO;
+}
+
+/** `null` index = adding a new variable; a number = editing that row. */
+type EditingState = { index: number | null } | null;
+
+function VariablesSettings({ dashboard }: VariablesSettingsProps): JSX.Element {
+	const isEditable = useDashboardStore((s) => s.isEditable);
+	const { save, isSaving } = useSaveVariables();
+
+	const initialModels = useMemo(
+		() => (dashboard.spec?.variables ?? []).map(dtoToFormModel),
+		[dashboard.spec?.variables],
+	);
+	const [variables, setVariables] = useState<VariableFormModel[]>(initialModels);
+
+	// Resync from the dashboard after a save round-trips (refetch bumps updatedAt).
+	useEffect(() => {
+		setVariables(initialModels);
+		// eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
+	}, [dashboard.updatedAt]);
+
+	const [editing, setEditing] = useState<EditingState>(null);
+	const [confirmDeleteIndex, setConfirmDeleteIndex] = useState<number | null>(
+		null,
+	);
+
+	const editingModel: VariableFormModel | null = useMemo(() => {
+		if (!editing) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		return editing.index === null
+			? emptyVariableFormModel()
+			: variables[editing.index];
+	}, [editing, variables]);
+
+	const existingNames = useMemo(() => {
+		const self = editing?.index ?? null;
+		return variables.filter((_, i) => i !== self).map((v) => v.name);
+	}, [variables, editing]);
+
+	const persist = (next: VariableFormModel[]): void => {
+		setVariables(next);
+		void save(next);
+	};
+
+	const handleFormSave = (model: VariableFormModel): void => {
+		const next = [...variables];
+		if (editing?.index == null) {
+			next.push(model);
+		} else {
+			next[editing.index] = model;
+		}
+		setEditing(null);
+		persist(next);
+	};
+
+	const handleMove = (from: number, to: number): void => {
+		if (to < 0 || to >= variables.length) {
+			return;
+		}
+		const next = [...variables];
+		const [moved] = next.splice(from, 1);
+		next.splice(to, 0, moved);
+		persist(next);
+	};
+
+	const handleConfirmDelete = (index: number): void => {
+		persist(variables.filter((_, i) => i !== index));
+		setConfirmDeleteIndex(null);
+	};
+
+	// Detail view — edit/new form replaces the list in place (no modal).
+	if (editingModel) {
+		return (
+			<VariableForm
+				initial={editingModel}
+				existingNames={existingNames}
+				isSaving={isSaving}
+				onClose={(): void => setEditing(null)}
+				onSave={handleFormSave}
+			/>
+		);
+	}
+
+	// Master view — the variables list.
+	return (
+		<div className={styles.container}>
+			<div className={styles.header}>
+				<div className={styles.titleRow}>
+					<Typography.Text className={styles.title}>Variables</Typography.Text>
+					<Typography.Text className={styles.subtitle}>
+						Define variables to parameterize panel queries.
+					</Typography.Text>
+				</div>
+				{isEditable ? (
+					<Button
+						variant="solid"
+						color="primary"
+						prefix={<Plus size={14} />}
+						onClick={(): void => setEditing({ index: null })}
+						testId="add-variable"
+					>
+						New variable
+					</Button>
+				) : null}
+			</div>
+
+			{variables.length === 0 ? (
+				<div className={styles.empty}>
+					<Typography.Text>No variables defined yet.</Typography.Text>
+				</div>
+			) : (
+				<VariablesList
+					variables={variables}
+					canEdit={isEditable}
+					confirmingIndex={confirmDeleteIndex}
+					onEdit={(index): void => setEditing({ index })}
+					onRequestDelete={(index): void => setConfirmDeleteIndex(index)}
+					onConfirmDelete={handleConfirmDelete}
+					onCancelDelete={(): void => setConfirmDeleteIndex(null)}
+					onMove={handleMove}
+				/>
+			)}
+		</div>
+	);
+}
+
+export default VariablesSettings;

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/DashboardSettings/Variables/useSaveVariables.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import { useCallback, useState } from 'react';
+import { patchDashboardV2 } from 'api/generated/services/dashboard';
+import { toast } from '@signozhq/ui/sonner';
+import { useErrorModal } from 'providers/ErrorModalProvider';
+import APIError from 'types/api/error';
+
+import { useDashboardStore } from '../../store/useDashboardStore';
+import { formModelToDto } from './variableAdapters';
+import type { VariableFormModel } from './variableModel';
+import { buildVariablesPatch } from './variablePatchOps';
+
+interface UseSaveVariables {
+	save: (variables: VariableFormModel[]) => Promise<boolean>;
+	isSaving: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Persists the dashboard's variable list via a single `/spec/variables` patch,
+ * then refetches. Mirrors the General-settings save flow (patch → toast →
+ * refetch → surface errors).
+ */
+export function useSaveVariables(): UseSaveVariables {
+	const dashboardId = useDashboardStore((s) => s.dashboardId);
+	const refetch = useDashboardStore((s) => s.refetch);
+	const { showErrorModal } = useErrorModal();
+	const [isSaving, setIsSaving] = useState(false);
+
+	const save = useCallback(
+		async (variables: VariableFormModel[]): Promise<boolean> => {
+			if (!dashboardId) {
+				return false;
+			}
+			const dtos = variables.map(formModelToDto);
+			try {
+				setIsSaving(true);
+				await patchDashboardV2({ id: dashboardId }, buildVariablesPatch(dtos));
+				toast.success('Variables updated');
+				refetch();
+				return true;
+			} catch (error) {
+				showErrorModal(error as APIError);
+				return false;
+			} finally {
+				setIsSaving(false);
+			}
+		},
+		[dashboardId, refetch, showErrorModal],
+	);
+
+	return { save, isSaving };
+}

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/DashboardSettings/Variables/variableAdapters.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+import {
+	DashboardtypesVariableEnvelopeGithubComPersesSpecGoDashboardTextVariableSpecDTOKind as TextEnvelopeKind,
+	DashboardtypesVariableEnvelopeGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesListVariableSpecDTOKind as ListEnvelopeKind,
+	DashboardtypesVariablePluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesCustomVariableSpecDTOKind as CustomPluginKind,
+	DashboardtypesVariablePluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesDynamicVariableSpecDTOKind as DynamicPluginKind,
+	DashboardtypesVariablePluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesQueryVariableSpecDTOKind as QueryPluginKind,
+	TelemetrytypesSignalDTO,
+} from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+import type {
+	DashboardtypesListVariableSpecDTO,
+	DashboardtypesVariableDTO,
+	DashboardtypesVariablePluginDTO,
+	DashboardTextVariableSpecDTO,
+} from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+
+import {
+	emptyVariableFormModel,
+	PLUGIN_KIND,
+	type TelemetrySignal,
+	type VariableFormModel,
+	type VariableSort,
+} from './variableModel';
+
+/** DTO envelope → flat form model (for display / editing). */
+export function dtoToFormModel(
+	dto: DashboardtypesVariableDTO,
+): VariableFormModel {
+	const base = emptyVariableFormModel();
+	const display = dto.spec?.display;
+	const common: VariableFormModel = {
+		...base,
+		name: dto.spec?.name ?? display?.name ?? '',
+		description: display?.description ?? '',
+		hidden: display?.hidden ?? false,
+	};
+
+	// Text variable — a distinct envelope (no list plugin).
+	if (dto.kind === TextEnvelopeKind.TextVariable) {
+		const spec = dto.spec as DashboardTextVariableSpecDTO;
+		return {
+			...common,
+			type: 'TEXT',
+			textValue: spec.value ?? '',
+			textConstant: spec.constant ?? false,
+		};
+	}
+
+	// List variable — Query / Custom / Dynamic, distinguished by plugin.kind.
+	const spec = dto.spec as DashboardtypesListVariableSpecDTO;
+	const listCommon: VariableFormModel = {
+		...common,
+		multiSelect: spec.allowMultiple ?? false,
+		showAllOption: spec.allowAllValue ?? false,
+		sort: (spec.sort as VariableSort) ?? 'DISABLED',
+		defaultValue: spec.defaultValue,
+	};
+	const plugin = spec.plugin;
+
+	if (plugin?.kind === CustomPluginKind['signoz/CustomVariable']) {
+		return {
+			...listCommon,
+			type: 'CUSTOM',
+			customValue: plugin.spec.customValue ?? '',
+		};
+	}
+	if (plugin?.kind === DynamicPluginKind['signoz/DynamicVariable']) {
+		return {
+			...listCommon,
+			type: 'DYNAMIC',
+			dynamicAttribute: plugin.spec.name ?? '',
+			dynamicSignal: (plugin.spec.signal as TelemetrySignal) ?? 'traces',
+		};
+	}
+	// Default to Query (also covers a query plugin or a missing/unknown plugin).
+	return {
+		...listCommon,
+		type: 'QUERY',
+		queryValue:
+			plugin?.kind === QueryPluginKind['signoz/QueryVariable']
+				? (plugin.spec.queryValue ?? '')
+				: '',
+	};
+}
+
+function buildPlugin(
+	model: VariableFormModel,
+): DashboardtypesVariablePluginDTO {
+	switch (model.type) {
+		case 'CUSTOM':
+			return {
+				kind: CustomPluginKind['signoz/CustomVariable'],
+				spec: { customValue: model.customValue },
+			};
+		case 'DYNAMIC':
+			return {
+				kind: DynamicPluginKind['signoz/DynamicVariable'],
+				spec: {
+					name: model.dynamicAttribute,
+					signal: model.dynamicSignal as TelemetrytypesSignalDTO,
+				},
+			};
+		case 'QUERY':
+		default:
+			return {
+				kind: QueryPluginKind['signoz/QueryVariable'],
+				spec: { queryValue: model.queryValue },
+			};
+	}
+}
+
+/** Flat form model → DTO envelope (for persistence). */
+export function formModelToDto(
+	model: VariableFormModel,
+): DashboardtypesVariableDTO {
+	const display = {
+		name: model.name,
+		description: model.description,
+		hidden: model.hidden,
+	};
+
+	if (model.type === 'TEXT') {
+		return {
+			kind: TextEnvelopeKind.TextVariable,
+			spec: {
+				name: model.name,
+				display,
+				value: model.textValue,
+				constant: model.textConstant,
+			},
+		};
+	}
+
+	return {
+		kind: ListEnvelopeKind.ListVariable,
+		spec: {
+			name: model.name,
+			display,
+			allowMultiple: model.multiSelect,
+			allowAllValue: model.showAllOption,
+			sort: model.sort,
+			defaultValue: model.defaultValue,
+			plugin: buildPlugin(model),
+		},
+	};
+}
+
+/** Maps the V2 plugin/envelope to the four UI-facing variable types. */
+export function variableTypeOf(
+	dto: DashboardtypesVariableDTO,
+): VariableFormModel['type'] {
+	return dtoToFormModel(dto).type;
+}
+
+export { PLUGIN_KIND };

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/DashboardSettings/Variables/variableModel.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+import type { VariableDefaultValueDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+
+/**
+ * Flat, UI-friendly representation of a V2 dashboard variable. The wire format
+ * (`DashboardtypesVariableDTO`) is a nested envelope/plugin union that is awkward
+ * to bind a form to; `variableAdapters` converts between this model and the DTO.
+ */
+
+export type VariableType = 'QUERY' | 'CUSTOM' | 'TEXT' | 'DYNAMIC';
+
+export type VariableSort = 'DISABLED' | 'ASC' | 'DESC';
+
+export type TelemetrySignal = 'traces' | 'logs' | 'metrics';
+
+/** Wire `kind` discriminators (string values of the generated enums). */
+export const ENVELOPE_KIND = {
+	LIST: 'ListVariable',
+	TEXT: 'TextVariable',
+} as const;
+
+export const PLUGIN_KIND = {
+	QUERY: 'signoz/QueryVariable',
+	CUSTOM: 'signoz/CustomVariable',
+	DYNAMIC: 'signoz/DynamicVariable',
+} as const;
+
+export const VARIABLE_SORTS: VariableSort[] = ['DISABLED', 'ASC', 'DESC'];
+
+export const TELEMETRY_SIGNALS: TelemetrySignal[] = [
+	'traces',
+	'logs',
+	'metrics',
+];
+
+export interface VariableFormModel {
+	/** Stable identifier, referenced in queries (e.g. `$name`); must be unique. */
+	name: string;
+	description: string;
+	hidden: boolean;
+	type: VariableType;
+
+	// List-variable common fields (Query / Custom / Dynamic).
+	multiSelect: boolean;
+	showAllOption: boolean;
+	sort: VariableSort;
+
+	// Type-specific.
+	queryValue: string; // QUERY
+	customValue: string; // CUSTOM
+	textValue: string; // TEXT
+	textConstant: boolean; // TEXT
+	dynamicAttribute: string; // DYNAMIC — the telemetry field name
+	dynamicSignal: TelemetrySignal; // DYNAMIC — the telemetry signal
+
+	/**
+	 * Runtime-selected default, not editable in the management tab yet; carried
+	 * through edits so saving a definition doesn't clobber it.
+	 */
+	defaultValue?: VariableDefaultValueDTO;
+}
+
+export function emptyVariableFormModel(): VariableFormModel {
+	return {
+		name: '',
+		description: '',
+		hidden: false,
+		type: 'QUERY',
+		multiSelect: false,
+		showAllOption: false,
+		sort: 'DISABLED',
+		queryValue: '',
+		customValue: '',
+		textValue: '',
+		textConstant: false,
+		dynamicAttribute: '',
+		dynamicSignal: 'traces',
+	};
+}

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/DashboardSettings/Variables/variablePatchOps.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import type {
+	DashboardtypesJSONPatchOperationDTO,
+	DashboardtypesVariableDTO,
+} from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+
+/**
+ * Builds the JSON-Patch to persist the dashboard's variable list. Add/edit/
+ * delete/reorder all replace the whole `/spec/variables` array in one atomic op
+ * — simpler and race-free vs per-index patches. RFC-6902 `add` on an object
+ * member sets-or-replaces, so it works whether or not `variables` already exists.
+ */
+export function buildVariablesPatch(
+	variables: DashboardtypesVariableDTO[],
+): DashboardtypesJSONPatchOperationDTO[] {
+	return [
+		{
+			op: 'add' as DashboardtypesJSONPatchOperationDTO['op'],
+			path: '/spec/variables',
+			value: variables,
+		},
+	];
+}

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/DashboardSettings/index.tsx

@@ -1,48 +1,39 @@
 import { useMemo } from 'react';
 
 import { Braces, Globe, Table } from '@signozhq/icons';
-import { Tabs } from '@signozhq/ui/tabs';
+import { TabItemProps, Tabs } from '@signozhq/ui/tabs';
 import type { DashboardtypesGettableDashboardV2DTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 
 import GeneralSettings from './General';
 import { SettingsTabPlaceholder } from './utils';
-
-import styles from './DashboardSettings.module.scss';
+import VariablesSettings from './Variables';
 
 interface DashboardSettingsProps {
 	dashboard: DashboardtypesGettableDashboardV2DTO;
 }
 
-function tabLabel(icon: JSX.Element, text: string): JSX.Element {
-	return (
-		<span className={styles.tabLabel}>
-			{icon}
-			{text}
-		</span>
-	);
-}
-
 function DashboardSettings({ dashboard }: DashboardSettingsProps): JSX.Element {
-	const items = useMemo(
+	const items: TabItemProps[] = useMemo(
 		() => [
 			{
 				key: 'general',
-				label: tabLabel(<Table size={14} />, 'General'),
+				label: 'General',
 				children: <GeneralSettings dashboard={dashboard} />,
+				prefixIcon: <Table size={14} />,
 			},
 			{
 				key: 'variables',
-				label: tabLabel(<Braces size={14} />, 'Variables'),
-				children: (
-					<SettingsTabPlaceholder message="V2 dashboard variables coming next." />
-				),
+				label: 'Variables',
+				children: <VariablesSettings dashboard={dashboard} />,
+				prefixIcon: <Braces size={14} />,
 			},
 			{
 				key: 'public-dashboard',
-				label: tabLabel(<Globe size={14} />, 'Publish'),
+				label: 'Publish',
 				children: (
 					<SettingsTabPlaceholder message="V2 public dashboard publishing coming next." />
 				),
+				prefixIcon: <Globe size={14} />,
 			},
 		],
 		[dashboard],

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/VariablesBar/VariableSelector.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import { useMemo } from 'react';
+import { Typography } from '@signozhq/ui/typography';
+import { commaValuesParser } from 'lib/dashboardVariables/customCommaValuesParser';
+import sortValues from 'lib/dashboardVariables/sortVariableValues';
+
+import type { VariableFormModel } from '../DashboardSettings/Variables/variableModel';
+import type { VariableSelection, VariableSelectionMap } from './selectionTypes';
+import DynamicSelector from './selectors/DynamicSelector';
+import QuerySelector from './selectors/QuerySelector';
+import TextSelector from './selectors/TextSelector';
+import ValueSelector from './selectors/ValueSelector';
+import styles from './VariablesBar.module.scss';
+
+interface VariableSelectorProps {
+	variable: VariableFormModel;
+	/** All variables (Dynamic uses them to scope options by sibling selections). */
+	variables: VariableFormModel[];
+	/** Names this variable depends on (for Query gating). */
+	parents: string[];
+	/** All current selections (Query passes them as the request payload). */
+	selections: VariableSelectionMap;
+	selection: VariableSelection;
+	onChange: (selection: VariableSelection) => void;
+}
+
+/** One labelled variable control; dispatches on the variable type. */
+function VariableSelector({
+	variable,
+	variables,
+	parents,
+	selections,
+	selection,
+	onChange,
+}: VariableSelectorProps): JSX.Element {
+	const customOptions = useMemo(
+		() =>
+			variable.type === 'CUSTOM'
+				? sortValues(commaValuesParser(variable.customValue), variable.sort).map(
+						String,
+					)
+				: [],
+		[variable],
+	);
+
+	const renderControl = (): JSX.Element => {
+		switch (variable.type) {
+			case 'TEXT':
+				return (
+					<TextSelector
+						selection={selection}
+						onChange={onChange}
+						testId={`variable-input-${variable.name}`}
+					/>
+				);
+			case 'QUERY':
+				return (
+					<QuerySelector
+						variable={variable}
+						parents={parents}
+						selections={selections}
+						selection={selection}
+						onChange={onChange}
+					/>
+				);
+			case 'DYNAMIC':
+				return (
+					<DynamicSelector
+						variable={variable}
+						variables={variables}
+						selections={selections}
+						selection={selection}
+						onChange={onChange}
+					/>
+				);
+			case 'CUSTOM':
+			default:
+				return (
+					<ValueSelector
+						options={customOptions}
+						multiSelect={variable.multiSelect}
+						showAllOption={variable.showAllOption}
+						selection={selection}
+						onChange={onChange}
+						testId={`variable-select-${variable.name}`}
+					/>
+				);
+		}
+	};
+
+	return (
+		<div className={styles.variable} data-testid={`variable-${variable.name}`}>
+			<Typography.Text className={styles.label}>${variable.name}</Typography.Text>
+			{renderControl()}
+		</div>
+	);
+}
+
+export default VariableSelector;

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/VariablesBar/VariablesBar.module.scss

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+.bar {
+	display: flex;
+	flex-wrap: wrap;
+	align-items: flex-end;
+	gap: 12px 16px;
+	padding: 12px 16px;
+	border-bottom: 1px solid var(--l1-border);
+}
+
+.variable {
+	display: flex;
+	flex-direction: column;
+	gap: 4px;
+	min-width: 0;
+}
+
+.label {
+	font-size: 12px;
+	font-weight: 500;
+	color: var(--l2-foreground);
+}
+
+.select {
+	min-width: 160px;
+}
+
+.input {
+	min-width: 160px;
+}

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/VariablesBar/VariablesBar.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import type { DashboardtypesGettableDashboardV2DTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+
+import { useVariableSelection } from './useVariableSelection';
+import VariableSelector from './VariableSelector';
+import styles from './VariablesBar.module.scss';
+
+interface VariablesBarProps {
+	dashboard: DashboardtypesGettableDashboardV2DTO;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Runtime variable selector bar shown above the panels. Renders one control per
+ * dashboard variable; selections live in the store + URL (never the spec).
+ */
+function VariablesBar({ dashboard }: VariablesBarProps): JSX.Element | null {
+	const { variables, dependencyData, selection, setSelection } =
+		useVariableSelection(dashboard);
+
+	if (variables.length === 0) {
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	return (
+		<div className={styles.bar} data-testid="dashboard-variables-bar">
+			{variables.map((variable) => (
+				<VariableSelector
+					key={variable.name}
+					variable={variable}
+					variables={variables}
+					parents={dependencyData.parentGraph[variable.name] ?? []}
+					selections={selection}
+					selection={
+						selection[variable.name] ?? {
+							value: variable.multiSelect ? [] : '',
+							allSelected: false,
+						}
+					}
+					onChange={(next): void => setSelection(variable.name, next)}
+				/>
+			))}
+		</div>
+	);
+}
+
+export default VariablesBar;

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/VariablesBar/dynamicFilter.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import type { VariableFormModel } from '../DashboardSettings/Variables/variableModel';
+import type { VariableSelectionMap } from './selectionTypes';
+
+function formatQueryValue(val: string): string {
+	const num = Number(val);
+	if (!Number.isNaN(num) && Number.isFinite(num)) {
+		return val;
+	}
+	return `'${val.replace(/'/g, "\\'")}'`;
+}
+
+function buildQueryPart(attribute: string, values: string[]): string {
+	const formatted = values.map(formatQueryValue);
+	if (formatted.length === 1) {
+		return `${attribute} = ${formatted[0]}`;
+	}
+	return `${attribute} IN [${formatted.join(', ')}]`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Builds a filter expression from the OTHER dynamic variables' current
+ * selections (e.g. `k8s.namespace.name IN ['prod'] AND service = 'api'`), so a
+ * dynamic variable's option list is scoped by its sibling selections. Variables
+ * in the ALL state, with no selection, or non-dynamic are skipped. Ported from
+ * the V1 dynamic-variable runtime.
+ */
+export function buildExistingDynamicVariableQuery(
+	variables: VariableFormModel[],
+	selections: VariableSelectionMap,
+	currentName: string,
+): string {
+	const parts: string[] = [];
+	variables.forEach((variable) => {
+		if (
+			variable.name === currentName ||
+			variable.type !== 'DYNAMIC' ||
+			!variable.dynamicAttribute
+		) {
+			return;
+		}
+		const selection = selections[variable.name];
+		if (!selection || selection.allSelected) {
+			return;
+		}
+		const raw = Array.isArray(selection.value)
+			? selection.value
+			: [selection.value];
+		const valid = raw
+			.filter((v) => v !== null && v !== undefined && v !== '')
+			.map((v) => String(v));
+		if (valid.length > 0) {
+			parts.push(buildQueryPart(variable.dynamicAttribute, valid));
+		}
+	});
+	return parts.join(' AND ');
+}

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/VariablesBar/selectionTypes.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/** A user-selected variable value at runtime (not persisted to the spec). */
+export type SelectedVariableValue =
+	| string
+	| number
+	| boolean
+	| (string | number | boolean)[]
+	| null;
+
+export interface VariableSelection {
+	value: SelectedVariableValue;
+	/** True when every option is selected ("ALL"); for dynamic vars value may be null. */
+	allSelected: boolean;
+}
+
+/** Selected values for a dashboard's variables, keyed by variable name. */
+export type VariableSelectionMap = Record<string, VariableSelection>;

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/VariablesBar/selectionUtils.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import type {
+	SelectedVariableValue,
+	VariableSelection,
+	VariableSelectionMap,
+} from './selectionTypes';
+
+/** A selection counts as resolved (usable as a parent value) when it's non-empty. */
+export function isResolved(selection?: VariableSelection): boolean {
+	if (!selection) {
+		return false;
+	}
+	if (selection.allSelected) {
+		return true;
+	}
+	const { value } = selection;
+	if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+		return value.length > 0;
+	}
+	return value !== '' && value !== null && value !== undefined;
+}
+
+/** Flatten the selection map into the `{ name: value }` payload a query expects. */
+export function selectionToPayload(
+	selection: VariableSelectionMap,
+): Record<string, SelectedVariableValue> {
+	const payload: Record<string, SelectedVariableValue> = {};
+	Object.entries(selection).forEach(([name, sel]) => {
+		payload[name] = sel.value;
+	});
+	return payload;
+}

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/VariablesBar/selectors/DynamicSelector.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+import { useMemo } from 'react';
+// eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-imports
+import { useSelector } from 'react-redux';
+import { useGetFieldValues } from 'hooks/dynamicVariables/useGetFieldValues';
+import sortValues from 'lib/dashboardVariables/sortVariableValues';
+import type { AppState } from 'store/reducers';
+import type { GlobalReducer } from 'types/reducer/globalTime';
+
+import type { VariableFormModel } from '../../DashboardSettings/Variables/variableModel';
+import { buildExistingDynamicVariableQuery } from '../dynamicFilter';
+import type {
+	VariableSelection,
+	VariableSelectionMap,
+} from '../selectionTypes';
+import { useAutoSelect } from '../useAutoSelect';
+import ValueSelector from './ValueSelector';
+
+interface DynamicSelectorProps {
+	variable: VariableFormModel;
+	/** All variables + current selections, to scope options by sibling dynamics. */
+	variables: VariableFormModel[];
+	selections: VariableSelectionMap;
+	selection: VariableSelection;
+	onChange: (selection: VariableSelection) => void;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Dynamic-variable options sourced from live telemetry field values for the
+ * chosen signal + attribute, scoped by the other dynamic variables' selections
+ * (so e.g. `pod` narrows to the chosen `namespace`).
+ */
+function DynamicSelector({
+	variable,
+	variables,
+	selections,
+	selection,
+	onChange,
+}: DynamicSelectorProps): JSX.Element {
+	const { minTime, maxTime } = useSelector<AppState, GlobalReducer>(
+		(state) => state.globalTime,
+	);
+
+	const existingQuery = useMemo(
+		() => buildExistingDynamicVariableQuery(variables, selections, variable.name),
+		[variables, selections, variable.name],
+	);
+
+	const { data, isFetching } = useGetFieldValues({
+		signal: variable.dynamicSignal,
+		name: variable.dynamicAttribute,
+		startUnixMilli: minTime,
+		endUnixMilli: maxTime,
+		existingQuery: existingQuery || undefined,
+		enabled: !!variable.dynamicAttribute,
+	});
+
+	const options = useMemo(() => {
+		const payload = data?.data;
+		const values =
+			payload?.normalizedValues ?? payload?.values?.StringValues ?? [];
+		return sortValues(values, variable.sort).map(String);
+	}, [data, variable.sort]);
+
+	useAutoSelect(variable, options, selection, onChange);
+
+	return (
+		<ValueSelector
+			options={options}
+			multiSelect={variable.multiSelect}
+			showAllOption={variable.showAllOption}
+			loading={isFetching}
+			selection={selection}
+			onChange={onChange}
+			testId={`variable-select-${variable.name}`}
+		/>
+	);
+}
+
+export default DynamicSelector;

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/VariablesBar/selectors/QuerySelector.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+import { useMemo } from 'react';
+import { useQuery } from 'react-query';
+// eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-imports
+import { useSelector } from 'react-redux';
+import dashboardVariablesQuery from 'api/dashboard/variables/dashboardVariablesQuery';
+import sortValues from 'lib/dashboardVariables/sortVariableValues';
+import type { AppState } from 'store/reducers';
+import type { GlobalReducer } from 'types/reducer/globalTime';
+
+import type { VariableFormModel } from '../../DashboardSettings/Variables/variableModel';
+import type {
+	VariableSelection,
+	VariableSelectionMap,
+} from '../selectionTypes';
+import { isResolved, selectionToPayload } from '../selectionUtils';
+import { useAutoSelect } from '../useAutoSelect';
+import ValueSelector from './ValueSelector';
+
+interface QuerySelectorProps {
+	variable: VariableFormModel;
+	/** Names this variable's query references; it waits until they're resolved. */
+	parents: string[];
+	/** All current selections, fed to the query as `{ name: value }`. */
+	selections: VariableSelectionMap;
+	selection: VariableSelection;
+	onChange: (selection: VariableSelection) => void;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Query-driven options. Dependency orchestration is declarative: the query is
+ * `enabled` only once every parent is resolved, and the parent values are in the
+ * query key — so it refetches automatically when a parent changes (and a cyclic
+ * dependency is simply never enabled).
+ */
+function QuerySelector({
+	variable,
+	parents,
+	selections,
+	selection,
+	onChange,
+}: QuerySelectorProps): JSX.Element {
+	const { minTime, maxTime } = useSelector<AppState, GlobalReducer>(
+		(state) => state.globalTime,
+	);
+	const payload = useMemo(() => selectionToPayload(selections), [selections]);
+	const enabled = parents.every((parent) => isResolved(selections[parent]));
+
+	const { data, isFetching } = useQuery(
+		[
+			'dashboard-variable',
+			variable.name,
+			variable.queryValue,
+			payload,
+			minTime,
+			maxTime,
+		],
+		() =>
+			dashboardVariablesQuery({
+				query: variable.queryValue,
+				variables: payload,
+			}),
+		{ enabled, refetchOnWindowFocus: false },
+	);
+
+	const options = useMemo(() => {
+		if (!data || data.statusCode !== 200 || !data.payload) {
+			return [] as string[];
+		}
+		return sortValues(data.payload.variableValues ?? [], variable.sort).map(
+			String,
+		);
+	}, [data, variable.sort]);
+
+	useAutoSelect(variable, options, selection, onChange);
+
+	return (
+		<ValueSelector
+			options={options}
+			multiSelect={variable.multiSelect}
+			showAllOption={variable.showAllOption}
+			loading={isFetching}
+			selection={selection}
+			onChange={onChange}
+			testId={`variable-select-${variable.name}`}
+		/>
+	);
+}
+
+export default QuerySelector;

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/VariablesBar/selectors/TextSelector.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import { Input } from '@signozhq/ui/input';
+
+import type { VariableSelection } from '../selectionTypes';
+import styles from '../VariablesBar.module.scss';
+
+interface TextSelectorProps {
+	selection: VariableSelection;
+	onChange: (selection: VariableSelection) => void;
+	testId?: string;
+}
+
+/** Free-text variable input. */
+function TextSelector({
+	selection,
+	onChange,
+	testId,
+}: TextSelectorProps): JSX.Element {
+	return (
+		<Input
+			className={styles.input}
+			value={typeof selection.value === 'string' ? selection.value : ''}
+			placeholder="Enter a value"
+			onChange={(e): void =>
+				onChange({ value: e.target.value, allSelected: false })
+			}
+			testId={testId}
+		/>
+	);
+}
+
+export default TextSelector;

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/VariablesBar/selectors/ValueSelector.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+import { useMemo } from 'react';
+import { CustomMultiSelect, CustomSelect } from 'components/NewSelect';
+import type { OptionData } from 'components/NewSelect/types';
+import { ALL_SELECT_VALUE } from 'container/DashboardContainer/utils';
+
+import type { VariableSelection } from '../selectionTypes';
+import styles from '../VariablesBar.module.scss';
+
+interface ValueSelectorProps {
+	options: string[];
+	multiSelect: boolean;
+	showAllOption: boolean;
+	loading?: boolean;
+	selection: VariableSelection;
+	onChange: (selection: VariableSelection) => void;
+	testId?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Single/multi value picker for Custom/Query/Dynamic variables. Reuses the
+ * shared NewSelect components, which provide search, the "ALL" option and
+ * apply-on-close batching (so multi-select edits don't cascade per toggle).
+ */
+function ValueSelector({
+	options,
+	multiSelect,
+	showAllOption,
+	loading,
+	selection,
+	onChange,
+	testId,
+}: ValueSelectorProps): JSX.Element {
+	const optionData = useMemo<OptionData[]>(
+		() => options.map((option) => ({ label: option, value: option })),
+		[options],
+	);
+
+	if (multiSelect) {
+		const value = selection.allSelected
+			? ALL_SELECT_VALUE
+			: (Array.isArray(selection.value) ? selection.value : []).map(String);
+		return (
+			<CustomMultiSelect
+				className={styles.select}
+				data-testid={testId}
+				options={optionData}
+				value={value}
+				loading={loading}
+				showSearch
+				placeholder="Select value"
+				enableAllSelection={showAllOption}
+				onChange={(next): void => {
+					const values = Array.isArray(next)
+						? next.map(String)
+						: next
+							? [String(next)]
+							: [];
+					if (values.length === 0) {
+						onChange({ value: [], allSelected: false });
+						return;
+					}
+					// CustomMultiSelect emits the full value set when ALL is picked.
+					const isAll =
+						showAllOption &&
+						options.length > 0 &&
+						options.every((option) => values.includes(option));
+					onChange({ value: values, allSelected: isAll });
+				}}
+				onClear={(): void => onChange({ value: [], allSelected: false })}
+			/>
+		);
+	}
+
+	return (
+		<CustomSelect
+			className={styles.select}
+			data-testid={testId}
+			options={optionData}
+			value={
+				selection.value == null || Array.isArray(selection.value)
+					? undefined
+					: String(selection.value)
+			}
+			loading={loading}
+			showSearch
+			placeholder="Select value"
+			onChange={(next): void =>
+				onChange({ value: next == null ? '' : String(next), allSelected: false })
+			}
+		/>
+	);
+}
+
+export default ValueSelector;

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/VariablesBar/useAutoSelect.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import { useEffect } from 'react';
+
+import type { VariableFormModel } from '../DashboardSettings/Variables/variableModel';
+import type { VariableSelection } from './selectionTypes';
+
+/**
+ * When fetched options arrive and the current selection isn't one of them,
+ * auto-pick the variable's default (if present in the options) or the first
+ * option — so dependent children always have a usable parent value.
+ */
+export function useAutoSelect(
+	variable: VariableFormModel,
+	options: string[],
+	selection: VariableSelection,
+	onChange: (selection: VariableSelection) => void,
+): void {
+	useEffect(() => {
+		if (options.length === 0 || selection.allSelected) {
+			return;
+		}
+		const current = selection.value;
+		const isValid = Array.isArray(current)
+			? current.length > 0 && current.every((c) => options.includes(String(c)))
+			: current !== '' &&
+				current !== null &&
+				current !== undefined &&
+				options.includes(String(current));
+		if (isValid) {
+			return;
+		}
+		const fallback = (variable.defaultValue as { value?: string } | undefined)
+			?.value;
+		const initial =
+			fallback && options.includes(fallback) ? fallback : options[0];
+		onChange({
+			value: variable.multiSelect ? [initial] : initial,
+			allSelected: false,
+		});
+		// eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
+	}, [options]);
+}

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/VariablesBar/useVariableSelection.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useMemo } from 'react';
+import { parseAsJson, useQueryState } from 'nuqs';
+import type { DashboardtypesGettableDashboardV2DTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+
+import { dtoToFormModel } from '../DashboardSettings/Variables/variableAdapters';
+import type { VariableFormModel } from '../DashboardSettings/Variables/variableModel';
+import { selectVariableValues } from '../store/slices/variableSelectionSlice';
+import { useDashboardStore } from '../store/useDashboardStore';
+import type {
+	SelectedVariableValue,
+	VariableSelection,
+	VariableSelectionMap,
+} from './selectionTypes';
+import {
+	computeVariableDependencies,
+	type VariableDependencyData,
+} from './variableDependencies';
+
+/** URL sentinel for an "ALL values selected" state (matches V1). */
+export const ALL_SELECTED = '__ALL__';
+
+/** `?variables=` holds `{ [name]: value }` (ALL encoded as the sentinel). */
+const variablesUrlParser = parseAsJson<Record<string, SelectedVariableValue>>(
+	(v) =>
+		typeof v === 'object' && v !== null
+			? (v as Record<string, SelectedVariableValue>)
+			: null,
+);
+
+function defaultSelection(model: VariableFormModel): VariableSelection {
+	const def = (
+		model.defaultValue as { value?: SelectedVariableValue } | undefined
+	)?.value;
+	if (def !== undefined && def !== null && def !== '') {
+		return { value: def, allSelected: false };
+	}
+	return { value: model.multiSelect ? [] : '', allSelected: false };
+}
+
+function fromUrlValue(raw: SelectedVariableValue): VariableSelection {
+	return raw === ALL_SELECTED
+		? { value: null, allSelected: true }
+		: { value: raw, allSelected: false };
+}
+
+interface UseVariableSelection {
+	variables: VariableFormModel[];
+	dependencyData: VariableDependencyData;
+	selection: VariableSelectionMap;
+	setSelection: (name: string, selection: VariableSelection) => void;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Runtime variable selection: derives the variable list from the spec, seeds
+ * each value from URL → localStorage(store) → default, and persists changes to
+ * both the store and the URL. Never writes to the dashboard spec.
+ */
+export function useVariableSelection(
+	dashboard: DashboardtypesGettableDashboardV2DTO,
+): UseVariableSelection {
+	const dashboardId = dashboard.id ?? '';
+
+	const variables = useMemo(
+		() => (dashboard.spec?.variables ?? []).map(dtoToFormModel),
+		[dashboard.spec?.variables],
+	);
+	const dependencyData = useMemo(
+		() => computeVariableDependencies(variables),
+		[variables],
+	);
+
+	const selection = useDashboardStore(selectVariableValues(dashboardId));
+	const setVariableValue = useDashboardStore((s) => s.setVariableValue);
+	const setVariableValues = useDashboardStore((s) => s.setVariableValues);
+
+	const [urlValues, setUrlValues] = useQueryState(
+		'variables',
+		variablesUrlParser.withOptions({ history: 'replace' }),
+	);
+
+	// Seed selections for this dashboard: URL wins, then persisted store, then default.
+	useEffect(() => {
+		if (!dashboardId || variables.length === 0) {
+			return;
+		}
+		// `selection` here is the persisted (localStorage) map on mount — the
+		// effect deliberately doesn't depend on it, so seeding runs once per set.
+		const stored = selection;
+		const seeded: VariableSelectionMap = {};
+		variables.forEach((variable) => {
+			const urlValue = urlValues?.[variable.name];
+			if (urlValue !== undefined) {
+				seeded[variable.name] = fromUrlValue(urlValue);
+			} else if (stored[variable.name]) {
+				seeded[variable.name] = stored[variable.name];
+			} else {
+				seeded[variable.name] = defaultSelection(variable);
+			}
+		});
+		setVariableValues(dashboardId, seeded);
+		// eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
+	}, [dashboardId, variables]);
+
+	const setSelection = useCallback(
+		(name: string, next: VariableSelection): void => {
+			setVariableValue(dashboardId, name, next);
+			void setUrlValues((prev) => ({
+				...(prev ?? {}),
+				[name]: next.allSelected ? ALL_SELECTED : next.value,
+			}));
+		},
+		[dashboardId, setVariableValue, setUrlValues],
+	);
+
+	return { variables, dependencyData, selection, setSelection };
+}

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/VariablesBar/variableDependencies.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+import { textContainsVariableReference } from 'lib/dashboardVariables/variableReference';
+
+import type { VariableFormModel } from '../DashboardSettings/Variables/variableModel';
+
+/**
+ * Inter-variable dependency graph for runtime selection. A QUERY variable
+ * "depends on" another variable when its query text references that variable
+ * (`{{.name}}`, `{{name}}`, `$name`, `[[name]]`). When a variable's value
+ * changes, its dependent QUERY variables must refetch. Ported from the V1
+ * dashboard-variables runtime; operates on the V2 flat variable model.
+ */
+
+export type VariableGraph = Record<string, string[]>;
+
+export interface VariableDependencyData {
+	/** Topological order of variables (parents before children). */
+	order: string[];
+	/** Direct children (dependents) of each variable. */
+	graph: VariableGraph;
+	/** Direct parents of each variable. */
+	parentGraph: VariableGraph;
+	/** All transitive descendants of each variable (precomputed). */
+	transitiveDescendants: VariableGraph;
+	hasCycle: boolean;
+	cycleNodes?: string[];
+}
+
+/** Names of QUERY variables whose query references `variableName`. */
+function getDependents(
+	variableName: string,
+	variables: VariableFormModel[],
+): string[] {
+	return variables
+		.filter(
+			(v) =>
+				v.type === 'QUERY' &&
+				!!v.name &&
+				textContainsVariableReference(v.queryValue || '', variableName),
+		)
+		.map((v) => v.name);
+}
+
+/** variable name → its direct dependents (children). */
+export function buildDependencies(
+	variables: VariableFormModel[],
+): VariableGraph {
+	const graph: VariableGraph = {};
+	variables.forEach((v) => {
+		if (v.name) {
+			graph[v.name] = getDependents(v.name, variables);
+		}
+	});
+	return graph;
+}
+
+/** Invert a child graph into a parent graph. */
+export function buildParentGraph(graph: VariableGraph): VariableGraph {
+	const parents: VariableGraph = {};
+	Object.keys(graph).forEach((node) => {
+		parents[node] = parents[node] ?? [];
+	});
+	Object.entries(graph).forEach(([node, children]) => {
+		children.forEach((child) => {
+			parents[child] = parents[child] ?? [];
+			parents[child].push(node);
+		});
+	});
+	return parents;
+}
+
+function collectCyclePath(
+	graph: VariableGraph,
+	start: string,
+	end: string,
+): string[] {
+	const path: string[] = [];
+	let current = start;
+	const findParent = (node: string): string | undefined =>
+		Object.keys(graph).find((key) => graph[key]?.includes(node));
+	while (current !== end) {
+		const parent = findParent(current);
+		if (!parent) {
+			break;
+		}
+		path.push(parent);
+		current = parent;
+	}
+	return [start, ...path];
+}
+
+function detectCycle(
+	graph: VariableGraph,
+	node: string,
+	visited: Set<string>,
+	recStack: Set<string>,
+): string[] | null {
+	if (!visited.has(node)) {
+		visited.add(node);
+		recStack.add(node);
+		let cycleNodes: string[] | null = null;
+		(graph[node] || []).some((neighbor) => {
+			if (!visited.has(neighbor)) {
+				const found = detectCycle(graph, neighbor, visited, recStack);
+				if (found) {
+					cycleNodes = found;
+					return true;
+				}
+			} else if (recStack.has(neighbor)) {
+				cycleNodes = collectCyclePath(graph, node, neighbor);
+				return true;
+			}
+			return false;
+		});
+		if (cycleNodes) {
+			return cycleNodes;
+		}
+	}
+	recStack.delete(node);
+	return null;
+}
+
+/** Build the full dependency data (topo order, parents, transitive descendants, cycle info). */
+export function buildDependencyData(
+	dependencies: VariableGraph,
+): VariableDependencyData {
+	const inDegree: Record<string, number> = {};
+	const adjList: VariableGraph = {};
+
+	Object.keys(dependencies).forEach((node) => {
+		inDegree[node] = inDegree[node] ?? 0;
+		adjList[node] = adjList[node] ?? [];
+		(dependencies[node] || []).forEach((child) => {
+			inDegree[child] = inDegree[child] ?? 0;
+			inDegree[child] += 1;
+			adjList[node].push(child);
+		});
+	});
+
+	const visited = new Set<string>();
+	const recStack = new Set<string>();
+	let cycleNodes: string[] | undefined;
+	Object.keys(dependencies).some((node) => {
+		if (!visited.has(node)) {
+			const found = detectCycle(dependencies, node, visited, recStack);
+			if (found) {
+				cycleNodes = found;
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	});
+
+	// Topological sort (Kahn's algorithm).
+	const queue = Object.keys(inDegree).filter((n) => inDegree[n] === 0);
+	const order: string[] = [];
+	while (queue.length > 0) {
+		const current = queue.shift();
+		if (current === undefined) {
+			break;
+		}
+		order.push(current);
+		(adjList[current] || []).forEach((neighbor) => {
+			inDegree[neighbor] -= 1;
+			if (inDegree[neighbor] === 0) {
+				queue.push(neighbor);
+			}
+		});
+	}
+
+	const hasCycle = order.length !== Object.keys(dependencies).length;
+
+	// Transitive descendants: walk topo order in reverse.
+	const transitiveDescendants: VariableGraph = {};
+	for (let i = order.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+		const node = order[i];
+		const desc = new Set<string>();
+		(adjList[node] || []).forEach((child) => {
+			desc.add(child);
+			(transitiveDescendants[child] || []).forEach((d) => desc.add(d));
+		});
+		transitiveDescendants[node] = Array.from(desc);
+	}
+
+	return {
+		order,
+		graph: adjList,
+		parentGraph: buildParentGraph(adjList),
+		transitiveDescendants,
+		hasCycle,
+		cycleNodes,
+	};
+}
+
+/** Compute the full dependency data straight from the variable list. */
+export function computeVariableDependencies(
+	variables: VariableFormModel[],
+): VariableDependencyData {
+	return buildDependencyData(buildDependencies(variables));
+}

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/index.tsx

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { useAppContext } from 'providers/App/App';
 import DashboardDescription from './DashboardDescription';
 import PanelsAndSectionsLayout from './PanelsAndSectionsLayout';
 import { useDashboardStore } from './store/useDashboardStore';
+import VariablesBar from './VariablesBar/VariablesBar';
 import styles from './DashboardContainer.module.scss';
 
 interface DashboardContainerProps {
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ function DashboardContainer({
 					handle={fullScreenHandle}
 					refetch={refetch}
 				/>
+				<VariablesBar dashboard={dashboard} />
 				<PanelsAndSectionsLayout layouts={layouts} panels={panels} />
 			</div>
 			{/* Shared panel-type picker (V1 component): opened from any "New Panel"

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/store/slices/variableSelectionSlice.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import type { StateCreator } from 'zustand';
+
+import type {
+	VariableSelection,
+	VariableSelectionMap,
+} from '../../VariablesBar/selectionTypes';
+import type { DashboardStore } from '../useDashboardStore';
+
+/**
+ * Runtime variable selection — the values the user picks in the variable bar.
+ * Keyed by dashboardId → variable name. Frontend-only and persisted to
+ * localStorage (mirrored to the URL by the bar for shareable links); it is
+ * deliberately NOT part of the dashboard spec, so selecting a value never
+ * patches the dashboard.
+ */
+export interface VariableSelectionSlice {
+	variableValues: Record<string, VariableSelectionMap>;
+	setVariableValue: (
+		dashboardId: string,
+		name: string,
+		selection: VariableSelection,
+	) => void;
+	/** Bulk set (used to seed from URL/localStorage/defaults on load). */
+	setVariableValues: (dashboardId: string, values: VariableSelectionMap) => void;
+}
+
+export const createVariableSelectionSlice: StateCreator<
+	DashboardStore,
+	[['zustand/persist', unknown]],
+	[],
+	VariableSelectionSlice
+> = (set, get) => ({
+	variableValues: {},
+	setVariableValue: (dashboardId, name, selection): void => {
+		const { variableValues } = get();
+		set({
+			variableValues: {
+				...variableValues,
+				[dashboardId]: { ...variableValues[dashboardId], [name]: selection },
+			},
+		});
+	},
+	setVariableValues: (dashboardId, values): void => {
+		const { variableValues } = get();
+		set({
+			variableValues: { ...variableValues, [dashboardId]: values },
+		});
+	},
+});
+
+/** Selector: the selection map for a dashboard (empty if none). */
+export const selectVariableValues =
+	(dashboardId: string) =>
+	(state: DashboardStore): VariableSelectionMap =>
+		state.variableValues[dashboardId] ?? {};

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/store/useDashboardStore.ts

@@ -9,25 +9,36 @@ import {
 	createCollapseSlice,
 	type CollapseSlice,
 } from './slices/collapseSlice';
+import {
+	createVariableSelectionSlice,
+	type VariableSelectionSlice,
+} from './slices/variableSelectionSlice';
 
-export type DashboardStore = EditContextSlice & CollapseSlice;
+export type DashboardStore = EditContextSlice &
+	CollapseSlice &
+	VariableSelectionSlice;
 
 /**
  * V2 dashboard session store. Holds cross-cutting client state only — never the
- * dashboard spec (that stays in react-query via useGetDashboardV2). Two slices:
+ * dashboard spec (that stays in react-query via useGetDashboardV2). Slices:
  * - edit-context: dashboardId / isEditable / refetch (set once, not persisted).
  * - collapse: per-section open state (frontend-only, persisted to localStorage).
+ * - variable-selection: runtime variable values (frontend-only, persisted).
  */
 export const useDashboardStore = create<DashboardStore>()(
 	persist(
 		(...a) => ({
 			...createEditContextSlice(...a),
 			...createCollapseSlice(...a),
+			...createVariableSelectionSlice(...a),
 		}),
 		{
 			name: '@signoz/dashboard-v2',
-			// Persist only the collapse map — context (incl. the refetch fn) is transient.
-			partialize: (state) => ({ collapsed: state.collapsed }),
+			// Persist UI-only state (context incl. the refetch fn is transient).
+			partialize: (state) => ({
+				collapsed: state.collapsed,
+				variableValues: state.variableValues,
+			}),
 		},
 	),
 );

pkg/alertmanager/alertmanagerstore/sqlalertmanagerstore/maintenance.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package sqlalertmanagerstore
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"log/slog"
 	"time"
 
@@ -40,20 +39,16 @@ func (r *maintenance) ListPlannedMaintenance(ctx context.Context, orgID string)
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	plannedMaintenances := make([]*alertmanagertypes.PlannedMaintenance, 0, len(gettableMaintenancesRules))
+	gettablePlannedMaintenance := make([]*alertmanagertypes.PlannedMaintenance, 0)
 	for _, gettableMaintenancesRule := range gettableMaintenancesRules {
-		pm, err := gettableMaintenancesRule.ToPlannedMaintenance()
-		if err != nil {
-			// Don't return an error because we want to process all the valid records.
-			// Log and skip instead.
-			r.logger.WarnContext(ctx, "skipping planned maintenance", slog.String("maintenance_id", gettableMaintenancesRule.ID.StringValue()), errors.Attr(err))
-			continue
+		m := gettableMaintenancesRule.ToPlannedMaintenance()
+		gettablePlannedMaintenance = append(gettablePlannedMaintenance, m)
+		if m.HasScheduleRecurrenceBoundsMismatch() {
+			r.logger.WarnContext(ctx, "planned_downtime_recurrence_schedule_mismatch", slog.String("maintenance_id", m.ID.StringValue()))
 		}
-
-		plannedMaintenances = append(plannedMaintenances, pm)
 	}
 
-	return plannedMaintenances, nil
+	return gettablePlannedMaintenance, nil
 }
 
 func (r *maintenance) GetPlannedMaintenanceByID(ctx context.Context, id valuer.UUID) (*alertmanagertypes.PlannedMaintenance, error) {
@@ -69,7 +64,7 @@ func (r *maintenance) GetPlannedMaintenanceByID(ctx context.Context, id valuer.U
 		return nil, r.sqlstore.WrapNotFoundErrf(err, errors.CodeNotFound, "planned maintenance with ID: %s does not exist", id.StringValue())
 	}
 
-	return storableMaintenanceRule.ToPlannedMaintenance()
+	return storableMaintenanceRule.ToPlannedMaintenance(), nil
 }
 
 func (r *maintenance) CreatePlannedMaintenance(ctx context.Context, maintenance *alertmanagertypes.PostablePlannedMaintenance) (*alertmanagertypes.PlannedMaintenance, error) {
@@ -78,11 +73,6 @@ func (r *maintenance) CreatePlannedMaintenance(ctx context.Context, maintenance
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	schedule, err := json.Marshal(maintenance.Schedule)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
 	storablePlannedMaintenance := alertmanagertypes.StorablePlannedMaintenance{
 		Identifiable: types.Identifiable{
 			ID: valuer.GenerateUUID(),
@@ -97,7 +87,7 @@ func (r *maintenance) CreatePlannedMaintenance(ctx context.Context, maintenance
 		},
 		Name:        maintenance.Name,
 		Description: maintenance.Description,
-		Schedule:    string(schedule),
+		Schedule:    maintenance.Schedule,
 		OrgID:       claims.OrgID,
 		Scope:       maintenance.Scope,
 	}
@@ -145,21 +135,18 @@ func (r *maintenance) CreatePlannedMaintenance(ctx context.Context, maintenance
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	pm := &alertmanagertypes.PlannedMaintenance{
+	return &alertmanagertypes.PlannedMaintenance{
 		ID:          storablePlannedMaintenance.ID,
 		Name:        storablePlannedMaintenance.Name,
 		Description: storablePlannedMaintenance.Description,
+		Schedule:    storablePlannedMaintenance.Schedule,
 		RuleIDs:     maintenance.AlertIds,
 		Scope:       maintenance.Scope,
 		CreatedAt:   storablePlannedMaintenance.CreatedAt,
 		CreatedBy:   storablePlannedMaintenance.CreatedBy,
 		UpdatedAt:   storablePlannedMaintenance.UpdatedAt,
 		UpdatedBy:   storablePlannedMaintenance.UpdatedBy,
-	}
-	if err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(storablePlannedMaintenance.Schedule), &pm.Schedule); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return pm, nil
+	}, nil
 }
 
 func (r *maintenance) DeletePlannedMaintenance(ctx context.Context, id valuer.UUID) error {
@@ -187,11 +174,6 @@ func (r *maintenance) UpdatePlannedMaintenance(ctx context.Context, maintenance
 		return err
 	}
 
-	schedule, err := json.Marshal(maintenance.Schedule)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
 	storablePlannedMaintenance := alertmanagertypes.StorablePlannedMaintenance{
 		Identifiable: types.Identifiable{
 			ID: id,
@@ -206,7 +188,7 @@ func (r *maintenance) UpdatePlannedMaintenance(ctx context.Context, maintenance
 		},
 		Name:        maintenance.Name,
 		Description: maintenance.Description,
-		Schedule:    string(schedule),
+		Schedule:    maintenance.Schedule,
 		OrgID:       claims.OrgID,
 		Scope:       maintenance.Scope,
 	}

pkg/alertmanager/alertmanagerstore/sqlalertmanagerstore/maintenance_test.go

@@ -1,94 +0,0 @@
-package sqlalertmanagerstore
-
-import (
-	"path/filepath"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-
-	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/factory/factorytest"
-	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/sqlstore"
-	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/sqlstore/sqlitesqlstore"
-	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types"
-	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/alertmanagertypes"
-	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/valuer"
-)
-
-func newTestStore(t *testing.T) sqlstore.SQLStore {
-	t.Helper()
-	store, err := sqlitesqlstore.New(t.Context(), factorytest.NewSettings(), sqlstore.Config{
-		Provider: "sqlite",
-		Connection: sqlstore.ConnectionConfig{
-			MaxOpenConns:    1,
-			MaxConnLifetime: 0,
-		},
-		Sqlite: sqlstore.SqliteConfig{
-			Path:            filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "test.db"),
-			Mode:            "wal",
-			BusyTimeout:     5 * time.Second,
-			TransactionMode: "deferred",
-		},
-	})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	_, err = store.BunDB().NewCreateTable().
-		Model((*alertmanagertypes.StorablePlannedMaintenance)(nil)).
-		IfNotExists().
-		Exec(t.Context())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	_, err = store.BunDB().NewCreateTable().
-		Model((*alertmanagertypes.StorablePlannedMaintenanceRule)(nil)).
-		IfNotExists().
-		Exec(t.Context())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	return store
-}
-
-// TestListPlannedMaintenanceSkipsInvalid asserts that a single corrupt record
-// (here, an unloadable timezone) is skipped rather than failing the whole list.
-func TestListPlannedMaintenanceSkipsInvalid(t *testing.T) {
-	store := newTestStore(t)
-	orgID := valuer.GenerateUUID().StringValue()
-	now := time.Now().UTC()
-
-	valid := &alertmanagertypes.StorablePlannedMaintenance{
-		Identifiable:  types.Identifiable{ID: valuer.GenerateUUID()},
-		TimeAuditable: types.TimeAuditable{CreatedAt: now, UpdatedAt: now},
-		Name:          "valid",
-		Schedule:      `{"timezone":"UTC","startTime":"2024-01-01T12:00:00Z","recurrence":{"duration":"2h","repeatType":"daily"}}`,
-		OrgID:         orgID,
-	}
-	result, err := store.BunDB().NewInsert().Model(valid).Exec(t.Context())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	rowsAffected, err := result.RowsAffected()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, int64(1), rowsAffected)
-
-	// A schedule with "zero" startTime
-	invalid := &alertmanagertypes.StorablePlannedMaintenance{
-		Identifiable: types.Identifiable{ID: valuer.GenerateUUID()},
-		TimeAuditable: types.TimeAuditable{
-			CreatedAt: now,
-			UpdatedAt: now,
-		},
-		Name:     "invalid",
-		Schedule: `{"timezone":"UTC","recurrence":{"duration":"2h","repeatType":"daily"}}`,
-		OrgID:    orgID,
-	}
-	result, err = store.BunDB().NewInsert().Model(invalid).Exec(t.Context())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	rowsAffected, err = result.RowsAffected()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, int64(1), rowsAffected)
-
-	maintenanceStore := NewMaintenanceStore(store, factorytest.NewSettings())
-
-	list, err := maintenanceStore.ListPlannedMaintenance(t.Context(), orgID)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Len(t, list, 1)
-	assert.Equal(t, valid.ID, list[0].ID)
-}

pkg/alertmanager/config_test.go

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@ package alertmanager
 import (
 	"context"
 	"net/url"
-	"os"
-	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -16,23 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-const prefix = "SIGNOZ_"
-
-// clearSignozEnv unsets all existing SIGNOZ_* env vars for the duration of the test.
-func clearSignozEnv(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Helper()
-	for _, kv := range os.Environ() {
-		if strings.HasPrefix(kv, prefix) {
-			key := strings.SplitN(kv, "=", 2)[0]
-			orig, _ := os.LookupEnv(key)
-			_ = os.Unsetenv(key)
-			t.Cleanup(func() { _ = os.Setenv(key, orig) })
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func TestNewWithEnvProvider(t *testing.T) {
-	clearSignozEnv(t)
 	t.Setenv("SIGNOZ_ALERTMANAGER_PROVIDER", "signoz")
 	t.Setenv("SIGNOZ_ALERTMANAGER_LEGACY_API__URL", "http://localhost:9093/api")
 	t.Setenv("SIGNOZ_ALERTMANAGER_SIGNOZ_ROUTE_REPEAT__INTERVAL", "5m")

pkg/config/envprovider/provider_test.go

@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ func clearSignozEnv(t *testing.T) {
 		if strings.HasPrefix(kv, prefix) {
 			key := strings.SplitN(kv, "=", 2)[0]
 			orig, _ := os.LookupEnv(key)
-			_ = os.Unsetenv(key)
-			t.Cleanup(func() { _ = os.Setenv(key, orig) })
+			os.Unsetenv(key)
+			t.Cleanup(func() { os.Setenv(key, orig) })
 		}
 	}
 }

pkg/signoz/provider.go

@@ -213,7 +213,6 @@ func NewSQLMigrationProviderFactories(
 		sqlmigration.NewCloudIntegrationRemoveCascadeDeleteFactory(sqlschema),
 		sqlmigration.NewAddUserDashboardPreferenceFactory(sqlstore, sqlschema),
 		sqlmigration.NewRecreateUserDashboardPreferenceFactory(sqlstore, sqlschema),
-		sqlmigration.NewMigrateRecurrenceBoundsFactory(sqlstore),
 	)
 }
 

pkg/sqlmigration/027_update_rules.go

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/factory"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/sqlstore"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/alertmanagertypes"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/valuer"
 	"github.com/uptrace/bun"
 	"github.com/uptrace/bun/migrate"
@@ -56,15 +57,15 @@ type newRule struct {
 
 type existingMaintenance struct {
 	bun.BaseModel `bun:"table:planned_maintenance"`
-	ID            int       `bun:"id,pk,autoincrement"`
-	Name          string    `bun:"name,type:text,notnull"`
-	Description   string    `bun:"description,type:text"`
-	AlertIDs      *AlertIds `bun:"alert_ids,type:text"`
-	Schedule      *schedule `bun:"schedule,type:text,notnull"`
-	CreatedAt     time.Time `bun:"created_at,type:datetime,notnull"`
-	CreatedBy     string    `bun:"created_by,type:text,notnull"`
-	UpdatedAt     time.Time `bun:"updated_at,type:datetime,notnull"`
-	UpdatedBy     string    `bun:"updated_by,type:text,notnull"`
+	ID            int                 `bun:"id,pk,autoincrement"`
+	Name          string              `bun:"name,type:text,notnull"`
+	Description   string              `bun:"description,type:text"`
+	AlertIDs      *AlertIds           `bun:"alert_ids,type:text"`
+	Schedule      *alertmanagertypes.Schedule `bun:"schedule,type:text,notnull"`
+	CreatedAt     time.Time           `bun:"created_at,type:datetime,notnull"`
+	CreatedBy     string              `bun:"created_by,type:text,notnull"`
+	UpdatedAt     time.Time           `bun:"updated_at,type:datetime,notnull"`
+	UpdatedBy     string              `bun:"updated_by,type:text,notnull"`
 }
 
 type newMaintenance struct {
@@ -72,10 +73,10 @@ type newMaintenance struct {
 	types.Identifiable
 	types.TimeAuditable
 	types.UserAuditable
-	Name        string    `bun:"name,type:text,notnull"`
-	Description string    `bun:"description,type:text"`
-	Schedule    *schedule `bun:"schedule,type:text,notnull"`
-	OrgID       string    `bun:"org_id,type:text"`
+	Name        string              `bun:"name,type:text,notnull"`
+	Description string              `bun:"description,type:text"`
+	Schedule    *alertmanagertypes.Schedule `bun:"schedule,type:text,notnull"`
+	OrgID       string              `bun:"org_id,type:text"`
 }
 
 type storablePlannedMaintenanceRule struct {
@@ -91,21 +92,6 @@ type ruleHistory struct {
 	RuleUUID      valuer.UUID `bun:"rule_uuid"`
 }
 
-type schedule struct {
-	Timezone   string      `json:"timezone"`
-	StartTime  time.Time   `json:"startTime"`
-	EndTime    time.Time   `json:"endTime,omitzero"`
-	Recurrence *recurrence `json:"recurrence"`
-}
-
-type recurrence struct {
-	StartTime  time.Time           `json:"startTime"`
-	EndTime    time.Time           `json:"endTime,omitzero"`
-	Duration   valuer.TextDuration `json:"duration"`
-	RepeatType string              `json:"repeatType"`
-	RepeatOn   []string            `json:"repeatOn"`
-}
-
 func NewUpdateRulesFactory(sqlstore sqlstore.SQLStore) factory.ProviderFactory[SQLMigration, Config] {
 	return factory.NewProviderFactory(factory.MustNewName("update_rules"), func(ctx context.Context, ps factory.ProviderSettings, c Config) (SQLMigration, error) {
 		return newUpdateRules(ctx, ps, c, sqlstore)

pkg/sqlmigration/094_migrate_recurrence_bounds.go

@@ -1,128 +0,0 @@
-package sqlmigration
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"log/slog"
-
-	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/factory"
-	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/sqlstore"
-	"github.com/uptrace/bun"
-	"github.com/uptrace/bun/migrate"
-)
-
-type migrateRecurrenceBounds struct {
-	sqlstore sqlstore.SQLStore
-	logger   *slog.Logger
-}
-
-type plannedMaintenanceScheduleRow struct {
-	bun.BaseModel `bun:"table:planned_maintenance"`
-
-	ID       string `bun:"id"`
-	Schedule string `bun:"schedule"`
-}
-
-func NewMigrateRecurrenceBoundsFactory(sqlstore sqlstore.SQLStore) factory.ProviderFactory[SQLMigration, Config] {
-	return factory.NewProviderFactory(
-		factory.MustNewName("migrate_recurrence_bounds"),
-		func(ctx context.Context, ps factory.ProviderSettings, c Config) (SQLMigration, error) {
-			return &migrateRecurrenceBounds{sqlstore: sqlstore, logger: ps.Logger}, nil
-		},
-	)
-}
-
-func (migration *migrateRecurrenceBounds) Register(migrations *migrate.Migrations) error {
-	if err := migrations.Register(migration.Up, migration.Down); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Up moves the start/end bounds of a recurring planned maintenance from the
-// nested recurrence object up to the schedule level. Until now both the
-// schedule and its recurrence carried their own startTime/endTime, with the
-// recurrence values taking precedence when a recurrence was present. The
-// recurrence fields are being dropped, so the recurrence bounds (the source of
-// truth for recurring maintenances) are promoted to the schedule before the
-// struct loses those fields.
-//
-// We deliberately operate on the raw JSON instead of the Recurrence struct:
-// that struct loses its StartTime/EndTime fields in the same change set, so it
-// can no longer read the values this migration needs to move.
-func (migration *migrateRecurrenceBounds) Up(ctx context.Context, db *bun.DB) error {
-	tx, err := db.BeginTx(ctx, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	defer func() {
-		_ = tx.Rollback()
-	}()
-
-	rows := make([]*plannedMaintenanceScheduleRow, 0)
-	if err := tx.NewSelect().Model(&rows).Scan(ctx); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	for _, row := range rows {
-		schedule := make(map[string]json.RawMessage)
-		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(row.Schedule), &schedule); err != nil {
-			// A single corrupt row must not abort the whole migration (which would block startup).
-			migration.logger.WarnContext(ctx, "skipping planned maintenance with unreadable schedule", slog.String("maintenance_id", row.ID), errors.Attr(err))
-			continue
-		}
-
-		recurrenceRaw, ok := schedule["recurrence"]
-		if !ok || string(recurrenceRaw) == "null" {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		recurrence := make(map[string]json.RawMessage)
-		if err := json.Unmarshal(recurrenceRaw, &recurrence); err != nil {
-			migration.logger.WarnContext(ctx, "skipping planned maintenance with unreadable recurrence", slog.String("maintenance_id", row.ID), errors.Attr(err))
-			continue
-		}
-
-		// Promote the recurrence bounds (source of truth) to the schedule
-		// level, then drop them from the recurrence.
-		if startTime, ok := recurrence["startTime"]; ok {
-			schedule["startTime"] = startTime
-			delete(recurrence, "startTime")
-		}
-		if endTime, ok := recurrence["endTime"]; ok && string(endTime) != "null" {
-			schedule["endTime"] = endTime
-		} else {
-			// The recurrence had no end time, so the schedule must not carry
-			// a stale one duplicated by the UI.
-			delete(schedule, "endTime")
-		}
-		delete(recurrence, "endTime")
-
-		newRecurrence, err := json.Marshal(recurrence)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		schedule["recurrence"] = newRecurrence
-
-		newSchedule, err := json.Marshal(schedule)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		if _, err := tx.NewUpdate().
-			Model((*plannedMaintenanceScheduleRow)(nil)).
-			Set("schedule = ?", string(newSchedule)).
-			Where("id = ?", row.ID).
-			Exec(ctx); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return tx.Commit()
-}
-
-func (migration *migrateRecurrenceBounds) Down(context.Context, *bun.DB) error {
-	return nil
-}

pkg/types/alertmanagertypes/maintenance.go

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package alertmanagertypes
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"slices"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/expr-lang/expr"
@@ -60,11 +59,11 @@ type StorablePlannedMaintenance struct {
 	types.Identifiable
 	types.TimeAuditable
 	types.UserAuditable
-	Name        string `bun:"name,type:text,notnull"`
-	Description string `bun:"description,type:text"`
-	Schedule    string `bun:"schedule,type:text,notnull"`
-	OrgID       string `bun:"org_id,type:text"`
-	Scope       string `bun:"scope,type:text"`
+	Name        string    `bun:"name,type:text,notnull"`
+	Description string    `bun:"description,type:text"`
+	Schedule    *Schedule `bun:"schedule,type:text,notnull"`
+	OrgID       string    `bun:"org_id,type:text"`
+	Scope       string    `bun:"scope,type:text"`
 }
 
 type PlannedMaintenance struct {
@@ -100,9 +99,18 @@ func (p *PostablePlannedMaintenance) Validate() error {
 	if p.Schedule == nil {
 		return errors.Newf(errors.TypeInvalidInput, ErrCodeInvalidPlannedMaintenancePayload, "missing schedule in the payload")
 	}
+	if p.Schedule.Timezone == "" {
+		return errors.Newf(errors.TypeInvalidInput, ErrCodeInvalidPlannedMaintenancePayload, "missing timezone in the payload")
+	}
 
-	if !p.Schedule.EndTime.IsZero() && p.Schedule.StartTime.After(p.Schedule.EndTime) {
-		return errors.Newf(errors.TypeInvalidInput, ErrCodeInvalidPlannedMaintenancePayload, "start time cannot be after end time")
+	if _, err := time.LoadLocation(p.Schedule.Timezone); err != nil {
+		return errors.Newf(errors.TypeInvalidInput, ErrCodeInvalidPlannedMaintenancePayload, "invalid timezone in the payload")
+	}
+
+	if !p.Schedule.StartTime.IsZero() && !p.Schedule.EndTime.IsZero() {
+		if p.Schedule.StartTime.After(p.Schedule.EndTime) {
+			return errors.Newf(errors.TypeInvalidInput, ErrCodeInvalidPlannedMaintenancePayload, "start time cannot be after end time")
+		}
 	}
 
 	if p.Schedule.Recurrence != nil {
@@ -112,6 +120,9 @@ func (p *PostablePlannedMaintenance) Validate() error {
 		if p.Schedule.Recurrence.Duration.IsZero() {
 			return errors.Newf(errors.TypeInvalidInput, ErrCodeInvalidPlannedMaintenancePayload, "missing duration in the payload")
 		}
+		if p.Schedule.Recurrence.EndTime != nil && p.Schedule.Recurrence.EndTime.Before(p.Schedule.Recurrence.StartTime) {
+			return errors.Newf(errors.TypeInvalidInput, ErrCodeInvalidPlannedMaintenancePayload, "end time cannot be before start time")
+		}
 	}
 	if p.Scope != "" {
 		if _, err := expr.Compile(p.Scope, expr.AllowUndefinedVariables(), expr.AsBool()); err != nil {
@@ -137,85 +148,134 @@ type PlannedMaintenanceWithRules struct {
 	Rules                       []*StorablePlannedMaintenanceRule `bun:"rel:has-many,join:id=planned_maintenance_id"`
 }
 
-// AppliesTo reports whether this maintenance applies to the given rule.
-// An empty RuleIDs set means the maintenance applies to all rules.
-func (m *PlannedMaintenance) AppliesTo(ruleID string) bool {
-	return len(m.RuleIDs) == 0 || slices.Contains(m.RuleIDs, ruleID)
+// HasScheduleRecurrenceBoundsMismatch reports whether a recurring maintenance
+// has different start/end bounds in Schedule and Schedule.Recurrence.
+//
+// This is used to detect if there are any entries with recurrence that don't
+// have the same timestamps stored at the schedule-level.
+// UI payloads duplicated those values in both places, but direct API users may
+// have stored bounds that are missing from, or different than, the schedule-level bounds.
+// We need to observe these before we can safely drop Recurrence.StartTime and
+// Recurrence.EndTime.
+func (m *PlannedMaintenance) HasScheduleRecurrenceBoundsMismatch() bool {
+	recurrence := m.Schedule.Recurrence
+	if recurrence == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return !recurrence.StartTime.Equal(m.Schedule.StartTime) ||
+		(recurrence.EndTime == nil && !m.Schedule.EndTime.IsZero()) ||
+		(recurrence.EndTime != nil && !recurrence.EndTime.Equal(m.Schedule.EndTime))
 }
 
 func (m *PlannedMaintenance) ShouldSkip(ruleID string, now time.Time, lset model.LabelSet) (bool, error) {
-	if !m.AppliesTo(ruleID) || !m.IsActive(now) {
+	// Check if the alert ID is in the maintenance window
+	found := false
+	if len(m.RuleIDs) > 0 {
+		for _, alertID := range m.RuleIDs {
+			if alertID == ruleID {
+				found = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	// If no alert ids, then skip all alerts
+	if len(m.RuleIDs) == 0 {
+		found = true
+	}
+
+	if !found {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	if !m.IsActive(now) {
 		return false, nil
 	}
 
 	if m.Scope != "" {
-		skip, err := EvalScopeExpression(m.Scope, lset)
-		if err != nil || !skip {
+		result, err := EvalScopeExpression(m.Scope, lset)
+		if err != nil {
 			return false, err
 		}
+		if !result {
+			return false, nil
+		}
 	}
 	return true, nil
 }
 
 // IsActive reports whether [now] falls inside the maintenance window's schedule.
 func (m *PlannedMaintenance) IsActive(now time.Time) bool {
-	// Check if maintenance window has not started yet
-	if now.Before(m.Schedule.StartTime) {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	// Check if maintenance window has expired
-	if !m.Schedule.EndTime.IsZero() && now.After(m.Schedule.EndTime) {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	// Fixed schedule
-	if m.Schedule.Recurrence == nil {
-		return true
-	}
-
+	// If alert is found, we check if it should be skipped based on the schedule
 	loc, err := time.LoadLocation(m.Schedule.Timezone)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false
 	}
 
-	switch m.Schedule.Recurrence.RepeatType {
-	case RepeatTypeDaily:
-		return m.checkDaily(now, loc)
-	case RepeatTypeWeekly:
-		return m.checkWeekly(now, loc)
-	case RepeatTypeMonthly:
-		return m.checkMonthly(now, loc)
-	default:
-		return false
+	startTime := m.Schedule.StartTime
+	endTime := m.Schedule.EndTime
+	recurrence := m.Schedule.Recurrence
+
+	// fixed schedule — only when no recurrence is configured.
+	// When recurrence is set, the recurring check below handles everything;
+	// falling through here would cause the window to match the absolute
+	// StartTime–EndTime range instead of the daily/weekly/monthly pattern.
+	if recurrence == nil && !startTime.IsZero() && !endTime.IsZero() {
+		if now.Equal(startTime) || now.Equal(endTime) ||
+			(now.After(startTime) && now.Before(endTime)) {
+			return true
+		}
 	}
+
+	// recurring schedule
+	if recurrence != nil {
+		// Make sure the recurrence has started
+		if now.Before(recurrence.StartTime) {
+			return false
+		}
+
+		// Check if recurrence has expired
+		if recurrence.EndTime != nil {
+			if !recurrence.EndTime.IsZero() && now.After(*recurrence.EndTime) {
+				return false
+			}
+		}
+
+		currentTime := now.In(loc)
+		switch recurrence.RepeatType {
+		case RepeatTypeDaily:
+			return m.checkDaily(currentTime, recurrence, loc)
+		case RepeatTypeWeekly:
+			return m.checkWeekly(currentTime, recurrence, loc)
+		case RepeatTypeMonthly:
+			return m.checkMonthly(currentTime, recurrence, loc)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false
 }
 
 // checkDaily rebases the recurrence start to today (or yesterday if needed)
 // and returns true if currentTime is within [candidate, candidate+Duration].
-func (m *PlannedMaintenance) checkDaily(currentTime time.Time, loc *time.Location) bool {
-	currentTime = currentTime.In(loc)
+func (m *PlannedMaintenance) checkDaily(currentTime time.Time, rec *Recurrence, loc *time.Location) bool {
 	candidate := time.Date(
 		currentTime.Year(), currentTime.Month(), currentTime.Day(),
-		m.Schedule.StartTime.Hour(), m.Schedule.StartTime.Minute(), 0, 0,
+		rec.StartTime.Hour(), rec.StartTime.Minute(), 0, 0,
 		loc,
 	)
 	if candidate.After(currentTime) {
 		candidate = candidate.AddDate(0, 0, -1)
 	}
-	return currentTime.Sub(candidate) <= m.Schedule.Recurrence.Duration.Duration()
+	return currentTime.Sub(candidate) <= rec.Duration.Duration()
 }
 
 // checkWeekly finds the most recent allowed occurrence by rebasing the recurrence’s
 // time-of-day onto the allowed weekday. It does this for each allowed day and returns true
 // if the current time falls within the candidate window.
-func (m *PlannedMaintenance) checkWeekly(currentTime time.Time, loc *time.Location) bool {
-	currentTime = currentTime.In(loc)
-	rec := m.Schedule.Recurrence
-
+func (m *PlannedMaintenance) checkWeekly(currentTime time.Time, rec *Recurrence, loc *time.Location) bool {
 	// If no days specified, treat as every day (like daily).
 	if len(rec.RepeatOn) == 0 {
-		return m.checkDaily(currentTime, loc)
+		return m.checkDaily(currentTime, rec, loc)
 	}
 
 	for _, day := range rec.RepeatOn {
@@ -228,7 +288,7 @@ func (m *PlannedMaintenance) checkWeekly(currentTime time.Time, loc *time.Locati
 		// Build a candidate occurrence by rebasing today's date to the allowed weekday.
 		candidate := time.Date(
 			currentTime.Year(), currentTime.Month(), currentTime.Day(),
-			m.Schedule.StartTime.Hour(), m.Schedule.StartTime.Minute(), 0, 0,
+			rec.StartTime.Hour(), rec.StartTime.Minute(), 0, 0,
 			loc,
 		).AddDate(0, 0, delta)
 		// If the candidate is in the future, subtract 7 days.
@@ -244,10 +304,8 @@ func (m *PlannedMaintenance) checkWeekly(currentTime time.Time, loc *time.Locati
 
 // checkMonthly rebases the candidate occurrence using the recurrence's day-of-month.
 // If the candidate for the current month is in the future, it uses the previous month.
-func (m *PlannedMaintenance) checkMonthly(currentTime time.Time, loc *time.Location) bool {
-	currentTime = currentTime.In(loc)
-	startTime := m.Schedule.StartTime
-	refDay := startTime.Day()
+func (m *PlannedMaintenance) checkMonthly(currentTime time.Time, rec *Recurrence, loc *time.Location) bool {
+	refDay := rec.StartTime.Day()
 	year, month, _ := currentTime.Date()
 	lastDay := time.Date(year, month+1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, loc).Day()
 	day := refDay
@@ -255,7 +313,7 @@ func (m *PlannedMaintenance) checkMonthly(currentTime time.Time, loc *time.Locat
 		day = lastDay
 	}
 	candidate := time.Date(year, month, day,
-		startTime.Hour(), startTime.Minute(), startTime.Second(), startTime.Nanosecond(),
+		rec.StartTime.Hour(), rec.StartTime.Minute(), rec.StartTime.Second(), rec.StartTime.Nanosecond(),
 		loc,
 	)
 	if candidate.After(currentTime) {
@@ -265,30 +323,33 @@ func (m *PlannedMaintenance) checkMonthly(currentTime time.Time, loc *time.Locat
 		lastDayPrev := time.Date(y, m+1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, loc).Day()
 		if refDay > lastDayPrev {
 			candidate = time.Date(y, m, lastDayPrev,
-				startTime.Hour(), startTime.Minute(), startTime.Second(), startTime.Nanosecond(),
+				rec.StartTime.Hour(), rec.StartTime.Minute(), rec.StartTime.Second(), rec.StartTime.Nanosecond(),
 				loc,
 			)
 		} else {
 			candidate = time.Date(y, m, refDay,
-				startTime.Hour(), startTime.Minute(), startTime.Second(), startTime.Nanosecond(),
+				rec.StartTime.Hour(), rec.StartTime.Minute(), rec.StartTime.Second(), rec.StartTime.Nanosecond(),
 				loc,
 			)
 		}
 	}
-	return currentTime.Sub(candidate) <= m.Schedule.Recurrence.Duration.Duration()
+	return currentTime.Sub(candidate) <= rec.Duration.Duration()
 }
 
 func (m *PlannedMaintenance) IsUpcoming() bool {
-	now := time.Now()
-
-	if m.IsRecurring() {
-		// Note: this would return true even if the maintenance is active.
-		// This isn't an issue right now because the only usage happens after the `IsActive` check.
-		return m.Schedule.EndTime.IsZero() || now.Before(m.Schedule.EndTime)
+	loc, err := time.LoadLocation(m.Schedule.Timezone)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
 	}
+	now := time.Now().In(loc)
 
-	// Fixed schedule
-	return now.Before(m.Schedule.StartTime)
+	if !m.Schedule.StartTime.IsZero() && !m.Schedule.EndTime.IsZero() {
+		return now.Before(m.Schedule.StartTime)
+	}
+	if m.Schedule.Recurrence != nil {
+		return now.Before(m.Schedule.Recurrence.StartTime)
+	}
+	return false
 }
 
 func (m *PlannedMaintenance) IsRecurring() bool {
@@ -302,8 +363,19 @@ func (m *PlannedMaintenance) Validate() error {
 	if m.Schedule == nil {
 		return errors.Newf(errors.TypeInvalidInput, ErrCodeInvalidPlannedMaintenancePayload, "missing schedule in the payload")
 	}
-	if !m.Schedule.EndTime.IsZero() && m.Schedule.StartTime.After(m.Schedule.EndTime) {
-		return errors.Newf(errors.TypeInvalidInput, ErrCodeInvalidPlannedMaintenancePayload, "start time cannot be after end time")
+	if m.Schedule.Timezone == "" {
+		return errors.Newf(errors.TypeInvalidInput, ErrCodeInvalidPlannedMaintenancePayload, "missing timezone in the payload")
+	}
+
+	_, err := time.LoadLocation(m.Schedule.Timezone)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Newf(errors.TypeInvalidInput, ErrCodeInvalidPlannedMaintenancePayload, "invalid timezone in the payload")
+	}
+
+	if !m.Schedule.StartTime.IsZero() && !m.Schedule.EndTime.IsZero() {
+		if m.Schedule.StartTime.After(m.Schedule.EndTime) {
+			return errors.Newf(errors.TypeInvalidInput, ErrCodeInvalidPlannedMaintenancePayload, "start time cannot be after end time")
+		}
 	}
 
 	if m.Schedule.Recurrence != nil {
@@ -313,31 +385,28 @@ func (m *PlannedMaintenance) Validate() error {
 		if m.Schedule.Recurrence.Duration.IsZero() {
 			return errors.Newf(errors.TypeInvalidInput, ErrCodeInvalidPlannedMaintenancePayload, "missing duration in the payload")
 		}
-	}
-	if m.Scope != "" {
-		if _, err := expr.Compile(m.Scope, expr.AllowUndefinedVariables(), expr.AsBool()); err != nil {
-			err := errors.Newf(
-				errors.TypeInvalidInput, ErrCodeInvalidPlannedMaintenancePayload,
-				"invalid scope: %s", err.Error(),
-			)
-			return err.WithUrl(scopeDocUrl)
+		if m.Schedule.Recurrence.EndTime != nil && m.Schedule.Recurrence.EndTime.Before(m.Schedule.Recurrence.StartTime) {
+			return errors.Newf(errors.TypeInvalidInput, ErrCodeInvalidPlannedMaintenancePayload, "end time cannot be before start time")
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (m PlannedMaintenance) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	now := time.Now().In(time.FixedZone(m.Schedule.Timezone, 0))
 	var status MaintenanceStatus
-	if m.IsActive(time.Now()) {
+	if m.IsActive(now) {
 		status = MaintenanceStatusActive
 	} else if m.IsUpcoming() {
 		status = MaintenanceStatusUpcoming
 	} else {
 		status = MaintenanceStatusExpired
 	}
+	var kind MaintenanceKind
 
-	kind := MaintenanceKindFixed
-	if m.Schedule.Recurrence != nil {
+	if !m.Schedule.StartTime.IsZero() && !m.Schedule.EndTime.IsZero() && m.Schedule.EndTime.After(m.Schedule.StartTime) {
+		kind = MaintenanceKindFixed
+	} else {
 		kind = MaintenanceKindRecurring
 	}
 
@@ -370,29 +439,26 @@ func (m PlannedMaintenance) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	})
 }
 
-func (m *PlannedMaintenanceWithRules) ToPlannedMaintenance() (*PlannedMaintenance, error) {
-	schedule := &Schedule{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(m.Schedule), &schedule); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	ruleIDs := make([]string, 0, len(m.Rules))
-	for _, storableMaintenanceRule := range m.Rules {
-		ruleIDs = append(ruleIDs, storableMaintenanceRule.RuleID.StringValue())
+func (m *PlannedMaintenanceWithRules) ToPlannedMaintenance() *PlannedMaintenance {
+	ruleIDs := []string{}
+	if m.Rules != nil {
+		for _, storableMaintenanceRule := range m.Rules {
+			ruleIDs = append(ruleIDs, storableMaintenanceRule.RuleID.StringValue())
+		}
 	}
 
 	return &PlannedMaintenance{
 		ID:          m.ID,
 		Name:        m.Name,
 		Description: m.Description,
-		Schedule:    schedule,
+		Schedule:    m.Schedule,
 		RuleIDs:     ruleIDs,
 		Scope:       m.Scope,
 		CreatedAt:   m.CreatedAt,
 		UpdatedAt:   m.UpdatedAt,
 		CreatedBy:   m.CreatedBy,
 		UpdatedBy:   m.UpdatedBy,
-	}, nil
+	}
 }
 
 type ListPlannedMaintenanceParams struct {

pkg/types/alertmanagertypes/maintenance_test.go

@@ -8,6 +8,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 )
 
+// Helper function to create a time pointer.
+func timePtr(t time.Time) *time.Time {
+	return &t
+}
+
 func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 	cases := []struct {
 		name        string
@@ -19,9 +24,9 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "only-on-saturday",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "Europe/London",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2025, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+					Timezone: "Europe/London",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2025, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("24h"),
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeWeekly,
 						RepeatOn:   []RepeatOn{RepeatOnMonday, RepeatOnTuesday, RepeatOnWednesday, RepeatOnThursday, RepeatOnFriday, RepeatOnSunday},
@@ -36,10 +41,10 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "weekly-across-midnight-previous-day",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 4, 1, 22, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), // Monday 22:00
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
-						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("4h"), // Until Tuesday 02:00
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 4, 1, 22, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), // Monday 22:00
+						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("4h"),           // Until Tuesday 02:00
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeWeekly,
 						RepeatOn:   []RepeatOn{RepeatOnMonday}, // Only Monday
 					},
@@ -53,10 +58,10 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "weekly-across-midnight-previous-day",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 4, 1, 22, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), // Monday 22:00
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
-						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("4h"), // Until Tuesday 02:00
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 4, 1, 22, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), // Monday 22:00
+						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("4h"),           // Until Tuesday 02:00
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeWeekly,
 						RepeatOn:   []RepeatOn{RepeatOnMonday}, // Only Monday
 					},
@@ -70,10 +75,10 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "weekly-across-midnight-previous-day",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 4, 1, 22, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), // Monday 22:00
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
-						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("52h"), // Until Thursday 02:00
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 4, 1, 22, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), // Monday 22:00
+						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("52h"),          // Until Thursday 02:00
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeWeekly,
 						RepeatOn:   []RepeatOn{RepeatOnMonday}, // Only Monday
 					},
@@ -87,10 +92,10 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "weekly-across-midnight-previous-day-not-in-repeaton",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 4, 2, 22, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), // Tuesday 22:00
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
-						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("4h"), // Until Wednesday 02:00
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 4, 2, 22, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), // Tuesday 22:00
+						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("4h"),           // Until Wednesday 02:00
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeWeekly,
 						RepeatOn:   []RepeatOn{RepeatOnTuesday}, // Only Tuesday
 					},
@@ -104,10 +109,10 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "daily-maintenance-across-midnight",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 23, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), // 23:00
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
-						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"), // Until 01:00 next day
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 23, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), // 23:00
+						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),           // Until 01:00 next day
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeDaily,
 					},
 				},
@@ -120,9 +125,9 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "at-start-time-boundary",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeDaily,
 					},
@@ -136,9 +141,9 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "at-end-time-boundary",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeDaily,
 					},
@@ -152,9 +157,9 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "monthly-multi-day-duration",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 1, 28, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 1, 28, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("72h"), // 3 days
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeMonthly,
 					},
@@ -168,9 +173,9 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "weekly-multi-day-duration",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 1, 28, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 1, 28, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("72h"), // 3 days
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeWeekly,
 						RepeatOn:   []RepeatOn{RepeatOnSunday},
@@ -185,9 +190,9 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "monthly-crosses-to-next-month",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 1, 30, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 1, 30, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("48h"), // 2 days, crosses to Feb 1
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeMonthly,
 					},
@@ -201,9 +206,9 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "timezone-offset-test",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "America/New_York", // UTC-5 or UTC-4 depending on DST
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 22, 0, 0, 0, time.FixedZone("America/New_York", -5*3600)),
+					Timezone: "America/New_York", // UTC-5 or UTC-4 depending on DST
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 22, 0, 0, 0, time.FixedZone("America/New_York", -5*3600)),
 						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("4h"),
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeDaily,
 					},
@@ -217,9 +222,9 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "daily-maintenance-time-outside-window",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeDaily,
 					},
@@ -233,10 +238,10 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "recurring-maintenance-with-past-end-date",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-					EndTime:   time.Date(2024, 1, 10, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+						EndTime:    timePtr(time.Date(2024, 1, 10, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)),
 						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeDaily,
 					},
@@ -250,10 +255,10 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "monthly-maintenance-spans-month-end",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 3, 31, 22, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), // March 31, 22:00
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
-						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("6h"), // Until April 1, 04:00
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 3, 31, 22, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), // March 31, 22:00
+						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("6h"),            // Until April 1, 04:00
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeMonthly,
 					},
 				},
@@ -266,9 +271,9 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "weekly-empty-repeaton",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 4, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 4, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeWeekly,
 						RepeatOn:   []RepeatOn{}, // Empty - should apply to all days
@@ -283,9 +288,9 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "monthly-maintenance-february-fewer-days",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 1, 31, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), // January 31st
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 1, 31, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), // January 31st
 						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeMonthly,
 					},
@@ -298,9 +303,9 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "daily-maintenance-crosses-midnight",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 23, 30, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 23, 30, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("1h"), // Crosses to 00:30 next day
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeDaily,
 					},
@@ -313,9 +318,9 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "monthly-maintenance-crosses-month-end",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 1, 31, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), // January 31st
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 1, 31, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), // January 31st
 						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeMonthly,
 					},
@@ -328,9 +333,9 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "monthly-maintenance-crosses-month-end-and-duration-is-2-days",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 1, 30, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 1, 30, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("48h"), // 2 days duration
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeMonthly,
 					},
@@ -343,10 +348,10 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "weekly-maintenance-crosses-midnight",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 4, 1, 23, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), // Monday 23:00
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
-						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"), // Until Tuesday 01:00
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 4, 1, 23, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), // Monday 23:00
+						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),           // Until Tuesday 01:00
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeWeekly,
 						RepeatOn:   []RepeatOn{RepeatOnMonday}, // Only Monday
 					},
@@ -359,9 +364,9 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "monthly-maintenance-crosses-month-end-and-duration-is-2-days",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 1, 31, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), // January 31st
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 1, 31, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), // January 31st
 						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeMonthly,
 					},
@@ -374,9 +379,9 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "daily-maintenance-crosses-midnight",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 22, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 22, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("4h"), // Until 02:00 next day
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeDaily,
 					},
@@ -389,9 +394,9 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "monthly-maintenance-crosses-month-end-and-duration-is-2-hours",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 1, 31, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 1, 31, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeMonthly,
 					},
@@ -440,9 +445,9 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "recurring maintenance, repeat sunday, saturday, weekly for 24 hours, in Us/Eastern timezone",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "US/Eastern",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2025, 3, 29, 20, 0, 0, 0, time.FixedZone("US/Eastern", -4*3600)),
+					Timezone: "US/Eastern",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2025, 3, 29, 20, 0, 0, 0, time.FixedZone("US/Eastern", -4*3600)),
 						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("24h"),
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeWeekly,
 						RepeatOn:   []RepeatOn{RepeatOnSunday, RepeatOnSaturday},
@@ -453,57 +458,57 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			skip: true,
 		},
 		{
-			name: "recurring maintenance, repeat daily from 12:00 to 14:00, ts < start",
+			name: "recurring maintenance, repeat daily from 12:00 to 14:00",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeDaily,
 					},
 				},
 			},
-			ts:   time.Date(2024, 1, 10, 11, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-			skip: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "recurring maintenance, repeat daily from 12:00 to 14:00, start <= ts <= end",
-			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
-				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
-						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),
-						RepeatType: RepeatTypeDaily,
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			ts:   time.Date(2024, 1, 10, 13, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+			ts:   time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 12, 10, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 			skip: true,
 		},
 		{
-			name: "recurring maintenance, repeat daily from 12:00 to 14:00, start > end",
+			name: "recurring maintenance, repeat daily from 12:00 to 14:00",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeDaily,
 					},
 				},
 			},
-			ts:   time.Date(2024, 1, 10, 15, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-			skip: false,
+			ts:   time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 14, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+			skip: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "recurring maintenance, repeat daily from 12:00 to 14:00",
+			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
+				Schedule: &Schedule{
+					Timezone: "UTC",
+					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),
+						RepeatType: RepeatTypeDaily,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			ts:   time.Date(2024, 4, 1, 12, 10, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+			skip: true,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "recurring maintenance, repeat weekly on monday from 12:00 to 14:00",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 4, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 4, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeWeekly,
 						RepeatOn:   []RepeatOn{RepeatOnMonday},
@@ -517,9 +522,9 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "recurring maintenance, repeat weekly on monday from 12:00 to 14:00",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 4, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 4, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeWeekly,
 						RepeatOn:   []RepeatOn{RepeatOnMonday},
@@ -533,9 +538,9 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "recurring maintenance, repeat weekly on monday from 12:00 to 14:00",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 4, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 4, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeWeekly,
 						RepeatOn:   []RepeatOn{RepeatOnMonday},
@@ -549,9 +554,9 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "recurring maintenance, repeat weekly on monday from 12:00 to 14:00",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 4, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 4, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeWeekly,
 						RepeatOn:   []RepeatOn{RepeatOnMonday},
@@ -565,9 +570,9 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "recurring maintenance, repeat weekly on monday from 12:00 to 14:00",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 4, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 4, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeWeekly,
 						RepeatOn:   []RepeatOn{RepeatOnMonday},
@@ -581,9 +586,9 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "recurring maintenance, repeat monthly on 4th from 12:00 to 14:00",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 4, 4, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 4, 4, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeMonthly,
 					},
@@ -596,9 +601,9 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "recurring maintenance, repeat monthly on 4th from 12:00 to 14:00",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 4, 4, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 4, 4, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeMonthly,
 					},
@@ -611,9 +616,9 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			name: "recurring maintenance, repeat monthly on 4th from 12:00 to 14:00",
 			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
 				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: time.Date(2024, 4, 4, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+					Timezone: "UTC",
 					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2024, 4, 4, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),
 						RepeatType: RepeatTypeMonthly,
 					},
@@ -622,6 +627,45 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 			ts:   time.Date(2024, 5, 4, 12, 10, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 			skip: true,
 		},
+		// The recurrence should govern, when set. Not the fixed range.
+		{
+			name: "recurring-daily-with-fixed-times-outside-daily-window",
+			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
+				Schedule: &Schedule{
+					Timezone: "UTC",
+					// These fixed fields should be ignored when Recurrence is set.
+					StartTime: time.Date(2026, 4, 1, 14, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+					EndTime:   time.Date(2026, 4, 30, 18, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2026, 4, 1, 14, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), // daily at 14:00
+						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),           // until 16:00
+						RepeatType: RepeatTypeDaily,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			// 2026-04-15 11:00 is inside the fixed range but outside the daily 14:00-16:00 window.
+			ts:   time.Date(2026, 4, 15, 11, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+			skip: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "recurring-daily-with-fixed-times-inside-daily-window",
+			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{
+				Schedule: &Schedule{
+					Timezone:  "UTC",
+					StartTime: time.Date(2026, 4, 1, 14, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+					EndTime:   time.Date(2026, 4, 30, 18, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+					Recurrence: &Recurrence{
+						StartTime:  time.Date(2026, 4, 1, 14, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+						EndTime:    timePtr(time.Date(2026, 4, 30, 18, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)),
+						Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),
+						RepeatType: RepeatTypeDaily,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			// 15:00 is inside the daily 14:00-16:00 window. Should skip.
+			ts:   time.Date(2026, 4, 15, 15, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+			skip: true,
+		},
 	}
 
 	for idx, c := range cases {
@@ -635,211 +679,13 @@ func TestShouldSkipMaintenance(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestIsActiveFixedSchedule(t *testing.T) {
-	start := time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
-	end := time.Date(2024, 1, 10, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
-
-	cases := []struct {
-		name      string
-		startTime time.Time
-		endTime   time.Time
-		now       time.Time
-		active    bool
-	}{
-		{
-			name:      "no end, t < start",
-			startTime: start,
-			now:       start.Add(-time.Hour),
-			active:    false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "no end, start == t",
-			startTime: start,
-			now:       start,
-			active:    true,
-		},
-		{
-			// A fixed schedule with no end time stays active indefinitely.
-			name:      "no end, start << t",
-			startTime: start,
-			now:       start.AddDate(10, 0, 0),
-			active:    true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "with end, start < t < end",
-			startTime: start,
-			endTime:   end,
-			now:       start.Add(24 * time.Hour),
-			active:    true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "with end, t == end",
-			startTime: start,
-			endTime:   end,
-			now:       end,
-			active:    true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "with end, end < t",
-			startTime: start,
-			endTime:   end,
-			now:       end.Add(time.Hour),
-			active:    false,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, c := range cases {
-		t.Run(c.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			m := &PlannedMaintenance{
-				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:  "UTC",
-					StartTime: c.startTime,
-					EndTime:   c.endTime,
-				},
-			}
-			if got := m.IsActive(c.now); got != c.active {
-				t.Errorf("IsActive() = %v, want %v", got, c.active)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestIsActiveRecurringSchedule(t *testing.T) {
-	// Daily window 12:00-14:00, starting 2024-01-01 (a Monday).
-	start := time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
-
-	daily := &Recurrence{
-		Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),
-		RepeatType: RepeatTypeDaily,
-	}
-
-	cases := []struct {
-		name       string
-		startTime  time.Time
-		endTime    time.Time
-		recurrence *Recurrence
-		now        time.Time
-		active     bool
-	}{
-		{
-			// The recurrence has not begun yet, even though the time-of-day matches.
-			name:       "daily: t < recurrence start",
-			startTime:  start,
-			recurrence: daily,
-			now:        time.Date(2023, 12, 31, 13, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-			active:     false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:       "daily: no end, within window",
-			startTime:  start,
-			recurrence: daily,
-			now:        time.Date(2024, 6, 15, 13, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-			active:     true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:       "daily: no end, outside window",
-			startTime:  start,
-			recurrence: daily,
-			now:        time.Date(2024, 6, 15, 15, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-			active:     false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:       "daily: at window start boundary",
-			startTime:  start,
-			recurrence: daily,
-			now:        time.Date(2024, 6, 15, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-			active:     true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:       "daily: at window end boundary",
-			startTime:  start,
-			recurrence: daily,
-			now:        time.Date(2024, 6, 15, 14, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-			active:     true,
-		},
-		{
-			// Past the recurrence end, the time-of-day match no longer applies.
-			name:       "daily: t > recurrence end",
-			startTime:  start,
-			endTime:    time.Date(2024, 1, 10, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-			recurrence: daily,
-			now:        time.Date(2024, 1, 15, 13, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-			active:     false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:       "daily: before recurrence end, within window",
-			startTime:  start,
-			endTime:    time.Date(2024, 1, 10, 23, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-			recurrence: daily,
-			now:        time.Date(2024, 1, 10, 13, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-			active:     true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "weekly: on allowed day, within window",
-			startTime: start, // Monday
-			recurrence: &Recurrence{
-				Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),
-				RepeatType: RepeatTypeWeekly,
-				RepeatOn:   []RepeatOn{RepeatOnMonday},
-			},
-			now:    time.Date(2024, 4, 15, 13, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), // a Monday
-			active: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "weekly: on non-allowed day",
-			startTime: start,
-			recurrence: &Recurrence{
-				Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),
-				RepeatType: RepeatTypeWeekly,
-				RepeatOn:   []RepeatOn{RepeatOnMonday},
-			},
-			now:    time.Date(2024, 4, 16, 13, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), // a Tuesday
-			active: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "monthly: on day-of-month, within window",
-			startTime: time.Date(2024, 1, 4, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-			recurrence: &Recurrence{
-				Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),
-				RepeatType: RepeatTypeMonthly,
-			},
-			now:    time.Date(2024, 5, 4, 13, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-			active: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "monthly: on different day-of-month",
-			startTime: time.Date(2024, 1, 4, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-			recurrence: &Recurrence{
-				Duration:   valuer.MustParseTextDuration("2h"),
-				RepeatType: RepeatTypeMonthly,
-			},
-			now:    time.Date(2024, 5, 5, 13, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-			active: false,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, c := range cases {
-		t.Run(c.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			m := &PlannedMaintenance{
-				Schedule: &Schedule{
-					Timezone:   "UTC",
-					StartTime:  c.startTime,
-					EndTime:    c.endTime,
-					Recurrence: c.recurrence,
-				},
-			}
-			if got := m.IsActive(c.now); got != c.active {
-				t.Errorf("IsActive() = %v, want %v", got, c.active)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 func TestShouldSkip_Scope(t *testing.T) {
-	activeSchedule := &Schedule{
-		Timezone:  "UTC",
-		StartTime: time.Now().UTC().Add(-time.Hour),
-		EndTime:   time.Now().UTC().Add(time.Hour),
+	activeSchedule := func() *Schedule {
+		return &Schedule{
+			Timezone:  "UTC",
+			StartTime: time.Now().UTC().Add(-time.Hour),
+			EndTime:   time.Now().UTC().Add(time.Hour),
+		}
 	}
 	now := time.Now().UTC()
 
@@ -853,7 +699,7 @@ func TestShouldSkip_Scope(t *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{
 			name:        "empty scope - no label filtering applied",
-			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{Schedule: activeSchedule},
+			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{Schedule: activeSchedule()},
 			ruleID:      "rule-1",
 			ts:          now,
 			lset:        model.LabelSet{"env": "production"},
@@ -861,7 +707,7 @@ func TestShouldSkip_Scope(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name:        "scope matches labels",
-			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{Schedule: activeSchedule, Scope: `env = "production"`},
+			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{Schedule: activeSchedule(), Scope: `env = "production"`},
 			ruleID:      "rule-1",
 			ts:          now,
 			lset:        model.LabelSet{"env": "production"},
@@ -869,7 +715,7 @@ func TestShouldSkip_Scope(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name:        "scope does not match labels",
-			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{Schedule: activeSchedule, Scope: `env = "production"`},
+			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{Schedule: activeSchedule(), Scope: `env = "production"`},
 			ruleID:      "rule-1",
 			ts:          now,
 			lset:        model.LabelSet{"env": "staging"},
@@ -877,7 +723,7 @@ func TestShouldSkip_Scope(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name:        "AND expression - both conditions match",
-			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{Schedule: activeSchedule, Scope: `env = "production" AND service = "api"`},
+			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{Schedule: activeSchedule(), Scope: `env = "production" AND service = "api"`},
 			ruleID:      "rule-1",
 			ts:          now,
 			lset:        model.LabelSet{"env": "production", "service": "api"},
@@ -885,7 +731,7 @@ func TestShouldSkip_Scope(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name:        "AND expression - one condition does not match",
-			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{Schedule: activeSchedule, Scope: `env = "production" AND service = "api"`},
+			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{Schedule: activeSchedule(), Scope: `env = "production" AND service = "api"`},
 			ruleID:      "rule-1",
 			ts:          now,
 			lset:        model.LabelSet{"env": "production", "service": "worker"},
@@ -893,7 +739,7 @@ func TestShouldSkip_Scope(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name:        "OR expression - first alternative matches",
-			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{Schedule: activeSchedule, Scope: `env = "production" OR env = "staging"`},
+			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{Schedule: activeSchedule(), Scope: `env = "production" OR env = "staging"`},
 			ruleID:      "rule-1",
 			ts:          now,
 			lset:        model.LabelSet{"env": "production"},
@@ -901,7 +747,7 @@ func TestShouldSkip_Scope(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name:        "OR expression - second alternative matches",
-			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{Schedule: activeSchedule, Scope: `env = "production" OR env = "staging"`},
+			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{Schedule: activeSchedule(), Scope: `env = "production" OR env = "staging"`},
 			ruleID:      "rule-1",
 			ts:          now,
 			lset:        model.LabelSet{"env": "staging"},
@@ -909,7 +755,7 @@ func TestShouldSkip_Scope(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name:        "OR expression - neither alternative matches",
-			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{Schedule: activeSchedule, Scope: `env = "production" OR env = "staging"`},
+			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{Schedule: activeSchedule(), Scope: `env = "production" OR env = "staging"`},
 			ruleID:      "rule-1",
 			ts:          now,
 			lset:        model.LabelSet{"env": "development"},
@@ -917,7 +763,7 @@ func TestShouldSkip_Scope(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name:        "scope references label absent from lset",
-			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{Schedule: activeSchedule, Scope: `env = "production"`},
+			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{Schedule: activeSchedule(), Scope: `env = "production"`},
 			ruleID:      "rule-1",
 			ts:          now,
 			lset:        model.LabelSet{"service": "api"},
@@ -925,7 +771,7 @@ func TestShouldSkip_Scope(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name:        "in expression - value is in list",
-			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{Schedule: activeSchedule, Scope: `env in ["production", "staging"]`},
+			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{Schedule: activeSchedule(), Scope: `env in ["production", "staging"]`},
 			ruleID:      "rule-1",
 			ts:          now,
 			lset:        model.LabelSet{"env": "staging"},
@@ -933,7 +779,7 @@ func TestShouldSkip_Scope(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name:        "in expression - value not in list",
-			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{Schedule: activeSchedule, Scope: `env in ["production", "staging"]`},
+			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{Schedule: activeSchedule(), Scope: `env in ["production", "staging"]`},
 			ruleID:      "rule-1",
 			ts:          now,
 			lset:        model.LabelSet{"env": "development"},
@@ -941,7 +787,7 @@ func TestShouldSkip_Scope(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name:        "ruleID in list and scope matches - should skip",
-			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{Schedule: activeSchedule, RuleIDs: []string{"rule-1", "rule-2"}, Scope: `env = "production"`},
+			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{Schedule: activeSchedule(), RuleIDs: []string{"rule-1", "rule-2"}, Scope: `env = "production"`},
 			ruleID:      "rule-1",
 			ts:          now,
 			lset:        model.LabelSet{"env": "production"},
@@ -949,7 +795,7 @@ func TestShouldSkip_Scope(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name:        "ruleID not in list and scope matches - ruleID gate prevents skip",
-			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{Schedule: activeSchedule, RuleIDs: []string{"rule-2"}, Scope: `env = "production"`},
+			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{Schedule: activeSchedule(), RuleIDs: []string{"rule-2"}, Scope: `env = "production"`},
 			ruleID:      "rule-1",
 			ts:          now,
 			lset:        model.LabelSet{"env": "production"},
@@ -957,7 +803,7 @@ func TestShouldSkip_Scope(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name:        "ruleID in list but scope does not match - should not skip",
-			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{Schedule: activeSchedule, RuleIDs: []string{"rule-1"}, Scope: `env = "production"`},
+			maintenance: &PlannedMaintenance{Schedule: activeSchedule(), RuleIDs: []string{"rule-1"}, Scope: `env = "production"`},
 			ruleID:      "rule-1",
 			ts:          now,
 			lset:        model.LabelSet{"env": "staging"},

pkg/types/alertmanagertypes/recurrence.go

@@ -66,9 +66,9 @@ var RepeatOnAllMap = map[RepeatOn]time.Weekday{
 	RepeatOnSaturday:  time.Saturday,
 }
 
-// Recurrence describes the repeat pattern of a planned maintenance.
-// The window bounds (start/end) live on the enclosing Schedule.
 type Recurrence struct {
+	StartTime  time.Time           `json:"startTime" required:"true"`
+	EndTime    *time.Time          `json:"endTime,omitempty"`
 	Duration   valuer.TextDuration `json:"duration" required:"true"`
 	RepeatType RepeatType          `json:"repeatType" required:"true"`
 	RepeatOn   []RepeatOn          `json:"repeatOn"`

pkg/types/alertmanagertypes/schedule.go

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 
 type Schedule struct {
 	Timezone   string      `json:"timezone" required:"true"`
-	StartTime  time.Time   `json:"startTime" required:"true"`
+	StartTime  time.Time   `json:"startTime,omitempty"`
 	EndTime    time.Time   `json:"endTime,omitzero"`
 	Recurrence *Recurrence `json:"recurrence"`
 }
@@ -39,12 +39,29 @@ func (s Schedule) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	// Marshal times in the selected timezone.
-	// This ensures that recurring events are handled correctly when DST is involved.
-	startTime := s.StartTime.In(loc)
-	var endTime time.Time
+	var startTime, endTime time.Time
+	if !s.StartTime.IsZero() {
+		startTime = time.Date(s.StartTime.Year(), s.StartTime.Month(), s.StartTime.Day(), s.StartTime.Hour(), s.StartTime.Minute(), s.StartTime.Second(), s.StartTime.Nanosecond(), loc)
+	}
 	if !s.EndTime.IsZero() {
-		endTime = s.EndTime.In(loc)
+		endTime = time.Date(s.EndTime.Year(), s.EndTime.Month(), s.EndTime.Day(), s.EndTime.Hour(), s.EndTime.Minute(), s.EndTime.Second(), s.EndTime.Nanosecond(), loc)
+	}
+
+	var recurrence *Recurrence
+	if s.Recurrence != nil {
+		recStartTime := time.Date(s.Recurrence.StartTime.Year(), s.Recurrence.StartTime.Month(), s.Recurrence.StartTime.Day(), s.Recurrence.StartTime.Hour(), s.Recurrence.StartTime.Minute(), s.Recurrence.StartTime.Second(), s.Recurrence.StartTime.Nanosecond(), loc)
+		var recEndTime *time.Time
+		if s.Recurrence.EndTime != nil {
+			end := time.Date(s.Recurrence.EndTime.Year(), s.Recurrence.EndTime.Month(), s.Recurrence.EndTime.Day(), s.Recurrence.EndTime.Hour(), s.Recurrence.EndTime.Minute(), s.Recurrence.EndTime.Second(), s.Recurrence.EndTime.Nanosecond(), loc)
+			recEndTime = &end
+		}
+		recurrence = &Recurrence{
+			StartTime:  recStartTime,
+			EndTime:    recEndTime,
+			Duration:   s.Recurrence.Duration,
+			RepeatType: s.Recurrence.RepeatType,
+			RepeatOn:   s.Recurrence.RepeatOn,
+		}
 	}
 
 	return json.Marshal(&struct {
@@ -56,7 +73,7 @@ func (s Schedule) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 		Timezone:   s.Timezone,
 		StartTime:  startTime,
 		EndTime:    endTime,
-		Recurrence: s.Recurrence,
+		Recurrence: recurrence,
 	})
 }
 
@@ -71,35 +88,55 @@ func (s *Schedule) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if aux.Timezone == "" {
-		return errors.Newf(errors.TypeInvalidInput, errors.CodeInvalidInput, "missing timezone")
-	}
-
 	loc, err := time.LoadLocation(aux.Timezone)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Newf(errors.TypeInvalidInput, errors.CodeInvalidInput, `invalid timezone "%s"`, aux.Timezone)
+		return err
 	}
 
-	startTime, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, aux.StartTime)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Newf(errors.TypeInvalidInput, errors.CodeInvalidInput, `invalid start time "%s"`, aux.StartTime)
+	var startTime time.Time
+	if aux.StartTime != "" {
+		startTime, err = time.Parse(time.RFC3339, aux.StartTime)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		s.StartTime = time.Date(startTime.Year(), startTime.Month(), startTime.Day(), startTime.Hour(), startTime.Minute(), startTime.Second(), startTime.Nanosecond(), loc)
 	}
-	startTime = startTime.In(loc)
 
 	var endTime time.Time
 	if aux.EndTime != "" {
 		endTime, err = time.Parse(time.RFC3339, aux.EndTime)
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Newf(errors.TypeInvalidInput, errors.CodeInvalidInput, `invalid end time "%s"`, aux.EndTime)
-		}
-		if !endTime.IsZero() {
-			endTime = endTime.In(loc)
+			return err
 		}
+		// TODO(jatinderjit): if endTime.IsZero() then we should not set the endTime
+		s.EndTime = time.Date(endTime.Year(), endTime.Month(), endTime.Day(), endTime.Hour(), endTime.Minute(), endTime.Second(), endTime.Nanosecond(), loc)
 	}
 
 	s.Timezone = aux.Timezone
-	s.StartTime = startTime
-	s.EndTime = endTime
-	s.Recurrence = aux.Recurrence
+
+	if aux.Recurrence != nil {
+		recStartTime, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, aux.Recurrence.StartTime.Format(time.RFC3339))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		var recEndTime *time.Time
+		if aux.Recurrence.EndTime != nil {
+			end, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, aux.Recurrence.EndTime.Format(time.RFC3339))
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			endConverted := time.Date(end.Year(), end.Month(), end.Day(), end.Hour(), end.Minute(), end.Second(), end.Nanosecond(), loc)
+			recEndTime = &endConverted
+		}
+
+		s.Recurrence = &Recurrence{
+			StartTime:  time.Date(recStartTime.Year(), recStartTime.Month(), recStartTime.Day(), recStartTime.Hour(), recStartTime.Minute(), recStartTime.Second(), recStartTime.Nanosecond(), loc),
+			EndTime:    recEndTime,
+			Duration:   aux.Recurrence.Duration,
+			RepeatType: aux.Recurrence.RepeatType,
+			RepeatOn:   aux.Recurrence.RepeatOn,
+		}
+	}
 	return nil
 }