feat: toggle foreign key constraint

* chore: replace prop drilling with fetch store

* chore: variables based panel fetching

* chore: add tests

* chore: move tests

* chore: add tests for new hook

* chore: resolve comments

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -43,6 +43,12 @@
 /pkg/analytics/ @vikrantgupta25
 /pkg/statsreporter/ @vikrantgupta25
 
+# Emailing Owners
+
+/pkg/emailing/ @vikrantgupta25
+/pkg/types/emailtypes/ @vikrantgupta25
+/templates/email/ @vikrantgupta25
+
 # Querier Owners
 
 /pkg/querier/ @srikanthccv

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -14,5 +14,8 @@
 	},
 	"[sql]": {
 		"editor.defaultFormatter": "adpyke.vscode-sql-formatter"
+	},
+	"[html]": {
+		"editor.defaultFormatter": "vscode.html-language-features"
 	}
 }

conf/example.yaml

@@ -193,6 +193,15 @@ emailing:
   templates:
     # The directory containing the email templates. This directory should contain a list of files defined at pkg/types/emailtypes/template.go.
     directory: /opt/signoz/conf/templates/email
+    format:
+      header:
+        enabled: false
+        logo_url: ""
+      help:
+        enabled: false
+        email: ""
+      footer:
+        enabled: false
   smtp:
     # The SMTP server address.
     address: localhost:25
@@ -300,3 +309,14 @@ user:
       allow_self: true
       # The duration within which a user can reset their password.
       max_token_lifetime: 6h
+  root:
+    # Whether to enable the root user. When enabled, a root user is provisioned
+    # on startup using the email and password below. The root user cannot be
+    # deleted, updated, or have their password changed through the UI.
+    enabled: false
+    # The email address of the root user.
+    email: ""
+    # The password of the root user. Must meet password requirements.
+    password: ""
+    # The name of the organization to create or look up for the root user.
+    org_name: default

docs/api/openapi.yml

@@ -4678,6 +4678,8 @@ components:
           type: string
         id:
           type: string
+        isRoot:
+          type: boolean
         orgId:
           type: string
         role:

ee/query-service/app/api/api.go

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ type APIHandler struct {
 }
 
 // NewAPIHandler returns an APIHandler
-func NewAPIHandler(opts APIHandlerOptions, signoz *signoz.SigNoz) (*APIHandler, error) {
+func NewAPIHandler(opts APIHandlerOptions, signoz *signoz.SigNoz, config signoz.Config) (*APIHandler, error) {
 	baseHandler, err := baseapp.NewAPIHandler(baseapp.APIHandlerOpts{
 		Reader:                        opts.DataConnector,
 		RuleManager:                   opts.RulesManager,
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ func NewAPIHandler(opts APIHandlerOptions, signoz *signoz.SigNoz) (*APIHandler,
 		Signoz:                        signoz,
 		QuerierAPI:                    querierAPI.NewAPI(signoz.Instrumentation.ToProviderSettings(), signoz.Querier, signoz.Analytics),
 		QueryParserAPI:                queryparser.NewAPI(signoz.Instrumentation.ToProviderSettings(), signoz.QueryParser),
-	})
+	}, config)
 
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err

ee/query-service/app/server.go

@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ func NewServer(config signoz.Config, signoz *signoz.SigNoz) (*Server, error) {
 		GlobalConfig:                  config.Global,
 	}
 
-	apiHandler, err := api.NewAPIHandler(apiOpts, signoz)
+	apiHandler, err := api.NewAPIHandler(apiOpts, signoz, config)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}

frontend/__mocks__/uplotMock.ts

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ export interface MockUPlotInstance {
 export interface MockUPlotPaths {
 	spline: jest.Mock;
 	bars: jest.Mock;
+	linear: jest.Mock;
+	stepped: jest.Mock;
 }
 
 // Create mock instance methods
@@ -23,10 +25,23 @@ const createMockUPlotInstance = (): MockUPlotInstance => ({
 	setSeries: jest.fn(),
 });
 
-// Create mock paths
-const mockPaths: MockUPlotPaths = {
-	spline: jest.fn(),
-	bars: jest.fn(),
+// Path builder: (self, seriesIdx, idx0, idx1) => paths or null
+const createMockPathBuilder = (name: string): jest.Mock =>
+	jest.fn(() => ({
+		name, // To test if the correct pathBuilder is used
+		stroke: jest.fn(),
+		fill: jest.fn(),
+		clip: jest.fn(),
+	}));
+
+// Create mock paths - linear, spline, stepped needed by UPlotSeriesBuilder.getPathBuilder
+const mockPaths = {
+	spline: jest.fn(() => createMockPathBuilder('spline')),
+	bars: jest.fn(() => createMockPathBuilder('bars')),
+	linear: jest.fn(() => createMockPathBuilder('linear')),
+	stepped: jest.fn((opts?: { align?: number }) =>
+		createMockPathBuilder(`stepped-(${opts?.align ?? 0})`),
+	),
 };
 
 // Mock static methods

frontend/src/api/dashboard/variables/dashboardVariablesQuery.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import {
 
 const dashboardVariablesQuery = async (
 	props: Props,
+	signal?: AbortSignal,
 ): Promise<SuccessResponse<VariableResponseProps> | ErrorResponse> => {
 	try {
 		const { globalTime } = store.getState();
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ const dashboardVariablesQuery = async (
 
 		payload.variables = { ...payload.variables, ...timeVariables };
 
-		const response = await axios.post(`/variables/query`, payload);
+		const response = await axios.post(`/variables/query`, payload, { signal });
 
 		return {
 			statusCode: 200,

frontend/src/api/dynamicVariables/getFieldValues.ts

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ export const getFieldValues = async (
 	startUnixMilli?: number,
 	endUnixMilli?: number,
 	existingQuery?: string,
+	abortSignal?: AbortSignal,
 ): Promise<SuccessResponseV2<FieldValueResponse>> => {
 	const params: Record<string, string> = {};
 
@@ -47,7 +48,10 @@ export const getFieldValues = async (
 	}
 
 	try {
-		const response = await axios.get('/fields/values', { params });
+		const response = await axios.get('/fields/values', {
+			params,
+			signal: abortSignal,
+		});
 
 		// Normalize values from different types (stringValues, boolValues, etc.)
 		if (response.data?.data?.values) {

frontend/src/api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas.ts

@@ -1542,6 +1542,10 @@ export interface TypesUserDTO {
 	 * @type string
 	 */
 	id?: string;
+	/**
+	 * @type boolean
+	 */
+	isRoot?: boolean;
 	/**
 	 * @type string
 	 */

frontend/src/api/v5/queryRange/convertV5Response.test.ts

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ describe('convertV5ResponseToLegacy', () => {
 		const v5Data: QueryRangeResponseV5 = {
 			type: 'time_series',
 			data: { results: [timeSeries] },
-			meta: { rowsScanned: 0, bytesScanned: 0, durationMs: 0 },
+			meta: { rowsScanned: 0, bytesScanned: 0, durationMs: 0, stepIntervals: {} },
 		};
 
 		const params = makeBaseParams('time_series', [
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ describe('convertV5ResponseToLegacy', () => {
 		const v5Data: QueryRangeResponseV5 = {
 			type: 'scalar',
 			data: { results: [scalar] },
-			meta: { rowsScanned: 0, bytesScanned: 0, durationMs: 0 },
+			meta: { rowsScanned: 0, bytesScanned: 0, durationMs: 0, stepIntervals: {} },
 		};
 
 		const params = makeBaseParams('scalar', [
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ describe('convertV5ResponseToLegacy', () => {
 		const v5Data: QueryRangeResponseV5 = {
 			type: 'scalar',
 			data: { results: [scalar] },
-			meta: { rowsScanned: 0, bytesScanned: 0, durationMs: 0 },
+			meta: { rowsScanned: 0, bytesScanned: 0, durationMs: 0, stepIntervals: {} },
 		};
 
 		const params = makeBaseParams('scalar', [

frontend/src/api/v5/queryRange/convertV5Response.ts

@@ -388,6 +388,7 @@ export function convertV5ResponseToLegacy(
 					warnings: v5Data?.data?.warning || [],
 				},
 				warning: v5Data?.warning || undefined,
+				meta: v5Data?.meta,
 			},
 			warning: v5Data?.warning || undefined,
 		};
@@ -406,6 +407,7 @@ export function convertV5ResponseToLegacy(
 		payload: {
 			data: convertedData,
 			warning: v5Response.payload?.data?.warning || undefined,
+			meta: v5Data?.meta,
 		},
 	};
 

frontend/src/components/NewSelect/CustomMultiSelect.tsx

@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ const CustomMultiSelect: React.FC<CustomMultiSelectProps> = ({
 	enableRegexOption = false,
 	isDynamicVariable = false,
 	showRetryButton = true,
+	waitingMessage,
 	...rest
 }) => {
 	// ===== State & Refs =====
@@ -1681,6 +1682,7 @@ const CustomMultiSelect: React.FC<CustomMultiSelectProps> = ({
 					{!loading &&
 						!errorMessage &&
 						!noDataMessage &&
+						!waitingMessage &&
 						!(showIncompleteDataMessage && isScrolledToBottom) && (
 							<section className="navigate">
 								<ArrowDown size={8} className="icons" />
@@ -1698,7 +1700,17 @@ const CustomMultiSelect: React.FC<CustomMultiSelectProps> = ({
 							<div className="navigation-text">Refreshing values...</div>
 						</div>
 					)}
-					{errorMessage && !loading && (
+					{!loading && waitingMessage && (
+						<div className="navigation-loading">
+							<div className="navigation-icons">
+								<LoadingOutlined />
+							</div>
+							<div className="navigation-text" title={waitingMessage}>
+								{waitingMessage}
+							</div>
+						</div>
+					)}
+					{errorMessage && !loading && !waitingMessage && (
 						<div className="navigation-error">
 							<div className="navigation-text">
 								{errorMessage || SOMETHING_WENT_WRONG}
@@ -1720,6 +1732,7 @@ const CustomMultiSelect: React.FC<CustomMultiSelectProps> = ({
 					{showIncompleteDataMessage &&
 						isScrolledToBottom &&
 						!loading &&
+						!waitingMessage &&
 						!errorMessage && (
 							<div className="navigation-text-incomplete">
 								Don&apos;t see the value? Use search
@@ -1762,6 +1775,7 @@ const CustomMultiSelect: React.FC<CustomMultiSelectProps> = ({
 		isDarkMode,
 		isDynamicVariable,
 		showRetryButton,
+		waitingMessage,
 	]);
 
 	// Custom handler for dropdown visibility changes

frontend/src/components/NewSelect/CustomSelect.tsx

@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ const CustomSelect: React.FC<CustomSelectProps> = ({
 	showIncompleteDataMessage = false,
 	showRetryButton = true,
 	isDynamicVariable = false,
+	waitingMessage,
 	...rest
 }) => {
 	// ===== State & Refs =====
@@ -568,6 +569,7 @@ const CustomSelect: React.FC<CustomSelectProps> = ({
 					{!loading &&
 						!errorMessage &&
 						!noDataMessage &&
+						!waitingMessage &&
 						!(showIncompleteDataMessage && isScrolledToBottom) && (
 							<section className="navigate">
 								<ArrowDown size={8} className="icons" />
@@ -583,6 +585,16 @@ const CustomSelect: React.FC<CustomSelectProps> = ({
 							<div className="navigation-text">Refreshing values...</div>
 						</div>
 					)}
+					{!loading && waitingMessage && (
+						<div className="navigation-loading">
+							<div className="navigation-icons">
+								<LoadingOutlined />
+							</div>
+							<div className="navigation-text" title={waitingMessage}>
+								{waitingMessage}
+							</div>
+						</div>
+					)}
 					{errorMessage && !loading && (
 						<div className="navigation-error">
 							<div className="navigation-text">
@@ -605,6 +617,7 @@ const CustomSelect: React.FC<CustomSelectProps> = ({
 					{showIncompleteDataMessage &&
 						isScrolledToBottom &&
 						!loading &&
+						!waitingMessage &&
 						!errorMessage && (
 							<div className="navigation-text-incomplete">
 								Don&apos;t see the value? Use search
@@ -641,6 +654,7 @@ const CustomSelect: React.FC<CustomSelectProps> = ({
 		showRetryButton,
 		isDarkMode,
 		isDynamicVariable,
+		waitingMessage,
 	]);
 
 	// Handle dropdown visibility changes

frontend/src/components/NewSelect/__test__/VariableItem.integration.test.tsx

@@ -78,12 +78,10 @@ function TestWrapper({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }): JSX.Element {
 describe('VariableItem Integration Tests', () => {
 	let user: ReturnType<typeof userEvent.setup>;
 	let mockOnValueUpdate: jest.Mock;
-	let mockSetVariablesToGetUpdated: jest.Mock;
 
 	beforeEach(() => {
 		user = userEvent.setup();
 		mockOnValueUpdate = jest.fn();
-		mockSetVariablesToGetUpdated = jest.fn();
 		jest.clearAllMocks();
 	});
 
@@ -102,9 +100,6 @@ describe('VariableItem Integration Tests', () => {
 						variableData={variable}
 						existingVariables={{}}
 						onValueUpdate={mockOnValueUpdate}
-						variablesToGetUpdated={[]}
-						setVariablesToGetUpdated={mockSetVariablesToGetUpdated}
-						dependencyData={null}
 					/>
 				</TestWrapper>,
 			);
@@ -150,9 +145,6 @@ describe('VariableItem Integration Tests', () => {
 						variableData={variable}
 						existingVariables={{}}
 						onValueUpdate={mockOnValueUpdate}
-						variablesToGetUpdated={[]}
-						setVariablesToGetUpdated={mockSetVariablesToGetUpdated}
-						dependencyData={null}
 					/>
 				</TestWrapper>,
 			);
@@ -195,9 +187,6 @@ describe('VariableItem Integration Tests', () => {
 						variableData={variable}
 						existingVariables={{}}
 						onValueUpdate={mockOnValueUpdate}
-						variablesToGetUpdated={[]}
-						setVariablesToGetUpdated={mockSetVariablesToGetUpdated}
-						dependencyData={null}
 					/>
 				</TestWrapper>,
 			);
@@ -247,9 +236,6 @@ describe('VariableItem Integration Tests', () => {
 						variableData={variable}
 						existingVariables={{}}
 						onValueUpdate={mockOnValueUpdate}
-						variablesToGetUpdated={[]}
-						setVariablesToGetUpdated={mockSetVariablesToGetUpdated}
-						dependencyData={null}
 					/>
 				</TestWrapper>,
 			);
@@ -272,9 +258,6 @@ describe('VariableItem Integration Tests', () => {
 						variableData={variable}
 						existingVariables={{}}
 						onValueUpdate={mockOnValueUpdate}
-						variablesToGetUpdated={[]}
-						setVariablesToGetUpdated={mockSetVariablesToGetUpdated}
-						dependencyData={null}
 					/>
 				</TestWrapper>,
 			);
@@ -308,9 +291,6 @@ describe('VariableItem Integration Tests', () => {
 						variableData={variable}
 						existingVariables={{}}
 						onValueUpdate={mockOnValueUpdate}
-						variablesToGetUpdated={[]}
-						setVariablesToGetUpdated={mockSetVariablesToGetUpdated}
-						dependencyData={null}
 					/>
 				</TestWrapper>,
 			);
@@ -344,9 +324,6 @@ describe('VariableItem Integration Tests', () => {
 						variableData={variable}
 						existingVariables={{}}
 						onValueUpdate={mockOnValueUpdate}
-						variablesToGetUpdated={[]}
-						setVariablesToGetUpdated={mockSetVariablesToGetUpdated}
-						dependencyData={null}
 					/>
 				</TestWrapper>,
 			);
@@ -369,9 +346,6 @@ describe('VariableItem Integration Tests', () => {
 						variableData={variable}
 						existingVariables={{}}
 						onValueUpdate={mockOnValueUpdate}
-						variablesToGetUpdated={[]}
-						setVariablesToGetUpdated={mockSetVariablesToGetUpdated}
-						dependencyData={null}
 					/>
 				</TestWrapper>,
 			);
@@ -405,9 +379,6 @@ describe('VariableItem Integration Tests', () => {
 						variableData={variable}
 						existingVariables={{}}
 						onValueUpdate={mockOnValueUpdate}
-						variablesToGetUpdated={[]}
-						setVariablesToGetUpdated={mockSetVariablesToGetUpdated}
-						dependencyData={null}
 					/>
 				</TestWrapper>,
 			);
@@ -461,9 +432,6 @@ describe('VariableItem Integration Tests', () => {
 						variableData={variable}
 						existingVariables={{}}
 						onValueUpdate={mockOnValueUpdate}
-						variablesToGetUpdated={[]}
-						setVariablesToGetUpdated={mockSetVariablesToGetUpdated}
-						dependencyData={null}
 					/>
 				</TestWrapper>,
 			);
@@ -508,9 +476,6 @@ describe('VariableItem Integration Tests', () => {
 						variableData={variable}
 						existingVariables={{}}
 						onValueUpdate={mockOnValueUpdate}
-						variablesToGetUpdated={[]}
-						setVariablesToGetUpdated={mockSetVariablesToGetUpdated}
-						dependencyData={null}
 					/>
 				</TestWrapper>,
 			);
@@ -548,9 +513,6 @@ describe('VariableItem Integration Tests', () => {
 						variableData={variable}
 						existingVariables={{}}
 						onValueUpdate={mockOnValueUpdate}
-						variablesToGetUpdated={[]}
-						setVariablesToGetUpdated={mockSetVariablesToGetUpdated}
-						dependencyData={null}
 					/>
 				</TestWrapper>,
 			);
@@ -582,9 +544,6 @@ describe('VariableItem Integration Tests', () => {
 						variableData={variable}
 						existingVariables={{}}
 						onValueUpdate={mockOnValueUpdate}
-						variablesToGetUpdated={[]}
-						setVariablesToGetUpdated={mockSetVariablesToGetUpdated}
-						dependencyData={null}
 					/>
 				</TestWrapper>,
 			);

frontend/src/components/NewSelect/types.ts

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ export interface CustomSelectProps extends Omit<SelectProps, 'options'> {
 	showIncompleteDataMessage?: boolean;
 	showRetryButton?: boolean;
 	isDynamicVariable?: boolean;
+	waitingMessage?: string;
 }
 
 export interface CustomTagProps {
@@ -66,4 +67,5 @@ export interface CustomMultiSelectProps
 	enableRegexOption?: boolean;
 	isDynamicVariable?: boolean;
 	showRetryButton?: boolean;
+	waitingMessage?: string;
 }

frontend/src/components/QuickFilters/QuickFilters.tsx

@@ -282,11 +282,11 @@ export default function QuickFilters(props: IQuickFiltersProps): JSX.Element {
 						size="small"
 						style={{ marginLeft: 'auto' }}
 						checked={showIP ?? true}
-						onClick={(): void => {
+						onChange={(checked): void => {
 							logEvent('API Monitoring: Show IP addresses clicked', {
-								showIP: !(showIP ?? true),
+								showIP: checked,
 							});
-							setParams({ showIP });
+							setParams({ showIP: checked });
 						}}
 					/>
 				</div>

frontend/src/components/QuickFilters/tests/QuickFilters.test.tsx

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 import { ENVIRONMENT } from 'constants/env';
+import {
+	ApiMonitoringParams,
+	useApiMonitoringParams,
+} from 'container/ApiMonitoring/queryParams';
 import { useQueryBuilder } from 'hooks/queryBuilder/useQueryBuilder';
 import {
 	otherFiltersResponse,
@@ -18,10 +22,15 @@ import { QuickFiltersConfig } from './constants';
 jest.mock('hooks/queryBuilder/useQueryBuilder', () => ({
 	useQueryBuilder: jest.fn(),
 }));
+jest.mock('container/ApiMonitoring/queryParams');
 
 const handleFilterVisibilityChange = jest.fn();
 const redirectWithQueryBuilderData = jest.fn();
 const putHandler = jest.fn();
+const mockSetApiMonitoringParams = jest.fn() as jest.MockedFunction<
+	(newParams: Partial<ApiMonitoringParams>, replace?: boolean) => void
+>;
+const mockUseApiMonitoringParams = jest.mocked(useApiMonitoringParams);
 
 const BASE_URL = ENVIRONMENT.baseURL;
 const SIGNAL = SignalType.LOGS;
@@ -84,6 +93,28 @@ TestQuickFilters.defaultProps = {
 	config: QuickFiltersConfig,
 };
 
+function TestQuickFiltersApiMonitoring({
+	signal = SignalType.LOGS,
+	config = QuickFiltersConfig,
+}: {
+	signal?: SignalType;
+	config?: IQuickFiltersConfig[];
+}): JSX.Element {
+	return (
+		<QuickFilters
+			source={QuickFiltersSource.API_MONITORING}
+			config={config}
+			handleFilterVisibilityChange={handleFilterVisibilityChange}
+			signal={signal}
+		/>
+	);
+}
+
+TestQuickFiltersApiMonitoring.defaultProps = {
+	signal: '',
+	config: QuickFiltersConfig,
+};
+
 beforeAll(() => {
 	server.listen();
 });
@@ -112,6 +143,10 @@ beforeEach(() => {
 		lastUsedQuery: 0,
 		redirectWithQueryBuilderData,
 	});
+	mockUseApiMonitoringParams.mockReturnValue([
+		{ showIP: true } as ApiMonitoringParams,
+		mockSetApiMonitoringParams,
+	]);
 	setupServer();
 });
 
@@ -251,6 +286,24 @@ describe('Quick Filters', () => {
 			);
 		});
 	});
+	it('toggles Show IP addresses and updates API Monitoring params', async () => {
+		const user = userEvent.setup({ pointerEventsCheck: 0 });
+
+		render(<TestQuickFiltersApiMonitoring />);
+
+		// Switch should be rendered and initially checked
+		expect(screen.getByText('Show IP addresses')).toBeInTheDocument();
+		const toggle = screen.getByRole('switch');
+		expect(toggle).toHaveAttribute('aria-checked', 'true');
+
+		await user.click(toggle);
+
+		await waitFor(() => {
+			expect(mockSetApiMonitoringParams).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+				expect.objectContaining({ showIP: false }),
+			);
+		});
+	});
 });
 
 describe('Quick Filters with custom filters', () => {

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/DashboardVariablesSelection/DashboardVariableSelection.tsx

@@ -9,11 +9,15 @@ import {
 import useVariablesFromUrl from 'hooks/dashboard/useVariablesFromUrl';
 import { useDashboard } from 'providers/Dashboard/Dashboard';
 import { initializeDefaultVariables } from 'providers/Dashboard/initializeDefaultVariables';
+import {
+	enqueueDescendantsOfVariable,
+	enqueueFetchOfAllVariables,
+	initializeVariableFetchStore,
+} from 'providers/Dashboard/store/variableFetchStore';
 import { AppState } from 'store/reducers';
 import { IDashboardVariable } from 'types/api/dashboard/getAll';
 import { GlobalReducer } from 'types/reducer/globalTime';
 
-import { onUpdateVariableNode } from './util';
 import VariableItem from './VariableItem';
 
 import './DashboardVariableSelection.styles.scss';
@@ -22,8 +26,6 @@ function DashboardVariableSelection(): JSX.Element | null {
 	const {
 		setSelectedDashboard,
 		updateLocalStorageDashboardVariables,
-		variablesToGetUpdated,
-		setVariablesToGetUpdated,
 	} = useDashboard();
 
 	const { updateUrlVariable, getUrlVariables } = useVariablesFromUrl();
@@ -55,11 +57,14 @@ function DashboardVariableSelection(): JSX.Element | null {
 		[dependencyData?.order],
 	);
 
-	// Trigger refetch when dependency order changes or global time changes
+	// Initialize fetch store then start a new fetch cycle.
+	// Runs on dependency order changes, and time range changes.
 	useEffect(() => {
-		if (dependencyData?.order && dependencyData.order.length > 0) {
-			setVariablesToGetUpdated(dependencyData?.order || []);
-		}
+		const allVariableNames = sortedVariablesArray
+			.map((v) => v.name)
+			.filter((name): name is string => !!name);
+		initializeVariableFetchStore(allVariableNames);
+		enqueueFetchOfAllVariables();
 		// eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
 	}, [dependencyOrderKey, minTime, maxTime]);
 
@@ -121,29 +126,14 @@ function DashboardVariableSelection(): JSX.Element | null {
 				return prev;
 			});
 
-			if (dependencyData) {
-				const updatedVariables: string[] = [];
-				onUpdateVariableNode(
-					name,
-					dependencyData.graph,
-					dependencyData.order,
-					(node) => updatedVariables.push(node),
-				);
-				setVariablesToGetUpdated((prev) => [
-					...new Set([...prev, ...updatedVariables.filter((v) => v !== name)]),
-				]);
-			} else {
-				setVariablesToGetUpdated((prev) => prev.filter((v) => v !== name));
-			}
+			// Cascade: enqueue query-type descendants for refetching
+			enqueueDescendantsOfVariable(name);
 		},
 		[
-			// This can be removed
 			dashboardVariables,
 			updateLocalStorageDashboardVariables,
-			dependencyData,
 			updateUrlVariable,
 			setSelectedDashboard,
-			setVariablesToGetUpdated,
 		],
 	);
 
@@ -158,9 +148,6 @@ function DashboardVariableSelection(): JSX.Element | null {
 						existingVariables={dashboardVariables}
 						variableData={variable}
 						onValueUpdate={onValueUpdate}
-						variablesToGetUpdated={variablesToGetUpdated}
-						setVariablesToGetUpdated={setVariablesToGetUpdated}
-						dependencyData={dependencyData}
 					/>
 				);
 			})}

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/DashboardVariablesSelection/DynamicVariableInput.tsx

@@ -2,18 +2,25 @@ import { memo, useCallback, useMemo, useState } from 'react';
 import { useQuery } from 'react-query';
 import { useSelector } from 'react-redux';
 import { getFieldValues } from 'api/dynamicVariables/getFieldValues';
-import { SOMETHING_WENT_WRONG } from 'constants/api';
 import { DEBOUNCE_DELAY } from 'constants/queryBuilderFilterConfig';
 import { REACT_QUERY_KEY } from 'constants/reactQueryKeys';
+import { useVariableFetchState } from 'hooks/dashboard/useVariableFetchState';
 import useDebounce from 'hooks/useDebounce';
-import { isEmpty } from 'lodash-es';
 import { AppState } from 'store/reducers';
+import { SuccessResponseV2 } from 'types/api';
+import { FieldValueResponse } from 'types/api/dynamicVariables/getFieldValues';
 import { GlobalReducer } from 'types/reducer/globalTime';
 import { isRetryableError as checkIfRetryableError } from 'utils/errorUtils';
 
 import SelectVariableInput from './SelectVariableInput';
 import { useDashboardVariableSelectHelper } from './useDashboardVariableSelectHelper';
-import { getOptionsForDynamicVariable } from './util';
+import {
+	buildExistingDynamicVariableQuery,
+	extractErrorMessage,
+	getOptionsForDynamicVariable,
+	mergeUniqueStrings,
+	settleVariableFetch,
+} from './util';
 import { VariableItemProps } from './VariableItem';
 import { dynamicVariableSelectStrategy } from './variableSelectStrategy/dynamicVariableSelectStrategy';
 
@@ -24,7 +31,6 @@ type DynamicVariableInputProps = Pick<
 	'variableData' | 'onValueUpdate' | 'existingVariables'
 >;
 
-// eslint-disable-next-line sonarjs/cognitive-complexity
 function DynamicVariableInput({
 	variableData,
 	onValueUpdate,
@@ -55,14 +61,8 @@ function DynamicVariableInput({
 
 	const debouncedApiSearchText = useDebounce(apiSearchText, DEBOUNCE_DELAY);
 
-	// Build a memoized list of all currently available option strings (normalized + related)
 	const allAvailableOptionStrings = useMemo(
-		() => [
-			...new Set([
-				...optionsData.map((v) => v.toString()),
-				...relatedValues.map((v) => v.toString()),
-			]),
-		],
+		() => mergeUniqueStrings(optionsData, relatedValues),
 		[optionsData, relatedValues],
 	);
 
@@ -104,67 +104,24 @@ function DynamicVariableInput({
 		(state) => state.globalTime,
 	);
 
-	// existing query is the query made from the other dynamic variables around this one with there current values
-	// for e.g. k8s.namespace.name IN ["zeus", "gene"] AND doc_op_type IN ["test"]
-	// eslint-disable-next-line sonarjs/cognitive-complexity
-	const existingQuery = useMemo(() => {
-		if (!existingVariables || !variableData.dynamicVariablesAttribute) {
-			return '';
-		}
+	const {
+		variableFetchCycleId,
+		isVariableSettled,
+		isVariableFetching,
+		hasVariableFetchedOnce,
+		isVariableWaitingForDependencies,
+		variableDependencyWaitMessage,
+	} = useVariableFetchState(variableData.name || '');
 
-		const queryParts: string[] = [];
-
-		Object.entries(existingVariables).forEach(([, variable]) => {
-			// Skip the current variable being processed
-			if (variable.id === variableData.id) {
-				return;
-			}
-
-			// Only include dynamic variables that have selected values and are not selected as ALL
-			if (
-				variable.type === 'DYNAMIC' &&
-				variable.dynamicVariablesAttribute &&
-				variable.selectedValue &&
-				!isEmpty(variable.selectedValue) &&
-				(variable.showALLOption ? !variable.allSelected : true)
-			) {
-				const attribute = variable.dynamicVariablesAttribute;
-				const values = Array.isArray(variable.selectedValue)
-					? variable.selectedValue
-					: [variable.selectedValue];
-
-				// Filter out empty values and convert to strings
-				const validValues = values
-					.filter((val) => val !== null && val !== undefined && val !== '')
-					.map((val) => val.toString());
-
-				if (validValues.length > 0) {
-					// Format values for query - wrap strings in quotes, keep numbers as is
-					const formattedValues = validValues.map((val) => {
-						// Check if value is a number
-						const numValue = Number(val);
-						if (!Number.isNaN(numValue) && Number.isFinite(numValue)) {
-							return val; // Keep as number
-						}
-						// Escape single quotes and wrap in quotes
-						return `'${val.replace(/'/g, "\\'")}'`;
-					});
-
-					if (formattedValues.length === 1) {
-						queryParts.push(`${attribute} = ${formattedValues[0]}`);
-					} else {
-						queryParts.push(`${attribute} IN [${formattedValues.join(', ')}]`);
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		});
-
-		return queryParts.join(' AND ');
-	}, [
-		existingVariables,
-		variableData.id,
-		variableData.dynamicVariablesAttribute,
-	]);
+	const existingQuery = useMemo(
+		() =>
+			buildExistingDynamicVariableQuery(
+				existingVariables,
+				variableData.id,
+				!!variableData.dynamicVariablesAttribute,
+			),
+		[existingVariables, variableData.id, variableData.dynamicVariablesAttribute],
+	);
 
 	// Wrap the hook's onDropdownVisibleChange to also track isDropdownOpen and handle cleanup
 	const handleSelectDropdownVisibilityChange = useCallback(
@@ -182,6 +139,73 @@ function DynamicVariableInput({
 		[onDropdownVisibleChange, optionsData, originalRelatedValues],
 	);
 
+	const handleQuerySuccess = useCallback(
+		(data: SuccessResponseV2<FieldValueResponse>): void => {
+			const newNormalizedValues = data.data?.normalizedValues || [];
+			const newRelatedValues = data.data?.relatedValues || [];
+
+			if (!debouncedApiSearchText) {
+				setOptionsData(newNormalizedValues);
+				setIsComplete(data.data?.complete || false);
+			}
+			setFilteredOptionsData(newNormalizedValues);
+			setRelatedValues(newRelatedValues);
+			setOriginalRelatedValues(newRelatedValues);
+
+			// Sync temp selection with latest API values when ALL is active and dropdown is open
+			if (variableData.allSelected && isDropdownOpen) {
+				const latestValues = mergeUniqueStrings(
+					newNormalizedValues,
+					newRelatedValues,
+				);
+
+				const currentStrings = Array.isArray(tempSelection)
+					? tempSelection.map((v) => v.toString())
+					: tempSelection
+					? [tempSelection.toString()]
+					: [];
+
+				const areSame =
+					currentStrings.length === latestValues.length &&
+					latestValues.every((v) => currentStrings.includes(v));
+
+				if (!areSame) {
+					setTempSelection(latestValues);
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Apply default if no value is selected (e.g., new variable, first load)
+			if (!debouncedApiSearchText) {
+				applyDefaultIfNeeded(
+					mergeUniqueStrings(newNormalizedValues, newRelatedValues),
+				);
+			}
+
+			settleVariableFetch(variableData.name, 'complete');
+		},
+		[
+			debouncedApiSearchText,
+			variableData.allSelected,
+			variableData.name,
+			isDropdownOpen,
+			tempSelection,
+			setTempSelection,
+			applyDefaultIfNeeded,
+		],
+	);
+
+	const handleQueryError = useCallback(
+		(error: { message?: string } | null): void => {
+			if (error) {
+				setErrorMessage(extractErrorMessage(error));
+				setIsRetryableError(checkIfRetryableError(error));
+			}
+
+			settleVariableFetch(variableData.name, 'failure');
+		},
+		[variableData.name],
+	);
+
 	const { isLoading, refetch } = useQuery(
 		[
 			REACT_QUERY_KEY.DASHBOARD_BY_ID,
@@ -192,13 +216,22 @@ function DynamicVariableInput({
 			debouncedApiSearchText,
 			variableData.dynamicVariablesSource,
 			variableData.dynamicVariablesAttribute,
+			variableFetchCycleId,
 		],
 		{
+			/*
+			 * enabled if
+			 * - we have dynamic variable source and attribute defined (ALWAYS)
+			 * - AND
+			 *   - we're either still fetching variable options
+			 *   - OR
+			 *   - if variable is in idle state and we have already fetched options for it
+			 **/
 			enabled:
-				variableData.type === 'DYNAMIC' &&
 				!!variableData.dynamicVariablesSource &&
-				!!variableData.dynamicVariablesAttribute,
-			queryFn: () =>
+				!!variableData.dynamicVariablesAttribute &&
+				(isVariableFetching || (isVariableSettled && hasVariableFetchedOnce)),
+			queryFn: ({ signal }) =>
 				getFieldValues(
 					variableData.dynamicVariablesSource?.toLowerCase() === 'all telemetry'
 						? undefined
@@ -211,70 +244,10 @@ function DynamicVariableInput({
 					minTime,
 					maxTime,
 					existingQuery,
+					signal,
 				),
-			onSuccess: (data) => {
-				const newNormalizedValues = data.data?.normalizedValues || [];
-				const newRelatedValues = data.data?.relatedValues || [];
-
-				if (!debouncedApiSearchText) {
-					setOptionsData(newNormalizedValues);
-					setIsComplete(data.data?.complete || false);
-				}
-				setFilteredOptionsData(newNormalizedValues);
-				setRelatedValues(newRelatedValues);
-				setOriginalRelatedValues(newRelatedValues);
-
-				// Only run auto-check logic when necessary to avoid performance issues
-				if (variableData.allSelected && isDropdownOpen) {
-					// Build the latest full list from API (normalized + related)
-					const latestValues = [
-						...new Set([
-							...newNormalizedValues.map((v) => v.toString()),
-							...newRelatedValues.map((v) => v.toString()),
-						]),
-					];
-
-					// Update temp selection to exactly reflect latest API values when ALL is active
-					const currentStrings = Array.isArray(tempSelection)
-						? tempSelection.map((v) => v.toString())
-						: tempSelection
-						? [tempSelection.toString()]
-						: [];
-					const areSame =
-						currentStrings.length === latestValues.length &&
-						latestValues.every((v) => currentStrings.includes(v));
-					if (!areSame) {
-						setTempSelection(latestValues);
-					}
-				}
-
-				// Apply default if no value is selected (e.g., new variable, first load)
-				if (!debouncedApiSearchText) {
-					const allNewOptions = [
-						...new Set([
-							...newNormalizedValues.map((v) => v.toString()),
-							...newRelatedValues.map((v) => v.toString()),
-						]),
-					];
-					applyDefaultIfNeeded(allNewOptions);
-				}
-			},
-			onError: (error: any) => {
-				if (error) {
-					let message = SOMETHING_WENT_WRONG;
-					if (error?.message) {
-						message = error?.message;
-					} else {
-						message =
-							'Please make sure configuration is valid and you have required setup and permissions';
-					}
-					setErrorMessage(message);
-
-					// Check if error is retryable (5xx) or not (4xx)
-					const isRetryable = checkIfRetryableError(error);
-					setIsRetryableError(isRetryable);
-				}
-			},
+			onSuccess: handleQuerySuccess,
+			onError: handleQueryError,
 		},
 	);
 
@@ -336,6 +309,8 @@ function DynamicVariableInput({
 			showRetryButton={isRetryableError}
 			showIncompleteDataMessage={!isComplete && filteredOptionsData.length > 0}
 			onSearch={handleSearch}
+			waiting={isVariableWaitingForDependencies}
+			waitingMessage={variableDependencyWaitMessage}
 		/>
 	);
 }

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/DashboardVariablesSelection/QueryVariableInput.tsx

@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@ import { useQuery } from 'react-query';
 import { useSelector } from 'react-redux';
 import dashboardVariablesQuery from 'api/dashboard/variables/dashboardVariablesQuery';
 import { REACT_QUERY_KEY } from 'constants/reactQueryKeys';
+import { useVariableFetchState } from 'hooks/dashboard/useVariableFetchState';
 import sortValues from 'lib/dashboardVariables/sortVariableValues';
-import { isArray, isString } from 'lodash-es';
+import { isArray, isEmpty, isString } from 'lodash-es';
 import { AppState } from 'store/reducers';
 import { VariableResponseProps } from 'types/api/dashboard/variables/query';
 import { GlobalReducer } from 'types/reducer/globalTime';
@@ -12,26 +13,18 @@ import { GlobalReducer } from 'types/reducer/globalTime';
 import { variablePropsToPayloadVariables } from '../utils';
 import SelectVariableInput from './SelectVariableInput';
 import { useDashboardVariableSelectHelper } from './useDashboardVariableSelectHelper';
-import { areArraysEqual, checkAPIInvocation } from './util';
+import { areArraysEqual, settleVariableFetch } from './util';
 import { VariableItemProps } from './VariableItem';
 import { queryVariableSelectStrategy } from './variableSelectStrategy/queryVariableSelectStrategy';
 
 type QueryVariableInputProps = Pick<
 	VariableItemProps,
-	| 'variableData'
-	| 'existingVariables'
-	| 'onValueUpdate'
-	| 'variablesToGetUpdated'
-	| 'setVariablesToGetUpdated'
-	| 'dependencyData'
+	'variableData' | 'existingVariables' | 'onValueUpdate'
 >;
 
 function QueryVariableInput({
 	variableData,
 	existingVariables,
-	variablesToGetUpdated,
-	setVariablesToGetUpdated,
-	dependencyData,
 	onValueUpdate,
 }: QueryVariableInputProps): JSX.Element {
 	const [optionsData, setOptionsData] = useState<(string | number | boolean)[]>(
@@ -43,6 +36,15 @@ function QueryVariableInput({
 		(state) => state.globalTime,
 	);
 
+	const {
+		variableFetchCycleId,
+		isVariableSettled,
+		isVariableFetching,
+		hasVariableFetchedOnce,
+		isVariableWaitingForDependencies,
+		variableDependencyWaitMessage,
+	} = useVariableFetchState(variableData.name || '');
+
 	const {
 		tempSelection,
 		setTempSelection,
@@ -60,16 +62,6 @@ function QueryVariableInput({
 		strategy: queryVariableSelectStrategy,
 	});
 
-	const validVariableUpdate = useCallback((): boolean => {
-		if (!variableData.name) {
-			return false;
-		}
-		return Boolean(
-			variablesToGetUpdated.length &&
-				variablesToGetUpdated[0] === variableData.name,
-		);
-	}, [variableData.name, variablesToGetUpdated]);
-
 	const getOptions = useCallback(
 		// eslint-disable-next-line sonarjs/cognitive-complexity
 		(variablesRes: VariableResponseProps | null): void => {
@@ -103,18 +95,24 @@ function QueryVariableInput({
 							valueNotInList = true;
 						}
 
-						// variablesData.allSelected is added for the case where on change of options we need to update the
-						// local storage
-						if (
-							variableData.name &&
-							(validVariableUpdate() || valueNotInList || variableData.allSelected)
-						) {
+						if (variableData.name && (valueNotInList || variableData.allSelected)) {
 							if (
 								variableData.allSelected &&
 								variableData.multiSelect &&
 								variableData.showALLOption
 							) {
-								onValueUpdate(variableData.name, variableData.id, newOptionsData, true);
+								if (
+									variableData.name &&
+									variableData.id &&
+									!isEmpty(variableData.selectedValue)
+								) {
+									onValueUpdate(
+										variableData.name,
+										variableData.id,
+										newOptionsData,
+										true,
+									);
+								}
 
 								// Update tempSelection to maintain ALL state when dropdown is open
 								if (tempSelection !== undefined) {
@@ -132,7 +130,11 @@ function QueryVariableInput({
 										newOptionsData.every((option) => selectedValue.includes(option));
 								}
 
-								if (variableData.name && variableData.id) {
+								if (
+									variableData.name &&
+									variableData.id &&
+									!isEmpty(variableData.selectedValue)
+								) {
 									onValueUpdate(variableData.name, variableData.id, value, allSelected);
 								}
 							}
@@ -141,10 +143,6 @@ function QueryVariableInput({
 						setOptionsData(newOptionsData);
 						// Apply default if no value is selected (e.g., new variable, first load)
 						applyDefaultIfNeeded(newOptionsData);
-					} else {
-						setVariablesToGetUpdated((prev) =>
-							prev.filter((name) => name !== variableData.name),
-						);
 					}
 				}
 			} catch (e) {
@@ -157,8 +155,6 @@ function QueryVariableInput({
 			onValueUpdate,
 			tempSelection,
 			setTempSelection,
-			validVariableUpdate,
-			setVariablesToGetUpdated,
 			applyDefaultIfNeeded,
 		],
 	);
@@ -169,27 +165,28 @@ function QueryVariableInput({
 			variableData.name || '',
 			`${minTime}`,
 			`${maxTime}`,
-			JSON.stringify(dependencyData?.order),
+			variableFetchCycleId,
 		],
 		{
-			enabled:
-				variableData &&
-				checkAPIInvocation(
-					variablesToGetUpdated,
-					variableData,
-					dependencyData?.parentDependencyGraph,
+			/*
+			 * enabled if
+			 *   - we're either still fetching variable options
+			 *   - OR
+			 *   - if variable is in idle state and we have already fetched options for it
+			 **/
+			enabled: isVariableFetching || (isVariableSettled && hasVariableFetchedOnce),
+			queryFn: ({ signal }) =>
+				dashboardVariablesQuery(
+					{
+						query: variableData.queryValue || '',
+						variables: variablePropsToPayloadVariables(existingVariables),
+					},
+					signal,
 				),
-			queryFn: () =>
-				dashboardVariablesQuery({
-					query: variableData.queryValue || '',
-					variables: variablePropsToPayloadVariables(existingVariables),
-				}),
 			refetchOnWindowFocus: false,
 			onSuccess: (response) => {
 				getOptions(response.payload);
-				setVariablesToGetUpdated((prev) =>
-					prev.filter((v) => v !== variableData.name),
-				);
+				settleVariableFetch(variableData.name, 'complete');
 			},
 			onError: (error: {
 				details: {
@@ -206,9 +203,7 @@ function QueryVariableInput({
 					}
 					setErrorMessage(message);
 				}
-				setVariablesToGetUpdated((prev) =>
-					prev.filter((v) => v !== variableData.name),
-				);
+				settleVariableFetch(variableData.name, 'failure');
 			},
 		},
 	);
@@ -242,6 +237,8 @@ function QueryVariableInput({
 			loading={isLoading}
 			errorMessage={errorMessage}
 			onRetry={handleRetry}
+			waiting={isVariableWaitingForDependencies}
+			waitingMessage={variableDependencyWaitMessage}
 		/>
 	);
 }

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/DashboardVariablesSelection/SelectVariableInput.tsx

@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ interface SelectVariableInputProps {
 	showRetryButton?: boolean;
 	showIncompleteDataMessage?: boolean;
 	onSearch?: (searchTerm: string) => void;
+	waiting?: boolean;
+	waitingMessage?: string;
 }
 
 const MAX_TAG_DISPLAY_VALUES = 10;
@@ -65,6 +67,7 @@ function SelectVariableInput({
 	showRetryButton,
 	showIncompleteDataMessage,
 	onSearch,
+	waitingMessage,
 }: SelectVariableInputProps): JSX.Element {
 	const commonProps = useMemo(
 		() => ({
@@ -78,7 +81,6 @@ function SelectVariableInput({
 			className: 'variable-select',
 			popupClassName: 'dropdown-styles',
 			getPopupContainer: popupContainer,
-			style: SelectItemStyle,
 			showSearch: true,
 			bordered: false,
 
@@ -86,6 +88,8 @@ function SelectVariableInput({
 			'data-testid': 'variable-select',
 			onChange,
 			loading,
+			waitingMessage,
+			style: SelectItemStyle,
 			options,
 			errorMessage,
 			onRetry,
@@ -101,6 +105,7 @@ function SelectVariableInput({
 			defaultValue,
 			onChange,
 			loading,
+			waitingMessage,
 			options,
 			value,
 			errorMessage,

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/DashboardVariablesSelection/VariableItem.test.tsx

@@ -47,14 +47,6 @@ describe('VariableItem', () => {
 					variableData={mockVariableData}
 					existingVariables={{}}
 					onValueUpdate={mockOnValueUpdate}
-					variablesToGetUpdated={[]}
-					setVariablesToGetUpdated={(): void => {}}
-					dependencyData={{
-						order: [],
-						graph: {},
-						parentDependencyGraph: {},
-						hasCycle: false,
-					}}
 				/>
 			</MockQueryClientProvider>,
 		);
@@ -69,14 +61,6 @@ describe('VariableItem', () => {
 					variableData={mockVariableData}
 					existingVariables={{}}
 					onValueUpdate={mockOnValueUpdate}
-					variablesToGetUpdated={[]}
-					setVariablesToGetUpdated={(): void => {}}
-					dependencyData={{
-						order: [],
-						graph: {},
-						parentDependencyGraph: {},
-						hasCycle: false,
-					}}
 				/>
 			</MockQueryClientProvider>,
 		);
@@ -92,14 +76,6 @@ describe('VariableItem', () => {
 					variableData={mockVariableData}
 					existingVariables={{}}
 					onValueUpdate={mockOnValueUpdate}
-					variablesToGetUpdated={[]}
-					setVariablesToGetUpdated={(): void => {}}
-					dependencyData={{
-						order: [],
-						graph: {},
-						parentDependencyGraph: {},
-						hasCycle: false,
-					}}
 				/>
 			</MockQueryClientProvider>,
 		);
@@ -133,14 +109,6 @@ describe('VariableItem', () => {
 					variableData={mockCustomVariableData}
 					existingVariables={{}}
 					onValueUpdate={mockOnValueUpdate}
-					variablesToGetUpdated={[]}
-					setVariablesToGetUpdated={(): void => {}}
-					dependencyData={{
-						order: [],
-						graph: {},
-						parentDependencyGraph: {},
-						hasCycle: false,
-					}}
 				/>
 			</MockQueryClientProvider>,
 		);
@@ -163,14 +131,6 @@ describe('VariableItem', () => {
 					variableData={customVariableData}
 					existingVariables={{}}
 					onValueUpdate={mockOnValueUpdate}
-					variablesToGetUpdated={[]}
-					setVariablesToGetUpdated={(): void => {}}
-					dependencyData={{
-						order: [],
-						graph: {},
-						parentDependencyGraph: {},
-						hasCycle: false,
-					}}
 				/>
 			</MockQueryClientProvider>,
 		);
@@ -185,14 +145,6 @@ describe('VariableItem', () => {
 					variableData={mockCustomVariableData}
 					existingVariables={{}}
 					onValueUpdate={mockOnValueUpdate}
-					variablesToGetUpdated={[]}
-					setVariablesToGetUpdated={(): void => {}}
-					dependencyData={{
-						order: [],
-						graph: {},
-						parentDependencyGraph: {},
-						hasCycle: false,
-					}}
 				/>
 			</MockQueryClientProvider>,
 		);

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/DashboardVariablesSelection/VariableItem.tsx

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import { memo } from 'react';
 import { InfoCircleOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
 import { Tooltip, Typography } from 'antd';
-import { IDependencyData } from 'providers/Dashboard/store/dashboardVariables/dashboardVariablesStoreTypes';
 import { IDashboardVariable } from 'types/api/dashboard/getAll';
 
 import CustomVariableInput from './CustomVariableInput';
@@ -21,18 +20,12 @@ export interface VariableItemProps {
 		allSelected: boolean,
 		haveCustomValuesSelected?: boolean,
 	) => void;
-	variablesToGetUpdated: string[];
-	setVariablesToGetUpdated: React.Dispatch<React.SetStateAction<string[]>>;
-	dependencyData: IDependencyData | null;
 }
 
 function VariableItem({
 	variableData,
 	onValueUpdate,
 	existingVariables,
-	variablesToGetUpdated,
-	setVariablesToGetUpdated,
-	dependencyData,
 }: VariableItemProps): JSX.Element {
 	const { name, description, type: variableType } = variableData;
 
@@ -65,9 +58,6 @@ function VariableItem({
 						variableData={variableData}
 						onValueUpdate={onValueUpdate}
 						existingVariables={existingVariables}
-						variablesToGetUpdated={variablesToGetUpdated}
-						setVariablesToGetUpdated={setVariablesToGetUpdated}
-						dependencyData={dependencyData}
 					/>
 				)}
 				{variableType === 'DYNAMIC' && (

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/DashboardVariablesSelection/__test__/DynamicVariableInput.test.tsx

@@ -7,6 +7,19 @@ import { IDashboardVariable } from 'types/api/dashboard/getAll';
 
 import DynamicVariableInput from '../DynamicVariableInput';
 
+// Mock useVariableFetchState to return "fetching" state so useQuery is enabled
+jest.mock('hooks/dashboard/useVariableFetchState', () => ({
+	useVariableFetchState: (): Record<string, unknown> => ({
+		variableFetchCycleId: 0,
+		variableFetchState: 'loading',
+		isVariableSettled: false,
+		isVariableFetching: true,
+		hasVariableFetchedOnce: false,
+		isVariableWaitingForDependencies: false,
+		variableDependencyWaitMessage: '',
+	}),
+}));
+
 // Don't mock the components - use real ones
 
 // Mock for useQuery
@@ -217,9 +230,10 @@ describe('DynamicVariableInput Component', () => {
 				'',
 				'Traces',
 				'service.name',
+				0, // variableFetchCycleId
 			],
 			expect.objectContaining({
-				enabled: true, // Type is 'DYNAMIC'
+				enabled: true, // isVariableFetching is true from mock
 				queryFn: expect.any(Function),
 				onSuccess: expect.any(Function),
 				onError: expect.any(Function),

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/DashboardVariablesSelection/__test__/VariableItem.defaulting.behavior.test.tsx

@@ -8,14 +8,6 @@ import '@testing-library/jest-dom/extend-expect';
 import VariableItem from '../VariableItem';
 
 const mockOnValueUpdate = jest.fn();
-const mockSetVariablesToGetUpdated = jest.fn();
-
-const baseDependencyData = {
-	order: [],
-	graph: {},
-	parentDependencyGraph: {},
-	hasCycle: false,
-};
 
 const TEST_VARIABLE_ID = 'test_variable';
 const VARIABLE_SELECT_TESTID = 'variable-select';
@@ -31,9 +23,6 @@ const renderVariableItem = (
 				variableData={variableData}
 				existingVariables={{}}
 				onValueUpdate={mockOnValueUpdate}
-				variablesToGetUpdated={[]}
-				setVariablesToGetUpdated={mockSetVariablesToGetUpdated}
-				dependencyData={baseDependencyData}
 			/>
 		</MockQueryClientProvider>,
 	);

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/DashboardVariablesSelection/__test__/dashboardVariables.test.tsx

@@ -2,14 +2,12 @@ import {
 	buildDependencies,
 	buildDependencyGraph,
 	buildParentDependencyGraph,
-	checkAPIInvocation,
 	onUpdateVariableNode,
 	VariableGraph,
 } from '../util';
 import {
 	buildDependenciesMock,
 	buildGraphMock,
-	checkAPIInvocationMock,
 	onUpdateVariableNodeMock,
 } from './mock';
 
@@ -72,97 +70,6 @@ describe('dashboardVariables - utilities and processors', () => {
 		});
 	});
 
-	describe('checkAPIInvocation', () => {
-		const {
-			variablesToGetUpdated,
-			variableData,
-			parentDependencyGraph,
-		} = checkAPIInvocationMock;
-
-		const mockRootElement = {
-			name: 'deployment_environment',
-			key: '036a47cd-9ffc-47de-9f27-0329198964a8',
-			id: '036a47cd-9ffc-47de-9f27-0329198964a8',
-			modificationUUID: '5f71b591-f583-497c-839d-6a1590c3f60f',
-			selectedValue: 'production',
-			type: 'QUERY',
-			// ... other properties omitted for brevity
-		} as any;
-
-		describe('edge cases', () => {
-			it('should return false when variableData is empty', () => {
-				expect(
-					checkAPIInvocation(
-						variablesToGetUpdated,
-						variableData,
-						parentDependencyGraph,
-					),
-				).toBeFalsy();
-			});
-
-			it('should return true when parentDependencyGraph is empty', () => {
-				expect(
-					checkAPIInvocation(variablesToGetUpdated, variableData, {}),
-				).toBeFalsy();
-			});
-		});
-
-		describe('variable sequences', () => {
-			it('should return true for valid sequence', () => {
-				expect(
-					checkAPIInvocation(
-						['k8s_node_name', 'k8s_namespace_name'],
-						variableData,
-						parentDependencyGraph,
-					),
-				).toBeTruthy();
-			});
-
-			it('should return false for invalid sequence', () => {
-				expect(
-					checkAPIInvocation(
-						['k8s_cluster_name', 'k8s_node_name', 'k8s_namespace_name'],
-						variableData,
-						parentDependencyGraph,
-					),
-				).toBeFalsy();
-			});
-
-			it('should return false when variableData is not in sequence', () => {
-				expect(
-					checkAPIInvocation(
-						['deployment_environment', 'service_name', 'endpoint'],
-						variableData,
-						parentDependencyGraph,
-					),
-				).toBeFalsy();
-			});
-		});
-
-		describe('root element behavior', () => {
-			it('should return true for valid root element sequence', () => {
-				expect(
-					checkAPIInvocation(
-						[
-							'deployment_environment',
-							'service_name',
-							'endpoint',
-							'http_status_code',
-						],
-						mockRootElement,
-						parentDependencyGraph,
-					),
-				).toBeTruthy();
-			});
-
-			it('should return true for empty variablesToGetUpdated array', () => {
-				expect(
-					checkAPIInvocation([], mockRootElement, parentDependencyGraph),
-				).toBeTruthy();
-			});
-		});
-	});
-
 	describe('Graph Building Utilities', () => {
 		const { graph } = buildGraphMock;
 		const { variables } = buildDependenciesMock;
@@ -223,10 +130,86 @@ describe('dashboardVariables - utilities and processors', () => {
 					},
 					hasCycle: false,
 					cycleNodes: undefined,
+					transitiveDescendants: {
+						deployment_environment: ['service_name', 'endpoint', 'http_status_code'],
+						endpoint: ['http_status_code'],
+						environment: [],
+						http_status_code: [],
+						k8s_cluster_name: ['k8s_node_name', 'k8s_namespace_name'],
+						k8s_namespace_name: [],
+						k8s_node_name: ['k8s_namespace_name'],
+						service_name: ['endpoint', 'http_status_code'],
+					},
 				};
 
 				expect(buildDependencyGraph(graph)).toEqual(expected);
 			});
+
+			it('should return empty transitiveDescendants for an empty graph', () => {
+				const result = buildDependencyGraph({});
+				expect(result.transitiveDescendants).toEqual({});
+				expect(result.order).toEqual([]);
+				expect(result.hasCycle).toBe(false);
+			});
+
+			it('should compute transitiveDescendants for a linear chain (a -> b -> c)', () => {
+				const linearGraph: VariableGraph = {
+					a: ['b'],
+					b: ['c'],
+					c: [],
+				};
+				const result = buildDependencyGraph(linearGraph);
+				expect(result.transitiveDescendants).toEqual({
+					a: ['b', 'c'],
+					b: ['c'],
+					c: [],
+				});
+			});
+
+			it('should compute transitiveDescendants for a diamond dependency (a -> b, a -> c, b -> d, c -> d)', () => {
+				const diamondGraph: VariableGraph = {
+					a: ['b', 'c'],
+					b: ['d'],
+					c: ['d'],
+					d: [],
+				};
+				const result = buildDependencyGraph(diamondGraph);
+				expect(result.transitiveDescendants.a).toEqual(
+					expect.arrayContaining(['b', 'c', 'd']),
+				);
+				expect(result.transitiveDescendants.a).toHaveLength(3);
+				expect(result.transitiveDescendants.b).toEqual(['d']);
+				expect(result.transitiveDescendants.c).toEqual(['d']);
+				expect(result.transitiveDescendants.d).toEqual([]);
+			});
+
+			it('should handle disconnected components in transitiveDescendants', () => {
+				const disconnectedGraph: VariableGraph = {
+					a: ['b'],
+					b: [],
+					x: ['y'],
+					y: [],
+				};
+				const result = buildDependencyGraph(disconnectedGraph);
+				expect(result.transitiveDescendants.a).toEqual(['b']);
+				expect(result.transitiveDescendants.b).toEqual([]);
+				expect(result.transitiveDescendants.x).toEqual(['y']);
+				expect(result.transitiveDescendants.y).toEqual([]);
+			});
+
+			it('should return empty transitiveDescendants for all leaf nodes', () => {
+				const leafOnlyGraph: VariableGraph = {
+					a: [],
+					b: [],
+					c: [],
+				};
+				const result = buildDependencyGraph(leafOnlyGraph);
+				expect(result.transitiveDescendants).toEqual({
+					a: [],
+					b: [],
+					c: [],
+				});
+			});
 		});
 
 		describe('buildDependencies', () => {

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/DashboardVariablesSelection/__test__/mock.ts

@@ -1,36 +1,3 @@
-/* eslint-disable sonarjs/no-duplicate-string */
-export const checkAPIInvocationMock = {
-	variablesToGetUpdated: [],
-	variableData: {
-		name: 'k8s_node_name',
-		key: '4d71d385-beaf-4434-8dbf-c62be68049fc',
-		allSelected: false,
-		customValue: '',
-		description: '',
-		id: '4d71d385-beaf-4434-8dbf-c62be68049fc',
-		modificationUUID: '77233d3c-96d7-4ccb-aa9d-11b04d563068',
-		multiSelect: false,
-		order: 6,
-		queryValue:
-			"SELECT JSONExtractString(labels, 'k8s_node_name') AS k8s_node_name\nFROM signoz_metrics.distributed_time_series_v4_1day\nWHERE metric_name = 'k8s_node_cpu_time' AND JSONExtractString(labels, 'k8s_cluster_name') = {{.k8s_cluster_name}}\nGROUP BY k8s_node_name",
-		selectedValue: 'gke-signoz-saas-si-consumer-bsc-e2sd4-a6d430fa-gvm2',
-		showALLOption: false,
-		sort: 'DISABLED',
-		textboxValue: '',
-		type: 'QUERY',
-	},
-	parentDependencyGraph: {
-		deployment_environment: [],
-		service_name: ['deployment_environment'],
-		endpoint: ['deployment_environment', 'service_name'],
-		http_status_code: ['endpoint'],
-		k8s_cluster_name: [],
-		environment: [],
-		k8s_node_name: ['k8s_cluster_name'],
-		k8s_namespace_name: ['k8s_cluster_name', 'k8s_node_name'],
-	},
-} as any;
-
 export const onUpdateVariableNodeMock = {
 	nodeToUpdate: 'deployment_environment',
 	graph: {

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/DashboardVariablesSelection/util.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,16 @@
 import { OptionData } from 'components/NewSelect/types';
-import { isEmpty, isNull } from 'lodash-es';
+import { SOMETHING_WENT_WRONG } from 'constants/api';
+import { textContainsVariableReference } from 'lib/dashboardVariables/variableReference';
+import { isEmpty } from 'lodash-es';
 import {
 	IDashboardVariables,
 	IDependencyData,
 } from 'providers/Dashboard/store/dashboardVariables/dashboardVariablesStoreTypes';
+import {
+	onVariableFetchComplete,
+	onVariableFetchFailure,
+	variableFetchStore,
+} from 'providers/Dashboard/store/variableFetchStore';
 import { IDashboardVariable } from 'types/api/dashboard/getAll';
 
 export function areArraysEqual(
@@ -45,30 +52,16 @@ const getDependentVariablesBasedOnVariableName = (
 	}
 
 	return variables
-		?.map((variable: any) => {
+		.map((variable) => {
 			if (variable.type === 'QUERY') {
-				// Combined pattern for all formats
-				// {{.variable_name}} - original format
-				// $variable_name - dollar prefix format
-				// [[variable_name]] - square bracket format
-				// {{variable_name}} - without dot format
-				const patterns = [
-					`\\{\\{\\s*?\\.${variableName}\\s*?\\}\\}`, // {{.var}}
-					`\\{\\{\\s*${variableName}\\s*\\}\\}`, // {{var}}
-					`\\$${variableName}\\b`, // $var
-					`\\[\\[\\s*${variableName}\\s*\\]\\]`, // [[var]]
-				];
-				const combinedRegex = new RegExp(patterns.join('|'));
-
 				const queryValue = variable.queryValue || '';
-				const dependVarReMatch = queryValue.match(combinedRegex);
-				if (dependVarReMatch !== null && dependVarReMatch.length > 0) {
+				if (textContainsVariableReference(queryValue, variableName)) {
 					return variable.name;
 				}
 			}
 			return null;
 		})
-		.filter((val: string | null) => !isNull(val));
+		.filter((val): val is string => val !== null);
 };
 export type VariableGraph = Record<string, string[]>;
 
@@ -246,10 +239,26 @@ export const buildDependencyGraph = (
 
 	const hasCycle = topologicalOrder.length !== Object.keys(dependencies)?.length;
 
+	// Pre-compute transitive descendants by walking topological order in reverse.
+	// Each node's transitive descendants = direct children + their transitive descendants.
+	const transitiveDescendants: VariableGraph = {};
+	for (let i = topologicalOrder.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+		const node = topologicalOrder[i];
+		const desc = new Set<string>();
+		for (const child of adjList[node] || []) {
+			desc.add(child);
+			for (const d of transitiveDescendants[child] || []) {
+				desc.add(d);
+			}
+		}
+		transitiveDescendants[node] = Array.from(desc);
+	}
+
 	return {
 		order: topologicalOrder,
 		graph: adjList,
 		parentDependencyGraph: buildParentDependencyGraph(adjList),
+		transitiveDescendants,
 		hasCycle,
 		cycleNodes,
 	};
@@ -284,33 +293,6 @@ export const onUpdateVariableNode = (
 	});
 };
 
-export const checkAPIInvocation = (
-	variablesToGetUpdated: string[],
-	variableData: IDashboardVariable,
-	parentDependencyGraph?: VariableGraph,
-): boolean => {
-	if (isEmpty(variableData.name)) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if (isEmpty(parentDependencyGraph)) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	// if no dependency then true
-	const haveDependency =
-		parentDependencyGraph?.[variableData.name || '']?.length > 0;
-	if (!haveDependency) {
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	// if variable is in the list and has dependency then check if its the top element in the queue then true else false
-	return (
-		variablesToGetUpdated.length > 0 &&
-		variablesToGetUpdated[0] === variableData.name
-	);
-};
-
 export const getOptionsForDynamicVariable = (
 	normalizedValues: (string | number | boolean)[],
 	relatedValues: string[],
@@ -375,3 +357,130 @@ export const getSelectValue = (
 	}
 	return selectedValue?.toString();
 };
+
+/**
+ * Merges multiple arrays of values into a single deduplicated string array.
+ */
+export function mergeUniqueStrings(
+	...arrays: (string | number | boolean)[][]
+): string[] {
+	return [...new Set(arrays.flatMap((arr) => arr.map((v) => v.toString())))];
+}
+
+function isEligibleFilterVariable(
+	variable: IDashboardVariable,
+	currentVariableId: string,
+): boolean {
+	if (variable.id === currentVariableId) {
+		return false;
+	}
+	if (variable.type !== 'DYNAMIC') {
+		return false;
+	}
+	if (!variable.dynamicVariablesAttribute) {
+		return false;
+	}
+	if (!variable.selectedValue || isEmpty(variable.selectedValue)) {
+		return false;
+	}
+	return !(variable.showALLOption && variable.allSelected);
+}
+
+function formatQueryValue(val: string): string {
+	const numValue = Number(val);
+	if (!Number.isNaN(numValue) && Number.isFinite(numValue)) {
+		return val;
+	}
+	return `'${val.replace(/'/g, "\\'")}'`;
+}
+
+function buildQueryPart(attribute: string, values: string[]): string {
+	const formatted = values.map(formatQueryValue);
+	if (formatted.length === 1) {
+		return `${attribute} = ${formatted[0]}`;
+	}
+	return `${attribute} IN [${formatted.join(', ')}]`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Builds a filter query string from sibling dynamic variables' selected values.
+ * e.g. `k8s.namespace.name IN ['zeus', 'gene'] AND doc_op_type = 'test'`
+ */
+export function buildExistingDynamicVariableQuery(
+	existingVariables: IDashboardVariables | null,
+	currentVariableId: string,
+	hasDynamicAttribute: boolean,
+): string {
+	if (!existingVariables || !hasDynamicAttribute) {
+		return '';
+	}
+
+	const queryParts: string[] = [];
+
+	for (const variable of Object.values(existingVariables)) {
+		// Skip the current variable being processed
+		if (!isEligibleFilterVariable(variable, currentVariableId)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		const rawValues = Array.isArray(variable.selectedValue)
+			? variable.selectedValue
+			: [variable.selectedValue];
+
+		// Filter out empty values and convert to strings
+		const validValues = rawValues
+			.filter(
+				(val): val is string | number | boolean =>
+					val !== null && val !== undefined && val !== '',
+			)
+			.map((val) => val.toString());
+
+		if (validValues.length > 0 && variable.dynamicVariablesAttribute) {
+			queryParts.push(
+				buildQueryPart(variable.dynamicVariablesAttribute, validValues),
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return queryParts.join(' AND ');
+}
+
+function isVariableInActiveFetchState(state: string | undefined): boolean {
+	return state === 'loading' || state === 'revalidating';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Completes or fails a variable's fetch state machine transition.
+ * No-ops if the variable is not currently in an active fetch state.
+ */
+export function settleVariableFetch(
+	name: string | undefined,
+	outcome: 'complete' | 'failure',
+): void {
+	if (!name) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	const currentState = variableFetchStore.getSnapshot().states[name];
+	if (!isVariableInActiveFetchState(currentState)) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (outcome === 'complete') {
+		onVariableFetchComplete(name);
+	} else {
+		onVariableFetchFailure(name);
+	}
+}
+
+export function extractErrorMessage(
+	error: { message?: string } | null,
+): string {
+	if (!error) {
+		return SOMETHING_WENT_WRONG;
+	}
+	return (
+		error.message ||
+		'Please make sure configuration is valid and you have required setup and permissions'
+	);
+}

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/DashboardVariablesSelection/utils.test.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,31 @@
-import { areArraysEqual, onUpdateVariableNode, VariableGraph } from './util';
+jest.mock('providers/Dashboard/store/variableFetchStore', () => ({
+	variableFetchStore: {
+		getSnapshot: jest.fn(),
+	},
+	onVariableFetchComplete: jest.fn(),
+	onVariableFetchFailure: jest.fn(),
+}));
+
+import {
+	onVariableFetchComplete,
+	onVariableFetchFailure,
+	variableFetchStore,
+} from 'providers/Dashboard/store/variableFetchStore';
+import { IDashboardVariable } from 'types/api/dashboard/getAll';
+
+import {
+	areArraysEqual,
+	buildExistingDynamicVariableQuery,
+	extractErrorMessage,
+	mergeUniqueStrings,
+	onUpdateVariableNode,
+	settleVariableFetch,
+	VariableGraph,
+} from './util';
+
+// ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// Existing tests
+// ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 describe('areArraysEqual', () => {
 	it('should return true for equal arrays with same order', () => {
@@ -149,3 +176,348 @@ describe('onUpdateVariableNode', () => {
 		expect(visited).toEqual(['namespace', 'service', 'pod']);
 	});
 });
+
+// ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// New tests for functions added in recent commits
+// ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+function makeDynamicVar(
+	overrides: Partial<IDashboardVariable> & { id: string },
+): IDashboardVariable {
+	return {
+		name: overrides.id,
+		description: '',
+		type: 'DYNAMIC',
+		sort: 'DISABLED',
+		multiSelect: false,
+		showALLOption: false,
+		allSelected: false,
+		dynamicVariablesAttribute: 'attr',
+		selectedValue: 'some-value',
+		...overrides,
+	} as IDashboardVariable;
+}
+
+describe('mergeUniqueStrings', () => {
+	it('should merge two arrays and deduplicate', () => {
+		expect(mergeUniqueStrings(['a', 'b'], ['b', 'c'])).toEqual(['a', 'b', 'c']);
+	});
+
+	it('should convert numbers and booleans to strings', () => {
+		expect(mergeUniqueStrings([1, true, 'hello'], [2, false])).toEqual([
+			'1',
+			'true',
+			'hello',
+			'2',
+			'false',
+		]);
+	});
+
+	it('should deduplicate when number and its string form both appear', () => {
+		expect(mergeUniqueStrings([42], ['42'])).toEqual(['42']);
+	});
+
+	it('should handle a single array', () => {
+		expect(mergeUniqueStrings(['x', 'y', 'x'])).toEqual(['x', 'y']);
+	});
+
+	it('should handle three or more arrays', () => {
+		expect(mergeUniqueStrings(['a'], ['b'], ['c'], ['a', 'c'])).toEqual([
+			'a',
+			'b',
+			'c',
+		]);
+	});
+
+	it('should return empty array when no arrays are provided', () => {
+		expect(mergeUniqueStrings()).toEqual([]);
+	});
+
+	it('should return empty array when all input arrays are empty', () => {
+		expect(mergeUniqueStrings([], [], [])).toEqual([]);
+	});
+
+	it('should preserve order of first occurrence', () => {
+		expect(mergeUniqueStrings(['c', 'a'], ['b', 'a'])).toEqual(['c', 'a', 'b']);
+	});
+});
+
+describe('buildExistingDynamicVariableQuery', () => {
+	// --- Guard clauses ---
+	it('should return empty string when existingVariables is null', () => {
+		expect(buildExistingDynamicVariableQuery(null, 'v1', true)).toBe('');
+	});
+
+	it('should return empty string when hasDynamicAttribute is false', () => {
+		const variables = { v2: makeDynamicVar({ id: 'v2' }) };
+		expect(buildExistingDynamicVariableQuery(variables, 'v1', false)).toBe('');
+	});
+
+	// --- Eligibility filtering ---
+	it('should skip the current variable (same id)', () => {
+		const variables = {
+			v1: makeDynamicVar({
+				id: 'v1',
+				dynamicVariablesAttribute: 'ns',
+				selectedValue: 'prod',
+			}),
+		};
+		expect(buildExistingDynamicVariableQuery(variables, 'v1', true)).toBe('');
+	});
+
+	it('should skip non-DYNAMIC variables', () => {
+		const variables = {
+			v2: makeDynamicVar({ id: 'v2', type: 'QUERY' as any }),
+		};
+		expect(buildExistingDynamicVariableQuery(variables, 'v1', true)).toBe('');
+	});
+
+	it('should skip variables without dynamicVariablesAttribute', () => {
+		const variables = {
+			v2: makeDynamicVar({
+				id: 'v2',
+				dynamicVariablesAttribute: undefined,
+				selectedValue: 'val',
+			}),
+		};
+		expect(buildExistingDynamicVariableQuery(variables, 'v1', true)).toBe('');
+	});
+
+	it('should skip variables with null selectedValue', () => {
+		const variables = {
+			v2: makeDynamicVar({ id: 'v2', selectedValue: null }),
+		};
+		expect(buildExistingDynamicVariableQuery(variables, 'v1', true)).toBe('');
+	});
+
+	it('should skip variables with empty string selectedValue', () => {
+		const variables = {
+			v2: makeDynamicVar({ id: 'v2', selectedValue: '' }),
+		};
+		expect(buildExistingDynamicVariableQuery(variables, 'v1', true)).toBe('');
+	});
+
+	it('should skip variables with empty array selectedValue', () => {
+		const variables = {
+			v2: makeDynamicVar({ id: 'v2', selectedValue: [] }),
+		};
+		expect(buildExistingDynamicVariableQuery(variables, 'v1', true)).toBe('');
+	});
+
+	it('should skip variables where showALLOption and allSelected are both true', () => {
+		const variables = {
+			v2: makeDynamicVar({
+				id: 'v2',
+				showALLOption: true,
+				allSelected: true,
+				dynamicVariablesAttribute: 'ns',
+				selectedValue: 'prod',
+			}),
+		};
+		expect(buildExistingDynamicVariableQuery(variables, 'v1', true)).toBe('');
+	});
+
+	it('should include variable with showALLOption true but allSelected false', () => {
+		const variables = {
+			v2: makeDynamicVar({
+				id: 'v2',
+				showALLOption: true,
+				allSelected: false,
+				dynamicVariablesAttribute: 'ns',
+				selectedValue: 'prod',
+			}),
+		};
+		expect(buildExistingDynamicVariableQuery(variables, 'v1', true)).toBe(
+			"ns = 'prod'",
+		);
+	});
+
+	// --- Value formatting ---
+	it('should quote string values in the query', () => {
+		const variables = {
+			v2: makeDynamicVar({
+				id: 'v2',
+				dynamicVariablesAttribute: 'k8s.namespace.name',
+				selectedValue: 'zeus',
+			}),
+		};
+		expect(buildExistingDynamicVariableQuery(variables, 'v1', true)).toBe(
+			"k8s.namespace.name = 'zeus'",
+		);
+	});
+
+	it('should leave numeric values unquoted', () => {
+		const variables = {
+			v2: makeDynamicVar({
+				id: 'v2',
+				dynamicVariablesAttribute: 'http.status_code',
+				selectedValue: '200',
+			}),
+		};
+		expect(buildExistingDynamicVariableQuery(variables, 'v1', true)).toBe(
+			'http.status_code = 200',
+		);
+	});
+
+	it('should escape single quotes in string values', () => {
+		const variables = {
+			v2: makeDynamicVar({
+				id: 'v2',
+				dynamicVariablesAttribute: 'user.name',
+				selectedValue: "O'Brien",
+			}),
+		};
+		expect(buildExistingDynamicVariableQuery(variables, 'v1', true)).toBe(
+			"user.name = 'O\\'Brien'",
+		);
+	});
+
+	it('should build an IN clause for array selectedValue with multiple items', () => {
+		const variables = {
+			v2: makeDynamicVar({
+				id: 'v2',
+				dynamicVariablesAttribute: 'k8s.namespace.name',
+				selectedValue: ['zeus', 'gene'],
+			}),
+		};
+		expect(buildExistingDynamicVariableQuery(variables, 'v1', true)).toBe(
+			"k8s.namespace.name IN ['zeus', 'gene']",
+		);
+	});
+
+	it('should handle mix of numeric and string values in IN clause', () => {
+		const variables = {
+			v2: makeDynamicVar({
+				id: 'v2',
+				dynamicVariablesAttribute: 'http.status_code',
+				selectedValue: ['200', 'unknown'],
+			}),
+		};
+		expect(buildExistingDynamicVariableQuery(variables, 'v1', true)).toBe(
+			"http.status_code IN [200, 'unknown']",
+		);
+	});
+
+	it('should filter out empty string values from array', () => {
+		const variables = {
+			v2: makeDynamicVar({
+				id: 'v2',
+				dynamicVariablesAttribute: 'region',
+				selectedValue: ['us-east', '', 'eu-west'],
+			}),
+		};
+		expect(buildExistingDynamicVariableQuery(variables, 'v1', true)).toBe(
+			"region IN ['us-east', 'eu-west']",
+		);
+	});
+
+	// --- Multiple siblings ---
+	it('should join multiple sibling variables with AND', () => {
+		const variables = {
+			v2: makeDynamicVar({
+				id: 'v2',
+				dynamicVariablesAttribute: 'k8s.namespace.name',
+				selectedValue: ['zeus', 'gene'],
+			}),
+			v3: makeDynamicVar({
+				id: 'v3',
+				dynamicVariablesAttribute: 'doc_op_type',
+				selectedValue: 'test',
+			}),
+		};
+		expect(buildExistingDynamicVariableQuery(variables, 'v1', true)).toBe(
+			"k8s.namespace.name IN ['zeus', 'gene'] AND doc_op_type = 'test'",
+		);
+	});
+
+	it('should return empty string when no variables are eligible', () => {
+		const variables = {
+			v1: makeDynamicVar({ id: 'v1' }), // same as current — skipped
+			v2: makeDynamicVar({ id: 'v2', type: 'QUERY' as any }), // not DYNAMIC
+			v3: makeDynamicVar({ id: 'v3', selectedValue: null }), // no value
+		};
+		expect(buildExistingDynamicVariableQuery(variables, 'v1', true)).toBe('');
+	});
+});
+
+describe('settleVariableFetch', () => {
+	const mockGetSnapshot = variableFetchStore.getSnapshot as jest.Mock;
+	const mockComplete = onVariableFetchComplete as jest.Mock;
+	const mockFailure = onVariableFetchFailure as jest.Mock;
+
+	beforeEach(() => {
+		jest.clearAllMocks();
+	});
+
+	it('should no-op when name is undefined', () => {
+		settleVariableFetch(undefined, 'complete');
+		expect(mockGetSnapshot).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+		expect(mockComplete).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+		expect(mockFailure).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it.each(['idle', 'waiting', 'error', undefined] as const)(
+		'should no-op when variable state is %s',
+		(state) => {
+			mockGetSnapshot.mockReturnValue({ states: { myVar: state } });
+			settleVariableFetch('myVar', 'complete');
+			expect(mockComplete).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+			expect(mockFailure).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+		},
+	);
+
+	it('should call onVariableFetchComplete when state is loading and outcome is complete', () => {
+		mockGetSnapshot.mockReturnValue({ states: { myVar: 'loading' } });
+		settleVariableFetch('myVar', 'complete');
+		expect(mockComplete).toHaveBeenCalledWith('myVar');
+		expect(mockFailure).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it('should call onVariableFetchComplete when state is revalidating and outcome is complete', () => {
+		mockGetSnapshot.mockReturnValue({ states: { myVar: 'revalidating' } });
+		settleVariableFetch('myVar', 'complete');
+		expect(mockComplete).toHaveBeenCalledWith('myVar');
+		expect(mockFailure).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it('should call onVariableFetchFailure when state is loading and outcome is failure', () => {
+		mockGetSnapshot.mockReturnValue({ states: { myVar: 'loading' } });
+		settleVariableFetch('myVar', 'failure');
+		expect(mockFailure).toHaveBeenCalledWith('myVar');
+		expect(mockComplete).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it('should call onVariableFetchFailure when state is revalidating and outcome is failure', () => {
+		mockGetSnapshot.mockReturnValue({ states: { myVar: 'revalidating' } });
+		settleVariableFetch('myVar', 'failure');
+		expect(mockFailure).toHaveBeenCalledWith('myVar');
+		expect(mockComplete).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+});
+
+describe('extractErrorMessage', () => {
+	const FALLBACK_MESSAGE =
+		'Please make sure configuration is valid and you have required setup and permissions';
+
+	it('should return SOMETHING_WENT_WRONG when error is null', () => {
+		expect(extractErrorMessage(null)).toBe('Something went wrong');
+	});
+
+	it('should return the error message when it exists', () => {
+		expect(extractErrorMessage({ message: 'Query timeout' })).toBe(
+			'Query timeout',
+		);
+	});
+
+	it('should return fallback when error object has no message property', () => {
+		expect(extractErrorMessage({})).toBe(FALLBACK_MESSAGE);
+	});
+
+	it('should return fallback when error.message is empty string', () => {
+		expect(extractErrorMessage({ message: '' })).toBe(FALLBACK_MESSAGE);
+	});
+
+	it('should return fallback when error.message is undefined', () => {
+		expect(extractErrorMessage({ message: undefined })).toBe(FALLBACK_MESSAGE);
+	});
+});

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/DashboardVariablesSelection/variableSelectStrategy/variableSelectStrategyTypes.ts

@@ -1,17 +1,11 @@
-import { IDashboardVariable } from 'types/api/dashboard/getAll';
+import { VariableItemProps } from '../VariableItem';
 
 export interface VariableSelectStrategy {
 	handleChange(params: {
 		value: string | string[];
-		variableData: IDashboardVariable;
+		variableData: VariableItemProps['variableData'];
+		onValueUpdate: VariableItemProps['onValueUpdate'];
 		optionsData: (string | number | boolean)[];
 		allAvailableOptionStrings: string[];
-		onValueUpdate: (
-			name: string,
-			id: string,
-			value: IDashboardVariable['selectedValue'],
-			allSelected: boolean,
-			haveCustomValuesSelected?: boolean,
-		) => void;
 	}): void;
 }

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/__test__/DynamicVariableDefaultBehavior.test.tsx

@@ -17,6 +17,19 @@ import { IDashboardVariable } from 'types/api/dashboard/getAll';
 
 import DynamicVariableInput from '../DashboardVariablesSelection/DynamicVariableInput';
 
+// Mock useVariableFetchState to return "fetching" state so useQuery is enabled
+jest.mock('hooks/dashboard/useVariableFetchState', () => ({
+	useVariableFetchState: (): Record<string, unknown> => ({
+		variableFetchCycleId: 0,
+		variableFetchState: 'loading',
+		isVariableSettled: false,
+		isVariableFetching: true,
+		hasVariableFetchedOnce: false,
+		isVariableWaitingForDependencies: false,
+		variableDependencyWaitMessage: '',
+	}),
+}));
+
 // Mock the getFieldValues API
 jest.mock('api/dynamicVariables/getFieldValues', () => ({
 	getFieldValues: jest.fn(),
@@ -95,7 +108,7 @@ describe('Dynamic Variable Default Behavior', () => {
 						}
 					}
 					if (queryFn) {
-						queryFn();
+						queryFn({ signal: undefined });
 					}
 				}
 			}, [enabled, variableName, dynamicVarsKey]); // Only depend on enabled/keys
@@ -234,6 +247,7 @@ describe('Dynamic Variable Default Behavior', () => {
 					'2023-01-01T00:00:00Z',
 					'2023-01-02T00:00:00Z',
 					'',
+					undefined, // signal
 				);
 			});
 
@@ -487,6 +501,7 @@ describe('Dynamic Variable Default Behavior', () => {
 					'2023-01-01T00:00:00Z',
 					'2023-01-02T00:00:00Z',
 					'',
+					undefined, // signal
 				);
 			});
 

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/__test__/IntegrationTests.test.tsx

@@ -49,15 +49,11 @@ const mockDashboard = {
 // Mock the dashboard provider with stable functions to prevent infinite loops
 const mockSetSelectedDashboard = jest.fn();
 const mockUpdateLocalStorageDashboardVariables = jest.fn();
-const mockSetVariablesToGetUpdated = jest.fn();
-
 jest.mock('providers/Dashboard/Dashboard', () => ({
 	useDashboard: (): any => ({
 		selectedDashboard: mockDashboard,
 		setSelectedDashboard: mockSetSelectedDashboard,
 		updateLocalStorageDashboardVariables: mockUpdateLocalStorageDashboardVariables,
-		variablesToGetUpdated: ['env'], // Stable initial value
-		setVariablesToGetUpdated: mockSetVariablesToGetUpdated,
 	}),
 }));
 

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/BarChart/BarChart.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import { useCallback } from 'react';
+import ChartWrapper from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/ChartWrapper/ChartWrapper';
+import BarChartTooltip from 'lib/uPlotV2/components/Tooltip/BarChartTooltip';
+import {
+	BarTooltipProps,
+	TooltipRenderArgs,
+} from 'lib/uPlotV2/components/types';
+
+import { useBarChartStacking } from '../../hooks/useBarChartStacking';
+import { BarChartProps } from '../types';
+
+export default function BarChart(props: BarChartProps): JSX.Element {
+	const { children, isStackedBarChart, config, data, ...rest } = props;
+
+	const chartData = useBarChartStacking({
+		data,
+		isStackedBarChart,
+		config,
+	});
+
+	const renderTooltip = useCallback(
+		(props: TooltipRenderArgs): React.ReactNode => {
+			const tooltipProps: BarTooltipProps = {
+				...props,
+				timezone: rest.timezone,
+				yAxisUnit: rest.yAxisUnit,
+				decimalPrecision: rest.decimalPrecision,
+				isStackedBarChart: isStackedBarChart,
+			};
+			return <BarChartTooltip {...tooltipProps} />;
+		},
+		[rest.timezone, rest.yAxisUnit, rest.decimalPrecision, isStackedBarChart],
+	);
+
+	return (
+		<ChartWrapper
+			{...rest}
+			config={config}
+			data={chartData}
+			renderTooltip={renderTooltip}
+		>
+			{children}
+		</ChartWrapper>
+	);
+}

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/utils/__tests__/stackUtils.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+import { AlignedData } from 'uplot';
+
+import { getInitialStackedBands, stack } from '../stackUtils';
+
+describe('stackUtils', () => {
+	describe('stack', () => {
+		const neverOmit = (): boolean => false;
+
+		it('preserves time axis as first row', () => {
+			const data: AlignedData = [
+				[100, 200, 300],
+				[1, 2, 3],
+				[4, 5, 6],
+			];
+			const { data: result } = stack(data, neverOmit);
+			expect(result[0]).toEqual([100, 200, 300]);
+		});
+
+		it('stacks value series cumulatively (last = raw, first = total)', () => {
+			// Time, then 3 value series. Stack order: last series stays raw, then we add upward.
+			const data: AlignedData = [
+				[0, 1, 2],
+				[1, 2, 3], // series 1
+				[4, 5, 6], // series 2
+				[7, 8, 9], // series 3
+			];
+			const { data: result } = stack(data, neverOmit);
+			// result[1] = s1+s2+s3, result[2] = s2+s3, result[3] = s3
+			expect(result[1]).toEqual([12, 15, 18]); // 1+4+7, 2+5+8, 3+6+9
+			expect(result[2]).toEqual([11, 13, 15]); // 4+7, 5+8, 6+9
+			expect(result[3]).toEqual([7, 8, 9]);
+		});
+
+		it('treats null values as 0 when stacking', () => {
+			const data: AlignedData = [
+				[0, 1],
+				[1, null],
+				[null, 10],
+			];
+			const { data: result } = stack(data, neverOmit);
+			expect(result[1]).toEqual([1, 10]); // total
+			expect(result[2]).toEqual([0, 10]); // last series with null→0
+		});
+
+		it('copies omitted series as-is without accumulating', () => {
+			// Omit series 2 (index 2); series 1 and 3 are stacked.
+			const data: AlignedData = [
+				[0, 1],
+				[10, 20], // series 1
+				[100, 200], // series 2 - omitted
+				[1, 2], // series 3
+			];
+			const omitSeries2 = (i: number): boolean => i === 2;
+			const { data: result } = stack(data, omitSeries2);
+			// series 3 raw: [1, 2]; series 2 omitted: [100, 200] as-is; series 1 stacked with s3: [11, 22]
+			expect(result[1]).toEqual([11, 22]); // 10+1, 20+2
+			expect(result[2]).toEqual([100, 200]); // copied, not stacked
+			expect(result[3]).toEqual([1, 2]);
+		});
+
+		it('returns bands between consecutive visible series when none omitted', () => {
+			const data: AlignedData = [
+				[0, 1],
+				[1, 2],
+				[3, 4],
+				[5, 6],
+			];
+			const { bands } = stack(data, neverOmit);
+			expect(bands).toEqual([{ series: [1, 2] }, { series: [2, 3] }]);
+		});
+
+		it('returns bands only between visible series when some are omitted', () => {
+			// 4 value series; omit index 2. Visible: 1, 3, 4. Bands: [1,3], [3,4]
+			const data: AlignedData = [[0], [1], [2], [3], [4]];
+			const omitSeries2 = (i: number): boolean => i === 2;
+			const { bands } = stack(data, omitSeries2);
+			expect(bands).toEqual([{ series: [1, 3] }, { series: [3, 4] }]);
+		});
+
+		it('returns empty bands when only one value series', () => {
+			const data: AlignedData = [
+				[0, 1],
+				[1, 2],
+			];
+			const { bands } = stack(data, neverOmit);
+			expect(bands).toEqual([]);
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('getInitialStackedBands', () => {
+		it('returns one band between each consecutive pair for seriesCount 3', () => {
+			expect(getInitialStackedBands(3)).toEqual([
+				{ series: [1, 2] },
+				{ series: [2, 3] },
+			]);
+		});
+
+		it('returns empty array for seriesCount 0 or 1', () => {
+			expect(getInitialStackedBands(0)).toEqual([]);
+			expect(getInitialStackedBands(1)).toEqual([]);
+		});
+
+		it('returns single band for seriesCount 2', () => {
+			expect(getInitialStackedBands(2)).toEqual([{ series: [1, 2] }]);
+		});
+
+		it('returns bands [1,2], [2,3], ..., [n-1, n] for seriesCount n', () => {
+			const bands = getInitialStackedBands(5);
+			expect(bands).toEqual([
+				{ series: [1, 2] },
+				{ series: [2, 3] },
+				{ series: [3, 4] },
+				{ series: [4, 5] },
+			]);
+		});
+	});
+});

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/utils/stackSeriesUtils.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+import uPlot, { AlignedData } from 'uplot';
+
+/**
+ * Stack data cumulatively (top-down: first series = top, last = bottom).
+ * When `omit(seriesIndex)` returns true, that series is excluded from stacking.
+ */
+export function stackSeries(
+	data: AlignedData,
+	omit: (seriesIndex: number) => boolean,
+): { data: AlignedData; bands: uPlot.Band[] } {
+	const timeAxis = data[0];
+	const pointCount = timeAxis.length;
+	const valueSeriesCount = data.length - 1; // exclude time axis
+
+	const stackedSeries = buildStackedSeries({
+		data,
+		valueSeriesCount,
+		pointCount,
+		omit,
+	});
+	const bands = buildFillBands(valueSeriesCount + 1, omit); // +1 for 1-based series indices
+
+	return {
+		data: [timeAxis, ...stackedSeries] as AlignedData,
+		bands,
+	};
+}
+
+interface BuildStackedSeriesParams {
+	data: AlignedData;
+	valueSeriesCount: number;
+	pointCount: number;
+	omit: (seriesIndex: number) => boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Accumulate from last series upward: last series = raw values, first = total.
+ * Omitted series are copied as-is (no accumulation).
+ */
+function buildStackedSeries({
+	data,
+	valueSeriesCount,
+	pointCount,
+	omit,
+}: BuildStackedSeriesParams): (number | null)[][] {
+	const stackedSeries: (number | null)[][] = Array(valueSeriesCount);
+	const cumulativeSums = Array(pointCount).fill(0) as number[];
+
+	for (let seriesIndex = valueSeriesCount; seriesIndex >= 1; seriesIndex--) {
+		const rawValues = data[seriesIndex] as (number | null)[];
+
+		if (omit(seriesIndex)) {
+			stackedSeries[seriesIndex - 1] = rawValues;
+		} else {
+			stackedSeries[seriesIndex - 1] = rawValues.map((rawValue, pointIndex) => {
+				const numericValue = rawValue == null ? 0 : Number(rawValue);
+				return (cumulativeSums[pointIndex] += numericValue);
+			});
+		}
+	}
+
+	return stackedSeries;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Bands define fill between consecutive visible series for stacked appearance.
+ * uPlot format: [upperSeriesIdx, lowerSeriesIdx].
+ */
+function buildFillBands(
+	seriesLength: number,
+	omit: (seriesIndex: number) => boolean,
+): uPlot.Band[] {
+	const bands: uPlot.Band[] = [];
+
+	for (let seriesIndex = 1; seriesIndex < seriesLength; seriesIndex++) {
+		if (omit(seriesIndex)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		const nextVisibleSeriesIndex = findNextVisibleSeriesIndex(
+			seriesLength,
+			seriesIndex,
+			omit,
+		);
+		if (nextVisibleSeriesIndex !== -1) {
+			bands.push({ series: [seriesIndex, nextVisibleSeriesIndex] });
+		}
+	}
+
+	return bands;
+}
+
+function findNextVisibleSeriesIndex(
+	seriesLength: number,
+	afterIndex: number,
+	omit: (seriesIndex: number) => boolean,
+): number {
+	for (let i = afterIndex + 1; i < seriesLength; i++) {
+		if (!omit(i)) {
+			return i;
+		}
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns band indices for initial stacked state (no series omitted).
+ * Top-down: first series at top, band fills between consecutive series.
+ * uPlot band format: [upperSeriesIdx, lowerSeriesIdx].
+ */
+export function getInitialStackedBands(seriesCount: number): uPlot.Band[] {
+	const bands: uPlot.Band[] = [];
+	for (let seriesIndex = 1; seriesIndex < seriesCount; seriesIndex++) {
+		bands.push({ series: [seriesIndex, seriesIndex + 1] });
+	}
+	return bands;
+}

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/utils/stackUtils.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+import uPlot, { AlignedData } from 'uplot';
+
+/**
+ * Stack data cumulatively (top-down: first series = top, last = bottom).
+ * When `omit(seriesIndex)` returns true, that series is excluded from stacking.
+ */
+export function stack(
+	data: AlignedData,
+	omit: (seriesIndex: number) => boolean,
+): { data: AlignedData; bands: uPlot.Band[] } {
+	const timeAxis = data[0];
+	const pointCount = timeAxis.length;
+	const valueSeriesCount = data.length - 1; // exclude time axis
+
+	const stackedSeries = buildStackedSeries({
+		data,
+		valueSeriesCount,
+		pointCount,
+		omit,
+	});
+	const bands = buildFillBands(valueSeriesCount + 1, omit); // +1 for 1-based series indices
+
+	return {
+		data: [timeAxis, ...stackedSeries] as AlignedData,
+		bands,
+	};
+}
+
+interface BuildStackedSeriesParams {
+	data: AlignedData;
+	valueSeriesCount: number;
+	pointCount: number;
+	omit: (seriesIndex: number) => boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Accumulate from last series upward: last series = raw values, first = total.
+ * Omitted series are copied as-is (no accumulation).
+ */
+function buildStackedSeries({
+	data,
+	valueSeriesCount,
+	pointCount,
+	omit,
+}: BuildStackedSeriesParams): (number | null)[][] {
+	const stackedSeries: (number | null)[][] = Array(valueSeriesCount);
+	const cumulativeSums = Array(pointCount).fill(0) as number[];
+
+	for (let seriesIndex = valueSeriesCount; seriesIndex >= 1; seriesIndex--) {
+		const rawValues = data[seriesIndex] as (number | null)[];
+
+		if (omit(seriesIndex)) {
+			stackedSeries[seriesIndex - 1] = rawValues;
+		} else {
+			stackedSeries[seriesIndex - 1] = rawValues.map((rawValue, pointIndex) => {
+				const numericValue = rawValue == null ? 0 : Number(rawValue);
+				return (cumulativeSums[pointIndex] += numericValue);
+			});
+		}
+	}
+
+	return stackedSeries;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Bands define fill between consecutive visible series for stacked appearance.
+ * uPlot format: [upperSeriesIdx, lowerSeriesIdx].
+ */
+function buildFillBands(
+	seriesLength: number,
+	omit: (seriesIndex: number) => boolean,
+): uPlot.Band[] {
+	const bands: uPlot.Band[] = [];
+
+	for (let seriesIndex = 1; seriesIndex < seriesLength; seriesIndex++) {
+		if (omit(seriesIndex)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		const nextVisibleSeriesIndex = findNextVisibleSeriesIndex(
+			seriesLength,
+			seriesIndex,
+			omit,
+		);
+		if (nextVisibleSeriesIndex !== -1) {
+			bands.push({ series: [seriesIndex, nextVisibleSeriesIndex] });
+		}
+	}
+
+	return bands;
+}
+
+function findNextVisibleSeriesIndex(
+	seriesLength: number,
+	afterIndex: number,
+	omit: (seriesIndex: number) => boolean,
+): number {
+	for (let i = afterIndex + 1; i < seriesLength; i++) {
+		if (!omit(i)) {
+			return i;
+		}
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns band indices for initial stacked state (no series omitted).
+ * Top-down: first series at top, band fills between consecutive series.
+ * uPlot band format: [upperSeriesIdx, lowerSeriesIdx].
+ */
+export function getInitialStackedBands(seriesCount: number): uPlot.Band[] {
+	const bands: uPlot.Band[] = [];
+	for (let seriesIndex = 1; seriesIndex < seriesCount; seriesIndex++) {
+		bands.push({ series: [seriesIndex, seriesIndex + 1] });
+	}
+	return bands;
+}

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/hooks/__tests__/useBarChartStacking.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+import { renderHook } from '@testing-library/react';
+import uPlot from 'uplot';
+
+import type { UseBarChartStackingParams } from '../useBarChartStacking';
+import { useBarChartStacking } from '../useBarChartStacking';
+
+type MockConfig = { addHook: jest.Mock };
+
+function asConfig(c: MockConfig): UseBarChartStackingParams['config'] {
+	return (c as unknown) as UseBarChartStackingParams['config'];
+}
+
+function createMockConfig(): {
+	config: MockConfig;
+	invokeSetData: (plot: uPlot) => void;
+	invokeSetSeries: (
+		plot: uPlot,
+		seriesIndex: number | null,
+		opts: Partial<uPlot.Series> & { focus?: boolean },
+	) => void;
+	removeSetData: jest.Mock;
+	removeSetSeries: jest.Mock;
+} {
+	let setDataHandler: ((plot: uPlot) => void) | null = null;
+	let setSeriesHandler:
+		| ((plot: uPlot, seriesIndex: number | null, opts: uPlot.Series) => void)
+		| null = null;
+
+	const removeSetData = jest.fn();
+	const removeSetSeries = jest.fn();
+
+	const addHook = jest.fn(
+		(
+			hookName: string,
+			handler: (plot: uPlot, ...args: unknown[]) => void,
+		): (() => void) => {
+			if (hookName === 'setData') {
+				setDataHandler = handler as (plot: uPlot) => void;
+				return removeSetData;
+			}
+			if (hookName === 'setSeries') {
+				setSeriesHandler = handler as (
+					plot: uPlot,
+					seriesIndex: number | null,
+					opts: uPlot.Series,
+				) => void;
+				return removeSetSeries;
+			}
+			return jest.fn();
+		},
+	);
+
+	const config: MockConfig = { addHook };
+
+	const invokeSetData = (plot: uPlot): void => {
+		setDataHandler?.(plot);
+	};
+
+	const invokeSetSeries = (
+		plot: uPlot,
+		seriesIndex: number | null,
+		opts: Partial<uPlot.Series> & { focus?: boolean },
+	): void => {
+		setSeriesHandler?.(plot, seriesIndex, opts as uPlot.Series);
+	};
+
+	return {
+		config,
+		invokeSetData,
+		invokeSetSeries,
+		removeSetData,
+		removeSetSeries,
+	};
+}
+
+function createMockPlot(overrides: Partial<uPlot> = {}): uPlot {
+	return ({
+		data: [
+			[0, 1, 2],
+			[1, 2, 3],
+			[4, 5, 6],
+		],
+		series: [{ show: true }, { show: true }, { show: true }],
+		delBand: jest.fn(),
+		addBand: jest.fn(),
+		setData: jest.fn(),
+		...overrides,
+	} as unknown) as uPlot;
+}
+
+describe('useBarChartStacking', () => {
+	it('returns data as-is when isStackedBarChart is false', () => {
+		const data: uPlot.AlignedData = [
+			[100, 200],
+			[1, 2],
+			[3, 4],
+		];
+		const { result } = renderHook(() =>
+			useBarChartStacking({
+				data,
+				isStackedBarChart: false,
+				config: null,
+			}),
+		);
+		expect(result.current).toBe(data);
+	});
+
+	it('returns data as-is when config is null and isStackedBarChart is true', () => {
+		const data: uPlot.AlignedData = [
+			[0, 1],
+			[1, 2],
+			[4, 5],
+		];
+		const { result } = renderHook(() =>
+			useBarChartStacking({
+				data,
+				isStackedBarChart: true,
+				config: null,
+			}),
+		);
+		// Still returns stacked data (computed in useMemo); no hooks registered
+		expect(result.current[0]).toEqual([0, 1]);
+		expect(result.current[1]).toEqual([5, 7]); // stacked
+		expect(result.current[2]).toEqual([4, 5]);
+	});
+
+	it('returns stacked data when isStackedBarChart is true and multiple value series', () => {
+		const data: uPlot.AlignedData = [
+			[0, 1, 2],
+			[1, 2, 3],
+			[4, 5, 6],
+			[7, 8, 9],
+		];
+		const { result } = renderHook(() =>
+			useBarChartStacking({
+				data,
+				isStackedBarChart: true,
+				config: null,
+			}),
+		);
+		expect(result.current[0]).toEqual([0, 1, 2]);
+		expect(result.current[1]).toEqual([12, 15, 18]); // s1+s2+s3
+		expect(result.current[2]).toEqual([11, 13, 15]); // s2+s3
+		expect(result.current[3]).toEqual([7, 8, 9]);
+	});
+
+	it('returns data as-is when only one value series (no stacking needed)', () => {
+		const data: uPlot.AlignedData = [
+			[0, 1],
+			[1, 2],
+		];
+		const { result } = renderHook(() =>
+			useBarChartStacking({
+				data,
+				isStackedBarChart: true,
+				config: null,
+			}),
+		);
+		expect(result.current).toEqual(data);
+	});
+
+	it('registers setData and setSeries hooks when isStackedBarChart and config provided', () => {
+		const { config } = createMockConfig();
+		const data: uPlot.AlignedData = [
+			[0, 1],
+			[1, 2],
+			[3, 4],
+		];
+
+		renderHook(() =>
+			useBarChartStacking({
+				data,
+				isStackedBarChart: true,
+				config: asConfig(config),
+			}),
+		);
+
+		expect(config.addHook).toHaveBeenCalledWith('setData', expect.any(Function));
+		expect(config.addHook).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+			'setSeries',
+			expect.any(Function),
+		);
+	});
+
+	it('does not register hooks when isStackedBarChart is false', () => {
+		const { config } = createMockConfig();
+		const data: uPlot.AlignedData = [
+			[0, 1],
+			[1, 2],
+			[3, 4],
+		];
+
+		renderHook(() =>
+			useBarChartStacking({
+				data,
+				isStackedBarChart: false,
+				config: asConfig(config),
+			}),
+		);
+
+		expect(config.addHook).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it('calls cleanup when unmounted', () => {
+		const { config, removeSetData, removeSetSeries } = createMockConfig();
+		const data: uPlot.AlignedData = [
+			[0, 1],
+			[1, 2],
+			[3, 4],
+		];
+
+		const { unmount } = renderHook(() =>
+			useBarChartStacking({
+				data,
+				isStackedBarChart: true,
+				config: asConfig(config),
+			}),
+		);
+
+		unmount();
+
+		expect(removeSetData).toHaveBeenCalled();
+		expect(removeSetSeries).toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it('re-stacks and updates plot when setData hook is invoked', () => {
+		const { config, invokeSetData } = createMockConfig();
+		const data: uPlot.AlignedData = [
+			[0, 1, 2],
+			[1, 2, 3],
+			[4, 5, 6],
+		];
+		const plot = createMockPlot({
+			data: [
+				[0, 1, 2],
+				[5, 7, 9],
+				[4, 5, 6],
+			],
+		});
+
+		renderHook(() =>
+			useBarChartStacking({
+				data,
+				isStackedBarChart: true,
+				config: asConfig(config),
+			}),
+		);
+
+		invokeSetData(plot);
+
+		expect(plot.delBand).toHaveBeenCalledWith(null);
+		expect(plot.addBand).toHaveBeenCalled();
+		expect(plot.setData).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+			expect.arrayContaining([
+				[0, 1, 2],
+				expect.any(Array), // stacked row 1
+				expect.any(Array), // stacked row 2
+			]),
+		);
+	});
+
+	it('re-stacks when setSeries hook is invoked (e.g. legend toggle)', () => {
+		const { config, invokeSetSeries } = createMockConfig();
+		const data: uPlot.AlignedData = [
+			[0, 1],
+			[10, 20],
+			[5, 10],
+		];
+		// Plot data must match unstacked length so canApplyStacking passes
+		const plot = createMockPlot({
+			data: [
+				[0, 1],
+				[15, 30],
+				[5, 10],
+			],
+		});
+
+		renderHook(() =>
+			useBarChartStacking({
+				data,
+				isStackedBarChart: true,
+				config: asConfig(config),
+			}),
+		);
+
+		invokeSetSeries(plot, 1, { show: false });
+
+		expect(plot.setData).toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it('does not re-stack when setSeries is called with focus option', () => {
+		const { config, invokeSetSeries } = createMockConfig();
+		const data: uPlot.AlignedData = [
+			[0, 1],
+			[1, 2],
+			[3, 4],
+		];
+		const plot = createMockPlot();
+
+		renderHook(() =>
+			useBarChartStacking({
+				data,
+				isStackedBarChart: true,
+				config: asConfig(config),
+			}),
+		);
+
+		(plot.setData as jest.Mock).mockClear();
+		invokeSetSeries(plot, 1, { focus: true } as uPlot.Series);
+
+		expect(plot.setData).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+});

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/hooks/useBarChartStacking.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+import {
+	MutableRefObject,
+	useCallback,
+	useLayoutEffect,
+	useMemo,
+	useRef,
+} from 'react';
+import { UPlotConfigBuilder } from 'lib/uPlotV2/config/UPlotConfigBuilder';
+import { has } from 'lodash-es';
+import uPlot from 'uplot';
+
+import { stackSeries } from '../charts/utils/stackSeriesUtils';
+
+/** Returns true if the series at the given index is hidden (e.g. via legend toggle). */
+function isSeriesHidden(plot: uPlot, seriesIndex: number): boolean {
+	return !plot.series[seriesIndex]?.show;
+}
+
+function canApplyStacking(
+	unstackedData: uPlot.AlignedData | null,
+	plot: uPlot,
+	isUpdating: boolean,
+): boolean {
+	return (
+		!isUpdating &&
+		!!unstackedData &&
+		!!plot.data &&
+		unstackedData[0]?.length === plot.data[0]?.length
+	);
+}
+
+function setupStackingHooks(
+	config: UPlotConfigBuilder,
+	applyStackingToChart: (plot: uPlot) => void,
+	isUpdatingRef: MutableRefObject<boolean>,
+): () => void {
+	const onDataChange = (plot: uPlot): void => {
+		if (!isUpdatingRef.current) {
+			applyStackingToChart(plot);
+		}
+	};
+
+	const onSeriesVisibilityChange = (
+		plot: uPlot,
+		_seriesIdx: number | null,
+		opts: uPlot.Series,
+	): void => {
+		if (!has(opts, 'focus')) {
+			applyStackingToChart(plot);
+		}
+	};
+
+	const removeSetDataHook = config.addHook('setData', onDataChange);
+	const removeSetSeriesHook = config.addHook(
+		'setSeries',
+		onSeriesVisibilityChange,
+	);
+
+	return (): void => {
+		removeSetDataHook?.();
+		removeSetSeriesHook?.();
+	};
+}
+
+export interface UseBarChartStackingParams {
+	data: uPlot.AlignedData;
+	isStackedBarChart?: boolean;
+	config: UPlotConfigBuilder | null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Handles stacking for bar charts: computes initial stacked data and re-stacks
+ * when data or series visibility changes (e.g. legend toggles).
+ */
+export function useBarChartStacking({
+	data,
+	isStackedBarChart = false,
+	config,
+}: UseBarChartStackingParams): uPlot.AlignedData {
+	// Store unstacked source data so uPlot hooks can access it (hooks run outside React's render cycle)
+	const unstackedDataRef = useRef<uPlot.AlignedData | null>(null);
+	unstackedDataRef.current = isStackedBarChart ? data : null;
+
+	// Prevents re-entrant calls when we update chart data (avoids infinite loop in setData hook)
+	const isUpdatingChartRef = useRef(false);
+
+	const chartData = useMemo((): uPlot.AlignedData => {
+		if (!isStackedBarChart || !data || data.length < 2) {
+			return data;
+		}
+		const noSeriesHidden = (): boolean => false; // include all series in initial stack
+		const { data: stacked } = stackSeries(data, noSeriesHidden);
+		return stacked;
+	}, [data, isStackedBarChart]);
+
+	const applyStackingToChart = useCallback((plot: uPlot): void => {
+		const unstacked = unstackedDataRef.current;
+		if (
+			!unstacked ||
+			!canApplyStacking(unstacked, plot, isUpdatingChartRef.current)
+		) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		const shouldExcludeSeries = (idx: number): boolean =>
+			isSeriesHidden(plot, idx);
+		const { data: stacked, bands } = stackSeries(unstacked, shouldExcludeSeries);
+
+		plot.delBand(null);
+		bands.forEach((band: uPlot.Band) => plot.addBand(band));
+
+		isUpdatingChartRef.current = true;
+		plot.setData(stacked);
+		isUpdatingChartRef.current = false;
+	}, []);
+
+	useLayoutEffect(() => {
+		if (!isStackedBarChart || !config) {
+			return undefined;
+		}
+		return setupStackingHooks(config, applyStackingToChart, isUpdatingChartRef);
+	}, [isStackedBarChart, config, applyStackingToChart]);
+
+	return chartData;
+}

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/BarPanel/BarPanel.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from 'react';
+import { PanelWrapperProps } from 'container/PanelWrapper/panelWrapper.types';
+import { useIsDarkMode } from 'hooks/useDarkMode';
+import { useResizeObserver } from 'hooks/useDimensions';
+import { LegendPosition } from 'lib/uPlotV2/components/types';
+import ContextMenu from 'periscope/components/ContextMenu';
+import { useDashboard } from 'providers/Dashboard/Dashboard';
+import { useTimezone } from 'providers/Timezone';
+import { MetricRangePayloadProps } from 'types/api/metrics/getQueryRange';
+import uPlot from 'uplot';
+import { getTimeRange } from 'utils/getTimeRange';
+
+import BarChart from '../../charts/BarChart/BarChart';
+import ChartManager from '../../components/ChartManager/ChartManager';
+import { usePanelContextMenu } from '../../hooks/usePanelContextMenu';
+import { prepareBarPanelConfig, prepareBarPanelData } from './utils';
+
+import '../Panel.styles.scss';
+
+function BarPanel(props: PanelWrapperProps): JSX.Element {
+	const {
+		panelMode,
+		queryResponse,
+		widget,
+		onDragSelect,
+		isFullViewMode,
+		onToggleModelHandler,
+	} = props;
+	const uPlotRef = useRef<uPlot | null>(null);
+	const { toScrollWidgetId, setToScrollWidgetId } = useDashboard();
+	const graphRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+	const [minTimeScale, setMinTimeScale] = useState<number>();
+	const [maxTimeScale, setMaxTimeScale] = useState<number>();
+	const containerDimensions = useResizeObserver(graphRef);
+
+	const isDarkMode = useIsDarkMode();
+	const { timezone } = useTimezone();
+
+	useEffect(() => {
+		if (toScrollWidgetId === widget.id) {
+			graphRef.current?.scrollIntoView({
+				behavior: 'smooth',
+				block: 'center',
+			});
+			graphRef.current?.focus();
+			setToScrollWidgetId('');
+		}
+	}, [toScrollWidgetId, setToScrollWidgetId, widget.id]);
+
+	useEffect((): void => {
+		const { startTime, endTime } = getTimeRange(queryResponse);
+
+		setMinTimeScale(startTime);
+		setMaxTimeScale(endTime);
+	}, [queryResponse]);
+
+	const {
+		coordinates,
+		popoverPosition,
+		onClose,
+		menuItemsConfig,
+		clickHandlerWithContextMenu,
+	} = usePanelContextMenu({
+		widget,
+		queryResponse,
+	});
+
+	const config = useMemo(() => {
+		return prepareBarPanelConfig({
+			widget,
+			isDarkMode,
+			currentQuery: widget.query,
+			onClick: clickHandlerWithContextMenu,
+			onDragSelect,
+			apiResponse: queryResponse?.data?.payload as MetricRangePayloadProps,
+			timezone,
+			panelMode,
+			minTimeScale: minTimeScale,
+			maxTimeScale: maxTimeScale,
+		});
+	}, [
+		widget,
+		isDarkMode,
+		queryResponse?.data?.payload,
+		clickHandlerWithContextMenu,
+		onDragSelect,
+		minTimeScale,
+		maxTimeScale,
+		timezone,
+		panelMode,
+	]);
+
+	const chartData = useMemo(() => {
+		if (!queryResponse?.data?.payload) {
+			return [];
+		}
+		return prepareBarPanelData(queryResponse?.data?.payload);
+	}, [queryResponse?.data?.payload]);
+
+	const layoutChildren = useMemo(() => {
+		if (!isFullViewMode) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		return (
+			<ChartManager
+				config={config}
+				alignedData={chartData}
+				yAxisUnit={widget.yAxisUnit}
+				onCancel={onToggleModelHandler}
+			/>
+		);
+	}, [
+		isFullViewMode,
+		config,
+		chartData,
+		widget.yAxisUnit,
+		onToggleModelHandler,
+	]);
+
+	const onPlotDestroy = useCallback(() => {
+		uPlotRef.current = null;
+	}, []);
+
+	const onPlotRef = useCallback((plot: uPlot | null): void => {
+		uPlotRef.current = plot;
+	}, []);
+
+	return (
+		<div className="panel-container" ref={graphRef}>
+			{containerDimensions.width > 0 && containerDimensions.height > 0 && (
+				<BarChart
+					config={config}
+					legendConfig={{
+						position: widget?.legendPosition ?? LegendPosition.BOTTOM,
+					}}
+					plotRef={onPlotRef}
+					onDestroy={onPlotDestroy}
+					yAxisUnit={widget.yAxisUnit}
+					decimalPrecision={widget.decimalPrecision}
+					timezone={timezone.value}
+					data={chartData as uPlot.AlignedData}
+					width={containerDimensions.width}
+					height={containerDimensions.height}
+					layoutChildren={layoutChildren}
+					isStackedBarChart={widget.stackedBarChart ?? false}
+				>
+					<ContextMenu
+						coordinates={coordinates}
+						popoverPosition={popoverPosition}
+						title={menuItemsConfig.header as string}
+						items={menuItemsConfig.items}
+						onClose={onClose}
+					/>
+				</BarChart>
+			)}
+		</div>
+	);
+}
+
+export default BarPanel;

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/BarPanel/utils.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+import { Timezone } from 'components/CustomTimePicker/timezoneUtils';
+import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
+import { getInitialStackedBands } from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/utils/stackSeriesUtils';
+import { getLegend } from 'lib/dashboard/getQueryResults';
+import getLabelName from 'lib/getLabelName';
+import { OnClickPluginOpts } from 'lib/uPlotLib/plugins/onClickPlugin';
+import {
+	DrawStyle,
+	LineInterpolation,
+	LineStyle,
+	VisibilityMode,
+} from 'lib/uPlotV2/config/types';
+import { UPlotConfigBuilder } from 'lib/uPlotV2/config/UPlotConfigBuilder';
+import { get } from 'lodash-es';
+import { Widgets } from 'types/api/dashboard/getAll';
+import { MetricRangePayloadProps } from 'types/api/metrics/getQueryRange';
+import { Query } from 'types/api/queryBuilder/queryBuilderData';
+import { QueryData } from 'types/api/widgets/getQuery';
+import { AlignedData } from 'uplot';
+
+import { PanelMode } from '../types';
+import { fillMissingXAxisTimestamps, getXAxisTimestamps } from '../utils';
+import { buildBaseConfig } from '../utils/baseConfigBuilder';
+
+export function prepareBarPanelData(
+	apiResponse: MetricRangePayloadProps,
+): AlignedData {
+	const seriesList = apiResponse?.data?.result || [];
+	const timestampArr = getXAxisTimestamps(seriesList);
+	const yAxisValuesArr = fillMissingXAxisTimestamps(timestampArr, seriesList);
+	return [timestampArr, ...yAxisValuesArr];
+}
+
+export function prepareBarPanelConfig({
+	widget,
+	isDarkMode,
+	currentQuery,
+	onClick,
+	onDragSelect,
+	apiResponse,
+	timezone,
+	panelMode,
+	minTimeScale,
+	maxTimeScale,
+}: {
+	widget: Widgets;
+	isDarkMode: boolean;
+	currentQuery: Query;
+	onClick: OnClickPluginOpts['onClick'];
+	onDragSelect: (startTime: number, endTime: number) => void;
+	apiResponse: MetricRangePayloadProps;
+	timezone: Timezone;
+	panelMode: PanelMode;
+	minTimeScale?: number;
+	maxTimeScale?: number;
+}): UPlotConfigBuilder {
+	const builder = buildBaseConfig({
+		widget,
+		isDarkMode,
+		onClick,
+		onDragSelect,
+		apiResponse,
+		timezone,
+		panelMode,
+		panelType: PANEL_TYPES.BAR,
+		minTimeScale,
+		maxTimeScale,
+	});
+
+	builder.setCursor({
+		focus: {
+			prox: 1e3,
+		},
+	});
+
+	if (widget.stackedBarChart) {
+		const seriesCount = (apiResponse?.data?.result?.length ?? 0) + 1; // +1 for 1-based uPlot series indices
+		builder.setBands(getInitialStackedBands(seriesCount));
+	}
+
+	const stepIntervals: Record<string, number> = get(
+		apiResponse,
+		'data.newResult.meta.stepIntervals',
+		{},
+	);
+
+	const seriesList: QueryData[] = apiResponse?.data?.result || [];
+	seriesList.forEach((series) => {
+		const baseLabelName = getLabelName(
+			series.metric,
+			series.queryName || '', // query
+			series.legend || '',
+		);
+
+		const label = currentQuery
+			? getLegend(series, currentQuery, baseLabelName)
+			: baseLabelName;
+
+		const currentStepInterval = get(stepIntervals, series.queryName, undefined);
+
+		builder.addSeries({
+			scaleKey: 'y',
+			drawStyle: DrawStyle.Bar,
+			panelType: PANEL_TYPES.BAR,
+			label: label,
+			colorMapping: widget.customLegendColors ?? {},
+			spanGaps: false,
+			lineStyle: LineStyle.Solid,
+			lineInterpolation: LineInterpolation.Spline,
+			showPoints: VisibilityMode.Never,
+			pointSize: 5,
+			isDarkMode,
+			stepInterval: currentStepInterval,
+		});
+	});
+
+	return builder;
+}

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/TimeSeriesPanel/utils.ts

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ export const prepareUPlotConfig = ({
 			drawStyle: DrawStyle.Line,
 			label: label,
 			colorMapping: widget.customLegendColors ?? {},
-			spanGaps: false,
+			spanGaps: true,
 			lineStyle: LineStyle.Solid,
 			lineInterpolation: LineInterpolation.Spline,
 			showPoints: VisibilityMode.Never,

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/types.ts

@@ -14,6 +14,11 @@ export interface GraphVisibilityState {
 	dataIndex: SeriesVisibilityItem[];
 }
 
+export interface SeriesVisibilityState {
+	labels: string[];
+	visibility: boolean[];
+}
+
 /**
  * Context in which a panel is rendered. Used to vary behavior (e.g. persistence,
  * interactions) per context.

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/utils/__tests__/legendVisibilityUtils.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+import { LOCALSTORAGE } from 'constants/localStorage';
+
+import type { GraphVisibilityState } from '../../types';
+import {
+	getStoredSeriesVisibility,
+	updateSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage,
+} from '../legendVisibilityUtils';
+
+describe('legendVisibilityUtils', () => {
+	const storageKey = LOCALSTORAGE.GRAPH_VISIBILITY_STATES;
+
+	beforeEach(() => {
+		localStorage.clear();
+		jest.spyOn(window.localStorage.__proto__, 'getItem');
+		jest.spyOn(window.localStorage.__proto__, 'setItem');
+	});
+
+	afterEach(() => {
+		jest.restoreAllMocks();
+	});
+
+	describe('getStoredSeriesVisibility', () => {
+		it('returns null when there is no stored visibility state', () => {
+			const result = getStoredSeriesVisibility('widget-1');
+
+			expect(result).toBeNull();
+			expect(localStorage.getItem).toHaveBeenCalledWith(storageKey);
+		});
+
+		it('returns null when widget has no stored dataIndex', () => {
+			const stored: GraphVisibilityState[] = [
+				{
+					name: 'widget-1',
+					dataIndex: [],
+				},
+			];
+
+			localStorage.setItem(storageKey, JSON.stringify(stored));
+
+			const result = getStoredSeriesVisibility('widget-1');
+
+			expect(result).toBeNull();
+		});
+
+		it('returns visibility array by index when widget state exists', () => {
+			const stored: GraphVisibilityState[] = [
+				{
+					name: 'widget-1',
+					dataIndex: [
+						{ label: 'CPU', show: true },
+						{ label: 'Memory', show: false },
+					],
+				},
+				{
+					name: 'widget-2',
+					dataIndex: [{ label: 'Errors', show: true }],
+				},
+			];
+
+			localStorage.setItem(storageKey, JSON.stringify(stored));
+
+			const result = getStoredSeriesVisibility('widget-1');
+
+			expect(result).not.toBeNull();
+			expect(result).toEqual({
+				labels: ['CPU', 'Memory'],
+				visibility: [true, false],
+			});
+		});
+
+		it('returns visibility by index including duplicate labels', () => {
+			const stored: GraphVisibilityState[] = [
+				{
+					name: 'widget-1',
+					dataIndex: [
+						{ label: 'CPU', show: true },
+						{ label: 'CPU', show: false },
+						{ label: 'Memory', show: false },
+					],
+				},
+			];
+
+			localStorage.setItem(storageKey, JSON.stringify(stored));
+
+			const result = getStoredSeriesVisibility('widget-1');
+
+			expect(result).not.toBeNull();
+			expect(result).toEqual({
+				labels: ['CPU', 'CPU', 'Memory'],
+				visibility: [true, false, false],
+			});
+		});
+
+		it('returns null on malformed JSON in localStorage', () => {
+			localStorage.setItem(storageKey, '{invalid-json');
+
+			const result = getStoredSeriesVisibility('widget-1');
+
+			expect(result).toBeNull();
+		});
+
+		it('returns null when widget id is not found', () => {
+			const stored: GraphVisibilityState[] = [
+				{
+					name: 'another-widget',
+					dataIndex: [{ label: 'CPU', show: true }],
+				},
+			];
+
+			localStorage.setItem(storageKey, JSON.stringify(stored));
+
+			const result = getStoredSeriesVisibility('widget-1');
+
+			expect(result).toBeNull();
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('updateSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage', () => {
+		it('creates new visibility state when none exists', () => {
+			const seriesVisibility = [
+				{ label: 'CPU', show: true },
+				{ label: 'Memory', show: false },
+			];
+
+			updateSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage('widget-1', seriesVisibility);
+
+			const stored = getStoredSeriesVisibility('widget-1');
+
+			expect(stored).not.toBeNull();
+			expect(stored).toEqual({
+				labels: ['CPU', 'Memory'],
+				visibility: [true, false],
+			});
+		});
+
+		it('adds a new widget entry when other widgets already exist', () => {
+			const existing: GraphVisibilityState[] = [
+				{
+					name: 'widget-existing',
+					dataIndex: [{ label: 'Errors', show: true }],
+				},
+			];
+			localStorage.setItem(storageKey, JSON.stringify(existing));
+
+			const newVisibility = [{ label: 'CPU', show: false }];
+
+			updateSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage('widget-new', newVisibility);
+
+			const stored = getStoredSeriesVisibility('widget-new');
+
+			expect(stored).not.toBeNull();
+			expect(stored).toEqual({ labels: ['CPU'], visibility: [false] });
+		});
+
+		it('updates existing widget visibility when entry already exists', () => {
+			const initialVisibility: GraphVisibilityState[] = [
+				{
+					name: 'widget-1',
+					dataIndex: [
+						{ label: 'CPU', show: true },
+						{ label: 'Memory', show: true },
+					],
+				},
+			];
+
+			localStorage.setItem(storageKey, JSON.stringify(initialVisibility));
+
+			const updatedVisibility = [
+				{ label: 'CPU', show: false },
+				{ label: 'Memory', show: true },
+			];
+
+			updateSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage('widget-1', updatedVisibility);
+
+			const stored = getStoredSeriesVisibility('widget-1');
+
+			expect(stored).not.toBeNull();
+			expect(stored).toEqual({
+				labels: ['CPU', 'Memory'],
+				visibility: [false, true],
+			});
+		});
+
+		it('silently handles malformed existing JSON without throwing', () => {
+			localStorage.setItem(storageKey, '{invalid-json');
+
+			expect(() =>
+				updateSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage('widget-1', [
+					{ label: 'CPU', show: true },
+				]),
+			).not.toThrow();
+		});
+
+		it('when existing JSON is malformed, overwrites with valid data for the widget', () => {
+			localStorage.setItem(storageKey, '{invalid-json');
+
+			updateSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage('widget-1', [
+				{ label: 'x-axis', show: true },
+				{ label: 'CPU', show: false },
+			]);
+
+			const stored = getStoredSeriesVisibility('widget-1');
+			expect(stored).not.toBeNull();
+			expect(stored).toEqual({
+				labels: ['x-axis', 'CPU'],
+				visibility: [true, false],
+			});
+			const expected = [
+				{
+					name: 'widget-1',
+					dataIndex: [
+						{ label: 'x-axis', show: true },
+						{ label: 'CPU', show: false },
+					],
+				},
+			];
+			expect(localStorage.setItem).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+				storageKey,
+				JSON.stringify(expected),
+			);
+		});
+
+		it('preserves other widgets when updating one widget', () => {
+			const existing: GraphVisibilityState[] = [
+				{ name: 'widget-a', dataIndex: [{ label: 'A', show: true }] },
+				{ name: 'widget-b', dataIndex: [{ label: 'B', show: false }] },
+			];
+			localStorage.setItem(storageKey, JSON.stringify(existing));
+
+			updateSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage('widget-b', [
+				{ label: 'B', show: true },
+			]);
+
+			expect(getStoredSeriesVisibility('widget-a')).toEqual({
+				labels: ['A'],
+				visibility: [true],
+			});
+			expect(getStoredSeriesVisibility('widget-b')).toEqual({
+				labels: ['B'],
+				visibility: [true],
+			});
+		});
+
+		it('calls setItem with storage key and stringified visibility states', () => {
+			updateSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage('widget-1', [
+				{ label: 'CPU', show: true },
+			]);
+
+			expect(localStorage.setItem).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+			expect(localStorage.setItem).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+				storageKey,
+				expect.any(String),
+			);
+			const [_, value] = (localStorage.setItem as jest.Mock).mock.calls[0];
+			expect((): void => JSON.parse(value)).not.toThrow();
+			expect(JSON.parse(value)).toEqual([
+				{ name: 'widget-1', dataIndex: [{ label: 'CPU', show: true }] },
+			]);
+		});
+
+		it('stores empty dataIndex when seriesVisibility is empty', () => {
+			updateSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage('widget-1', []);
+
+			const raw = localStorage.getItem(storageKey);
+			expect(raw).not.toBeNull();
+			const parsed = JSON.parse(raw ?? '[]');
+			expect(parsed).toEqual([{ name: 'widget-1', dataIndex: [] }]);
+			expect(getStoredSeriesVisibility('widget-1')).toBeNull();
+		});
+	});
+});

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/utils/baseConfigBuilder.ts

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ export function buildBaseConfig({
 		max: undefined,
 		softMin: widget.softMin ?? undefined,
 		softMax: widget.softMax ?? undefined,
-		// thresholds,
+		thresholds: thresholdOptions,
 		logBase: widget.isLogScale ? 10 : undefined,
 		distribution: widget.isLogScale
 			? DistributionType.Logarithmic

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/utils/legendVisibilityUtils.ts

@@ -1,15 +1,20 @@
 import { LOCALSTORAGE } from 'constants/localStorage';
 
-import { GraphVisibilityState, SeriesVisibilityItem } from '../types';
+import {
+	GraphVisibilityState,
+	SeriesVisibilityItem,
+	SeriesVisibilityState,
+} from '../types';
 
 /**
- * Retrieves the visibility map for a specific widget from localStorage
+ * Retrieves the stored series visibility for a specific widget from localStorage by index.
+ * Index 0 is the x-axis (time); indices 1, 2, ... are data series (same order as uPlot plot.series).
  * @param widgetId - The unique identifier of the widget
- * @returns A Map of series labels to their visibility state, or null if not found
+ * @returns visibility[i] = show state for series at index i, or null if not found
  */
 export function getStoredSeriesVisibility(
 	widgetId: string,
-): Map<string, boolean> | null {
+): SeriesVisibilityState | null {
 	try {
 		const storedData = localStorage.getItem(LOCALSTORAGE.GRAPH_VISIBILITY_STATES);
 
@@ -24,8 +29,15 @@ export function getStoredSeriesVisibility(
 			return null;
 		}
 
-		return new Map(widgetState.dataIndex.map((item) => [item.label, item.show]));
-	} catch {
+		return {
+			labels: widgetState.dataIndex.map((item) => item.label),
+			visibility: widgetState.dataIndex.map((item) => item.show),
+		};
+	} catch (error) {
+		if (error instanceof SyntaxError) {
+			// If the stored data is malformed, remove it
+			localStorage.removeItem(LOCALSTORAGE.GRAPH_VISIBILITY_STATES);
+		}
 		// Silently handle parsing errors - fall back to default visibility
 		return null;
 	}
@@ -35,40 +47,31 @@ export function updateSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage(
 	widgetId: string,
 	seriesVisibility: SeriesVisibilityItem[],
 ): void {
+	let visibilityStates: GraphVisibilityState[] = [];
 	try {
 		const storedData = localStorage.getItem(LOCALSTORAGE.GRAPH_VISIBILITY_STATES);
-
-		let visibilityStates: GraphVisibilityState[];
-
-		if (!storedData) {
-			visibilityStates = [
-				{
-					name: widgetId,
-					dataIndex: seriesVisibility,
-				},
-			];
-		} else {
-			visibilityStates = JSON.parse(storedData);
+		visibilityStates = JSON.parse(storedData || '[]');
+	} catch (error) {
+		if (error instanceof SyntaxError) {
+			visibilityStates = [];
 		}
-		const widgetState = visibilityStates.find((state) => state.name === widgetId);
-
-		if (!widgetState) {
-			visibilityStates = [
-				...visibilityStates,
-				{
-					name: widgetId,
-					dataIndex: seriesVisibility,
-				},
-			];
-		} else {
-			widgetState.dataIndex = seriesVisibility;
-		}
-
-		localStorage.setItem(
-			LOCALSTORAGE.GRAPH_VISIBILITY_STATES,
-			JSON.stringify(visibilityStates),
-		);
-	} catch {
-		// Silently handle parsing errors - fall back to default visibility
 	}
+	const widgetState = visibilityStates.find((state) => state.name === widgetId);
+
+	if (widgetState) {
+		widgetState.dataIndex = seriesVisibility;
+	} else {
+		visibilityStates = [
+			...visibilityStates,
+			{
+				name: widgetId,
+				dataIndex: seriesVisibility,
+			},
+		];
+	}
+
+	localStorage.setItem(
+		LOCALSTORAGE.GRAPH_VISIBILITY_STATES,
+		JSON.stringify(visibilityStates),
+	);
 }

frontend/src/container/GridCardLayout/GridCard/index.tsx

@@ -6,10 +6,12 @@ import { QueryParams } from 'constants/query';
 import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
 import { populateMultipleResults } from 'container/NewWidget/LeftContainer/WidgetGraph/util';
 import { CustomTimeType } from 'container/TopNav/DateTimeSelectionV2/types';
+import { useIsPanelWaitingOnVariable } from 'hooks/dashboard/useVariableFetchState';
 import { useGetQueryRange } from 'hooks/queryBuilder/useGetQueryRange';
 import { useIntersectionObserver } from 'hooks/useIntersectionObserver';
 import { GetQueryResultsProps } from 'lib/dashboard/getQueryResults';
 import { getDashboardVariables } from 'lib/dashboardVariables/getDashboardVariables';
+import { getVariableReferencesInQuery } from 'lib/dashboardVariables/variableReference';
 import getTimeString from 'lib/getTimeString';
 import { isEqual } from 'lodash-es';
 import isEmpty from 'lodash-es/isEmpty';
@@ -53,7 +55,6 @@ function GridCardGraph({
 	customOnRowClick,
 	customTimeRangeWindowForCoRelation,
 	enableDrillDown,
-	widgetsByDynamicVariableId,
 }: GridCardGraphProps): JSX.Element {
 	const dispatch = useDispatch();
 	const [errorMessage, setErrorMessage] = useState<string>();
@@ -64,8 +65,8 @@ function GridCardGraph({
 		toScrollWidgetId,
 		setToScrollWidgetId,
 		setDashboardQueryRangeCalled,
-		variablesToGetUpdated,
 	} = useDashboard();
+
 	const { minTime, maxTime, selectedTime: globalSelectedInterval } = useSelector<
 		AppState,
 		GlobalReducer
@@ -117,10 +118,25 @@ function GridCardGraph({
 
 	const updatedQuery = widget?.query;
 
+	const referencedVariableNames = useMemo(() => {
+		if (!variables || !updatedQuery) {
+			return [];
+		}
+		const allNames = Object.values(variables)
+			.map((v) => v.name)
+			.filter((name): name is string => !!name);
+		return getVariableReferencesInQuery(updatedQuery, allNames);
+	}, [updatedQuery, variables]);
+
 	const isEmptyWidget =
 		widget?.id === PANEL_TYPES.EMPTY_WIDGET || isEmpty(widget);
 
-	const queryEnabledCondition = isVisible && !isEmptyWidget && isQueryEnabled;
+	const isPanelWaitingOnAnyVariable = useIsPanelWaitingOnVariable(
+		referencedVariableNames,
+	);
+
+	const queryEnabledCondition =
+		isVisible && !isEmptyWidget && isQueryEnabled && !isPanelWaitingOnAnyVariable;
 
 	const [requestData, setRequestData] = useState<GetQueryResultsProps>(() => {
 		if (widget.panelTypes !== PANEL_TYPES.LIST) {
@@ -177,27 +193,6 @@ function GridCardGraph({
 		[requestData.query],
 	);
 
-	// Bring back dependency on variable chaining for panels to refetch,
-	// but only for non-dynamic variables. We derive a stable token from
-	// the head of the variablesToGetUpdated queue when it's non-dynamic.
-	const nonDynamicVariableChainToken = useMemo(() => {
-		if (!variablesToGetUpdated || variablesToGetUpdated.length === 0) {
-			return undefined;
-		}
-		if (!variables) {
-			return undefined;
-		}
-		const headName = variablesToGetUpdated[0];
-		const variableObj = Object.values(variables).find(
-			(variable) => variable?.name === headName,
-		);
-		if (variableObj && variableObj.type !== 'DYNAMIC') {
-			return headName;
-		}
-		return undefined;
-		// eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
-	}, [variablesToGetUpdated, variables]);
-
 	const queryResponse = useGetQueryRange(
 		{
 			...requestData,
@@ -224,11 +219,7 @@ function GridCardGraph({
 				requestData,
 				variables
 					? Object.entries(variables).reduce((acc, [id, variable]) => {
-							if (
-								variable.type !== 'DYNAMIC' ||
-								(widgetsByDynamicVariableId?.[variable.id] &&
-									widgetsByDynamicVariableId?.[variable.id].includes(widget.id))
-							) {
+							if (variable.name && referencedVariableNames.includes(variable.name)) {
 								return { ...acc, [id]: variable.selectedValue };
 							}
 							return acc;
@@ -237,9 +228,6 @@ function GridCardGraph({
 				...(customTimeRange && customTimeRange.startTime && customTimeRange.endTime
 					? [customTimeRange.startTime, customTimeRange.endTime]
 					: []),
-				// Include non-dynamic variable chaining token to drive refetches
-				// only when a non-dynamic variable is at the head of the queue
-				...(nonDynamicVariableChainToken ? [nonDynamicVariableChainToken] : []),
 			],
 			retry(failureCount, error): boolean {
 				if (
@@ -252,7 +240,7 @@ function GridCardGraph({
 				return failureCount < 2;
 			},
 			keepPreviousData: true,
-			enabled: queryEnabledCondition && !nonDynamicVariableChainToken,
+			enabled: queryEnabledCondition,
 			refetchOnMount: false,
 			onError: (error) => {
 				const errorMessage =
@@ -319,7 +307,7 @@ function GridCardGraph({
 					threshold={threshold}
 					headerMenuList={menuList}
 					isFetchingResponse={
-						queryResponse.isFetching || variablesToGetUpdated.length > 0
+						queryResponse.isFetching || isPanelWaitingOnAnyVariable
 					}
 					setRequestData={setRequestData}
 					onClickHandler={onClickHandler}

frontend/src/container/GridCardLayout/GridCard/types.ts

@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@ export interface GridCardGraphProps {
 	customOnRowClick?: (record: RowData) => void;
 	customTimeRangeWindowForCoRelation?: string | undefined;
 	enableDrillDown?: boolean;
-	widgetsByDynamicVariableId?: Record<string, string[]>;
 }
 
 export interface GetGraphVisibilityStateOnLegendClickProps {

frontend/src/container/GridCardLayout/GridCardLayout.tsx

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import { themeColors } from 'constants/theme';
 import { DEFAULT_ROW_NAME } from 'container/DashboardContainer/DashboardDescription/utils';
 import { useDashboardVariables } from 'hooks/dashboard/useDashboardVariables';
 import { useUpdateDashboard } from 'hooks/dashboard/useUpdateDashboard';
-import { useWidgetsByDynamicVariableId } from 'hooks/dashboard/useWidgetsByDynamicVariableId';
 import useComponentPermission from 'hooks/useComponentPermission';
 import { useIsDarkMode } from 'hooks/useDarkMode';
 import { useSafeNavigate } from 'hooks/useSafeNavigate';
@@ -102,8 +101,6 @@ function GraphLayout(props: GraphLayoutProps): JSX.Element {
 		Record<string, { widgets: Layout[]; collapsed: boolean }>
 	>({});
 
-	const widgetsByDynamicVariableId = useWidgetsByDynamicVariableId();
-
 	useEffect(() => {
 		setCurrentPanelMap(panelMap);
 	}, [panelMap]);
@@ -617,7 +614,6 @@ function GraphLayout(props: GraphLayoutProps): JSX.Element {
 									onDragSelect={onDragSelect}
 									dataAvailable={checkIfDataExists}
 									enableDrillDown={enableDrillDown}
-									widgetsByDynamicVariableId={widgetsByDynamicVariableId}
 								/>
 							</Card>
 						</CardContainer>

frontend/src/container/PanelWrapper/constants.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
 
+import TimeSeriesPanel from '../DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/TimeSeriesPanel/TimeSeriesPanel';
 import HistogramPanelWrapper from './HistogramPanelWrapper';
 import ListPanelWrapper from './ListPanelWrapper';
 import PiePanelWrapper from './PiePanelWrapper';
@@ -8,7 +9,7 @@ import UplotPanelWrapper from './UplotPanelWrapper';
 import ValuePanelWrapper from './ValuePanelWrapper';
 
 export const PanelTypeVsPanelWrapper = {
-	[PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES]: UplotPanelWrapper,
+	[PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES]: TimeSeriesPanel,
 	[PANEL_TYPES.TABLE]: TablePanelWrapper,
 	[PANEL_TYPES.LIST]: ListPanelWrapper,
 	[PANEL_TYPES.VALUE]: ValuePanelWrapper,

frontend/src/container/PanelWrapper/panelWrapper.types.ts

@@ -5,16 +5,12 @@ import { PanelMode } from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/typ
 import { WidgetGraphComponentProps } from 'container/GridCardLayout/GridCard/types';
 import { RowData } from 'lib/query/createTableColumnsFromQuery';
 import { OnClickPluginOpts } from 'lib/uPlotLib/plugins/onClickPlugin';
-import { SuccessResponse } from 'types/api';
 import { Widgets } from 'types/api/dashboard/getAll';
-import { MetricRangePayloadProps } from 'types/api/metrics/getQueryRange';
+import { MetricQueryRangeSuccessResponse } from 'types/api/metrics/getQueryRange';
 import { QueryData } from 'types/api/widgets/getQuery';
 
 export type PanelWrapperProps = {
-	queryResponse: UseQueryResult<
-		SuccessResponse<MetricRangePayloadProps, unknown>,
-		Error
-	>;
+	queryResponse: UseQueryResult<MetricQueryRangeSuccessResponse, Error>;
 	widget: Widgets;
 	setRequestData?: WidgetGraphComponentProps['setRequestData'];
 	isFullViewMode?: boolean;

frontend/src/hooks/dashboard/__test__/useIsPanelWaitingOnVariable.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+import { act, renderHook } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { dashboardVariablesStore } from 'providers/Dashboard/store/dashboardVariables/dashboardVariablesStore';
+import { IDashboardVariablesStoreState } from 'providers/Dashboard/store/dashboardVariables/dashboardVariablesStoreTypes';
+import {
+	VariableFetchState,
+	variableFetchStore,
+} from 'providers/Dashboard/store/variableFetchStore';
+import { IDashboardVariable } from 'types/api/dashboard/getAll';
+
+import { useIsPanelWaitingOnVariable } from '../useVariableFetchState';
+
+function makeVariable(
+	overrides: Partial<IDashboardVariable> & { id: string },
+): IDashboardVariable {
+	return {
+		name: overrides.id,
+		description: '',
+		type: 'QUERY',
+		sort: 'DISABLED',
+		multiSelect: false,
+		showALLOption: false,
+		...overrides,
+	};
+}
+
+function resetStores(): void {
+	variableFetchStore.set(() => ({
+		states: {},
+		lastUpdated: {},
+		cycleIds: {},
+	}));
+	dashboardVariablesStore.set(() => ({
+		dashboardId: '',
+		variables: {},
+		sortedVariablesArray: [],
+		dependencyData: null,
+		variableTypes: {},
+		dynamicVariableOrder: [],
+	}));
+}
+
+function setFetchStates(states: Record<string, VariableFetchState>): void {
+	variableFetchStore.set(() => ({
+		states,
+		lastUpdated: {},
+		cycleIds: {},
+	}));
+}
+
+function setDashboardVariables(
+	overrides: Partial<IDashboardVariablesStoreState>,
+): void {
+	dashboardVariablesStore.set(() => ({
+		dashboardId: '',
+		variables: {},
+		sortedVariablesArray: [],
+		dependencyData: null,
+		variableTypes: {},
+		dynamicVariableOrder: [],
+		...overrides,
+	}));
+}
+
+describe('useIsPanelWaitingOnVariable', () => {
+	beforeEach(() => {
+		resetStores();
+	});
+
+	it('should return false when variableNames is empty', () => {
+		const { result } = renderHook(() => useIsPanelWaitingOnVariable([]));
+		expect(result.current).toBe(false);
+	});
+
+	it('should return false when all referenced variables are idle', () => {
+		setFetchStates({ a: 'idle', b: 'idle' });
+		setDashboardVariables({
+			variables: {
+				a: makeVariable({ id: 'a', selectedValue: 'val1' }),
+				b: makeVariable({ id: 'b', selectedValue: 'val2' }),
+			},
+			variableTypes: { a: 'QUERY', b: 'QUERY' },
+		});
+
+		const { result } = renderHook(() => useIsPanelWaitingOnVariable(['a', 'b']));
+		expect(result.current).toBe(false);
+	});
+
+	it('should return true when a variable is loading with empty selectedValue', () => {
+		setFetchStates({ a: 'loading' });
+		setDashboardVariables({
+			variables: {
+				a: makeVariable({ id: 'a', selectedValue: undefined }),
+			},
+			variableTypes: { a: 'QUERY' },
+		});
+
+		const { result } = renderHook(() => useIsPanelWaitingOnVariable(['a']));
+		expect(result.current).toBe(true);
+	});
+
+	it('should return true when a variable is waiting with empty selectedValue', () => {
+		setFetchStates({ a: 'waiting' });
+		setDashboardVariables({
+			variables: {
+				a: makeVariable({ id: 'a', selectedValue: '' }),
+			},
+			variableTypes: { a: 'QUERY' },
+		});
+
+		const { result } = renderHook(() => useIsPanelWaitingOnVariable(['a']));
+		expect(result.current).toBe(true);
+	});
+
+	it('should return true when a variable is revalidating with empty selectedValue', () => {
+		setFetchStates({ a: 'revalidating' });
+		setDashboardVariables({
+			variables: {
+				a: makeVariable({ id: 'a', selectedValue: undefined }),
+			},
+			variableTypes: { a: 'QUERY' },
+		});
+
+		const { result } = renderHook(() => useIsPanelWaitingOnVariable(['a']));
+		expect(result.current).toBe(true);
+	});
+
+	it('should return false when a variable is loading but has a selectedValue', () => {
+		setFetchStates({ a: 'loading' });
+		setDashboardVariables({
+			variables: {
+				a: makeVariable({ id: 'a', selectedValue: 'some-value' }),
+			},
+			variableTypes: { a: 'QUERY' },
+		});
+
+		const { result } = renderHook(() => useIsPanelWaitingOnVariable(['a']));
+		expect(result.current).toBe(false);
+	});
+
+	it('should return true for DYNAMIC variable with allSelected=true that is loading', () => {
+		setFetchStates({ dyn: 'loading' });
+		setDashboardVariables({
+			variables: {
+				dyn: makeVariable({
+					id: 'dyn',
+					type: 'DYNAMIC',
+					selectedValue: 'some-val',
+					allSelected: true,
+				}),
+			},
+			variableTypes: { dyn: 'DYNAMIC' },
+		});
+
+		const { result } = renderHook(() => useIsPanelWaitingOnVariable(['dyn']));
+		expect(result.current).toBe(true);
+	});
+
+	it('should return true for DYNAMIC variable with allSelected=true that is waiting', () => {
+		setFetchStates({ dyn: 'waiting' });
+		setDashboardVariables({
+			variables: {
+				dyn: makeVariable({
+					id: 'dyn',
+					type: 'DYNAMIC',
+					selectedValue: 'val',
+					allSelected: true,
+				}),
+			},
+			variableTypes: { dyn: 'DYNAMIC' },
+		});
+
+		const { result } = renderHook(() => useIsPanelWaitingOnVariable(['dyn']));
+		expect(result.current).toBe(true);
+	});
+
+	it('should return false for DYNAMIC variable with allSelected=true that is idle', () => {
+		setFetchStates({ dyn: 'idle' });
+		setDashboardVariables({
+			variables: {
+				dyn: makeVariable({
+					id: 'dyn',
+					type: 'DYNAMIC',
+					selectedValue: 'val',
+					allSelected: true,
+				}),
+			},
+			variableTypes: { dyn: 'DYNAMIC' },
+		});
+
+		const { result } = renderHook(() => useIsPanelWaitingOnVariable(['dyn']));
+		expect(result.current).toBe(false);
+	});
+
+	it('should return false for non-DYNAMIC variable with allSelected=false and non-empty value that is loading', () => {
+		setFetchStates({ a: 'loading' });
+		setDashboardVariables({
+			variables: {
+				a: makeVariable({
+					id: 'a',
+					selectedValue: 'val',
+					allSelected: false,
+				}),
+			},
+			variableTypes: { a: 'QUERY' },
+		});
+
+		const { result } = renderHook(() => useIsPanelWaitingOnVariable(['a']));
+		expect(result.current).toBe(false);
+	});
+
+	it('should return true if any one of multiple variables is blocking', () => {
+		setFetchStates({ a: 'idle', b: 'loading' });
+		setDashboardVariables({
+			variables: {
+				a: makeVariable({ id: 'a', selectedValue: 'val' }),
+				b: makeVariable({ id: 'b', selectedValue: undefined }),
+			},
+			variableTypes: { a: 'QUERY', b: 'QUERY' },
+		});
+
+		const { result } = renderHook(() => useIsPanelWaitingOnVariable(['a', 'b']));
+		expect(result.current).toBe(true);
+	});
+
+	it('should return false when variable has no entry in fetch store (treated as idle)', () => {
+		setFetchStates({}); // no state entry for 'a'
+		setDashboardVariables({
+			variables: {
+				a: makeVariable({ id: 'a', selectedValue: 'val' }),
+			},
+			variableTypes: { a: 'QUERY' },
+		});
+
+		const { result } = renderHook(() => useIsPanelWaitingOnVariable(['a']));
+		expect(result.current).toBe(false);
+	});
+
+	it('should return false when variable is in error state with empty selectedValue', () => {
+		setFetchStates({ a: 'error' });
+		setDashboardVariables({
+			variables: {
+				a: makeVariable({ id: 'a', selectedValue: undefined }),
+			},
+			variableTypes: { a: 'QUERY' },
+		});
+
+		const { result } = renderHook(() => useIsPanelWaitingOnVariable(['a']));
+		expect(result.current).toBe(false);
+	});
+
+	it('should react to store updates', () => {
+		setFetchStates({ a: 'loading' });
+		setDashboardVariables({
+			variables: {
+				a: makeVariable({ id: 'a', selectedValue: undefined }),
+			},
+			variableTypes: { a: 'QUERY' },
+		});
+
+		const { result } = renderHook(() => useIsPanelWaitingOnVariable(['a']));
+		expect(result.current).toBe(true);
+
+		// Simulate variable fetch completing
+		act(() => {
+			variableFetchStore.update((d) => {
+				d.states.a = 'idle';
+			});
+		});
+
+		expect(result.current).toBe(false);
+	});
+
+	it('should handle DYNAMIC variable with allSelected=false and empty selectedValue as blocking', () => {
+		setFetchStates({ dyn: 'loading' });
+		setDashboardVariables({
+			variables: {
+				dyn: makeVariable({
+					id: 'dyn',
+					type: 'DYNAMIC',
+					selectedValue: undefined,
+					allSelected: false,
+				}),
+			},
+			variableTypes: { dyn: 'DYNAMIC' },
+		});
+
+		const { result } = renderHook(() => useIsPanelWaitingOnVariable(['dyn']));
+		expect(result.current).toBe(true);
+	});
+
+	it('should handle variable with array selectedValue as non-blocking when loading', () => {
+		setFetchStates({ a: 'loading' });
+		setDashboardVariables({
+			variables: {
+				a: makeVariable({ id: 'a', selectedValue: ['val1', 'val2'] }),
+			},
+			variableTypes: { a: 'QUERY' },
+		});
+
+		const { result } = renderHook(() => useIsPanelWaitingOnVariable(['a']));
+		expect(result.current).toBe(false);
+	});
+
+	it('should handle variable with empty array selectedValue as blocking when loading', () => {
+		setFetchStates({ a: 'loading' });
+		setDashboardVariables({
+			variables: {
+				a: makeVariable({ id: 'a', selectedValue: [] }),
+			},
+			variableTypes: { a: 'QUERY' },
+		});
+
+		const { result } = renderHook(() => useIsPanelWaitingOnVariable(['a']));
+		expect(result.current).toBe(true);
+	});
+});

frontend/src/hooks/dashboard/useVariableFetchState.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+import { useCallback, useMemo, useRef, useSyncExternalStore } from 'react';
+import isEmpty from 'lodash-es/isEmpty';
+import {
+	IVariableFetchStoreState,
+	VariableFetchState,
+	variableFetchStore,
+} from 'providers/Dashboard/store/variableFetchStore';
+
+import { useDashboardVariablesSelector } from './useDashboardVariables';
+
+/**
+ * Generic selector hook for the variable fetch store.
+ * Same pattern as useDashboardVariablesSelector.
+ */
+const useVariableFetchSelector = <T>(
+	selector: (state: IVariableFetchStoreState) => T,
+): T => {
+	const selectorRef = useRef(selector);
+	selectorRef.current = selector;
+
+	const getSnapshot = useCallback(
+		() => selectorRef.current(variableFetchStore.getSnapshot()),
+		[],
+	);
+
+	return useSyncExternalStore(variableFetchStore.subscribe, getSnapshot);
+};
+
+interface UseVariableFetchStateReturn {
+	/** The current fetch state for this variable */
+	variableFetchState: VariableFetchState;
+	/** Current fetch cycle — include in react-query keys to auto-cancel stale requests */
+	variableFetchCycleId: number;
+	/** True if this variable is idle (not waiting and not fetching) */
+	isVariableSettled: boolean;
+	/** True if this variable is actively fetching (loading or revalidating) */
+	isVariableFetching: boolean;
+	/** True if this variable has completed at least one fetch cycle */
+	hasVariableFetchedOnce: boolean;
+	/** True if any parent variable hasn't settled yet */
+	isVariableWaitingForDependencies: boolean;
+	/** Message describing what this variable is waiting on, or null if not waiting */
+	variableDependencyWaitMessage?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Per-variable hook that exposes the fetch state of a single variable.
+ * Reusable by both variable input components and panel components.
+ *
+ * Subscribes to both variableFetchStore (for states) and
+ * dashboardVariablesStore (for parent graph) to compute derived values.
+ */
+export function useVariableFetchState(
+	variableName: string,
+): UseVariableFetchStateReturn {
+	// This variable's fetch state (loading, waiting, idle, etc.)
+	const variableFetchState = useVariableFetchSelector(
+		(s) => s.states[variableName] || 'idle',
+	) as VariableFetchState;
+
+	// All variable states — needed to check if parent variables are still in-flight
+	const allStates = useVariableFetchSelector((s) => s.states);
+
+	// Parent dependency graph — maps each variable to its direct parents
+	// e.g. { "childVariable": ["parentVariable"] } means "childVariable" depends on "parentVariable"
+	const parentGraph = useDashboardVariablesSelector(
+		(s) => s.dependencyData?.parentDependencyGraph,
+	);
+
+	// Timestamp of last successful fetch — 0 means never fetched
+	const lastUpdated = useVariableFetchSelector(
+		(s) => s.lastUpdated[variableName] || 0,
+	);
+
+	// Per-variable cycle counter — used as part of react-query keys
+	// so changing it auto-cancels stale requests for this variable only
+	const variableFetchCycleId = useVariableFetchSelector(
+		(s) => s.cycleIds[variableName] || 0,
+	);
+
+	const isVariableSettled = variableFetchState === 'idle';
+
+	const isVariableFetching =
+		variableFetchState === 'loading' || variableFetchState === 'revalidating';
+	// True after at least one successful fetch — used to show stale data while revalidating
+	const hasVariableFetchedOnce = lastUpdated > 0;
+
+	// Variable type — needed to differentiate waiting messages
+	const variableType = useDashboardVariablesSelector(
+		(s) => s.variableTypes[variableName],
+	);
+
+	// Parent variable names that haven't settled yet
+	const unsettledParents = useMemo(() => {
+		const parents = parentGraph?.[variableName] || [];
+		return parents.filter((p) => (allStates[p] || 'idle') !== 'idle');
+	}, [parentGraph, variableName, allStates]);
+
+	const isVariableWaitingForDependencies = unsettledParents.length > 0;
+
+	const variableDependencyWaitMessage = useMemo(() => {
+		if (variableFetchState !== 'waiting') {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		if (variableType === 'DYNAMIC') {
+			return 'Waiting for all query variable options to load.';
+		}
+
+		if (unsettledParents.length === 0) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		const quoted = unsettledParents.map((p) => `"${p}"`);
+		const names =
+			quoted.length > 1
+				? `${quoted.slice(0, -1).join(', ')} and ${quoted[quoted.length - 1]}`
+				: quoted[0];
+		return `Waiting for options of ${names} to load.`;
+	}, [variableFetchState, variableType, unsettledParents]);
+
+	return {
+		variableFetchState,
+		isVariableSettled,
+		isVariableWaitingForDependencies,
+		variableDependencyWaitMessage,
+		isVariableFetching,
+		hasVariableFetchedOnce,
+		variableFetchCycleId,
+	};
+}
+
+export function useIsPanelWaitingOnVariable(variableNames: string[]): boolean {
+	const states = useVariableFetchSelector((s) => s.states);
+	const dashboardVariables = useDashboardVariablesSelector((s) => s.variables);
+	const variableTypesMap = useDashboardVariablesSelector((s) => s.variableTypes);
+
+	return variableNames.some((name) => {
+		const variableFetchState = states[name];
+		const { selectedValue, allSelected } = dashboardVariables?.[name] || {};
+
+		const isVariableInFetchingOrWaitingState =
+			variableFetchState === 'loading' ||
+			variableFetchState === 'revalidating' ||
+			variableFetchState === 'waiting';
+
+		if (variableTypesMap[name] === 'DYNAMIC' && allSelected) {
+			return isVariableInFetchingOrWaitingState;
+		}
+
+		return isEmpty(selectedValue) ? isVariableInFetchingOrWaitingState : false;
+	});
+}

frontend/src/hooks/dashboard/utils.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { TelemetryFieldKey } from 'api/v5/v5';
 import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
 import { convertKeysToColumnFields } from 'container/LogsExplorerList/utils';
 import { placeWidgetAtBottom } from 'container/NewWidget/utils';
+import { textContainsVariableReference } from 'lib/dashboardVariables/variableReference';
 import { isArray } from 'lodash-es';
 import {
 	Dashboard,
@@ -116,10 +117,17 @@ export const createDynamicVariableToWidgetsMap = (
 						dynamicVariables.forEach((variable) => {
 							if (
 								variable.dynamicVariablesAttribute &&
+								variable.name &&
 								filter.key?.key === variable.dynamicVariablesAttribute &&
-								((isArray(filter.value) &&
-									filter.value.includes(`$${variable.name}`)) ||
-									filter.value === `$${variable.name}`) &&
+								(isArray(filter.value)
+									? filter.value.some(
+											(v) =>
+												typeof v === 'string' &&
+												variable.name &&
+												textContainsVariableReference(v, variable.name),
+									  )
+									: typeof filter.value === 'string' &&
+									  textContainsVariableReference(filter.value, variable.name)) &&
 								!dynamicVariableToWidgetsMap[variable.id].includes(widget.id)
 							) {
 								dynamicVariableToWidgetsMap[variable.id].push(widget.id);
@@ -132,7 +140,12 @@ export const createDynamicVariableToWidgetsMap = (
 						dynamicVariables.forEach((variable) => {
 							if (
 								variable.dynamicVariablesAttribute &&
-								queryData.filter?.expression?.includes(`$${variable.name}`) &&
+								variable.name &&
+								queryData.filter?.expression &&
+								textContainsVariableReference(
+									queryData.filter.expression,
+									variable.name,
+								) &&
 								!dynamicVariableToWidgetsMap[variable.id].includes(widget.id)
 							) {
 								dynamicVariableToWidgetsMap[variable.id].push(widget.id);
@@ -149,7 +162,9 @@ export const createDynamicVariableToWidgetsMap = (
 					dynamicVariables.forEach((variable) => {
 						if (
 							variable.dynamicVariablesAttribute &&
-							promqlQuery.query?.includes(`$${variable.name}`) &&
+							variable.name &&
+							promqlQuery.query &&
+							textContainsVariableReference(promqlQuery.query, variable.name) &&
 							!dynamicVariableToWidgetsMap[variable.id].includes(widget.id)
 						) {
 							dynamicVariableToWidgetsMap[variable.id].push(widget.id);
@@ -165,7 +180,9 @@ export const createDynamicVariableToWidgetsMap = (
 					dynamicVariables.forEach((variable) => {
 						if (
 							variable.dynamicVariablesAttribute &&
-							clickhouseQuery.query?.includes(`$${variable.name}`) &&
+							variable.name &&
+							clickhouseQuery.query &&
+							textContainsVariableReference(clickhouseQuery.query, variable.name) &&
 							!dynamicVariableToWidgetsMap[variable.id].includes(widget.id)
 						) {
 							dynamicVariableToWidgetsMap[variable.id].push(widget.id);

frontend/src/hooks/queryBuilder/useGetQueryRange.ts

@@ -10,13 +10,12 @@ import {
 	GetQueryResultsProps,
 } from 'lib/dashboard/getQueryResults';
 import getStartEndRangeTime from 'lib/getStartEndRangeTime';
-import { SuccessResponse, Warning } from 'types/api';
 import APIError from 'types/api/error';
-import { MetricRangePayloadProps } from 'types/api/metrics/getQueryRange';
+import { MetricQueryRangeSuccessResponse } from 'types/api/metrics/getQueryRange';
 import { DataSource } from 'types/common/queryBuilder';
 
 type UseGetQueryRangeOptions = UseQueryOptions<
-	SuccessResponse<MetricRangePayloadProps> & { warning?: Warning },
+	MetricQueryRangeSuccessResponse,
 	APIError | Error
 >;
 
@@ -30,10 +29,7 @@ type UseGetQueryRange = (
 		widgetIndex: number;
 		publicDashboardId: string;
 	},
-) => UseQueryResult<
-	SuccessResponse<MetricRangePayloadProps> & { warning?: Warning },
-	Error
->;
+) => UseQueryResult<MetricQueryRangeSuccessResponse, Error>;
 
 export const useGetQueryRange: UseGetQueryRange = (
 	requestData,
@@ -145,10 +141,7 @@ export const useGetQueryRange: UseGetQueryRange = (
 		};
 	}, [options?.retry]);
 
-	return useQuery<
-		SuccessResponse<MetricRangePayloadProps> & { warning?: Warning },
-		APIError | Error
-	>({
+	return useQuery<MetricQueryRangeSuccessResponse, APIError | Error>({
 		queryFn: async ({ signal }) =>
 			GetMetricQueryRange(
 				modifiedRequestData,

frontend/src/hooks/useCopyToClipboard.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react';
+
+const DEFAULT_COPIED_RESET_MS = 2000;
+
+export interface UseCopyToClipboardOptions {
+	/** How long (ms) to keep "copied" state before resetting. Default 2000. */
+	copiedResetMs?: number;
+}
+
+export type ID = number | string | null;
+
+export interface UseCopyToClipboardReturn {
+	/** Copy text to clipboard. Pass an optional id to track which item was copied (e.g. seriesIndex). */
+	copyToClipboard: (text: string, id?: ID) => void;
+	/** True when something was just copied and still within the reset threshold. */
+	isCopied: boolean;
+	/** The id passed to the last successful copy, or null after reset. Use to show "copied" state for a specific item (e.g. copiedId === item.seriesIndex). */
+	id: ID;
+}
+
+export function useCopyToClipboard(
+	options: UseCopyToClipboardOptions = {},
+): UseCopyToClipboardReturn {
+	const { copiedResetMs = DEFAULT_COPIED_RESET_MS } = options;
+	const [state, setState] = useState<{ isCopied: boolean; id: ID }>({
+		isCopied: false,
+		id: null,
+	});
+	const timeoutRef = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null>(null);
+
+	useEffect(() => {
+		return (): void => {
+			if (timeoutRef.current) {
+				clearTimeout(timeoutRef.current);
+				timeoutRef.current = null;
+			}
+		};
+	}, []);
+
+	const copyToClipboard = useCallback(
+		(text: string, id?: ID): void => {
+			navigator.clipboard.writeText(text).then(() => {
+				if (timeoutRef.current) {
+					clearTimeout(timeoutRef.current);
+				}
+				setState({ isCopied: true, id: id ?? null });
+				timeoutRef.current = setTimeout(() => {
+					setState({ isCopied: false, id: null });
+					timeoutRef.current = null;
+				}, copiedResetMs);
+			});
+		},
+		[copiedResetMs],
+	);
+
+	return {
+		copyToClipboard,
+		isCopied: state.isCopied,
+		id: state.id,
+	};
+}

frontend/src/lib/dashboard/getQueryResults.ts

@@ -19,7 +19,11 @@ import { Pagination } from 'hooks/queryPagination';
 import { convertNewDataToOld } from 'lib/newQueryBuilder/convertNewDataToOld';
 import { isEmpty } from 'lodash-es';
 import { SuccessResponse, SuccessResponseV2, Warning } from 'types/api';
-import { MetricRangePayloadProps } from 'types/api/metrics/getQueryRange';
+import {
+	MetricQueryRangeSuccessResponse,
+	MetricRangePayloadProps,
+} from 'types/api/metrics/getQueryRange';
+import { ExecStats, MetricRangePayloadV5 } from 'types/api/v5/queryRange';
 import { IBuilderQuery, Query } from 'types/api/queryBuilder/queryBuilderData';
 import { DataSource } from 'types/common/queryBuilder';
 
@@ -205,13 +209,13 @@ export async function GetMetricQueryRange(
 		widgetIndex: number;
 		publicDashboardId: string;
 	},
-): Promise<SuccessResponse<MetricRangePayloadProps> & { warning?: Warning }> {
+): Promise<MetricQueryRangeSuccessResponse> {
 	let legendMap: Record<string, string>;
 	let response:
-		| SuccessResponse<MetricRangePayloadProps>
-		| SuccessResponseV2<MetricRangePayloadV5>
-		| (SuccessResponse<MetricRangePayloadProps> & { warning?: Warning });
+		| MetricQueryRangeSuccessResponse
+		| SuccessResponseV2<MetricRangePayloadV5>;
 	let warning: Warning | undefined;
+	let meta: ExecStats | undefined;
 
 	const panelType = props.originalGraphType || props.graphType;
 
@@ -299,6 +303,7 @@ export async function GetMetricQueryRange(
 			);
 
 			warning = response.payload.warning || undefined;
+			meta = response.payload.meta || undefined;
 		} else {
 			const v5Response = await getQueryRangeV5(
 				v5Result.queryPayload,
@@ -318,6 +323,7 @@ export async function GetMetricQueryRange(
 			);
 
 			warning = response.payload.warning || undefined;
+			meta = response.payload.meta || undefined;
 		}
 	} else {
 		const legacyResult = prepareQueryRangePayload(props);
@@ -384,6 +390,7 @@ export async function GetMetricQueryRange(
 	return {
 		...response,
 		warning,
+		meta,
 	};
 }
 

frontend/src/lib/dashboardVariables/variableReference.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,445 @@
+import { IBuilderQuery, Query } from 'types/api/queryBuilder/queryBuilderData';
+import { EQueryType } from 'types/common/dashboard';
+
+import {
+	buildVariableReferencePattern,
+	extractQueryTextStrings,
+	getVariableReferencesInQuery,
+	textContainsVariableReference,
+} from './variableReference';
+
+describe('buildVariableReferencePattern', () => {
+	const varName = 'deployment_environment';
+
+	it.each([
+		['{{.deployment_environment}}', '{{.var}} syntax'],
+		['{{ .deployment_environment }}', '{{.var}} with spaces'],
+		['{{deployment_environment}}', '{{var}} syntax'],
+		['{{ deployment_environment }}', '{{var}} with spaces'],
+		['$deployment_environment', '$var syntax'],
+		['[[deployment_environment]]', '[[var]] syntax'],
+		['[[ deployment_environment ]]', '[[var]] with spaces'],
+	])('matches %s (%s)', (text) => {
+		expect(buildVariableReferencePattern(varName).test(text)).toBe(true);
+	});
+
+	it('does not match partial variable names', () => {
+		const pattern = buildVariableReferencePattern('env');
+		// $env should match at word boundary, but $environment should not match $env
+		expect(pattern.test('$environment')).toBe(false);
+	});
+
+	it('matches $var at word boundary within larger text', () => {
+		const pattern = buildVariableReferencePattern('env');
+		expect(pattern.test('SELECT * WHERE x = $env')).toBe(true);
+		expect(pattern.test('$env AND y = 1')).toBe(true);
+	});
+});
+
+describe('textContainsVariableReference', () => {
+	describe('guard clauses', () => {
+		it('returns false for empty text', () => {
+			expect(textContainsVariableReference('', 'var')).toBe(false);
+		});
+
+		it('returns false for empty variable name', () => {
+			expect(textContainsVariableReference('some text', '')).toBe(false);
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('all syntax formats', () => {
+		const varName = 'service_name';
+
+		it('detects {{.var}} format', () => {
+			const query = "SELECT * FROM table WHERE service = '{{.service_name}}'";
+			expect(textContainsVariableReference(query, varName)).toBe(true);
+		});
+
+		it('detects {{var}} format', () => {
+			const query = "SELECT * FROM table WHERE service = '{{service_name}}'";
+			expect(textContainsVariableReference(query, varName)).toBe(true);
+		});
+
+		it('detects $var format', () => {
+			const query = "SELECT * FROM table WHERE service = '$service_name'";
+			expect(textContainsVariableReference(query, varName)).toBe(true);
+		});
+
+		it('detects [[var]] format', () => {
+			const query = "SELECT * FROM table WHERE service = '[[service_name]]'";
+			expect(textContainsVariableReference(query, varName)).toBe(true);
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('embedded in larger text', () => {
+		it('finds variable in a multi-line query', () => {
+			const query = `SELECT JSONExtractString(labels, 'k8s_node_name') AS k8s_node_name
+FROM signoz_metrics.distributed_time_series_v4_1day
+WHERE metric_name = 'k8s_node_cpu_time' AND JSONExtractString(labels, 'k8s_cluster_name') = {{.k8s_cluster_name}}
+GROUP BY k8s_node_name`;
+			expect(textContainsVariableReference(query, 'k8s_cluster_name')).toBe(true);
+			expect(textContainsVariableReference(query, 'k8s_node_name')).toBe(false); // plain text, not a variable reference
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('no false positives', () => {
+		it('does not match substring of a longer variable name', () => {
+			expect(
+				textContainsVariableReference('$service_name_v2', 'service_name'),
+			).toBe(false);
+		});
+
+		it('does not match plain text that happens to contain the name', () => {
+			expect(
+				textContainsVariableReference(
+					'the service_name column is important',
+					'service_name',
+				),
+			).toBe(false);
+		});
+	});
+});
+
+// ---- Query text extraction & variable reference detection ----
+
+const baseQuery: Query = {
+	id: 'test-query',
+	queryType: EQueryType.QUERY_BUILDER,
+	promql: [],
+	builder: { queryData: [], queryFormulas: [], queryTraceOperator: [] },
+	clickhouse_sql: [],
+};
+
+describe('extractQueryTextStrings', () => {
+	it('returns empty array for query builder with no data', () => {
+		expect(extractQueryTextStrings(baseQuery)).toEqual([]);
+	});
+
+	it('extracts string values from query builder filter items', () => {
+		const query: Query = {
+			...baseQuery,
+			queryType: EQueryType.QUERY_BUILDER,
+			builder: {
+				queryData: [
+					({
+						filters: {
+							items: [
+								{ id: '1', op: '=', value: ['$service_name', 'hardcoded'] },
+								{ id: '2', op: '=', value: '$env' },
+							],
+							op: 'AND',
+						},
+					} as unknown) as IBuilderQuery,
+				],
+				queryFormulas: [],
+				queryTraceOperator: [],
+			},
+		};
+
+		const texts = extractQueryTextStrings(query);
+		expect(texts).toEqual(['$service_name', 'hardcoded', '$env']);
+	});
+
+	it('extracts filter expression from query builder', () => {
+		const query: Query = {
+			...baseQuery,
+			queryType: EQueryType.QUERY_BUILDER,
+			builder: {
+				queryData: [
+					({
+						filters: { items: [], op: 'AND' },
+						filter: { expression: 'env = $deployment_environment' },
+					} as unknown) as IBuilderQuery,
+				],
+				queryFormulas: [],
+				queryTraceOperator: [],
+			},
+		};
+
+		const texts = extractQueryTextStrings(query);
+		expect(texts).toEqual(['env = $deployment_environment']);
+	});
+
+	it('skips non-string filter values', () => {
+		const query: Query = {
+			...baseQuery,
+			queryType: EQueryType.QUERY_BUILDER,
+			builder: {
+				queryData: [
+					({
+						filters: {
+							items: [{ id: '1', op: '=', value: [42, true] }],
+							op: 'AND',
+						},
+					} as unknown) as IBuilderQuery,
+				],
+				queryFormulas: [],
+				queryTraceOperator: [],
+			},
+		};
+
+		expect(extractQueryTextStrings(query)).toEqual([]);
+	});
+
+	it('extracts promql query strings', () => {
+		const query: Query = {
+			...baseQuery,
+			queryType: EQueryType.PROM,
+			promql: [
+				{ name: 'A', query: 'up{env="$env"}', legend: '', disabled: false },
+				{ name: 'B', query: 'cpu{ns="$namespace"}', legend: '', disabled: false },
+			],
+		};
+
+		expect(extractQueryTextStrings(query)).toEqual([
+			'up{env="$env"}',
+			'cpu{ns="$namespace"}',
+		]);
+	});
+
+	it('extracts clickhouse sql query strings', () => {
+		const query: Query = {
+			...baseQuery,
+			queryType: EQueryType.CLICKHOUSE,
+			clickhouse_sql: [
+				{
+					name: 'A',
+					query: 'SELECT * WHERE env = {{.env}}',
+					legend: '',
+					disabled: false,
+				},
+			],
+		};
+
+		expect(extractQueryTextStrings(query)).toEqual([
+			'SELECT * WHERE env = {{.env}}',
+		]);
+	});
+
+	it('accumulates texts across multiple queryData entries', () => {
+		const query: Query = {
+			...baseQuery,
+			queryType: EQueryType.QUERY_BUILDER,
+			builder: {
+				queryData: [
+					({
+						filters: {
+							items: [{ id: '1', op: '=', value: '$env' }],
+							op: 'AND',
+						},
+					} as unknown) as IBuilderQuery,
+					({
+						filters: {
+							items: [{ id: '2', op: '=', value: ['$service_name'] }],
+							op: 'AND',
+						},
+					} as unknown) as IBuilderQuery,
+				],
+				queryFormulas: [],
+				queryTraceOperator: [],
+			},
+		};
+
+		expect(extractQueryTextStrings(query)).toEqual(['$env', '$service_name']);
+	});
+
+	it('collects both filter items and filter expression from the same queryData', () => {
+		const query: Query = {
+			...baseQuery,
+			queryType: EQueryType.QUERY_BUILDER,
+			builder: {
+				queryData: [
+					({
+						filters: {
+							items: [{ id: '1', op: '=', value: '$service_name' }],
+							op: 'AND',
+						},
+						filter: { expression: 'env = $deployment_environment' },
+					} as unknown) as IBuilderQuery,
+				],
+				queryFormulas: [],
+				queryTraceOperator: [],
+			},
+		};
+
+		expect(extractQueryTextStrings(query)).toEqual([
+			'$service_name',
+			'env = $deployment_environment',
+		]);
+	});
+
+	it('skips promql entries with empty query strings', () => {
+		const query: Query = {
+			...baseQuery,
+			queryType: EQueryType.PROM,
+			promql: [
+				{ name: 'A', query: '', legend: '', disabled: false },
+				{ name: 'B', query: 'up{env="$env"}', legend: '', disabled: false },
+			],
+		};
+
+		expect(extractQueryTextStrings(query)).toEqual(['up{env="$env"}']);
+	});
+
+	it('skips clickhouse entries with empty query strings', () => {
+		const query: Query = {
+			...baseQuery,
+			queryType: EQueryType.CLICKHOUSE,
+			clickhouse_sql: [
+				{ name: 'A', query: '', legend: '', disabled: false },
+				{
+					name: 'B',
+					query: 'SELECT * WHERE x = {{.env}}',
+					legend: '',
+					disabled: false,
+				},
+			],
+		};
+
+		expect(extractQueryTextStrings(query)).toEqual([
+			'SELECT * WHERE x = {{.env}}',
+		]);
+	});
+
+	it('returns empty array for unknown query type', () => {
+		const query = {
+			...baseQuery,
+			queryType: ('unknown' as unknown) as EQueryType,
+		};
+		expect(extractQueryTextStrings(query)).toEqual([]);
+	});
+});
+
+describe('getVariableReferencesInQuery', () => {
+	const variableNames = [
+		'deployment_environment',
+		'service_name',
+		'endpoint',
+		'unused_var',
+	];
+
+	it('returns empty array when query has no text', () => {
+		expect(getVariableReferencesInQuery(baseQuery, variableNames)).toEqual([]);
+	});
+
+	it('detects variables referenced in query builder filters', () => {
+		const query: Query = {
+			...baseQuery,
+			queryType: EQueryType.QUERY_BUILDER,
+			builder: {
+				queryData: [
+					({
+						filters: {
+							items: [
+								{ id: '1', op: '=', value: '$service_name' },
+								{ id: '2', op: 'IN', value: ['$deployment_environment'] },
+							],
+							op: 'AND',
+						},
+					} as unknown) as IBuilderQuery,
+				],
+				queryFormulas: [],
+				queryTraceOperator: [],
+			},
+		};
+
+		const result = getVariableReferencesInQuery(query, variableNames);
+		expect(result).toEqual(['deployment_environment', 'service_name']);
+	});
+
+	it('detects variables in promql queries', () => {
+		const query: Query = {
+			...baseQuery,
+			queryType: EQueryType.PROM,
+			promql: [
+				{
+					name: 'A',
+					query:
+						'http_requests{env="{{.deployment_environment}}", endpoint="$endpoint"}',
+					legend: '',
+					disabled: false,
+				},
+			],
+		};
+
+		const result = getVariableReferencesInQuery(query, variableNames);
+		expect(result).toEqual(['deployment_environment', 'endpoint']);
+	});
+
+	it('detects variables in clickhouse sql queries', () => {
+		const query: Query = {
+			...baseQuery,
+			queryType: EQueryType.CLICKHOUSE,
+			clickhouse_sql: [
+				{
+					name: 'A',
+					query: 'SELECT * FROM table WHERE service = [[service_name]]',
+					legend: '',
+					disabled: false,
+				},
+			],
+		};
+
+		const result = getVariableReferencesInQuery(query, variableNames);
+		expect(result).toEqual(['service_name']);
+	});
+
+	it('detects variables spread across multiple queryData entries', () => {
+		const query: Query = {
+			...baseQuery,
+			queryType: EQueryType.QUERY_BUILDER,
+			builder: {
+				queryData: [
+					({
+						filters: {
+							items: [{ id: '1', op: '=', value: '$service_name' }],
+							op: 'AND',
+						},
+					} as unknown) as IBuilderQuery,
+					({
+						filter: { expression: 'env = $deployment_environment' },
+					} as unknown) as IBuilderQuery,
+				],
+				queryFormulas: [],
+				queryTraceOperator: [],
+			},
+		};
+
+		const result = getVariableReferencesInQuery(query, variableNames);
+		expect(result).toEqual(['deployment_environment', 'service_name']);
+	});
+
+	it('returns empty array when no variables are referenced', () => {
+		const query: Query = {
+			...baseQuery,
+			queryType: EQueryType.PROM,
+			promql: [
+				{
+					name: 'A',
+					query: 'up{job="api"}',
+					legend: '',
+					disabled: false,
+				},
+			],
+		};
+
+		expect(getVariableReferencesInQuery(query, variableNames)).toEqual([]);
+	});
+
+	it('returns empty array when variableNames list is empty', () => {
+		const query: Query = {
+			...baseQuery,
+			queryType: EQueryType.PROM,
+			promql: [
+				{
+					name: 'A',
+					query: 'up{env="$deployment_environment"}',
+					legend: '',
+					disabled: false,
+				},
+			],
+		};
+
+		expect(getVariableReferencesInQuery(query, [])).toEqual([]);
+	});
+});

frontend/src/lib/dashboardVariables/variableReference.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+import { isArray } from 'lodash-es';
+import { Query, TagFilterItem } from 'types/api/queryBuilder/queryBuilderData';
+import { EQueryType } from 'types/common/dashboard';
+
+/**
+ * Builds a RegExp that matches any recognized variable reference syntax:
+ *   {{.variableName}}  — dot prefix, optional whitespace
+ *   {{variableName}}   — no dot, optional whitespace
+ *   $variableName      — dollar prefix, word-boundary terminated
+ *   [[variableName]]   — square brackets, optional whitespace
+ */
+export function buildVariableReferencePattern(variableName: string): RegExp {
+	const patterns = [
+		`\\{\\{\\s*?\\.${variableName}\\s*?\\}\\}`,
+		`\\{\\{\\s*${variableName}\\s*\\}\\}`,
+		`\\$${variableName}\\b`,
+		`\\[\\[\\s*${variableName}\\s*\\]\\]`,
+	];
+	return new RegExp(patterns.join('|'));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns true if `text` contains a reference to `variableName` in any of the
+ * recognized variable syntaxes.
+ */
+export function textContainsVariableReference(
+	text: string,
+	variableName: string,
+): boolean {
+	if (!text || !variableName) {
+		return false;
+	}
+	return buildVariableReferencePattern(variableName).test(text);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Extracts all text strings from a widget Query that could contain variable
+ * references. Covers:
+ * - QUERY_BUILDER: filter items' string values + filter.expression
+ * - PROM: each promql[].query
+ * - CLICKHOUSE: each clickhouse_sql[].query
+ */
+function extractQueryBuilderTexts(query: Query): string[] {
+	const texts: string[] = [];
+	const queryDataList = query.builder?.queryData;
+	if (isArray(queryDataList)) {
+		queryDataList.forEach((queryData) => {
+			// Collect string values from filter items
+			queryData.filters?.items?.forEach((filter: TagFilterItem) => {
+				if (isArray(filter.value)) {
+					filter.value.forEach((v) => {
+						if (typeof v === 'string') {
+							texts.push(v);
+						}
+					});
+				} else if (typeof filter.value === 'string') {
+					texts.push(filter.value);
+				}
+			});
+
+			// Collect filter expression
+			if (queryData.filter?.expression) {
+				texts.push(queryData.filter.expression);
+			}
+		});
+	}
+	return texts;
+}
+
+function extractPromQLTexts(query: Query): string[] {
+	const texts: string[] = [];
+	if (isArray(query.promql)) {
+		query.promql.forEach((promqlQuery) => {
+			if (promqlQuery.query) {
+				texts.push(promqlQuery.query);
+			}
+		});
+	}
+	return texts;
+}
+
+function extractClickhouseSQLTexts(query: Query): string[] {
+	const texts: string[] = [];
+	if (isArray(query.clickhouse_sql)) {
+		query.clickhouse_sql.forEach((clickhouseQuery) => {
+			if (clickhouseQuery.query) {
+				texts.push(clickhouseQuery.query);
+			}
+		});
+	}
+	return texts;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Extracts all text strings from a widget Query that could contain variable
+ * references. Covers:
+ * - QUERY_BUILDER: filter items' string values + filter.expression
+ * - PROM: each promql[].query
+ * - CLICKHOUSE: each clickhouse_sql[].query
+ */
+export function extractQueryTextStrings(query: Query): string[] {
+	if (query.queryType === EQueryType.QUERY_BUILDER) {
+		return extractQueryBuilderTexts(query);
+	}
+
+	if (query.queryType === EQueryType.PROM) {
+		return extractPromQLTexts(query);
+	}
+
+	if (query.queryType === EQueryType.CLICKHOUSE) {
+		return extractClickhouseSQLTexts(query);
+	}
+
+	return [];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Given a widget Query and an array of variable names, returns the subset of
+ * variable names that are referenced in the query text.
+ *
+ * This performs text-based detection only. Structural checks (like
+ * filter.key.key matching a variable attribute) are NOT included.
+ */
+export function getVariableReferencesInQuery(
+	query: Query,
+	variableNames: string[],
+): string[] {
+	const texts = extractQueryTextStrings(query);
+	if (texts.length === 0) {
+		return [];
+	}
+
+	return variableNames.filter((name) =>
+		texts.some((text) => textContainsVariableReference(text, name)),
+	);
+}

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/components/Legend/Legend.styles.scss

@@ -128,6 +128,15 @@
 		opacity: 1;
 	}
 
+	.legend-item-label-trigger {
+		display: flex;
+		align-items: center;
+		gap: 6px;
+		flex: 1;
+		min-width: 0;
+		cursor: pointer;
+	}
+
 	.legend-marker {
 		border-width: 2px;
 		border-radius: 50%;
@@ -157,10 +166,34 @@
 		text-overflow: ellipsis;
 		white-space: nowrap;
 		min-width: 0;
+		user-select: none;
+	}
+
+	.legend-copy-button {
+		display: none;
+		align-items: center;
+		justify-content: center;
+		flex-shrink: 0;
+		padding: 2px;
+		margin: 0;
+		border: none;
+		color: var(--bg-vanilla-400);
+		cursor: pointer;
+		border-radius: 4px;
+		opacity: 1;
+		transition: opacity 0.15s ease, color 0.15s ease;
+
+		&:hover {
+			color: var(--bg-vanilla-100);
+		}
 	}
 
 	&:hover {
 		background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);
+		.legend-copy-button {
+			display: flex;
+			opacity: 1;
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -172,4 +205,17 @@
 			}
 		}
 	}
+
+	.legend-item {
+		&:hover {
+			background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
+		}
+		.legend-copy-button {
+			color: var(--bg-ink-400);
+
+			&:hover {
+				color: var(--bg-ink-500);
+			}
+		}
+	}
 }

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/components/Legend/Legend.tsx

@@ -2,11 +2,13 @@ import { useCallback, useMemo, useRef, useState } from 'react';
 import { VirtuosoGrid } from 'react-virtuoso';
 import { Input, Tooltip as AntdTooltip } from 'antd';
 import cx from 'classnames';
+import { useCopyToClipboard } from 'hooks/useCopyToClipboard';
 import { LegendItem } from 'lib/uPlotV2/config/types';
 import useLegendsSync from 'lib/uPlotV2/hooks/useLegendsSync';
+import { Check, Copy } from 'lucide-react';
 
+import { useLegendActions } from '../../hooks/useLegendActions';
 import { LegendPosition, LegendProps } from '../types';
-import { useLegendActions } from './useLegendActions';
 
 import './Legend.styles.scss';
 
@@ -32,6 +34,7 @@ export default function Legend({
 	});
 	const legendContainerRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement | null>(null);
 	const [legendSearchQuery, setLegendSearchQuery] = useState('');
+	const { copyToClipboard, id: copiedId } = useCopyToClipboard();
 
 	const legendItems = useMemo(() => Object.values(legendItemsMap), [
 		legendItemsMap,
@@ -59,26 +62,53 @@ export default function Legend({
 		);
 	}, [position, legendSearchQuery, legendItems]);
 
+	const handleCopyLegendItem = useCallback(
+		(e: React.MouseEvent, seriesIndex: number, label: string): void => {
+			e.stopPropagation();
+			copyToClipboard(label, seriesIndex);
+		},
+		[copyToClipboard],
+	);
+
 	const renderLegendItem = useCallback(
-		(item: LegendItem): JSX.Element => (
-			<AntdTooltip key={item.seriesIndex} title={item.label}>
+		(item: LegendItem): JSX.Element => {
+			const isCopied = copiedId === item.seriesIndex;
+			return (
 				<div
+					key={item.seriesIndex}
 					data-legend-item-id={item.seriesIndex}
 					className={cx('legend-item', `legend-item-${position.toLowerCase()}`, {
 						'legend-item-off': !item.show,
 						'legend-item-focused': focusedSeriesIndex === item.seriesIndex,
 					})}
 				>
-					<div
-						className="legend-marker"
-						style={{ borderColor: String(item.color) }}
-						data-is-legend-marker={true}
-					/>
-					<span className="legend-label">{item.label}</span>
+					<AntdTooltip title={item.label}>
+						<div className="legend-item-label-trigger">
+							<div
+								className="legend-marker"
+								style={{ borderColor: String(item.color) }}
+								data-is-legend-marker={true}
+							/>
+							<span className="legend-label">{item.label}</span>
+						</div>
+					</AntdTooltip>
+					<AntdTooltip title={isCopied ? 'Copied' : 'Copy'}>
+						<button
+							type="button"
+							className="legend-copy-button"
+							onClick={(e): void =>
+								handleCopyLegendItem(e, item.seriesIndex, item.label ?? '')
+							}
+							aria-label={`Copy ${item.label}`}
+							data-testid="legend-copy"
+						>
+							{isCopied ? <Check size={12} /> : <Copy size={12} />}
+						</button>
+					</AntdTooltip>
 				</div>
-			</AntdTooltip>
-		),
-		[focusedSeriesIndex, position],
+			);
+		},
+		[copiedId, focusedSeriesIndex, handleCopyLegendItem, position],
 	);
 
 	const isEmptyState = useMemo(() => {
@@ -106,6 +136,7 @@ export default function Legend({
 						placeholder="Search..."
 						value={legendSearchQuery}
 						onChange={(e): void => setLegendSearchQuery(e.target.value)}
+						data-testid="legend-search-input"
 						className="legend-search-input"
 					/>
 				</div>

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/components/Tooltip/BarChartTooltip.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import { useMemo } from 'react';
+
+import { BarTooltipProps, TooltipContentItem } from '../types';
+import Tooltip from './Tooltip';
+import { buildTooltipContent } from './utils';
+
+export default function BarChartTooltip(props: BarTooltipProps): JSX.Element {
+	const content = useMemo(
+		(): TooltipContentItem[] =>
+			buildTooltipContent({
+				data: props.uPlotInstance.data,
+				series: props.uPlotInstance.series,
+				dataIndexes: props.dataIndexes,
+				activeSeriesIndex: props.seriesIndex,
+				uPlotInstance: props.uPlotInstance,
+				yAxisUnit: props.yAxisUnit ?? '',
+				decimalPrecision: props.decimalPrecision,
+				isStackedBarChart: props.isStackedBarChart,
+			}),
+		[
+			props.uPlotInstance,
+			props.seriesIndex,
+			props.dataIndexes,
+			props.yAxisUnit,
+			props.decimalPrecision,
+			props.isStackedBarChart,
+		],
+	);
+
+	return <Tooltip {...props} content={content} />;
+}

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/components/Tooltip/utils.ts

@@ -25,16 +25,28 @@ export function getTooltipBaseValue({
 	index,
 	dataIndex,
 	isStackedBarChart,
+	series,
 }: {
 	data: AlignedData;
 	index: number;
 	dataIndex: number;
 	isStackedBarChart?: boolean;
+	series?: Series[];
 }): number | null {
 	let baseValue = data[index][dataIndex] ?? null;
-	if (isStackedBarChart && index + 1 < data.length && baseValue !== null) {
-		const nextValue = data[index + 1][dataIndex] ?? null;
-		if (nextValue !== null) {
+	// Top-down stacking (first series at top): raw = stacked[i] - stacked[nextVisible].
+	// When series are hidden, we must use the next *visible* series, not index+1,
+	// since hidden series keep raw values and would produce negative/wrong results.
+	if (isStackedBarChart && baseValue !== null && series) {
+		let nextVisibleIdx = -1;
+		for (let j = index + 1; j < series.length; j++) {
+			if (series[j]?.show) {
+				nextVisibleIdx = j;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (nextVisibleIdx >= 1) {
+			const nextValue = data[nextVisibleIdx][dataIndex] ?? 0;
 			baseValue = baseValue - nextValue;
 		}
 	}
@@ -80,6 +92,7 @@ export function buildTooltipContent({
 			index,
 			dataIndex,
 			isStackedBarChart,
+			series,
 		});
 
 		const isActive = index === activeSeriesIndex;

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/components/__tests__/Legend.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+import React from 'react';
+import {
+	fireEvent,
+	render,
+	RenderResult,
+	screen,
+	within,
+} from '@testing-library/react';
+import userEvent from '@testing-library/user-event';
+import { LegendItem } from 'lib/uPlotV2/config/types';
+import useLegendsSync from 'lib/uPlotV2/hooks/useLegendsSync';
+
+import { useLegendActions } from '../../hooks/useLegendActions';
+import Legend from '../Legend/Legend';
+import { LegendPosition } from '../types';
+
+const mockWriteText = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+let clipboardSpy: jest.SpyInstance | undefined;
+
+jest.mock('react-virtuoso', () => ({
+	VirtuosoGrid: ({
+		data,
+		itemContent,
+		className,
+	}: {
+		data: LegendItem[];
+		itemContent: (index: number, item: LegendItem) => React.ReactNode;
+		className?: string;
+	}): JSX.Element => (
+		<div data-testid="virtuoso-grid" className={className}>
+			{data.map((item, index) => (
+				<div key={item.seriesIndex ?? index} data-testid="legend-item-wrapper">
+					{itemContent(index, item)}
+				</div>
+			))}
+		</div>
+	),
+}));
+
+jest.mock('lib/uPlotV2/hooks/useLegendsSync');
+jest.mock('lib/uPlotV2/hooks/useLegendActions');
+
+const mockUseLegendsSync = useLegendsSync as jest.MockedFunction<
+	typeof useLegendsSync
+>;
+const mockUseLegendActions = useLegendActions as jest.MockedFunction<
+	typeof useLegendActions
+>;
+
+describe('Legend', () => {
+	beforeAll(() => {
+		// JSDOM does not define navigator.clipboard; add it so we can spy on writeText
+		Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'clipboard', {
+			value: { writeText: () => Promise.resolve() },
+			writable: true,
+			configurable: true,
+		});
+	});
+
+	const baseLegendItemsMap = {
+		0: {
+			seriesIndex: 0,
+			label: 'A',
+			show: true,
+			color: '#ff0000',
+		},
+		1: {
+			seriesIndex: 1,
+			label: 'B',
+			show: false,
+			color: '#00ff00',
+		},
+		2: {
+			seriesIndex: 2,
+			label: 'C',
+			show: true,
+			color: '#0000ff',
+		},
+	};
+
+	let onLegendClick: jest.Mock;
+	let onLegendMouseMove: jest.Mock;
+	let onLegendMouseLeave: jest.Mock;
+	let onFocusSeries: jest.Mock;
+
+	beforeEach(() => {
+		onLegendClick = jest.fn();
+		onLegendMouseMove = jest.fn();
+		onLegendMouseLeave = jest.fn();
+		onFocusSeries = jest.fn();
+		mockWriteText.mockClear();
+
+		clipboardSpy = jest
+			.spyOn(navigator.clipboard, 'writeText')
+			.mockImplementation(mockWriteText);
+
+		mockUseLegendsSync.mockReturnValue({
+			legendItemsMap: baseLegendItemsMap,
+			focusedSeriesIndex: 1,
+			setFocusedSeriesIndex: jest.fn(),
+		});
+
+		mockUseLegendActions.mockReturnValue({
+			onLegendClick,
+			onLegendMouseMove,
+			onLegendMouseLeave,
+			onFocusSeries,
+		});
+	});
+
+	afterEach(() => {
+		clipboardSpy?.mockRestore();
+		jest.clearAllMocks();
+	});
+
+	const renderLegend = (position?: LegendPosition): RenderResult =>
+		render(
+			<Legend
+				position={position}
+				// config is not used directly in the component, it's consumed by the mocked hook
+				config={{} as any}
+			/>,
+		);
+
+	describe('layout and position', () => {
+		it('renders search input when legend position is RIGHT', () => {
+			renderLegend(LegendPosition.RIGHT);
+
+			expect(screen.getByTestId('legend-search-input')).toBeInTheDocument();
+		});
+
+		it('does not render search input when legend position is BOTTOM (default)', () => {
+			renderLegend();
+
+			expect(screen.queryByTestId('legend-search-input')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+		});
+
+		it('renders the marker with the correct border color', () => {
+			renderLegend(LegendPosition.RIGHT);
+
+			const legendMarker = document.querySelector(
+				'[data-legend-item-id="0"] [data-is-legend-marker="true"]',
+			) as HTMLElement;
+
+			expect(legendMarker).toHaveStyle({
+				'border-color': '#ff0000',
+			});
+		});
+
+		it('renders all legend items in the grid by default', () => {
+			renderLegend(LegendPosition.RIGHT);
+
+			expect(screen.getByTestId('virtuoso-grid')).toBeInTheDocument();
+			expect(screen.getByText('A')).toBeInTheDocument();
+			expect(screen.getByText('B')).toBeInTheDocument();
+			expect(screen.getByText('C')).toBeInTheDocument();
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('search behavior (RIGHT position)', () => {
+		it('filters legend items based on search query (case-insensitive)', async () => {
+			const user = userEvent.setup();
+			renderLegend(LegendPosition.RIGHT);
+
+			const searchInput = screen.getByTestId('legend-search-input');
+			await user.type(searchInput, 'A');
+
+			expect(screen.getByText('A')).toBeInTheDocument();
+			expect(screen.queryByText('B')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+			expect(screen.queryByText('C')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+		});
+
+		it('shows empty state when no legend items match the search query', async () => {
+			const user = userEvent.setup();
+			renderLegend(LegendPosition.RIGHT);
+
+			const searchInput = screen.getByTestId('legend-search-input');
+			await user.type(searchInput, 'network');
+
+			expect(
+				screen.getByText(/No series found matching "network"/i),
+			).toBeInTheDocument();
+			expect(screen.queryByTestId('virtuoso-grid')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+		});
+
+		it('does not filter or show empty state when search query is empty or only whitespace', async () => {
+			const user = userEvent.setup();
+			renderLegend(LegendPosition.RIGHT);
+
+			const searchInput = screen.getByTestId('legend-search-input');
+			await user.type(searchInput, '   ');
+
+			expect(
+				screen.queryByText(/No series found matching/i),
+			).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+			expect(screen.getByText('A')).toBeInTheDocument();
+			expect(screen.getByText('B')).toBeInTheDocument();
+			expect(screen.getByText('C')).toBeInTheDocument();
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('legend actions', () => {
+		it('calls onLegendClick when a legend item is clicked', async () => {
+			const user = userEvent.setup();
+			renderLegend(LegendPosition.RIGHT);
+
+			await user.click(screen.getByText('A'));
+
+			expect(onLegendClick).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+		});
+
+		it('calls mouseMove when the mouse moves over a legend item', async () => {
+			const user = userEvent.setup();
+			renderLegend(LegendPosition.RIGHT);
+
+			const legendItem = document.querySelector(
+				'[data-legend-item-id="0"]',
+			) as HTMLElement;
+
+			await user.hover(legendItem);
+
+			expect(onLegendMouseMove).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+		});
+
+		it('calls onLegendMouseLeave when the mouse leaves the legend container', async () => {
+			const user = userEvent.setup();
+			renderLegend(LegendPosition.RIGHT);
+
+			const container = document.querySelector('.legend-container') as HTMLElement;
+
+			await user.hover(container);
+			await user.unhover(container);
+
+			expect(onLegendMouseLeave).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('copy action', () => {
+		it('copies the legend label to clipboard when copy button is clicked', () => {
+			renderLegend(LegendPosition.RIGHT);
+
+			const firstLegendItem = document.querySelector(
+				'[data-legend-item-id="0"]',
+			) as HTMLElement;
+			const copyButton = within(firstLegendItem).getByTestId('legend-copy');
+
+			fireEvent.click(copyButton);
+
+			expect(mockWriteText).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+			expect(mockWriteText).toHaveBeenCalledWith('A');
+		});
+
+		it('copies the correct label when copy is clicked on a different legend item', () => {
+			renderLegend(LegendPosition.RIGHT);
+
+			const thirdLegendItem = document.querySelector(
+				'[data-legend-item-id="2"]',
+			) as HTMLElement;
+			const copyButton = within(thirdLegendItem).getByTestId('legend-copy');
+
+			fireEvent.click(copyButton);
+
+			expect(mockWriteText).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+			expect(mockWriteText).toHaveBeenCalledWith('C');
+		});
+
+		it('does not call onLegendClick when copy button is clicked', () => {
+			renderLegend(LegendPosition.RIGHT);
+
+			const firstLegendItem = document.querySelector(
+				'[data-legend-item-id="0"]',
+			) as HTMLElement;
+			const copyButton = within(firstLegendItem).getByTestId('legend-copy');
+
+			fireEvent.click(copyButton);
+
+			expect(onLegendClick).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+		});
+	});
+});

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/config/UPlotAxisBuilder.ts

@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ import uPlot, { Axis } from 'uplot';
 
 import { uPlotXAxisValuesFormat } from '../../uPlotLib/utils/constants';
 import getGridColor from '../../uPlotLib/utils/getGridColor';
+import { buildYAxisSizeCalculator } from '../utils/axis';
 import { AxisProps, ConfigBuilder } from './types';
 
 const PANEL_TYPES_WITH_X_AXIS_DATETIME_FORMAT = [
 	PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES,
 	PANEL_TYPES.BAR,
-	PANEL_TYPES.PIE,
 ];
 
 /**
@@ -114,81 +114,6 @@ export class UPlotAxisBuilder extends ConfigBuilder<AxisProps, Axis> {
 			: undefined;
 	}
 
-	/**
-	 * Calculate axis size from existing size property
-	 */
-	private getExistingAxisSize(
-		self: uPlot,
-		axis: Axis,
-		values: string[] | undefined,
-		axisIdx: number,
-		cycleNum: number,
-	): number {
-		const internalSize = (axis as { _size?: number })._size;
-		if (internalSize !== undefined) {
-			return internalSize;
-		}
-
-		const existingSize = axis.size;
-		if (typeof existingSize === 'function') {
-			return existingSize(self, values ?? [], axisIdx, cycleNum);
-		}
-
-		return existingSize ?? 0;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Calculate text width for longest value
-	 */
-	private calculateTextWidth(
-		self: uPlot,
-		axis: Axis,
-		values: string[] | undefined,
-	): number {
-		if (!values || values.length === 0) {
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		// Find longest value
-		const longestVal = values.reduce(
-			(acc, val) => (val.length > acc.length ? val : acc),
-			'',
-		);
-
-		if (longestVal === '' || !axis.font?.[0]) {
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		// eslint-disable-next-line prefer-destructuring, no-param-reassign
-		self.ctx.font = axis.font[0];
-		return self.ctx.measureText(longestVal).width / devicePixelRatio;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Build Y-axis dynamic size calculator
-	 */
-	private buildYAxisSizeCalculator(): uPlot.Axis.Size {
-		return (
-			self: uPlot,
-			values: string[] | undefined,
-			axisIdx: number,
-			cycleNum: number,
-		): number => {
-			const axis = self.axes[axisIdx];
-
-			// Bail out, force convergence
-			if (cycleNum > 1) {
-				return this.getExistingAxisSize(self, axis, values, axisIdx, cycleNum);
-			}
-
-			const gap = this.props.gap ?? 5;
-			let axisSize = (axis.ticks?.size ?? 0) + gap;
-			axisSize += this.calculateTextWidth(self, axis, values);
-
-			return Math.ceil(axisSize);
-		};
-	}
-
 	/**
 	 * Build dynamic size calculator for Y-axis
 	 */
@@ -202,7 +127,7 @@ export class UPlotAxisBuilder extends ConfigBuilder<AxisProps, Axis> {
 
 		// Y-axis needs dynamic sizing based on text width
 		if (scaleKey === 'y') {
-			return this.buildYAxisSizeCalculator();
+			return buildYAxisSizeCalculator(this.props.gap ?? 5);
 		}
 
 		return undefined;

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/config/UPlotConfigBuilder.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { SeriesVisibilityState } from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/types';
 import { getStoredSeriesVisibility } from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/utils/legendVisibilityUtils';
 import { ThresholdsDrawHookOptions } from 'lib/uPlotV2/hooks/types';
 import { thresholdsDrawHook } from 'lib/uPlotV2/hooks/useThresholdsDrawHook';
@@ -235,9 +236,9 @@ export class UPlotConfigBuilder extends ConfigBuilder<
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Returns stored series visibility map from localStorage when preferences source is LOCAL_STORAGE, otherwise null.
+	 * Returns stored series visibility by index from localStorage when preferences source is LOCAL_STORAGE, otherwise null.
 	 */
-	private getStoredVisibilityMap(): Map<string, boolean> | null {
+	private getStoredVisibility(): SeriesVisibilityState | null {
 		if (
 			this.widgetId &&
 			this.selectionPreferencesSource === SelectionPreferencesSource.LOCAL_STORAGE
@@ -251,22 +252,23 @@ export class UPlotConfigBuilder extends ConfigBuilder<
 	 * Get legend items with visibility state restored from localStorage if available
 	 */
 	getLegendItems(): Record<number, LegendItem> {
-		const visibilityMap = this.getStoredVisibilityMap();
-		const isAnySeriesHidden = !!(
-			visibilityMap && Array.from(visibilityMap.values()).some((show) => !show)
+		const seriesVisibilityState = this.getStoredVisibility();
+		const isAnySeriesHidden = !!seriesVisibilityState?.visibility?.some(
+			(show) => !show,
 		);
 
 		return this.series.reduce((acc, s: UPlotSeriesBuilder, index: number) => {
 			const seriesConfig = s.getConfig();
 			const label = seriesConfig.label ?? '';
-			const seriesIndex = index + 1; // +1 because the first series is the timestamp
-
-			const show = resolveSeriesVisibility(
-				label,
-				seriesConfig.show,
-				visibilityMap,
+			// +1 because uPlot series 0 is x-axis/time; data series are at 1, 2, ... (also matches stored visibility[0]=time, visibility[1]=first data, ...)
+			const seriesIndex = index + 1;
+			const show = resolveSeriesVisibility({
+				seriesIndex,
+				seriesShow: seriesConfig.show,
+				seriesLabel: label,
+				seriesVisibilityState,
 				isAnySeriesHidden,
-			);
+			});
 
 			acc[seriesIndex] = {
 				seriesIndex,
@@ -294,22 +296,23 @@ export class UPlotConfigBuilder extends ConfigBuilder<
 			...DEFAULT_PLOT_CONFIG,
 		};
 
-		const visibilityMap = this.getStoredVisibilityMap();
-		const isAnySeriesHidden = !!(
-			visibilityMap && Array.from(visibilityMap.values()).some((show) => !show)
+		const seriesVisibilityState = this.getStoredVisibility();
+		const isAnySeriesHidden = !!seriesVisibilityState?.visibility?.some(
+			(show) => !show,
 		);
 
 		config.series = [
 			{ value: (): string => '' }, // Base series for timestamp
-			...this.series.map((s) => {
+			...this.series.map((s, index) => {
 				const series = s.getConfig();
-				const label = series.label ?? '';
-				const visible = resolveSeriesVisibility(
-					label,
-					series.show,
-					visibilityMap,
+				// Stored visibility[0] is x-axis/time; data series start at visibility[1]
+				const visible = resolveSeriesVisibility({
+					seriesIndex: index + 1,
+					seriesShow: series.show,
+					seriesLabel: series.label ?? '',
+					seriesVisibilityState,
 					isAnySeriesHidden,
-				);
+				});
 				return {
 					...series,
 					show: visible,

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/config/UPlotSeriesBuilder.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
+import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
 import { themeColors } from 'constants/theme';
 import { generateColor } from 'lib/uPlotLib/utils/generateColor';
 import uPlot, { Series } from 'uplot';
 
 import {
+	BarAlignment,
 	ConfigBuilder,
 	DrawStyle,
 	LineInterpolation,
@@ -15,20 +17,41 @@ import {
  * Builder for uPlot series configuration
  * Handles creation of series settings
  */
+
+/**
+ * Path builders are static and shared across all instances of UPlotSeriesBuilder
+ */
+let builders: PathBuilders | null = null;
 export class UPlotSeriesBuilder extends ConfigBuilder<SeriesProps, Series> {
+	constructor(props: SeriesProps) {
+		super(props);
+		const pathBuilders = uPlot.paths;
+
+		if (!builders) {
+			const linearBuilder = pathBuilders.linear;
+			const splineBuilder = pathBuilders.spline;
+			const steppedBuilder = pathBuilders.stepped;
+
+			if (!linearBuilder || !splineBuilder || !steppedBuilder) {
+				throw new Error('Required uPlot path builders are not available');
+			}
+			builders = {
+				linear: linearBuilder(),
+				spline: splineBuilder(),
+				stepBefore: steppedBuilder({ align: -1 }),
+				stepAfter: steppedBuilder({ align: 1 }),
+			};
+		}
+	}
+
 	private buildLineConfig({
-		lineColor,
-		lineWidth,
-		lineStyle,
-		lineCap,
+		resolvedLineColor,
 	}: {
-		lineColor: string;
-		lineWidth?: number;
-		lineStyle?: LineStyle;
-		lineCap?: Series.Cap;
+		resolvedLineColor: string;
 	}): Partial<Series> {
+		const { lineWidth, lineStyle, lineCap } = this.props;
 		const lineConfig: Partial<Series> = {
-			stroke: lineColor,
+			stroke: resolvedLineColor,
 			width: lineWidth ?? 2,
 		};
 
@@ -39,21 +62,27 @@ export class UPlotSeriesBuilder extends ConfigBuilder<SeriesProps, Series> {
 		if (lineCap) {
 			lineConfig.cap = lineCap;
 		}
+
+		if (this.props.panelType === PANEL_TYPES.BAR) {
+			lineConfig.fill = resolvedLineColor;
+		}
+
 		return lineConfig;
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Build path configuration
 	 */
-	private buildPathConfig({
-		pathBuilder,
-		drawStyle,
-		lineInterpolation,
-	}: {
-		pathBuilder?: Series.PathBuilder | null;
-		drawStyle: DrawStyle;
-		lineInterpolation?: LineInterpolation;
-	}): Partial<Series> {
+	private buildPathConfig(): Partial<Series> {
+		const {
+			pathBuilder,
+			drawStyle,
+			lineInterpolation,
+			barAlignment,
+			barMaxWidth,
+			barWidthFactor,
+			stepInterval,
+		} = this.props;
 		if (pathBuilder) {
 			return { paths: pathBuilder };
 		}
@@ -70,7 +99,14 @@ export class UPlotSeriesBuilder extends ConfigBuilder<SeriesProps, Series> {
 					idx0: number,
 					idx1: number,
 				): Series.Paths | null => {
-					const pathsBuilder = getPathBuilder(drawStyle, lineInterpolation);
+					const pathsBuilder = getPathBuilder({
+						drawStyle,
+						lineInterpolation,
+						barAlignment,
+						barMaxWidth,
+						barWidthFactor,
+						stepInterval,
+					});
 
 					return pathsBuilder(self, seriesIdx, idx0, idx1);
 				},
@@ -84,25 +120,21 @@ export class UPlotSeriesBuilder extends ConfigBuilder<SeriesProps, Series> {
 	 * Build points configuration
 	 */
 	private buildPointsConfig({
-		lineColor,
-		lineWidth,
-		pointSize,
-		pointsBuilder,
-		pointsFilter,
-		drawStyle,
-		showPoints,
+		resolvedLineColor,
 	}: {
-		lineColor: string;
-		lineWidth?: number;
-		pointSize?: number;
-		pointsBuilder: Series.Points.Show | null;
-		pointsFilter: Series.Points.Filter | null;
-		drawStyle: DrawStyle;
-		showPoints?: VisibilityMode;
+		resolvedLineColor: string;
 	}): Partial<Series.Points> {
+		const {
+			lineWidth,
+			pointSize,
+			pointsBuilder,
+			pointsFilter,
+			drawStyle,
+			showPoints,
+		} = this.props;
 		const pointsConfig: Partial<Series.Points> = {
-			stroke: lineColor,
-			fill: lineColor,
+			stroke: resolvedLineColor,
+			fill: resolvedLineColor,
 			size: !pointSize || pointSize < (lineWidth ?? 2) ? undefined : pointSize,
 			filter: pointsFilter || undefined,
 		};
@@ -136,44 +168,16 @@ export class UPlotSeriesBuilder extends ConfigBuilder<SeriesProps, Series> {
 	}
 
 	getConfig(): Series {
-		const {
-			drawStyle,
-			pathBuilder,
-			pointsBuilder,
-			pointsFilter,
-			lineInterpolation,
-			lineWidth,
-			lineStyle,
-			lineCap,
-			showPoints,
-			pointSize,
-			scaleKey,
-			label,
-			spanGaps,
-			show = true,
-		} = this.props;
+		const { scaleKey, label, spanGaps, show = true } = this.props;
 
-		const lineColor = this.getLineColor();
+		const resolvedLineColor = this.getLineColor();
 
 		const lineConfig = this.buildLineConfig({
-			lineColor,
-			lineWidth,
-			lineStyle,
-			lineCap,
-		});
-		const pathConfig = this.buildPathConfig({
-			pathBuilder,
-			drawStyle,
-			lineInterpolation,
+			resolvedLineColor,
 		});
+		const pathConfig = this.buildPathConfig();
 		const pointsConfig = this.buildPointsConfig({
-			lineColor,
-			lineWidth,
-			pointSize,
-			pointsBuilder: pointsBuilder ?? null,
-			pointsFilter: pointsFilter ?? null,
-			drawStyle,
-			showPoints,
+			resolvedLineColor,
 		});
 
 		return {
@@ -198,35 +202,40 @@ interface PathBuilders {
 	[key: string]: Series.PathBuilder;
 }
 
-let builders: PathBuilders | null = null;
-
 /**
  * Get path builder based on draw style and interpolation
  */
-function getPathBuilder(
-	style: DrawStyle,
-	lineInterpolation?: LineInterpolation,
-): Series.PathBuilder {
-	const pathBuilders = uPlot.paths;
-
+function getPathBuilder({
+	drawStyle,
+	lineInterpolation,
+	barAlignment = BarAlignment.Center,
+	barWidthFactor = 0.6,
+	barMaxWidth = 200,
+	stepInterval,
+}: {
+	drawStyle: DrawStyle;
+	lineInterpolation?: LineInterpolation;
+	barAlignment?: BarAlignment;
+	barMaxWidth?: number;
+	barWidthFactor?: number;
+	stepInterval?: number;
+}): Series.PathBuilder {
 	if (!builders) {
-		const linearBuilder = pathBuilders.linear;
-		const splineBuilder = pathBuilders.spline;
-		const steppedBuilder = pathBuilders.stepped;
-
-		if (!linearBuilder || !splineBuilder || !steppedBuilder) {
-			throw new Error('Required uPlot path builders are not available');
-		}
-
-		builders = {
-			linear: linearBuilder(),
-			spline: splineBuilder(),
-			stepBefore: steppedBuilder({ align: -1 }),
-			stepAfter: steppedBuilder({ align: 1 }),
-		};
+		throw new Error('Required uPlot path builders are not available');
 	}
 
-	if (style === DrawStyle.Line) {
+	if (drawStyle === DrawStyle.Bar) {
+		const pathBuilders = uPlot.paths;
+		return getBarPathBuilder({
+			pathBuilders,
+			barAlignment,
+			barWidthFactor,
+			barMaxWidth,
+			stepInterval,
+		});
+	}
+
+	if (drawStyle === DrawStyle.Line) {
 		if (lineInterpolation === LineInterpolation.StepBefore) {
 			return builders.stepBefore;
 		}
@@ -241,4 +250,81 @@ function getPathBuilder(
 	return builders.spline;
 }
 
+// eslint-disable-next-line sonarjs/cognitive-complexity
+function getBarPathBuilder({
+	pathBuilders,
+	barAlignment,
+	barWidthFactor,
+	barMaxWidth,
+	stepInterval,
+}: {
+	pathBuilders: typeof uPlot.paths;
+	barAlignment: BarAlignment;
+	barWidthFactor: number;
+	barMaxWidth: number;
+	stepInterval?: number;
+}): Series.PathBuilder {
+	if (!builders) {
+		throw new Error('Required uPlot path builders are not available');
+	}
+
+	const barsPathBuilderFactory = pathBuilders.bars;
+
+	// When a stepInterval is provided (in seconds), cap the maximum bar width
+	// so that a single bar never visually spans more than stepInterval worth
+	// of time on the x-scale.
+	if (
+		typeof stepInterval === 'number' &&
+		stepInterval > 0 &&
+		barsPathBuilderFactory
+	) {
+		return (
+			self: uPlot,
+			seriesIdx: number,
+			idx0: number,
+			idx1: number,
+		): Series.Paths | null => {
+			let effectiveBarMaxWidth = barMaxWidth;
+
+			const xScale = self.scales.x as uPlot.Scale | undefined;
+			if (xScale && typeof xScale.min === 'number') {
+				const start = xScale.min as number;
+				const end = start + stepInterval;
+				const startPx = self.valToPos(start, 'x');
+				const endPx = self.valToPos(end, 'x');
+				const intervalPx = Math.abs(endPx - startPx);
+
+				if (intervalPx > 0) {
+					effectiveBarMaxWidth =
+						typeof barMaxWidth === 'number'
+							? Math.min(barMaxWidth, intervalPx)
+							: intervalPx;
+				}
+			}
+
+			const barsCfgKey = `bars|${barAlignment}|${barWidthFactor}|${effectiveBarMaxWidth}`;
+			if (builders && !builders[barsCfgKey]) {
+				builders[barsCfgKey] = barsPathBuilderFactory({
+					size: [barWidthFactor, effectiveBarMaxWidth],
+					align: barAlignment,
+				});
+			}
+
+			return builders && builders[barsCfgKey]
+				? builders[barsCfgKey](self, seriesIdx, idx0, idx1)
+				: null;
+		};
+	}
+
+	const barsCfgKey = `bars|${barAlignment}|${barWidthFactor}|${barMaxWidth}`;
+	if (!builders[barsCfgKey] && barsPathBuilderFactory) {
+		builders[barsCfgKey] = barsPathBuilderFactory({
+			size: [barWidthFactor, barMaxWidth],
+			align: barAlignment,
+		});
+	}
+
+	return builders[barsCfgKey];
+}
+
 export type { SeriesProps };

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/config/__tests__/UPlotAxisBuilder.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
+import { getToolTipValue } from 'components/Graph/yAxisConfig';
+import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
+import { uPlotXAxisValuesFormat } from 'lib/uPlotLib/utils/constants';
+import type uPlot from 'uplot';
+
+import type { AxisProps } from '../types';
+import { UPlotAxisBuilder } from '../UPlotAxisBuilder';
+
+jest.mock('components/Graph/yAxisConfig', () => ({
+	getToolTipValue: jest.fn(),
+}));
+
+const createAxisProps = (overrides: Partial<AxisProps> = {}): AxisProps => ({
+	scaleKey: 'x',
+	label: 'Time',
+	isDarkMode: false,
+	show: true,
+	...overrides,
+});
+
+describe('UPlotAxisBuilder', () => {
+	beforeEach(() => {
+		jest.clearAllMocks();
+	});
+
+	it('builds basic axis config with defaults', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotAxisBuilder(
+			createAxisProps({
+				scaleKey: 'x',
+				label: 'Time',
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(config.scale).toBe('x');
+		expect(config.label).toBe('Time');
+		expect(config.show).toBe(true);
+		expect(config.side).toBe(2);
+		expect(config.gap).toBe(5);
+
+		// Default grid and ticks are created
+		expect(config.grid).toEqual({
+			stroke: 'rgba(0,0,0,0.5)',
+			width: 0.2,
+			show: true,
+		});
+		expect(config.ticks).toEqual({
+			width: 0.3,
+			show: true,
+		});
+	});
+
+	it('sets config values when provided', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotAxisBuilder(
+			createAxisProps({
+				scaleKey: 'x',
+				label: 'Time',
+				show: false,
+				side: 0,
+				gap: 10,
+				grid: {
+					stroke: '#ff0000',
+					width: 1,
+					show: false,
+				},
+				ticks: {
+					stroke: '#00ff00',
+					width: 1,
+					show: false,
+					size: 10,
+				},
+				values: ['1', '2', '3'],
+				space: 20,
+				size: 100,
+				stroke: '#0000ff',
+			}),
+		);
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+		expect(config.scale).toBe('x');
+		expect(config.label).toBe('Time');
+		expect(config.show).toBe(false);
+		expect(config.gap).toBe(10);
+		expect(config.grid).toEqual({
+			stroke: '#ff0000',
+			width: 1,
+			show: false,
+		});
+		expect(config.ticks).toEqual({
+			stroke: '#00ff00',
+			width: 1,
+			show: false,
+			size: 10,
+		});
+		expect(config.values).toEqual(['1', '2', '3']);
+		expect(config.space).toBe(20);
+		expect(config.size).toBe(100);
+		expect(config.stroke).toBe('#0000ff');
+	});
+
+	it('merges custom grid config over defaults and respects isDarkMode and isLogScale', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotAxisBuilder(
+			createAxisProps({
+				isDarkMode: true,
+				isLogScale: true,
+				grid: {
+					width: 1,
+				},
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(config.grid).toEqual({
+			// stroke falls back to theme-based default when not provided
+			stroke: 'rgba(231,233,237,0.3)',
+			// provided width overrides default
+			width: 1,
+			// show falls back to default when not provided
+			show: true,
+		});
+	});
+
+	it('uses provided ticks config when present and falls back to defaults otherwise', () => {
+		const customTicks = { width: 1, show: false };
+		const withTicks = new UPlotAxisBuilder(
+			createAxisProps({
+				ticks: customTicks,
+			}),
+		);
+		const withoutTicks = new UPlotAxisBuilder(createAxisProps());
+
+		expect(withTicks.getConfig().ticks).toBe(customTicks);
+		expect(withoutTicks.getConfig().ticks).toEqual({
+			width: 0.3,
+			show: true,
+		});
+	});
+
+	it('uses time-based X-axis values formatter for time-series like panels', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotAxisBuilder(
+			createAxisProps({
+				scaleKey: 'x',
+				panelType: PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES,
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(config.values).toBe(uPlotXAxisValuesFormat);
+	});
+
+	it('does not attach X-axis datetime formatter when panel type is not supported', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotAxisBuilder(
+			createAxisProps({
+				scaleKey: 'x',
+				panelType: PANEL_TYPES.LIST, // not in PANEL_TYPES_WITH_X_AXIS_DATETIME_FORMAT
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(config.values).toBeUndefined();
+	});
+
+	it('builds Y-axis values formatter that delegates to getToolTipValue', () => {
+		const yBuilder = new UPlotAxisBuilder(
+			createAxisProps({
+				scaleKey: 'y',
+				yAxisUnit: 'ms',
+				decimalPrecision: 3,
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const config = yBuilder.getConfig();
+		expect(typeof config.values).toBe('function');
+
+		(getToolTipValue as jest.Mock).mockImplementation(
+			(value: string, unit?: string, precision?: unknown) =>
+				`formatted:${value}:${unit}:${precision}`,
+		);
+
+		// Simulate uPlot calling the values formatter
+		const valuesFn = (config.values as unknown) as (
+			self: uPlot,
+			vals: unknown[],
+		) => string[];
+		const result = valuesFn({} as uPlot, [1, null, 2, Number.NaN]);
+
+		expect(getToolTipValue).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+		expect(getToolTipValue).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(1, '1', 'ms', 3);
+		expect(getToolTipValue).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(2, '2', 'ms', 3);
+
+		// Null/NaN values should map to empty strings
+		expect(result).toEqual(['formatted:1:ms:3', '', 'formatted:2:ms:3', '']);
+	});
+
+	it('adds dynamic size calculator only for Y-axis when size is not provided', () => {
+		const yBuilder = new UPlotAxisBuilder(
+			createAxisProps({
+				scaleKey: 'y',
+			}),
+		);
+		const xBuilder = new UPlotAxisBuilder(
+			createAxisProps({
+				scaleKey: 'x',
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const yConfig = yBuilder.getConfig();
+		const xConfig = xBuilder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(typeof yConfig.size).toBe('function');
+		expect(xConfig.size).toBeUndefined();
+	});
+
+	it('uses explicit size function when provided', () => {
+		const sizeFn: uPlot.Axis.Size = jest.fn(() => 100) as uPlot.Axis.Size;
+
+		const builder = new UPlotAxisBuilder(
+			createAxisProps({
+				scaleKey: 'y',
+				size: sizeFn,
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+		expect(config.size).toBe(sizeFn);
+	});
+
+	it('builds stroke color based on stroke and isDarkMode', () => {
+		const explicitStroke = new UPlotAxisBuilder(
+			createAxisProps({
+				stroke: '#ff0000',
+			}),
+		);
+		const darkStroke = new UPlotAxisBuilder(
+			createAxisProps({
+				stroke: undefined,
+				isDarkMode: true,
+			}),
+		);
+		const lightStroke = new UPlotAxisBuilder(
+			createAxisProps({
+				stroke: undefined,
+				isDarkMode: false,
+			}),
+		);
+
+		expect(explicitStroke.getConfig().stroke).toBe('#ff0000');
+		expect(darkStroke.getConfig().stroke).toBe('white');
+		expect(lightStroke.getConfig().stroke).toBe('black');
+	});
+
+	it('uses explicit values formatter when provided', () => {
+		const customValues: uPlot.Axis.Values = jest.fn(() => ['a', 'b', 'c']);
+
+		const builder = new UPlotAxisBuilder(
+			createAxisProps({
+				scaleKey: 'y',
+				values: customValues,
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(config.values).toBe(customValues);
+	});
+
+	it('returns undefined values for scaleKey neither x nor y', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotAxisBuilder(createAxisProps({ scaleKey: 'custom' }));
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(config.values).toBeUndefined();
+	});
+
+	it('includes space in config when provided', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotAxisBuilder(
+			createAxisProps({ scaleKey: 'y', space: 50 }),
+		);
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(config.space).toBe(50);
+	});
+
+	it('includes PANEL_TYPES.BAR and PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES in X-axis datetime formatter', () => {
+		const barBuilder = new UPlotAxisBuilder(
+			createAxisProps({
+				scaleKey: 'x',
+				panelType: PANEL_TYPES.BAR,
+			}),
+		);
+		expect(barBuilder.getConfig().values).toBe(uPlotXAxisValuesFormat);
+
+		const timeSeriesBuilder = new UPlotAxisBuilder(
+			createAxisProps({
+				scaleKey: 'x',
+				panelType: PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES,
+			}),
+		);
+		expect(timeSeriesBuilder.getConfig().values).toBe(uPlotXAxisValuesFormat);
+	});
+
+	it('should return the existing size when cycleNum > 1', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotAxisBuilder(createAxisProps({ scaleKey: 'y' }));
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+		const sizeFn = config.size;
+		expect(typeof sizeFn).toBe('function');
+
+		const mockAxis = {
+			_size: 80,
+			ticks: { size: 10 },
+			font: ['12px sans-serif'],
+		};
+		const mockSelf = ({
+			axes: [mockAxis],
+			ctx: { measureText: jest.fn(() => ({ width: 60 })), font: '' },
+		} as unknown) as uPlot;
+
+		const result = (sizeFn as (
+			s: uPlot,
+			v: string[],
+			a: number,
+			c: number,
+		) => number)(
+			mockSelf,
+			['100', '200'],
+			0,
+			2, // cycleNum > 1
+		);
+
+		expect(result).toBe(80);
+	});
+
+	it('should invoke the size calculator and compute from text width when cycleNum <= 1', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotAxisBuilder(
+			createAxisProps({ scaleKey: 'y', gap: 8 }),
+		);
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+		const sizeFn = config.size;
+		expect(typeof sizeFn).toBe('function');
+
+		const mockAxis = {
+			ticks: { size: 12 },
+			font: ['12px sans-serif'],
+		};
+		const measureText = jest.fn(() => ({ width: 48 }));
+		const mockSelf = ({
+			axes: [mockAxis],
+			ctx: {
+				measureText,
+				get font() {
+					return '';
+				},
+				set font(_v: string) {
+					/* noop */
+				},
+			},
+		} as unknown) as uPlot;
+
+		const result = (sizeFn as (
+			s: uPlot,
+			v: string[],
+			a: number,
+			c: number,
+		) => number)(
+			mockSelf,
+			['10', '2000ms'],
+			0,
+			0, // cycleNum <= 1
+		);
+
+		expect(measureText).toHaveBeenCalledWith('2000ms');
+		expect(result).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(12 + 8);
+	});
+
+	it('merge updates axis props', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotAxisBuilder(
+			createAxisProps({ scaleKey: 'y', label: 'Original' }),
+		);
+
+		builder.merge({ label: 'Merged', yAxisUnit: 'bytes' });
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(config.label).toBe('Merged');
+		expect(config.values).toBeDefined();
+	});
+});

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/config/__tests__/UPlotConfigBuilder.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
+import uPlot from 'uplot';
+
+import type { SeriesProps } from '../types';
+import { DrawStyle, SelectionPreferencesSource } from '../types';
+import { UPlotConfigBuilder } from '../UPlotConfigBuilder';
+
+// Mock only the real boundary that hits localStorage
+jest.mock(
+	'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/utils/legendVisibilityUtils',
+	() => ({
+		getStoredSeriesVisibility: jest.fn(),
+	}),
+);
+
+const getStoredSeriesVisibilityMock = jest.requireMock(
+	'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/utils/legendVisibilityUtils',
+) as {
+	getStoredSeriesVisibility: jest.Mock;
+};
+
+describe('UPlotConfigBuilder', () => {
+	beforeEach(() => {
+		jest.clearAllMocks();
+	});
+
+	const createSeriesProps = (
+		overrides: Partial<SeriesProps> = {},
+	): SeriesProps => ({
+		scaleKey: 'y',
+		label: 'Requests',
+		colorMapping: {},
+		drawStyle: DrawStyle.Line,
+		panelType: PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES,
+		...overrides,
+	});
+
+	it('returns correct save selection preference flag from constructor args', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotConfigBuilder({
+			shouldSaveSelectionPreference: true,
+		});
+
+		expect(builder.getShouldSaveSelectionPreference()).toBe(true);
+	});
+
+	it('returns widgetId from constructor args', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotConfigBuilder({ widgetId: 'widget-123' });
+
+		expect(builder.getWidgetId()).toBe('widget-123');
+	});
+
+	it('sets tzDate from constructor and includes it in config', () => {
+		const tzDate = (ts: number): Date => new Date(ts);
+		const builder = new UPlotConfigBuilder({ tzDate });
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(config.tzDate).toBe(tzDate);
+	});
+
+	it('does not call onDragSelect for click without drag (width === 0)', () => {
+		const onDragSelect = jest.fn();
+		const builder = new UPlotConfigBuilder({ onDragSelect });
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+		const setSelectHooks = config.hooks?.setSelect ?? [];
+		expect(setSelectHooks.length).toBe(1);
+
+		const uplotInstance = ({
+			select: { left: 10, width: 0 },
+			posToVal: jest.fn(),
+		} as unknown) as uPlot;
+
+		// Simulate uPlot calling the hook
+		const setSelectHook = setSelectHooks[0];
+		setSelectHook!(uplotInstance);
+
+		expect(onDragSelect).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it('calls onDragSelect with start and end times in milliseconds for a drag selection', () => {
+		const onDragSelect = jest.fn();
+		const builder = new UPlotConfigBuilder({ onDragSelect });
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+		const setSelectHooks = config.hooks?.setSelect ?? [];
+		expect(setSelectHooks.length).toBe(1);
+
+		const posToVal = jest
+			.fn()
+			// left position
+			.mockReturnValueOnce(100)
+			// left + width
+			.mockReturnValueOnce(110);
+
+		const uplotInstance = ({
+			select: { left: 50, width: 20 },
+			posToVal,
+		} as unknown) as uPlot;
+
+		const setSelectHook = setSelectHooks[0];
+		setSelectHook!(uplotInstance);
+
+		expect(onDragSelect).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+		// 100 and 110 seconds converted to milliseconds
+		expect(onDragSelect).toHaveBeenCalledWith(100_000, 110_000);
+	});
+
+	it('adds and removes hooks via addHook, and exposes them through getConfig', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotConfigBuilder();
+		const drawHook = jest.fn();
+
+		const remove = builder.addHook('draw', drawHook as uPlot.Hooks.Defs['draw']);
+
+		let config = builder.getConfig();
+		expect(config.hooks?.draw).toContain(drawHook);
+
+		// Remove and ensure it no longer appears in config
+		remove();
+		config = builder.getConfig();
+		expect(config.hooks?.draw ?? []).not.toContain(drawHook);
+	});
+
+	it('adds axes, scales, and series and wires them into the final config', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotConfigBuilder();
+
+		// Add axis and scale
+		builder.addAxis({ scaleKey: 'y', label: 'Requests' });
+		builder.addScale({ scaleKey: 'y' });
+
+		// Add two series – legend indices should start from 1 (0 is the timestamp series)
+		builder.addSeries(createSeriesProps({ label: 'Requests' }));
+		builder.addSeries(createSeriesProps({ label: 'Errors' }));
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+
+		// Axes
+		expect(config.axes).toHaveLength(1);
+		expect(config.axes?.[0].scale).toBe('y');
+
+		// Scales are returned as an object keyed by scaleKey
+		expect(config.scales).toBeDefined();
+		expect(Object.keys(config.scales ?? {})).toContain('y');
+
+		// Series: base timestamp + 2 data series
+		expect(config.series).toHaveLength(3);
+		// Base series (index 0) has a value formatter that returns empty string
+		const baseSeries = config.series?.[0] as { value?: () => string };
+		expect(typeof baseSeries?.value).toBe('function');
+		expect(baseSeries?.value?.()).toBe('');
+
+		// Legend items align with series and carry label and color from series config
+		const legendItems = builder.getLegendItems();
+		expect(Object.keys(legendItems)).toEqual(['1', '2']);
+		expect(legendItems[1].seriesIndex).toBe(1);
+		expect(legendItems[1].label).toBe('Requests');
+		expect(legendItems[2].label).toBe('Errors');
+	});
+
+	it('merges axis when addAxis is called twice with same scaleKey', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotConfigBuilder();
+
+		builder.addAxis({ scaleKey: 'y', label: 'Requests' });
+		builder.addAxis({ scaleKey: 'y', label: 'Updated Label', show: false });
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(config.axes).toHaveLength(1);
+		expect(config.axes?.[0].label).toBe('Updated Label');
+		expect(config.axes?.[0].show).toBe(false);
+	});
+
+	it('merges scale when addScale is called twice with same scaleKey', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotConfigBuilder();
+
+		builder.addScale({ scaleKey: 'y', min: 0 });
+		builder.addScale({ scaleKey: 'y', max: 100 });
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+
+		// Only one scale entry for 'y' (merge path used, no duplicate added)
+		expect(config.scales).toBeDefined();
+		const scales = config.scales ?? {};
+		expect(Object.keys(scales)).toEqual(['y']);
+		expect(scales.y?.range).toBeDefined();
+	});
+
+	it('restores visibility state from localStorage when selectionPreferencesSource is LOCAL_STORAGE', () => {
+		// Index 0 = x-axis/time; indices 1,2 = data series (Requests, Errors). resolveSeriesVisibility matches by seriesIndex + seriesLabel.
+		getStoredSeriesVisibilityMock.getStoredSeriesVisibility.mockReturnValue({
+			labels: ['x-axis', 'Requests', 'Errors'],
+			visibility: [true, true, false],
+		});
+
+		const builder = new UPlotConfigBuilder({
+			widgetId: 'widget-1',
+			selectionPreferencesSource: SelectionPreferencesSource.LOCAL_STORAGE,
+		});
+
+		builder.addSeries(createSeriesProps({ label: 'Requests' }));
+		builder.addSeries(createSeriesProps({ label: 'Errors' }));
+
+		const legendItems = builder.getLegendItems();
+
+		// When any series is hidden, legend visibility is driven by the stored map
+		expect(legendItems[1].show).toBe(true);
+		expect(legendItems[2].show).toBe(false);
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+		const [, firstSeries, secondSeries] = config.series ?? [];
+
+		expect(firstSeries?.show).toBe(true);
+		expect(secondSeries?.show).toBe(false);
+	});
+
+	it('does not attempt to read stored visibility when using in-memory preferences', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotConfigBuilder({
+			widgetId: 'widget-1',
+			selectionPreferencesSource: SelectionPreferencesSource.IN_MEMORY,
+		});
+
+		builder.addSeries(createSeriesProps({ label: 'Requests' }));
+
+		builder.getLegendItems();
+		builder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(
+			getStoredSeriesVisibilityMock.getStoredSeriesVisibility,
+		).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it('adds thresholds only once per scale key', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotConfigBuilder();
+
+		const thresholdsOptions = {
+			scaleKey: 'y',
+			thresholds: [{ thresholdValue: 100 }],
+		};
+
+		builder.addThresholds(thresholdsOptions);
+		builder.addThresholds(thresholdsOptions);
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+		const drawHooks = config.hooks?.draw ?? [];
+
+		// Only a single draw hook should be registered for the same scaleKey
+		expect(drawHooks.length).toBe(1);
+	});
+
+	it('adds multiple thresholds when scale key is different', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotConfigBuilder();
+
+		const thresholdsOptions = {
+			scaleKey: 'y',
+			thresholds: [{ thresholdValue: 100 }],
+		};
+		builder.addThresholds(thresholdsOptions);
+		const thresholdsOptions2 = {
+			scaleKey: 'y2',
+			thresholds: [{ thresholdValue: 200 }],
+		};
+		builder.addThresholds(thresholdsOptions2);
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+		const drawHooks = config.hooks?.draw ?? [];
+
+		// Two draw hooks should be registered for different scaleKeys
+		expect(drawHooks.length).toBe(2);
+	});
+
+	it('merges cursor configuration with defaults instead of replacing them', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotConfigBuilder();
+
+		builder.setCursor({
+			drag: { setScale: false },
+		});
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(config.cursor?.drag?.setScale).toBe(false);
+		// Points configuration from DEFAULT_CURSOR_CONFIG should still be present
+		expect(config.cursor?.points).toBeDefined();
+	});
+
+	it('adds plugins and includes them in config', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotConfigBuilder();
+		const plugin: uPlot.Plugin = {
+			opts: (): void => {},
+			hooks: {},
+		};
+
+		builder.addPlugin(plugin);
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(config.plugins).toContain(plugin);
+	});
+
+	it('sets padding, legend, focus, select, tzDate, bands and includes them in config', () => {
+		const tzDate = (ts: number): Date => new Date(ts);
+		const builder = new UPlotConfigBuilder();
+
+		const bands: uPlot.Band[] = [{ series: [1, 2], fill: (): string => '#000' }];
+
+		builder.setBands(bands);
+		builder.setPadding([10, 20, 30, 40]);
+		builder.setLegend({ show: true, live: true });
+		builder.setFocus({ alpha: 0.5 });
+		builder.setSelect({ left: 0, width: 0, top: 0, height: 0 });
+		builder.setTzDate(tzDate);
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(config.bands).toEqual(bands);
+		expect(config.padding).toEqual([10, 20, 30, 40]);
+		expect(config.legend).toEqual({ show: true, live: true });
+		expect(config.focus).toEqual({ alpha: 0.5 });
+		expect(config.select).toEqual({ left: 0, width: 0, top: 0, height: 0 });
+		expect(config.tzDate).toBe(tzDate);
+	});
+
+	it('does not include plugins when none added', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotConfigBuilder();
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(config.plugins).toBeUndefined();
+	});
+
+	it('does not include bands when empty', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotConfigBuilder();
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(config.bands).toBeUndefined();
+	});
+});

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/config/__tests__/UPlotScaleBuilder.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+import type uPlot from 'uplot';
+
+import * as scaleUtils from '../../utils/scale';
+import type { ScaleProps } from '../types';
+import { DistributionType } from '../types';
+import { UPlotScaleBuilder } from '../UPlotScaleBuilder';
+
+const createScaleProps = (overrides: Partial<ScaleProps> = {}): ScaleProps => ({
+	scaleKey: 'y',
+	time: false,
+	auto: undefined,
+	min: undefined,
+	max: undefined,
+	softMin: undefined,
+	softMax: undefined,
+	distribution: DistributionType.Linear,
+	...overrides,
+});
+
+describe('UPlotScaleBuilder', () => {
+	const getFallbackMinMaxSpy = jest.spyOn(
+		scaleUtils,
+		'getFallbackMinMaxTimeStamp',
+	);
+
+	beforeEach(() => {
+		jest.clearAllMocks();
+	});
+
+	it('initializes softMin/softMax correctly when both are 0 (treated as unset)', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotScaleBuilder(
+			createScaleProps({
+				softMin: 0,
+				softMax: 0,
+			}),
+		);
+
+		// Non-time scale so config path uses thresholds pipeline; we just care that
+		// adjustSoftLimitsWithThresholds receives null soft limits instead of 0/0.
+		const adjustSpy = jest.spyOn(scaleUtils, 'adjustSoftLimitsWithThresholds');
+
+		builder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(adjustSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(null, null, undefined, undefined);
+	});
+
+	it('handles time scales using explicit min/max and rounds max down to the previous minute', () => {
+		const min = 1_700_000_000; // seconds
+		const max = 1_700_000_600; // seconds
+
+		const builder = new UPlotScaleBuilder(
+			createScaleProps({
+				scaleKey: 'x',
+				time: true,
+				min,
+				max,
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+		const xScale = config.x;
+
+		expect(xScale.time).toBe(true);
+		expect(xScale.auto).toBe(false);
+		expect(Array.isArray(xScale.range)).toBe(true);
+
+		const [resolvedMin, resolvedMax] = xScale.range as [number, number];
+
+		// min is passed through
+		expect(resolvedMin).toBe(min);
+
+		// max is coerced to "endTime - 1 minute" and rounded down to minute precision
+		const oneMinuteAgoTimestamp = (max - 60) * 1000;
+		const currentDate = new Date(oneMinuteAgoTimestamp);
+		currentDate.setSeconds(0);
+		currentDate.setMilliseconds(0);
+		const expectedMax = Math.floor(currentDate.getTime() / 1000);
+
+		expect(resolvedMax).toBe(expectedMax);
+	});
+
+	it('falls back to getFallbackMinMaxTimeStamp when time scale has no min/max', () => {
+		getFallbackMinMaxSpy.mockReturnValue({
+			fallbackMin: 100,
+			fallbackMax: 200,
+		});
+
+		const builder = new UPlotScaleBuilder(
+			createScaleProps({
+				scaleKey: 'x',
+				time: true,
+				min: undefined,
+				max: undefined,
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+		const [resolvedMin, resolvedMax] = config.x.range as [number, number];
+
+		expect(getFallbackMinMaxSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+		expect(resolvedMin).toBe(100);
+		// max is aligned to "fallbackMax - 60 seconds" minute boundary
+		expect(resolvedMax).toBeLessThanOrEqual(200);
+		expect(resolvedMax).toBeGreaterThan(100);
+	});
+
+	it('pipes limits through soft-limit adjustment and log-scale normalization before range config', () => {
+		const adjustSpy = jest.spyOn(scaleUtils, 'adjustSoftLimitsWithThresholds');
+		const normalizeSpy = jest.spyOn(scaleUtils, 'normalizeLogScaleLimits');
+		const getRangeConfigSpy = jest.spyOn(scaleUtils, 'getRangeConfig');
+
+		const thresholds = {
+			scaleKey: 'y',
+			thresholds: [{ thresholdValue: 10 }],
+			yAxisUnit: 'ms',
+		};
+
+		const builder = new UPlotScaleBuilder(
+			createScaleProps({
+				softMin: 1,
+				softMax: 5,
+				min: 0,
+				max: 100,
+				distribution: DistributionType.Logarithmic,
+				thresholds,
+				logBase: 2,
+				padMinBy: 0.1,
+				padMaxBy: 0.2,
+			}),
+		);
+
+		builder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(adjustSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(1, 5, thresholds.thresholds, 'ms');
+		expect(normalizeSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+			distr: DistributionType.Logarithmic,
+			logBase: 2,
+			limits: {
+				min: 0,
+				max: 100,
+				softMin: expect.anything(),
+				softMax: expect.anything(),
+			},
+		});
+		expect(getRangeConfigSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it('computes distribution config for non-time scales and wires range function when range is not provided', () => {
+		const createRangeFnSpy = jest.spyOn(scaleUtils, 'createRangeFunction');
+
+		const builder = new UPlotScaleBuilder(
+			createScaleProps({
+				scaleKey: 'y',
+				time: false,
+				distribution: DistributionType.Linear,
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+		const yScale = config.y;
+
+		expect(createRangeFnSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+		// range should be a function when not provided explicitly
+		expect(typeof yScale.range).toBe('function');
+
+		// distribution config should be applied
+		expect(yScale.distr).toBeDefined();
+		expect(yScale.log).toBeDefined();
+	});
+
+	it('respects explicit range function when provided on props', () => {
+		const explicitRange: uPlot.Scale.Range = jest.fn(() => [
+			0,
+			10,
+		]) as uPlot.Scale.Range;
+
+		const builder = new UPlotScaleBuilder(
+			createScaleProps({
+				scaleKey: 'y',
+				range: explicitRange,
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+		const yScale = config.y;
+
+		expect(yScale.range).toBe(explicitRange);
+	});
+
+	it('derives auto flag when not explicitly provided, based on hasFixedRange and time', () => {
+		const getRangeConfigSpy = jest.spyOn(scaleUtils, 'getRangeConfig');
+
+		const builder = new UPlotScaleBuilder(
+			createScaleProps({
+				min: 0,
+				max: 100,
+				time: false,
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+		const yScale = config.y;
+
+		expect(getRangeConfigSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+		// For non-time scale with fixed min/max, hasFixedRange is true → auto should remain false
+		expect(yScale.auto).toBe(false);
+	});
+
+	it('merge updates internal min/max/soft limits while preserving other props', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotScaleBuilder(
+			createScaleProps({
+				scaleKey: 'y',
+				min: 0,
+				max: 10,
+				softMin: 1,
+				softMax: 9,
+				time: false,
+			}),
+		);
+
+		builder.merge({
+			min: 2,
+			softMax: undefined,
+		});
+
+		expect(builder.props.min).toBe(2);
+		expect(builder.props.softMax).toBe(undefined);
+		expect(builder.props.max).toBe(10);
+		expect(builder.props.softMin).toBe(1);
+		expect(builder.props.time).toBe(false);
+		expect(builder.props.scaleKey).toBe('y');
+		expect(builder.props.distribution).toBe(DistributionType.Linear);
+		expect(builder.props.thresholds).toBe(undefined);
+	});
+});

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/config/__tests__/UPlotSeriesBuilder.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
+import { themeColors } from 'constants/theme';
+import uPlot from 'uplot';
+
+import type { SeriesProps } from '../types';
+import {
+	DrawStyle,
+	LineInterpolation,
+	LineStyle,
+	VisibilityMode,
+} from '../types';
+import { UPlotSeriesBuilder } from '../UPlotSeriesBuilder';
+
+const createBaseProps = (
+	overrides: Partial<SeriesProps> = {},
+): SeriesProps => ({
+	scaleKey: 'y',
+	label: 'Requests',
+	colorMapping: {},
+	drawStyle: DrawStyle.Line,
+	isDarkMode: false,
+	panelType: PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES,
+	...overrides,
+});
+
+interface MockPath extends uPlot.Series.Paths {
+	name?: string;
+}
+
+describe('UPlotSeriesBuilder', () => {
+	it('maps basic props into uPlot series config', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotSeriesBuilder(
+			createBaseProps({
+				label: 'Latency',
+				spanGaps: true,
+				show: false,
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(config.scale).toBe('y');
+		expect(config.label).toBe('Latency');
+		expect(config.spanGaps).toBe(true);
+		expect(config.show).toBe(false);
+		expect(config.pxAlign).toBe(true);
+		expect(typeof config.value).toBe('function');
+	});
+
+	it('uses explicit lineColor when provided, regardless of mapping', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotSeriesBuilder(
+			createBaseProps({
+				lineColor: '#ff00ff',
+				colorMapping: { Requests: '#00ff00' },
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(config.stroke).toBe('#ff00ff');
+	});
+
+	it('falls back to theme colors when no label is provided', () => {
+		const darkBuilder = new UPlotSeriesBuilder(
+			createBaseProps({
+				label: undefined,
+				isDarkMode: true,
+				lineColor: undefined,
+			}),
+		);
+		const lightBuilder = new UPlotSeriesBuilder(
+			createBaseProps({
+				label: undefined,
+				isDarkMode: false,
+				lineColor: undefined,
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const darkConfig = darkBuilder.getConfig();
+		const lightConfig = lightBuilder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(darkConfig.stroke).toBe(themeColors.white);
+		expect(lightConfig.stroke).toBe(themeColors.black);
+	});
+
+	it('uses colorMapping when available and no explicit lineColor is provided', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotSeriesBuilder(
+			createBaseProps({
+				label: 'Requests',
+				colorMapping: { Requests: '#123456' },
+				lineColor: undefined,
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(config.stroke).toBe('#123456');
+	});
+
+	it('passes through a custom pathBuilder when provided', () => {
+		const customPaths = (jest.fn() as unknown) as uPlot.Series.PathBuilder;
+
+		const builder = new UPlotSeriesBuilder(
+			createBaseProps({
+				pathBuilder: customPaths,
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(config.paths).toBe(customPaths);
+	});
+
+	it('does not build line paths when drawStyle is Points, but still renders points', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotSeriesBuilder(
+			createBaseProps({
+				drawStyle: DrawStyle.Points,
+				pointSize: 4,
+				lineWidth: 2,
+				lineColor: '#aa00aa',
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(typeof config.paths).toBe('function');
+		expect(config.paths && config.paths({} as uPlot, 1, 0, 10)).toBeNull();
+
+		expect(config.points).toBeDefined();
+		expect(config.points?.stroke).toBe('#aa00aa');
+		expect(config.points?.fill).toBe('#aa00aa');
+		expect(config.points?.show).toBe(true);
+		expect(config.points?.size).toBe(4);
+	});
+
+	it('derives point size based on lineWidth and pointSize', () => {
+		const smallPointsBuilder = new UPlotSeriesBuilder(
+			createBaseProps({
+				lineWidth: 4,
+				pointSize: 2,
+			}),
+		);
+		const largePointsBuilder = new UPlotSeriesBuilder(
+			createBaseProps({
+				lineWidth: 2,
+				pointSize: 4,
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const smallConfig = smallPointsBuilder.getConfig();
+		const largeConfig = largePointsBuilder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(smallConfig.points?.size).toBeUndefined();
+		expect(largeConfig.points?.size).toBe(4);
+	});
+
+	it('uses pointsBuilder when provided instead of default visibility logic', () => {
+		const pointsBuilder: uPlot.Series.Points.Show = jest.fn(
+			() => true,
+		) as uPlot.Series.Points.Show;
+
+		const builder = new UPlotSeriesBuilder(
+			createBaseProps({
+				pointsBuilder,
+				drawStyle: DrawStyle.Line,
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(config.points?.show).toBe(pointsBuilder);
+	});
+
+	it('respects VisibilityMode for point visibility when no custom pointsBuilder is given', () => {
+		const neverPointsBuilder = new UPlotSeriesBuilder(
+			createBaseProps({
+				drawStyle: DrawStyle.Line,
+				showPoints: VisibilityMode.Never,
+			}),
+		);
+		const alwaysPointsBuilder = new UPlotSeriesBuilder(
+			createBaseProps({
+				drawStyle: DrawStyle.Line,
+				showPoints: VisibilityMode.Always,
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const neverConfig = neverPointsBuilder.getConfig();
+		const alwaysConfig = alwaysPointsBuilder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(neverConfig.points?.show).toBe(false);
+		expect(alwaysConfig.points?.show).toBe(true);
+	});
+
+	it('applies LineStyle.Dashed and lineCap to line config', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotSeriesBuilder(
+			createBaseProps({
+				lineStyle: LineStyle.Dashed,
+				lineCap: 'round' as CanvasLineCap,
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(config.dash).toEqual([10, 10]);
+		expect(config.cap).toBe('round');
+	});
+
+	it('builds default paths for Line drawStyle and invokes the path builder', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotSeriesBuilder(
+			createBaseProps({
+				drawStyle: DrawStyle.Line,
+				lineInterpolation: LineInterpolation.Linear,
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+
+		const result = config.paths?.({} as uPlot, 1, 0, 10);
+		expect((result as MockPath).name).toBe('linear');
+	});
+
+	it('uses StepBefore and StepAfter interpolation for line paths', () => {
+		const stepBeforeBuilder = new UPlotSeriesBuilder(
+			createBaseProps({
+				drawStyle: DrawStyle.Line,
+				lineInterpolation: LineInterpolation.StepBefore,
+			}),
+		);
+		const stepAfterBuilder = new UPlotSeriesBuilder(
+			createBaseProps({
+				drawStyle: DrawStyle.Line,
+				lineInterpolation: LineInterpolation.StepAfter,
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const stepBeforeConfig = stepBeforeBuilder.getConfig();
+		const stepAfterConfig = stepAfterBuilder.getConfig();
+		const stepBeforePath = stepBeforeConfig.paths?.({} as uPlot, 1, 0, 5);
+		const stepAfterPath = stepAfterConfig.paths?.({} as uPlot, 1, 0, 5);
+		expect((stepBeforePath as MockPath).name).toBe('stepped-(-1)');
+		expect((stepAfterPath as MockPath).name).toBe('stepped-(1)');
+	});
+
+	it('defaults to spline interpolation when lineInterpolation is Spline or undefined', () => {
+		const splineBuilder = new UPlotSeriesBuilder(
+			createBaseProps({
+				drawStyle: DrawStyle.Line,
+				lineInterpolation: LineInterpolation.Spline,
+			}),
+		);
+		const defaultBuilder = new UPlotSeriesBuilder(
+			createBaseProps({ drawStyle: DrawStyle.Line }),
+		);
+
+		const splineConfig = splineBuilder.getConfig();
+		const defaultConfig = defaultBuilder.getConfig();
+
+		const splinePath = splineConfig.paths?.({} as uPlot, 1, 0, 10);
+		const defaultPath = defaultConfig.paths?.({} as uPlot, 1, 0, 10);
+
+		expect((splinePath as MockPath).name).toBe('spline');
+		expect((defaultPath as MockPath).name).toBe('spline');
+	});
+
+	it('uses generateColor when label has no colorMapping and no lineColor', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotSeriesBuilder(
+			createBaseProps({
+				label: 'CustomSeries',
+				colorMapping: {},
+				lineColor: undefined,
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+		expect(config.stroke).toBe('#E64A3C');
+	});
+
+	it('passes through pointsFilter when provided', () => {
+		const pointsFilter: uPlot.Series.Points.Filter = jest.fn(
+			(_self, _seriesIdx, _show) => null,
+		);
+
+		const builder = new UPlotSeriesBuilder(
+			createBaseProps({
+				pointsFilter,
+				drawStyle: DrawStyle.Line,
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
+
+		expect(config.points?.filter).toBe(pointsFilter);
+	});
+});

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/config/types.ts

@@ -126,7 +126,45 @@ export enum VisibilityMode {
 	Never = 'never',
 }
 
-export interface SeriesProps {
+/**
+ * Props for configuring lines
+ */
+export interface LineConfig {
+	lineColor?: string;
+	lineInterpolation?: LineInterpolation;
+	lineStyle?: LineStyle;
+	lineWidth?: number;
+	lineCap?: Series.Cap;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Alignment of bars
+ */
+export enum BarAlignment {
+	After = 1,
+	Before = -1,
+	Center = 0,
+}
+
+/**
+ * Props for configuring bars
+ */
+export interface BarConfig {
+	barAlignment?: BarAlignment;
+	barMaxWidth?: number;
+	barWidthFactor?: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Props for configuring points
+ */
+export interface PointsConfig {
+	pointColor?: string;
+	pointSize?: number;
+	showPoints?: VisibilityMode;
+}
+
+export interface SeriesProps extends LineConfig, PointsConfig, BarConfig {
 	scaleKey: string;
 	label?: string;
 	panelType: PANEL_TYPES;
@@ -137,20 +175,8 @@ export interface SeriesProps {
 	pointsBuilder?: Series.Points.Show;
 	show?: boolean;
 	spanGaps?: boolean;
-
 	isDarkMode?: boolean;
-
-	// Line config
-	lineColor?: string;
-	lineInterpolation?: LineInterpolation;
-	lineStyle?: LineStyle;
-	lineWidth?: number;
-	lineCap?: Series.Cap;
-
-	// Points config
-	pointColor?: string;
-	pointSize?: number;
-	showPoints?: VisibilityMode;
+	stepInterval?: number;
 }
 
 export interface LegendItem {

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/context/__tests__/PlotContext.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
+import userEvent from '@testing-library/user-event';
+import { updateSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage } from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/utils/legendVisibilityUtils';
+import {
+	PlotContextProvider,
+	usePlotContext,
+} from 'lib/uPlotV2/context/PlotContext';
+import type uPlot from 'uplot';
+
+jest.mock(
+	'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/utils/legendVisibilityUtils',
+	() => ({
+		updateSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage: jest.fn(),
+	}),
+);
+
+const mockUpdateSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage = updateSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage as jest.MockedFunction<
+	typeof updateSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage
+>;
+
+interface MockSeries extends Partial<uPlot.Series> {
+	label?: string;
+	show?: boolean;
+}
+
+const createMockPlot = (series: MockSeries[] = []): uPlot =>
+	(({
+		series,
+		batch: jest.fn((fn: () => void) => fn()),
+		setSeries: jest.fn(),
+	} as unknown) as uPlot);
+
+interface TestComponentProps {
+	plot?: uPlot;
+	widgetId?: string;
+	shouldSaveSelectionPreference?: boolean;
+}
+
+const TestComponent = ({
+	plot,
+	widgetId,
+	shouldSaveSelectionPreference,
+}: TestComponentProps): JSX.Element => {
+	const {
+		setPlotContextInitialState,
+		syncSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage,
+		onToggleSeriesVisibility,
+		onToggleSeriesOnOff,
+		onFocusSeries,
+	} = usePlotContext();
+	const handleInit = (): void => {
+		if (
+			!plot ||
+			!widgetId ||
+			typeof shouldSaveSelectionPreference !== 'boolean'
+		) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		setPlotContextInitialState({
+			uPlotInstance: plot,
+			widgetId,
+			shouldSaveSelectionPreference,
+		});
+	};
+
+	return (
+		<div>
+			<button type="button" data-testid="init" onClick={handleInit}>
+				Init
+			</button>
+			<button
+				type="button"
+				data-testid="sync-visibility"
+				onClick={(): void => syncSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage()}
+			>
+				Sync visibility
+			</button>
+			<button
+				type="button"
+				data-testid="toggle-visibility"
+				onClick={(): void => onToggleSeriesVisibility(1)}
+			>
+				Toggle visibility
+			</button>
+			<button
+				type="button"
+				data-testid="toggle-on-off-1"
+				onClick={(): void => onToggleSeriesOnOff(1)}
+			>
+				Toggle on/off 1
+			</button>
+			<button
+				type="button"
+				data-testid="toggle-on-off-5"
+				onClick={(): void => onToggleSeriesOnOff(5)}
+			>
+				Toggle on/off 5
+			</button>
+			<button
+				type="button"
+				data-testid="focus-series"
+				onClick={(): void => onFocusSeries(1)}
+			>
+				Focus series
+			</button>
+		</div>
+	);
+};
+
+describe('PlotContext', () => {
+	afterEach(() => {
+		jest.clearAllMocks();
+	});
+
+	it('throws when usePlotContext is used outside provider', () => {
+		const Consumer = (): JSX.Element => {
+			// eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/rules-of-hooks
+			usePlotContext();
+			return <div />;
+		};
+
+		expect(() => render(<Consumer />)).toThrow(
+			'Should be used inside the context',
+		);
+	});
+
+	it('syncSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage does nothing without plot or widgetId', async () => {
+		const user = userEvent.setup();
+
+		render(
+			<PlotContextProvider>
+				<TestComponent />
+			</PlotContextProvider>,
+		);
+
+		await user.click(screen.getByTestId('sync-visibility'));
+
+		expect(mockUpdateSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it('syncSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage serializes series visibility to localStorage helper', async () => {
+		const user = userEvent.setup();
+		const plot = createMockPlot([
+			{ label: 'x-axis', show: true },
+			{ label: 'CPU', show: true },
+			{ label: 'Memory', show: false },
+		]);
+
+		render(
+			<PlotContextProvider>
+				<TestComponent
+					plot={plot}
+					widgetId="widget-123"
+					shouldSaveSelectionPreference
+				/>
+			</PlotContextProvider>,
+		);
+
+		await user.click(screen.getByTestId('init'));
+		await user.click(screen.getByTestId('sync-visibility'));
+
+		expect(mockUpdateSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+		expect(mockUpdateSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+			'widget-123',
+			[
+				{ label: 'x-axis', show: true },
+				{ label: 'CPU', show: true },
+				{ label: 'Memory', show: false },
+			],
+		);
+	});
+
+	describe('onToggleSeriesVisibility', () => {
+		it('does nothing when plot instance is not set', async () => {
+			const user = userEvent.setup();
+
+			render(
+				<PlotContextProvider>
+					<TestComponent />
+				</PlotContextProvider>,
+			);
+
+			await user.click(screen.getByTestId('toggle-visibility'));
+
+			// No errors and no calls to localStorage helper
+			expect(mockUpdateSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+		});
+
+		it('highlights a single series and saves visibility when preferences are enabled', async () => {
+			const user = userEvent.setup();
+			const series: MockSeries[] = [
+				{ label: 'x-axis', show: true },
+				{ label: 'CPU', show: true },
+				{ label: 'Memory', show: true },
+			];
+			const plot = createMockPlot(series);
+
+			render(
+				<PlotContextProvider>
+					<TestComponent
+						plot={plot}
+						widgetId="widget-visibility"
+						shouldSaveSelectionPreference
+					/>
+				</PlotContextProvider>,
+			);
+
+			await user.click(screen.getByTestId('init'));
+			await user.click(screen.getByTestId('toggle-visibility'));
+
+			const setSeries = (plot.setSeries as jest.Mock).mock.calls;
+
+			// index 0 is skipped, so we expect calls for 1 and 2
+			expect(setSeries).toEqual([
+				[1, { show: true }],
+				[2, { show: false }],
+			]);
+
+			expect(mockUpdateSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+			expect(mockUpdateSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+				'widget-visibility',
+				[
+					{ label: 'x-axis', show: true },
+					{ label: 'CPU', show: true },
+					{ label: 'Memory', show: true },
+				],
+			);
+		});
+
+		it('resets visibility for all series when toggling the same index again', async () => {
+			const user = userEvent.setup();
+			const series: MockSeries[] = [
+				{ label: 'x-axis', show: true },
+				{ label: 'CPU', show: true },
+				{ label: 'Memory', show: true },
+			];
+			const plot = createMockPlot(series);
+
+			render(
+				<PlotContextProvider>
+					<TestComponent
+						plot={plot}
+						widgetId="widget-reset"
+						shouldSaveSelectionPreference
+					/>
+				</PlotContextProvider>,
+			);
+
+			await user.click(screen.getByTestId('init'));
+			await user.click(screen.getByTestId('toggle-visibility'));
+
+			(plot.setSeries as jest.Mock).mockClear();
+
+			await user.click(screen.getByTestId('toggle-visibility'));
+
+			const setSeries = (plot.setSeries as jest.Mock).mock.calls;
+
+			// After reset, all non-zero series should be shown
+			expect(setSeries).toEqual([
+				[1, { show: true }],
+				[2, { show: true }],
+			]);
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('onToggleSeriesOnOff', () => {
+		it('does nothing when plot instance is not set', async () => {
+			const user = userEvent.setup();
+
+			render(
+				<PlotContextProvider>
+					<TestComponent />
+				</PlotContextProvider>,
+			);
+
+			await user.click(screen.getByTestId('toggle-on-off-1'));
+
+			expect(mockUpdateSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+		});
+
+		it('toggles series show flag and saves visibility when preferences are enabled', async () => {
+			const user = userEvent.setup();
+			const series: MockSeries[] = [
+				{ label: 'x-axis', show: true },
+				{ label: 'CPU', show: true },
+			];
+			const plot = createMockPlot(series);
+
+			render(
+				<PlotContextProvider>
+					<TestComponent
+						plot={plot}
+						widgetId="widget-toggle"
+						shouldSaveSelectionPreference
+					/>
+				</PlotContextProvider>,
+			);
+
+			await user.click(screen.getByTestId('init'));
+			await user.click(screen.getByTestId('toggle-on-off-1'));
+
+			expect(plot.setSeries).toHaveBeenCalledWith(1, { show: false });
+			expect(mockUpdateSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+			expect(mockUpdateSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+				'widget-toggle',
+				expect.any(Array),
+			);
+		});
+
+		it('does not toggle when target series does not exist', async () => {
+			const user = userEvent.setup();
+			const series: MockSeries[] = [{ label: 'x-axis', show: true }];
+			const plot = createMockPlot(series);
+
+			render(
+				<PlotContextProvider>
+					<TestComponent
+						plot={plot}
+						widgetId="widget-missing-series"
+						shouldSaveSelectionPreference
+					/>
+				</PlotContextProvider>,
+			);
+
+			await user.click(screen.getByTestId('init'));
+			await user.click(screen.getByTestId('toggle-on-off-5'));
+
+			expect(plot.setSeries).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+			expect(mockUpdateSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+		});
+
+		it('does not persist visibility when preferences flag is disabled', async () => {
+			const user = userEvent.setup();
+			const series: MockSeries[] = [
+				{ label: 'x-axis', show: true },
+				{ label: 'CPU', show: true },
+			];
+			const plot = createMockPlot(series);
+
+			render(
+				<PlotContextProvider>
+					<TestComponent
+						plot={plot}
+						widgetId="widget-no-persist"
+						shouldSaveSelectionPreference={false}
+					/>
+				</PlotContextProvider>,
+			);
+
+			await user.click(screen.getByTestId('init'));
+			await user.click(screen.getByTestId('toggle-on-off-1'));
+
+			expect(plot.setSeries).toHaveBeenCalledWith(1, { show: false });
+			expect(mockUpdateSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('onFocusSeries', () => {
+		it('does nothing when plot instance is not set', async () => {
+			const user = userEvent.setup();
+
+			render(
+				<PlotContextProvider>
+					<TestComponent />
+				</PlotContextProvider>,
+			);
+
+			await user.click(screen.getByTestId('focus-series'));
+		});
+
+		it('sets focus on the given series index', async () => {
+			const user = userEvent.setup();
+			const plot = createMockPlot([
+				{ label: 'x-axis', show: true },
+				{ label: 'CPU', show: true },
+			]);
+
+			render(
+				<PlotContextProvider>
+					<TestComponent
+						plot={plot}
+						widgetId="widget-focus"
+						shouldSaveSelectionPreference={false}
+					/>
+				</PlotContextProvider>,
+			);
+
+			await user.click(screen.getByTestId('init'));
+			await user.click(screen.getByTestId('focus-series'));
+
+			expect(plot.setSeries).toHaveBeenCalledWith(1, { focus: true }, false);
+		});
+	});
+});

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/hooks/__tests__/useLegendActions.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+import { renderHook } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { usePlotContext } from 'lib/uPlotV2/context/PlotContext';
+import { useLegendActions } from 'lib/uPlotV2/hooks/useLegendActions';
+
+jest.mock('lib/uPlotV2/context/PlotContext');
+
+const mockUsePlotContext = usePlotContext as jest.MockedFunction<
+	typeof usePlotContext
+>;
+
+describe('useLegendActions', () => {
+	let onToggleSeriesVisibility: jest.Mock;
+	let onToggleSeriesOnOff: jest.Mock;
+	let onFocusSeriesPlot: jest.Mock;
+	let setPlotContextInitialState: jest.Mock;
+	let syncSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage: jest.Mock;
+	let setFocusedSeriesIndexMock: jest.Mock;
+	let cancelAnimationFrameSpy: jest.SpyInstance<void, [handle: number]>;
+
+	beforeAll(() => {
+		jest
+			.spyOn(global, 'requestAnimationFrame')
+			.mockImplementation((cb: FrameRequestCallback): number => {
+				cb(0);
+				return 1;
+			});
+
+		cancelAnimationFrameSpy = jest
+			.spyOn(global, 'cancelAnimationFrame')
+			.mockImplementation(() => {});
+	});
+
+	afterAll(() => {
+		jest.restoreAllMocks();
+	});
+
+	beforeEach(() => {
+		onToggleSeriesVisibility = jest.fn();
+		onToggleSeriesOnOff = jest.fn();
+		onFocusSeriesPlot = jest.fn();
+		setPlotContextInitialState = jest.fn();
+		syncSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage = jest.fn();
+		setFocusedSeriesIndexMock = jest.fn();
+
+		mockUsePlotContext.mockReturnValue({
+			onToggleSeriesVisibility,
+			onToggleSeriesOnOff,
+			onFocusSeries: onFocusSeriesPlot,
+			setPlotContextInitialState,
+			syncSeriesVisibilityToLocalStorage,
+		});
+
+		cancelAnimationFrameSpy.mockClear();
+	});
+
+	const createMouseEvent = (options: {
+		legendItemId?: number;
+		isMarker?: boolean;
+	}): any => {
+		const { legendItemId, isMarker = false } = options;
+
+		return {
+			target: {
+				dataset: {
+					...(isMarker ? { isLegendMarker: 'true' } : {}),
+				},
+				closest: jest.fn(() =>
+					legendItemId !== undefined
+						? { dataset: { legendItemId: String(legendItemId) } }
+						: null,
+				),
+			},
+		};
+	};
+
+	describe('onLegendClick', () => {
+		it('toggles series visibility when clicking on legend label', async () => {
+			const { result } = renderHook(() =>
+				useLegendActions({
+					setFocusedSeriesIndex: setFocusedSeriesIndexMock,
+					focusedSeriesIndex: null,
+				}),
+			);
+
+			result.current.onLegendClick(createMouseEvent({ legendItemId: 0 }));
+
+			expect(onToggleSeriesVisibility).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+			expect(onToggleSeriesVisibility).toHaveBeenCalledWith(0);
+			expect(onToggleSeriesOnOff).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+		});
+
+		it('toggles series on/off when clicking on marker', async () => {
+			const { result } = renderHook(() =>
+				useLegendActions({
+					setFocusedSeriesIndex: setFocusedSeriesIndexMock,
+					focusedSeriesIndex: null,
+				}),
+			);
+
+			result.current.onLegendClick(
+				createMouseEvent({ legendItemId: 0, isMarker: true }),
+			);
+
+			expect(onToggleSeriesOnOff).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+			expect(onToggleSeriesOnOff).toHaveBeenCalledWith(0);
+			expect(onToggleSeriesVisibility).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+		});
+
+		it('does nothing when click target is not inside a legend item', async () => {
+			const { result } = renderHook(() =>
+				useLegendActions({
+					setFocusedSeriesIndex: setFocusedSeriesIndexMock,
+					focusedSeriesIndex: null,
+				}),
+			);
+
+			result.current.onLegendClick(createMouseEvent({}));
+
+			expect(onToggleSeriesOnOff).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+			expect(onToggleSeriesVisibility).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('onFocusSeries', () => {
+		it('schedules focus update and calls plot focus handler via mouse move', async () => {
+			const { result } = renderHook(() =>
+				useLegendActions({
+					setFocusedSeriesIndex: setFocusedSeriesIndexMock,
+					focusedSeriesIndex: null,
+				}),
+			);
+
+			result.current.onLegendMouseMove(createMouseEvent({ legendItemId: 0 }));
+
+			expect(setFocusedSeriesIndexMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(0);
+			expect(onFocusSeriesPlot).toHaveBeenCalledWith(0);
+		});
+
+		it('cancels previous animation frame before scheduling new one on subsequent mouse moves', async () => {
+			const { result } = renderHook(() =>
+				useLegendActions({
+					setFocusedSeriesIndex: setFocusedSeriesIndexMock,
+					focusedSeriesIndex: null,
+				}),
+			);
+
+			result.current.onLegendMouseMove(createMouseEvent({ legendItemId: 0 }));
+			result.current.onLegendMouseMove(createMouseEvent({ legendItemId: 1 }));
+
+			expect(cancelAnimationFrameSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('onLegendMouseMove', () => {
+		it('focuses new series when hovering over different legend item', async () => {
+			const { result } = renderHook(() =>
+				useLegendActions({
+					setFocusedSeriesIndex: setFocusedSeriesIndexMock,
+					focusedSeriesIndex: 0,
+				}),
+			);
+
+			result.current.onLegendMouseMove(createMouseEvent({ legendItemId: 1 }));
+
+			expect(setFocusedSeriesIndexMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(1);
+			expect(onFocusSeriesPlot).toHaveBeenCalledWith(1);
+		});
+
+		it('does nothing when hovering over already focused series', async () => {
+			const { result } = renderHook(() =>
+				useLegendActions({
+					setFocusedSeriesIndex: setFocusedSeriesIndexMock,
+					focusedSeriesIndex: 1,
+				}),
+			);
+
+			result.current.onLegendMouseMove(createMouseEvent({ legendItemId: 1 }));
+
+			expect(setFocusedSeriesIndexMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+			expect(onFocusSeriesPlot).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('onLegendMouseLeave', () => {
+		it('cancels pending animation frame and clears focus state', async () => {
+			const { result } = renderHook(() =>
+				useLegendActions({
+					setFocusedSeriesIndex: setFocusedSeriesIndexMock,
+					focusedSeriesIndex: null,
+				}),
+			);
+
+			result.current.onLegendMouseMove(createMouseEvent({ legendItemId: 0 }));
+			result.current.onLegendMouseLeave();
+
+			expect(cancelAnimationFrameSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+			expect(setFocusedSeriesIndexMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(null);
+			expect(onFocusSeriesPlot).toHaveBeenCalledWith(null);
+		});
+	});
+});

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/hooks/__tests__/useLegendsSync.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+import { act, cleanup, renderHook } from '@testing-library/react';
+import type { LegendItem } from 'lib/uPlotV2/config/types';
+import type { UPlotConfigBuilder } from 'lib/uPlotV2/config/UPlotConfigBuilder';
+import useLegendsSync from 'lib/uPlotV2/hooks/useLegendsSync';
+
+describe('useLegendsSync', () => {
+	let requestAnimationFrameSpy: jest.SpyInstance<
+		number,
+		[callback: FrameRequestCallback]
+	>;
+	let cancelAnimationFrameSpy: jest.SpyInstance<void, [handle: number]>;
+
+	beforeAll(() => {
+		requestAnimationFrameSpy = jest
+			.spyOn(global, 'requestAnimationFrame')
+			.mockImplementation((cb: FrameRequestCallback): number => {
+				cb(0);
+				return 1;
+			});
+
+		cancelAnimationFrameSpy = jest
+			.spyOn(global, 'cancelAnimationFrame')
+			.mockImplementation(() => {});
+	});
+
+	afterEach(() => {
+		jest.clearAllMocks();
+		cleanup();
+	});
+
+	afterAll(() => {
+		jest.restoreAllMocks();
+	});
+
+	const createMockConfig = (
+		legendItems: Record<number, LegendItem>,
+	): {
+		config: UPlotConfigBuilder;
+		invokeSetSeries: (
+			seriesIndex: number | null,
+			opts: { show?: boolean; focus?: boolean },
+			fireHook?: boolean,
+		) => void;
+	} => {
+		let setSeriesHandler:
+			| ((u: uPlot, seriesIndex: number | null, opts: uPlot.Series) => void)
+			| null = null;
+
+		const config = ({
+			getLegendItems: jest.fn(() => legendItems),
+			addHook: jest.fn(
+				(
+					hookName: string,
+					handler: (
+						u: uPlot,
+						seriesIndex: number | null,
+						opts: uPlot.Series,
+					) => void,
+				) => {
+					if (hookName === 'setSeries') {
+						setSeriesHandler = handler;
+					}
+
+					return (): void => {
+						setSeriesHandler = null;
+					};
+				},
+			),
+		} as unknown) as UPlotConfigBuilder;
+
+		const invokeSetSeries = (
+			seriesIndex: number | null,
+			opts: { show?: boolean; focus?: boolean },
+		): void => {
+			if (setSeriesHandler) {
+				setSeriesHandler({} as uPlot, seriesIndex, { ...opts });
+			}
+		};
+
+		return { config, invokeSetSeries };
+	};
+
+	it('initializes legend items from config', () => {
+		const initialItems: Record<number, LegendItem> = {
+			1: { seriesIndex: 1, label: 'CPU', show: true, color: '#f00' },
+			2: { seriesIndex: 2, label: 'Memory', show: false, color: '#0f0' },
+		};
+
+		const { config } = createMockConfig(initialItems);
+
+		const { result } = renderHook(() => useLegendsSync({ config }));
+
+		expect(config.getLegendItems).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+		expect(config.addHook).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+			'setSeries',
+			expect.any(Function),
+		);
+
+		expect(result.current.legendItemsMap).toEqual(initialItems);
+	});
+
+	it('updates focusedSeriesIndex when a series gains focus via setSeries by default', async () => {
+		const initialItems: Record<number, LegendItem> = {
+			1: { seriesIndex: 1, label: 'CPU', show: true, color: '#f00' },
+		};
+
+		const { config, invokeSetSeries } = createMockConfig(initialItems);
+
+		const { result } = renderHook(() => useLegendsSync({ config }));
+
+		expect(result.current.focusedSeriesIndex).toBeNull();
+
+		await act(async () => {
+			invokeSetSeries(1, { focus: true });
+		});
+
+		expect(result.current.focusedSeriesIndex).toBe(1);
+	});
+
+	it('does not update focusedSeriesIndex when subscribeToFocusChange is false', () => {
+		const initialItems: Record<number, LegendItem> = {
+			1: { seriesIndex: 1, label: 'CPU', show: true, color: '#f00' },
+		};
+
+		const { config, invokeSetSeries } = createMockConfig(initialItems);
+
+		const { result } = renderHook(() =>
+			useLegendsSync({ config, subscribeToFocusChange: false }),
+		);
+
+		invokeSetSeries(1, { focus: true });
+
+		expect(result.current.focusedSeriesIndex).toBeNull();
+	});
+
+	it('updates legendItemsMap visibility when show changes for a series', async () => {
+		const initialItems: Record<number, LegendItem> = {
+			0: { seriesIndex: 0, label: 'x-axis', show: true, color: '#000' },
+			1: { seriesIndex: 1, label: 'CPU', show: true, color: '#f00' },
+		};
+
+		const { config, invokeSetSeries } = createMockConfig(initialItems);
+
+		const { result } = renderHook(() => useLegendsSync({ config }));
+
+		// Toggle visibility of series 1
+		await act(async () => {
+			invokeSetSeries(1, { show: false });
+		});
+
+		expect(result.current.legendItemsMap[1].show).toBe(false);
+	});
+
+	it('ignores visibility updates for unknown legend items or unchanged show values', () => {
+		const initialItems: Record<number, LegendItem> = {
+			1: { seriesIndex: 1, label: 'CPU', show: true, color: '#f00' },
+		};
+
+		const { config, invokeSetSeries } = createMockConfig(initialItems);
+
+		const { result } = renderHook(() => useLegendsSync({ config }));
+
+		const before = result.current.legendItemsMap;
+
+		// Unknown series index
+		invokeSetSeries(5, { show: false });
+		// Unchanged visibility for existing item
+		invokeSetSeries(1, { show: true });
+
+		const after = result.current.legendItemsMap;
+		expect(after).toEqual(before);
+	});
+
+	it('cancels pending visibility RAF on unmount', () => {
+		const initialItems: Record<number, LegendItem> = {
+			1: { seriesIndex: 1, label: 'CPU', show: true, color: '#f00' },
+		};
+
+		const { config, invokeSetSeries } = createMockConfig(initialItems);
+
+		// Override RAF to not immediately invoke callback so we can assert cancellation
+		requestAnimationFrameSpy.mockImplementationOnce(() => 42);
+
+		const { unmount } = renderHook(() => useLegendsSync({ config }));
+
+		invokeSetSeries(1, { show: false });
+
+		unmount();
+
+		expect(cancelAnimationFrameSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(42);
+	});
+});

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/utils/__tests__/axis.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+import type uPlot from 'uplot';
+import { Axis } from 'uplot';
+
+import {
+	buildYAxisSizeCalculator,
+	calculateTextWidth,
+	getExistingAxisSize,
+} from '../axis';
+
+describe('axis utils', () => {
+	describe('calculateTextWidth', () => {
+		it('returns 0 when values are undefined or empty', () => {
+			const mockSelf = ({
+				ctx: {
+					measureText: jest.fn(),
+					font: '',
+				},
+			} as unknown) as uPlot;
+
+			// internally the type is string but it is an array of strings
+			const mockAxis: Axis = { font: (['12px sans-serif'] as unknown) as string };
+
+			expect(calculateTextWidth(mockSelf, mockAxis, undefined)).toBe(0);
+			expect(calculateTextWidth(mockSelf, mockAxis, [])).toBe(0);
+		});
+
+		it('returns 0 when longest value is empty string or axis has no usable font', () => {
+			const mockSelf = ({
+				ctx: {
+					measureText: jest.fn(),
+					font: '',
+				},
+			} as unknown) as uPlot;
+
+			const axisWithoutFont: Axis = { font: '' };
+			const axisWithEmptyFontArray: Axis = { font: '' };
+
+			expect(calculateTextWidth(mockSelf, axisWithoutFont, [''])).toBe(0);
+			expect(
+				calculateTextWidth(mockSelf, axisWithEmptyFontArray, ['a', 'bb']),
+			).toBe(0);
+		});
+
+		it('measures longest value using canvas context and axis font', () => {
+			const measureText = jest.fn(() => ({ width: 100 }));
+			const mockSelf = ({
+				ctx: {
+					font: '',
+					measureText,
+				},
+			} as unknown) as uPlot;
+
+			const mockAxis: Axis = { font: (['14px Arial'] as unknown) as string };
+			const values = ['1', '1234', '12'];
+			const dpr =
+				((global as unknown) as { devicePixelRatio?: number }).devicePixelRatio ??
+				1;
+
+			const result = calculateTextWidth(mockSelf, mockAxis, values);
+
+			expect(measureText).toHaveBeenCalledWith('1234');
+			expect(mockSelf.ctx.font).toBe('14px Arial');
+			expect(result).toBe(100 / dpr);
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('getExistingAxisSize', () => {
+		it('returns internal _size when present', () => {
+			const axis: any = {
+				_size: 42,
+				size: 10,
+			};
+
+			const result = getExistingAxisSize({
+				uplotInstance: ({} as unknown) as uPlot,
+				axis,
+				axisIdx: 0,
+				cycleNum: 0,
+			});
+
+			expect(result).toBe(42);
+		});
+
+		it('invokes size function when _size is not set', () => {
+			const sizeFn = jest.fn(() => 24);
+			const axis: Axis = { size: sizeFn };
+			const instance = ({} as unknown) as uPlot;
+
+			const result = getExistingAxisSize({
+				uplotInstance: instance,
+				axis,
+				values: ['10', '20'],
+				axisIdx: 1,
+				cycleNum: 2,
+			});
+
+			expect(sizeFn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(instance, ['10', '20'], 1, 2);
+			expect(result).toBe(24);
+		});
+
+		it('returns numeric size or 0 when neither _size nor size are provided', () => {
+			const axisWithSize: Axis = { size: 16 };
+			const axisWithoutSize: Axis = {};
+			const instance = ({} as unknown) as uPlot;
+
+			expect(
+				getExistingAxisSize({
+					uplotInstance: instance,
+					axis: axisWithSize,
+					axisIdx: 0,
+					cycleNum: 0,
+				}),
+			).toBe(16);
+
+			expect(
+				getExistingAxisSize({
+					uplotInstance: instance,
+					axis: axisWithoutSize,
+					axisIdx: 0,
+					cycleNum: 0,
+				}),
+			).toBe(0);
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('buildYAxisSizeCalculator', () => {
+		it('delegates to getExistingAxisSize when cycleNum > 1', () => {
+			const sizeCalculator = buildYAxisSizeCalculator(5);
+
+			const axis: any = {
+				_size: 80,
+				ticks: { size: 10 },
+				font: ['12px sans-serif'],
+			};
+
+			const measureText = jest.fn(() => ({ width: 60 }));
+			const self = ({
+				axes: [axis],
+				ctx: {
+					font: '',
+					measureText,
+				},
+			} as unknown) as uPlot;
+
+			if (typeof sizeCalculator === 'number') {
+				throw new Error('Size calculator is a number');
+			}
+
+			const result = sizeCalculator(self, ['10', '20'], 0, 2);
+
+			expect(result).toBe(80);
+			expect(measureText).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+		});
+
+		it('computes size from ticks, gap and text width when cycleNum <= 1', () => {
+			const gap = 7;
+			const sizeCalculator = buildYAxisSizeCalculator(gap);
+
+			const axis: Axis = {
+				ticks: { size: 12 },
+				font: (['12px sans-serif'] as unknown) as string,
+			};
+
+			const measureText = jest.fn(() => ({ width: 50 }));
+			const self = ({
+				axes: [axis],
+				ctx: {
+					font: '',
+					measureText,
+				},
+			} as unknown) as uPlot;
+
+			const dpr =
+				((global as unknown) as { devicePixelRatio?: number }).devicePixelRatio ??
+				1;
+			const expected = Math.ceil(12 + gap + 50 / dpr);
+
+			if (typeof sizeCalculator === 'number') {
+				throw new Error('Size calculator is a number');
+			}
+
+			const result = sizeCalculator(self, ['short', 'the-longest'], 0, 0);
+			expect(measureText).toHaveBeenCalledWith('the-longest');
+			expect(result).toBe(expected);
+		});
+
+		it('uses 0 ticks size when ticks are not defined', () => {
+			const gap = 4;
+			const sizeCalculator = buildYAxisSizeCalculator(gap);
+
+			const axis: Axis = {
+				font: (['12px sans-serif'] as unknown) as string,
+			};
+
+			const measureText = jest.fn(() => ({ width: 40 }));
+			const self = ({
+				axes: [axis],
+				ctx: {
+					font: '',
+					measureText,
+				},
+			} as unknown) as uPlot;
+
+			const dpr =
+				((global as unknown) as { devicePixelRatio?: number }).devicePixelRatio ??
+				1;
+			const expected = Math.ceil(gap + 40 / dpr);
+
+			if (typeof sizeCalculator === 'number') {
+				throw new Error('Size calculator is a number');
+			}
+
+			const result = sizeCalculator(self, ['1', '123'], 0, 1);
+
+			expect(result).toBe(expected);
+		});
+	});
+});

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/utils/axis.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+import { Axis } from 'uplot';
+
+/**
+ * Calculate text width for longest value
+ */
+export function calculateTextWidth(
+	self: uPlot,
+	axis: Axis,
+	values: string[] | undefined,
+): number {
+	if (!values || values.length === 0) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	// Find longest value
+	const longestVal = values.reduce(
+		(acc, val) => (val.length > acc.length ? val : acc),
+		'',
+	);
+
+	if (longestVal === '' || !axis.font?.[0]) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	self.ctx.font = axis.font[0];
+	return self.ctx.measureText(longestVal).width / devicePixelRatio;
+}
+
+export function getExistingAxisSize({
+	uplotInstance,
+	axis,
+	values,
+	axisIdx,
+	cycleNum,
+}: {
+	uplotInstance: uPlot;
+	axis: Axis;
+	values?: string[];
+	axisIdx: number;
+	cycleNum: number;
+}): number {
+	const internalSize = (axis as { _size?: number })._size;
+	if (internalSize !== undefined) {
+		return internalSize;
+	}
+
+	const existingSize = axis.size;
+	if (typeof existingSize === 'function') {
+		return existingSize(uplotInstance, values ?? [], axisIdx, cycleNum);
+	}
+
+	return existingSize ?? 0;
+}
+
+export function buildYAxisSizeCalculator(gap: number): uPlot.Axis.Size {
+	return (
+		self: uPlot,
+		values: string[] | undefined,
+		axisIdx: number,
+		cycleNum: number,
+	): number => {
+		const axis = self.axes[axisIdx];
+
+		// Bail out, force convergence
+		if (cycleNum > 1) {
+			return getExistingAxisSize({
+				uplotInstance: self,
+				axis,
+				values,
+				axisIdx,
+				cycleNum,
+			});
+		}
+
+		let axisSize = (axis.ticks?.size ?? 0) + gap;
+		axisSize += calculateTextWidth(self, axis, values);
+
+		return Math.ceil(axisSize);
+	};
+}

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/utils/seriesVisibility.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,25 @@
-export function resolveSeriesVisibility(
-	label: string,
-	seriesShow: boolean | undefined | null,
-	visibilityMap: Map<string, boolean> | null,
-	isAnySeriesHidden: boolean,
-): boolean {
-	if (isAnySeriesHidden) {
-		return visibilityMap?.get(label) ?? false;
+import { SeriesVisibilityState } from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/types';
+
+export function resolveSeriesVisibility({
+	seriesIndex,
+	seriesShow,
+	seriesLabel,
+	seriesVisibilityState,
+	isAnySeriesHidden,
+}: {
+	seriesIndex: number;
+	seriesShow: boolean | undefined | null;
+	seriesLabel: string;
+	seriesVisibilityState: SeriesVisibilityState | null;
+	isAnySeriesHidden: boolean;
+}): boolean {
+	if (
+		isAnySeriesHidden &&
+		seriesVisibilityState?.visibility &&
+		seriesVisibilityState.labels.length > seriesIndex &&
+		seriesVisibilityState.labels[seriesIndex] === seriesLabel
+	) {
+		return seriesVisibilityState.visibility[seriesIndex] ?? false;
 	}
 	return seriesShow ?? true;
 }

frontend/src/providers/Dashboard/Dashboard.tsx

@@ -84,8 +84,6 @@ const DashboardContext = createContext<IDashboardContext>({
 	toScrollWidgetId: '',
 	setToScrollWidgetId: () => {},
 	updateLocalStorageDashboardVariables: () => {},
-	variablesToGetUpdated: [],
-	setVariablesToGetUpdated: () => {},
 	dashboardQueryRangeCalled: false,
 	setDashboardQueryRangeCalled: () => {},
 	selectedRowWidgetId: '',
@@ -183,10 +181,6 @@ export function DashboardProvider({
 		exact: true,
 	});
 
-	const [variablesToGetUpdated, setVariablesToGetUpdated] = useState<string[]>(
-		[],
-	);
-
 	const [layouts, setLayouts] = useState<Layout[]>([]);
 
 	const [panelMap, setPanelMap] = useState<
@@ -517,8 +511,6 @@ export function DashboardProvider({
 			updatedTimeRef,
 			setToScrollWidgetId,
 			updateLocalStorageDashboardVariables,
-			variablesToGetUpdated,
-			setVariablesToGetUpdated,
 			dashboardQueryRangeCalled,
 			setDashboardQueryRangeCalled,
 			selectedRowWidgetId,
@@ -541,8 +533,6 @@ export function DashboardProvider({
 			toScrollWidgetId,
 			updateLocalStorageDashboardVariables,
 			currentDashboard,
-			variablesToGetUpdated,
-			setVariablesToGetUpdated,
 			dashboardQueryRangeCalled,
 			setDashboardQueryRangeCalled,
 			selectedRowWidgetId,

frontend/src/providers/Dashboard/store/__tests__/variableFetchStore.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,527 @@
+import * as dashboardVariablesStore from '../dashboardVariables/dashboardVariablesStore';
+import { IDependencyData } from '../dashboardVariables/dashboardVariablesStoreTypes';
+import {
+	enqueueDescendantsOfVariable,
+	enqueueFetchOfAllVariables,
+	initializeVariableFetchStore,
+	onVariableFetchComplete,
+	onVariableFetchFailure,
+	VariableFetchContext,
+	variableFetchStore,
+} from '../variableFetchStore';
+
+const getVariableDependencyContextSpy = jest.spyOn(
+	dashboardVariablesStore,
+	'getVariableDependencyContext',
+);
+
+function resetStore(): void {
+	variableFetchStore.set(() => ({
+		states: {},
+		lastUpdated: {},
+		cycleIds: {},
+	}));
+}
+
+function mockContext(overrides: Partial<VariableFetchContext> = {}): void {
+	getVariableDependencyContextSpy.mockReturnValue({
+		doAllVariablesHaveValuesSelected: false,
+		variableTypes: {},
+		dynamicVariableOrder: [],
+		dependencyData: null,
+		...overrides,
+	});
+}
+
+/**
+ * Helper to build a dependency data object for tests.
+ * Only the fields used by the store actions are required.
+ */
+function buildDependencyData(
+	overrides: Partial<IDependencyData> = {},
+): IDependencyData {
+	return {
+		order: [],
+		graph: {},
+		parentDependencyGraph: {},
+		transitiveDescendants: {},
+		hasCycle: false,
+		...overrides,
+	};
+}
+
+describe('variableFetchStore', () => {
+	beforeEach(() => {
+		resetStore();
+		jest.clearAllMocks();
+	});
+
+	// ==================== initializeVariableFetchStore ====================
+
+	describe('initializeVariableFetchStore', () => {
+		it('should initialize new variables to idle', () => {
+			initializeVariableFetchStore(['a', 'b', 'c']);
+
+			const storeSnapshot = variableFetchStore.getSnapshot();
+			expect(storeSnapshot.states).toEqual({ a: 'idle', b: 'idle', c: 'idle' });
+		});
+
+		it('should preserve existing states for known variables', () => {
+			// Pre-set a state
+			variableFetchStore.update((d) => {
+				d.states.a = 'loading';
+			});
+
+			initializeVariableFetchStore(['a', 'b']);
+
+			const storeSnapshot = variableFetchStore.getSnapshot();
+			expect(storeSnapshot.states.a).toBe('loading');
+			expect(storeSnapshot.states.b).toBe('idle');
+		});
+
+		it('should clean up stale variables that no longer exist', () => {
+			variableFetchStore.update((d) => {
+				d.states.old = 'idle';
+				d.lastUpdated.old = 100;
+				d.cycleIds.old = 3;
+			});
+
+			initializeVariableFetchStore(['a']);
+
+			const storeSnapshot = variableFetchStore.getSnapshot();
+			expect(storeSnapshot.states.old).toBeUndefined();
+			expect(storeSnapshot.lastUpdated.old).toBeUndefined();
+			expect(storeSnapshot.cycleIds.old).toBeUndefined();
+			expect(storeSnapshot.states.a).toBe('idle');
+		});
+
+		it('should handle empty variable names array', () => {
+			variableFetchStore.update((d) => {
+				d.states.a = 'idle';
+			});
+
+			initializeVariableFetchStore([]);
+
+			const storeSnapshot = variableFetchStore.getSnapshot();
+			expect(storeSnapshot.states).toEqual({});
+		});
+	});
+
+	// ==================== enqueueFetchOfAllVariables ====================
+
+	describe('enqueueFetchOfAllVariables', () => {
+		it('should no-op when dependencyData is null', () => {
+			mockContext({ dependencyData: null });
+
+			initializeVariableFetchStore(['a']);
+			enqueueFetchOfAllVariables();
+
+			expect(variableFetchStore.getSnapshot().states.a).toBe('idle');
+		});
+
+		it('should set root query variables to loading and dependent ones to waiting', () => {
+			// a is root (no parents), b depends on a
+			mockContext({
+				dependencyData: buildDependencyData({
+					order: ['a', 'b'],
+					parentDependencyGraph: { a: [], b: ['a'] },
+				}),
+				variableTypes: { a: 'QUERY', b: 'QUERY' },
+			});
+
+			initializeVariableFetchStore(['a', 'b']);
+			enqueueFetchOfAllVariables();
+
+			const storeSnapshot = variableFetchStore.getSnapshot();
+			expect(storeSnapshot.states.a).toBe('loading');
+			expect(storeSnapshot.states.b).toBe('waiting');
+		});
+
+		it('should set root query variables to revalidating when previously fetched', () => {
+			mockContext({
+				dependencyData: buildDependencyData({
+					order: ['a'],
+					parentDependencyGraph: { a: [] },
+				}),
+				variableTypes: { a: 'QUERY' },
+			});
+
+			// Pre-set lastUpdated so it appears previously fetched
+			variableFetchStore.update((d) => {
+				d.lastUpdated.a = 1000;
+			});
+
+			initializeVariableFetchStore(['a']);
+			enqueueFetchOfAllVariables();
+
+			const storeSnapshot = variableFetchStore.getSnapshot();
+			expect(storeSnapshot.states.a).toBe('revalidating');
+		});
+
+		it('should bump cycle IDs for all enqueued variables', () => {
+			mockContext({
+				dependencyData: buildDependencyData({
+					order: ['a', 'b'],
+					parentDependencyGraph: { a: [], b: ['a'] },
+				}),
+				variableTypes: { a: 'QUERY', b: 'QUERY' },
+			});
+
+			initializeVariableFetchStore(['a', 'b']);
+			enqueueFetchOfAllVariables();
+
+			const storeSnapshot = variableFetchStore.getSnapshot();
+			expect(storeSnapshot.cycleIds.a).toBe(1);
+			expect(storeSnapshot.cycleIds.b).toBe(1);
+		});
+
+		it('should set dynamic variables to waiting when not all variables have values', () => {
+			mockContext({
+				doAllVariablesHaveValuesSelected: false,
+				dependencyData: buildDependencyData({ order: [] }),
+				variableTypes: { dyn1: 'DYNAMIC' },
+				dynamicVariableOrder: ['dyn1'],
+			});
+
+			initializeVariableFetchStore(['dyn1']);
+			enqueueFetchOfAllVariables();
+
+			const storeSnapshot = variableFetchStore.getSnapshot();
+			expect(storeSnapshot.states.dyn1).toBe('waiting');
+		});
+
+		it('should set dynamic variables to loading when all variables have values', () => {
+			mockContext({
+				doAllVariablesHaveValuesSelected: true,
+				dependencyData: buildDependencyData({ order: [] }),
+				variableTypes: { dyn1: 'DYNAMIC' },
+				dynamicVariableOrder: ['dyn1'],
+			});
+
+			initializeVariableFetchStore(['dyn1']);
+			enqueueFetchOfAllVariables();
+
+			const storeSnapshot = variableFetchStore.getSnapshot();
+			expect(storeSnapshot.states.dyn1).toBe('loading');
+		});
+
+		it('should not treat non-QUERY parents as query parents', () => {
+			// b has a CUSTOM parent — shouldn't cause waiting
+			mockContext({
+				dependencyData: buildDependencyData({
+					order: ['b'],
+					parentDependencyGraph: { b: ['customVar'] },
+				}),
+				variableTypes: { b: 'QUERY', customVar: 'CUSTOM' },
+			});
+
+			initializeVariableFetchStore(['b', 'customVar']);
+			enqueueFetchOfAllVariables();
+
+			const storeSnapshot = variableFetchStore.getSnapshot();
+			expect(storeSnapshot.states.b).toBe('loading');
+		});
+	});
+
+	// ==================== onVariableFetchComplete ====================
+
+	describe('onVariableFetchComplete', () => {
+		it('should set the completed variable to idle with a lastUpdated timestamp', () => {
+			mockContext();
+
+			variableFetchStore.update((d) => {
+				d.states.a = 'loading';
+			});
+
+			const before = Date.now();
+			onVariableFetchComplete('a');
+			const after = Date.now();
+
+			const storeSnapshot = variableFetchStore.getSnapshot();
+			expect(storeSnapshot.states.a).toBe('idle');
+			expect(storeSnapshot.lastUpdated.a).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(before);
+			expect(storeSnapshot.lastUpdated.a).toBeLessThanOrEqual(after);
+		});
+
+		it('should unblock waiting query-type children', () => {
+			mockContext({
+				dependencyData: buildDependencyData({
+					graph: { a: ['b'] },
+				}),
+				variableTypes: { a: 'QUERY', b: 'QUERY' },
+			});
+
+			variableFetchStore.update((d) => {
+				d.states.a = 'loading';
+				d.states.b = 'waiting';
+			});
+
+			onVariableFetchComplete('a');
+
+			const storeSnapshot = variableFetchStore.getSnapshot();
+			expect(storeSnapshot.states.a).toBe('idle');
+			expect(storeSnapshot.states.b).toBe('loading');
+		});
+
+		it('should not unblock non-QUERY children', () => {
+			mockContext({
+				dependencyData: buildDependencyData({
+					graph: { a: ['dyn1'] },
+				}),
+				variableTypes: { a: 'QUERY', dyn1: 'DYNAMIC' },
+			});
+
+			variableFetchStore.update((d) => {
+				d.states.a = 'loading';
+				d.states.dyn1 = 'waiting';
+			});
+
+			onVariableFetchComplete('a');
+
+			const storeSnapshot = variableFetchStore.getSnapshot();
+			// dyn1 is DYNAMIC, not QUERY, so it should remain waiting
+			expect(storeSnapshot.states.dyn1).toBe('waiting');
+		});
+
+		it('should unlock waiting dynamic variables when all query variables are settled', () => {
+			mockContext({
+				dependencyData: buildDependencyData({
+					graph: { a: [] },
+				}),
+				variableTypes: { a: 'QUERY', dyn1: 'DYNAMIC' },
+				dynamicVariableOrder: ['dyn1'],
+			});
+
+			variableFetchStore.update((d) => {
+				d.states.a = 'loading';
+				d.states.dyn1 = 'waiting';
+			});
+
+			onVariableFetchComplete('a');
+
+			const storeSnapshot = variableFetchStore.getSnapshot();
+			expect(storeSnapshot.states.dyn1).toBe('loading');
+		});
+
+		it('should NOT unlock dynamic variables if a query variable is still in-flight', () => {
+			mockContext({
+				dependencyData: buildDependencyData({
+					graph: { a: ['b'] },
+				}),
+				variableTypes: { a: 'QUERY', b: 'QUERY', dyn1: 'DYNAMIC' },
+				dynamicVariableOrder: ['dyn1'],
+			});
+
+			variableFetchStore.update((d) => {
+				d.states.a = 'loading';
+				d.states.b = 'waiting';
+				d.states.dyn1 = 'waiting';
+			});
+
+			onVariableFetchComplete('a');
+
+			const storeSnapshot = variableFetchStore.getSnapshot();
+			expect(storeSnapshot.states.dyn1).toBe('waiting');
+		});
+	});
+
+	// ==================== onVariableFetchFailure ====================
+
+	describe('onVariableFetchFailure', () => {
+		it('should set the failed variable to error', () => {
+			mockContext();
+
+			variableFetchStore.update((d) => {
+				d.states.a = 'loading';
+			});
+
+			onVariableFetchFailure('a');
+
+			const storeSnapshot = variableFetchStore.getSnapshot();
+			expect(storeSnapshot.states.a).toBe('error');
+		});
+
+		it('should set query-type transitive descendants to idle', () => {
+			mockContext({
+				dependencyData: buildDependencyData({
+					transitiveDescendants: { a: ['b', 'c'] },
+				}),
+				variableTypes: { a: 'QUERY', b: 'QUERY', c: 'QUERY' },
+			});
+
+			variableFetchStore.update((d) => {
+				d.states.a = 'loading';
+				d.states.b = 'waiting';
+				d.states.c = 'waiting';
+			});
+
+			onVariableFetchFailure('a');
+
+			const storeSnapshot = variableFetchStore.getSnapshot();
+			expect(storeSnapshot.states.a).toBe('error');
+			expect(storeSnapshot.states.b).toBe('idle');
+			expect(storeSnapshot.states.c).toBe('idle');
+		});
+
+		it('should not touch non-QUERY descendants', () => {
+			mockContext({
+				dependencyData: buildDependencyData({
+					transitiveDescendants: { a: ['dyn1'] },
+				}),
+				variableTypes: { a: 'QUERY', dyn1: 'DYNAMIC' },
+			});
+
+			variableFetchStore.update((d) => {
+				d.states.a = 'loading';
+				d.states.dyn1 = 'waiting';
+			});
+
+			onVariableFetchFailure('a');
+
+			expect(variableFetchStore.getSnapshot().states.dyn1).toBe('waiting');
+		});
+
+		it('should unlock waiting dynamic variables when all query variables settle via error', () => {
+			mockContext({
+				dependencyData: buildDependencyData({
+					transitiveDescendants: {},
+				}),
+				variableTypes: { a: 'QUERY', dyn1: 'DYNAMIC' },
+				dynamicVariableOrder: ['dyn1'],
+			});
+
+			variableFetchStore.update((d) => {
+				d.states.a = 'loading';
+				d.states.dyn1 = 'waiting';
+			});
+
+			onVariableFetchFailure('a');
+
+			expect(variableFetchStore.getSnapshot().states.dyn1).toBe('loading');
+		});
+	});
+
+	// ==================== enqueueDescendantsOfVariable ====================
+
+	describe('enqueueDescendantsOfVariable', () => {
+		it('should no-op when dependencyData is null', () => {
+			mockContext({ dependencyData: null });
+
+			variableFetchStore.update((d) => {
+				d.states.a = 'idle';
+				d.states.b = 'idle';
+			});
+
+			enqueueDescendantsOfVariable('a');
+
+			expect(variableFetchStore.getSnapshot().states.b).toBe('idle');
+		});
+
+		it('should enqueue query-type descendants with all parents settled', () => {
+			mockContext({
+				dependencyData: buildDependencyData({
+					transitiveDescendants: { a: ['b'] },
+					parentDependencyGraph: { b: ['a'] },
+				}),
+				variableTypes: { a: 'QUERY', b: 'QUERY' },
+			});
+
+			variableFetchStore.update((d) => {
+				d.states.a = 'idle';
+				d.states.b = 'idle';
+			});
+
+			enqueueDescendantsOfVariable('a');
+
+			const storeSnapshot = variableFetchStore.getSnapshot();
+			expect(storeSnapshot.states.b).toBe('loading');
+			expect(storeSnapshot.cycleIds.b).toBe(1);
+		});
+
+		it('should set descendants to waiting when some parents are not settled', () => {
+			// b depends on both a and c; c is still loading
+			mockContext({
+				dependencyData: buildDependencyData({
+					transitiveDescendants: { a: ['b'] },
+					parentDependencyGraph: { b: ['a', 'c'] },
+				}),
+				variableTypes: { a: 'QUERY', b: 'QUERY', c: 'QUERY' },
+			});
+
+			variableFetchStore.update((d) => {
+				d.states.a = 'idle';
+				d.states.b = 'idle';
+				d.states.c = 'loading';
+			});
+
+			enqueueDescendantsOfVariable('a');
+
+			expect(variableFetchStore.getSnapshot().states.b).toBe('waiting');
+		});
+
+		it('should skip non-QUERY descendants', () => {
+			mockContext({
+				dependencyData: buildDependencyData({
+					transitiveDescendants: { a: ['dyn1'] },
+					parentDependencyGraph: {},
+				}),
+				variableTypes: { a: 'QUERY', dyn1: 'DYNAMIC' },
+			});
+
+			variableFetchStore.update((d) => {
+				d.states.a = 'idle';
+				d.states.dyn1 = 'idle';
+			});
+
+			enqueueDescendantsOfVariable('a');
+
+			// dyn1 is DYNAMIC, so it should not be touched
+			expect(variableFetchStore.getSnapshot().states.dyn1).toBe('idle');
+		});
+
+		it('should handle chain of descendants: a -> b -> c', () => {
+			// a -> b -> c, all QUERY
+			mockContext({
+				dependencyData: buildDependencyData({
+					transitiveDescendants: { a: ['b', 'c'] },
+					parentDependencyGraph: { b: ['a'], c: ['b'] },
+				}),
+				variableTypes: { a: 'QUERY', b: 'QUERY', c: 'QUERY' },
+			});
+
+			variableFetchStore.update((d) => {
+				d.states.a = 'idle';
+				d.states.b = 'idle';
+				d.states.c = 'idle';
+			});
+
+			enqueueDescendantsOfVariable('a');
+
+			const storeSnapshot = variableFetchStore.getSnapshot();
+			// b's parent (a) is idle/settled → loading
+			expect(storeSnapshot.states.b).toBe('loading');
+			// c's parent (b) just moved to loading (not settled) → waiting
+			expect(storeSnapshot.states.c).toBe('waiting');
+		});
+
+		it('should set descendants to revalidating when previously fetched', () => {
+			mockContext({
+				dependencyData: buildDependencyData({
+					transitiveDescendants: { a: ['b'] },
+					parentDependencyGraph: { b: ['a'] },
+				}),
+				variableTypes: { a: 'QUERY', b: 'QUERY' },
+			});
+
+			variableFetchStore.update((d) => {
+				d.states.a = 'idle';
+				d.states.b = 'idle';
+				d.lastUpdated.b = 1000;
+			});
+
+			enqueueDescendantsOfVariable('a');
+
+			expect(variableFetchStore.getSnapshot().states.b).toBe('revalidating');
+		});
+	});
+});

frontend/src/providers/Dashboard/store/__tests__/variableFetchStoreUtils.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+import {
+	IVariableFetchStoreState,
+	VariableFetchState,
+} from '../variableFetchStore';
+import {
+	areAllQueryVariablesSettled,
+	isSettled,
+	resolveFetchState,
+	unlockWaitingDynamicVariables,
+} from '../variableFetchStoreUtils';
+
+describe('variableFetchStoreUtils', () => {
+	describe('isSettled', () => {
+		it('should return true for idle state', () => {
+			expect(isSettled('idle')).toBe(true);
+		});
+
+		it('should return true for error state', () => {
+			expect(isSettled('error')).toBe(true);
+		});
+
+		it('should return false for loading state', () => {
+			expect(isSettled('loading')).toBe(false);
+		});
+
+		it('should return false for revalidating state', () => {
+			expect(isSettled('revalidating')).toBe(false);
+		});
+
+		it('should return false for waiting state', () => {
+			expect(isSettled('waiting')).toBe(false);
+		});
+
+		it('should return false for undefined', () => {
+			expect(isSettled(undefined)).toBe(false);
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('resolveFetchState', () => {
+		it('should return "loading" when variable has never been fetched', () => {
+			const draft: IVariableFetchStoreState = {
+				states: {},
+				lastUpdated: {},
+				cycleIds: {},
+			};
+
+			expect(resolveFetchState(draft, 'myVar')).toBe('loading');
+		});
+
+		it('should return "loading" when lastUpdated is 0', () => {
+			const draft: IVariableFetchStoreState = {
+				states: {},
+				lastUpdated: { myVar: 0 },
+				cycleIds: {},
+			};
+
+			expect(resolveFetchState(draft, 'myVar')).toBe('loading');
+		});
+
+		it('should return "revalidating" when variable has been fetched before', () => {
+			const draft: IVariableFetchStoreState = {
+				states: {},
+				lastUpdated: { myVar: 1000 },
+				cycleIds: {},
+			};
+
+			expect(resolveFetchState(draft, 'myVar')).toBe('revalidating');
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('areAllQueryVariablesSettled', () => {
+		it('should return true when all query variables are idle', () => {
+			const states: Record<string, VariableFetchState> = {
+				a: 'idle',
+				b: 'idle',
+			};
+			const variableTypes = { a: 'QUERY' as const, b: 'QUERY' as const };
+
+			expect(areAllQueryVariablesSettled(states, variableTypes)).toBe(true);
+		});
+
+		it('should return true when all query variables are in error', () => {
+			const states: Record<string, VariableFetchState> = {
+				a: 'error',
+				b: 'error',
+			};
+			const variableTypes = { a: 'QUERY' as const, b: 'QUERY' as const };
+
+			expect(areAllQueryVariablesSettled(states, variableTypes)).toBe(true);
+		});
+
+		it('should return true with a mix of idle and error query variables', () => {
+			const states: Record<string, VariableFetchState> = {
+				a: 'idle',
+				b: 'error',
+			};
+			const variableTypes = { a: 'QUERY' as const, b: 'QUERY' as const };
+
+			expect(areAllQueryVariablesSettled(states, variableTypes)).toBe(true);
+		});
+
+		it('should return false when any query variable is loading', () => {
+			const states: Record<string, VariableFetchState> = {
+				a: 'idle',
+				b: 'loading',
+			};
+			const variableTypes = { a: 'QUERY' as const, b: 'QUERY' as const };
+
+			expect(areAllQueryVariablesSettled(states, variableTypes)).toBe(false);
+		});
+
+		it('should return false when any query variable is waiting', () => {
+			const states: Record<string, VariableFetchState> = {
+				a: 'idle',
+				b: 'waiting',
+			};
+			const variableTypes = { a: 'QUERY' as const, b: 'QUERY' as const };
+
+			expect(areAllQueryVariablesSettled(states, variableTypes)).toBe(false);
+		});
+
+		it('should ignore non-QUERY variable types', () => {
+			const states: Record<string, VariableFetchState> = {
+				a: 'idle',
+				dynVar: 'loading',
+			};
+			const variableTypes = {
+				a: 'QUERY' as const,
+				dynVar: 'DYNAMIC' as const,
+			};
+
+			expect(areAllQueryVariablesSettled(states, variableTypes)).toBe(true);
+		});
+
+		it('should return true when there are no QUERY variables', () => {
+			const states: Record<string, VariableFetchState> = {
+				dynVar: 'loading',
+			};
+			const variableTypes = { dynVar: 'DYNAMIC' as const };
+
+			expect(areAllQueryVariablesSettled(states, variableTypes)).toBe(true);
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('unlockWaitingDynamicVariables', () => {
+		it('should transition waiting dynamic variables to loading when never fetched', () => {
+			const draft: IVariableFetchStoreState = {
+				states: { dyn1: 'waiting', dyn2: 'waiting' },
+				lastUpdated: {},
+				cycleIds: {},
+			};
+
+			unlockWaitingDynamicVariables(draft, ['dyn1', 'dyn2']);
+
+			expect(draft.states.dyn1).toBe('loading');
+			expect(draft.states.dyn2).toBe('loading');
+		});
+
+		it('should transition waiting dynamic variables to revalidating when previously fetched', () => {
+			const draft: IVariableFetchStoreState = {
+				states: { dyn1: 'waiting' },
+				lastUpdated: { dyn1: 1000 },
+				cycleIds: {},
+			};
+
+			unlockWaitingDynamicVariables(draft, ['dyn1']);
+
+			expect(draft.states.dyn1).toBe('revalidating');
+		});
+
+		it('should not touch dynamic variables that are not in waiting state', () => {
+			const draft: IVariableFetchStoreState = {
+				states: { dyn1: 'idle', dyn2: 'loading' },
+				lastUpdated: {},
+				cycleIds: {},
+			};
+
+			unlockWaitingDynamicVariables(draft, ['dyn1', 'dyn2']);
+
+			expect(draft.states.dyn1).toBe('idle');
+			expect(draft.states.dyn2).toBe('loading');
+		});
+
+		it('should handle empty dynamic variable order', () => {
+			const draft: IVariableFetchStoreState = {
+				states: { dyn1: 'waiting' },
+				lastUpdated: {},
+				cycleIds: {},
+			};
+
+			unlockWaitingDynamicVariables(draft, []);
+
+			expect(draft.states.dyn1).toBe('waiting');
+		});
+	});
+});

frontend/src/providers/Dashboard/store/dashboardVariables/__tests__/dashboardVariablesStore.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+import { IDashboardVariable } from 'types/api/dashboard/getAll';
+
+import {
+	dashboardVariablesStore,
+	getVariableDependencyContext,
+	setDashboardVariablesStore,
+	updateDashboardVariablesStore,
+} from '../dashboardVariablesStore';
+import { IDashboardVariables } from '../dashboardVariablesStoreTypes';
+
+function createVariable(
+	overrides: Partial<IDashboardVariable> = {},
+): IDashboardVariable {
+	return {
+		id: 'test-id',
+		name: 'test-var',
+		description: '',
+		type: 'QUERY',
+		sort: 'DISABLED',
+		showALLOption: false,
+		multiSelect: false,
+		order: 0,
+		...overrides,
+	};
+}
+
+function resetStore(): void {
+	dashboardVariablesStore.set(() => ({
+		dashboardId: '',
+		variables: {},
+		sortedVariablesArray: [],
+		dependencyData: null,
+		variableTypes: {},
+		dynamicVariableOrder: [],
+	}));
+}
+
+describe('dashboardVariablesStore', () => {
+	beforeEach(() => {
+		resetStore();
+	});
+
+	describe('setDashboardVariablesStore', () => {
+		it('should set the dashboard variables and compute derived values', () => {
+			const variables: IDashboardVariables = {
+				env: createVariable({ name: 'env', type: 'QUERY', order: 0 }),
+			};
+
+			setDashboardVariablesStore({ dashboardId: 'dash-1', variables });
+
+			const storeSnapshot = dashboardVariablesStore.getSnapshot();
+			expect(storeSnapshot.dashboardId).toBe('dash-1');
+			expect(storeSnapshot.variables).toEqual(variables);
+			expect(storeSnapshot.variableTypes).toEqual({ env: 'QUERY' });
+			expect(storeSnapshot.sortedVariablesArray).toHaveLength(1);
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('updateDashboardVariablesStore', () => {
+		it('should update variables and recompute derived values', () => {
+			setDashboardVariablesStore({
+				dashboardId: 'dash-1',
+				variables: {
+					env: createVariable({ name: 'env', type: 'QUERY', order: 0 }),
+				},
+			});
+
+			const updatedVariables: IDashboardVariables = {
+				env: createVariable({ name: 'env', type: 'QUERY', order: 0 }),
+				dyn1: createVariable({ name: 'dyn1', type: 'DYNAMIC', order: 1 }),
+			};
+
+			updateDashboardVariablesStore({
+				dashboardId: 'dash-1',
+				variables: updatedVariables,
+			});
+
+			const storeSnapshot = dashboardVariablesStore.getSnapshot();
+			expect(storeSnapshot.variableTypes).toEqual({
+				env: 'QUERY',
+				dyn1: 'DYNAMIC',
+			});
+			expect(storeSnapshot.dynamicVariableOrder).toEqual(['dyn1']);
+		});
+
+		it('should replace dashboardId when it does not match', () => {
+			setDashboardVariablesStore({
+				dashboardId: 'dash-1',
+				variables: {
+					'not-there': createVariable({ name: 'not-there', order: 0 }),
+				},
+			});
+
+			updateDashboardVariablesStore({
+				dashboardId: 'dash-2',
+				variables: {
+					a: createVariable({ name: 'a', order: 0 }),
+				},
+			});
+
+			const storeSnapshot = dashboardVariablesStore.getSnapshot();
+			expect(storeSnapshot.dashboardId).toBe('dash-2');
+			expect(storeSnapshot.variableTypes).toEqual({
+				a: 'QUERY',
+			});
+			expect(storeSnapshot.variableTypes).not.toEqual({
+				'not-there': 'QUERY',
+			});
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('getVariableDependencyContext', () => {
+		it('should return context with all fields', () => {
+			setDashboardVariablesStore({
+				dashboardId: 'dash-1',
+				variables: {
+					env: createVariable({
+						name: 'env',
+						type: 'QUERY',
+						order: 0,
+						selectedValue: 'prod',
+					}),
+				},
+			});
+
+			const {
+				variableTypes,
+				dynamicVariableOrder,
+				dependencyData,
+			} = getVariableDependencyContext();
+
+			expect(variableTypes).toEqual({ env: 'QUERY' });
+			expect(dynamicVariableOrder).toEqual([]);
+			expect(dependencyData).not.toBeNull();
+		});
+
+		it('should report doAllVariablesHaveValuesSelected as true when all variables have selectedValue', () => {
+			setDashboardVariablesStore({
+				dashboardId: 'dash-1',
+				variables: {
+					env: createVariable({
+						name: 'env',
+						type: 'QUERY',
+						order: 0,
+						selectedValue: 'prod',
+					}),
+					region: createVariable({
+						name: 'region',
+						type: 'CUSTOM',
+						order: 1,
+						selectedValue: 'us-east',
+					}),
+				},
+			});
+
+			const { doAllVariablesHaveValuesSelected } = getVariableDependencyContext();
+			expect(doAllVariablesHaveValuesSelected).toBe(true);
+		});
+
+		it('should report doAllVariablesHaveValuesSelected as false when some variables lack selectedValue', () => {
+			setDashboardVariablesStore({
+				dashboardId: 'dash-1',
+				variables: {
+					env: createVariable({
+						name: 'env',
+						type: 'QUERY',
+						order: 0,
+						selectedValue: 'prod',
+					}),
+					region: createVariable({
+						name: 'region',
+						type: 'CUSTOM',
+						order: 1,
+						selectedValue: undefined,
+					}),
+				},
+			});
+
+			const { doAllVariablesHaveValuesSelected } = getVariableDependencyContext();
+			expect(doAllVariablesHaveValuesSelected).toBe(false);
+		});
+
+		it('should treat DYNAMIC variable with allSelected=true and selectedValue=null as having a value', () => {
+			setDashboardVariablesStore({
+				dashboardId: 'dash-1',
+				variables: {
+					dyn1: createVariable({
+						name: 'dyn1',
+						type: 'DYNAMIC',
+						order: 0,
+						selectedValue: null as any,
+						allSelected: true,
+					}),
+					env: createVariable({
+						name: 'env',
+						type: 'QUERY',
+						order: 1,
+						selectedValue: 'prod',
+					}),
+				},
+			});
+
+			const { doAllVariablesHaveValuesSelected } = getVariableDependencyContext();
+			expect(doAllVariablesHaveValuesSelected).toBe(true);
+		});
+
+		it('should report false when a DYNAMIC variable has empty selectedValue and allSelected is not true', () => {
+			setDashboardVariablesStore({
+				dashboardId: 'dash-1',
+				variables: {
+					dyn1: createVariable({
+						name: 'dyn1',
+						type: 'DYNAMIC',
+						order: 0,
+						selectedValue: '',
+						allSelected: false,
+					}),
+				},
+			});
+
+			const { doAllVariablesHaveValuesSelected } = getVariableDependencyContext();
+			expect(doAllVariablesHaveValuesSelected).toBe(false);
+		});
+	});
+});

frontend/src/providers/Dashboard/store/dashboardVariables/__tests__/dashboardVariablesStoreUtils.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+import { IDashboardVariable } from 'types/api/dashboard/getAll';
+
+import { IDashboardVariables } from '../dashboardVariablesStoreTypes';
+import {
+	buildDynamicVariableOrder,
+	buildSortedVariablesArray,
+	buildVariableTypesMap,
+	computeDerivedValues,
+} from '../dashboardVariablesStoreUtils';
+
+const createVariable = (
+	overrides: Partial<IDashboardVariable> = {},
+): IDashboardVariable => ({
+	id: 'test-id',
+	name: 'test-var',
+	description: '',
+	type: 'QUERY',
+	sort: 'DISABLED',
+	showALLOption: false,
+	multiSelect: false,
+	order: 0,
+	...overrides,
+});
+
+describe('dashboardVariablesStoreUtils', () => {
+	describe('buildSortedVariablesArray', () => {
+		it('should sort variables by order property', () => {
+			const variables: IDashboardVariables = {
+				c: createVariable({ name: 'c', order: 3 }),
+				a: createVariable({ name: 'a', order: 1 }),
+				b: createVariable({ name: 'b', order: 2 }),
+			};
+
+			const result = buildSortedVariablesArray(variables);
+
+			expect(result.map((v) => v.name)).toEqual(['a', 'b', 'c']);
+		});
+
+		it('should return empty array for empty variables', () => {
+			const result = buildSortedVariablesArray({});
+			expect(result).toEqual([]);
+		});
+
+		it('should create copies of variables (not references)', () => {
+			const original = createVariable({ name: 'a', order: 0 });
+			const variables: IDashboardVariables = { a: original };
+
+			const result = buildSortedVariablesArray(variables);
+
+			expect(result[0]).not.toBe(original);
+			expect(result[0]).toEqual(original);
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('buildVariableTypesMap', () => {
+		it('should create a name-to-type mapping', () => {
+			const sorted = [
+				createVariable({ name: 'env', type: 'QUERY' }),
+				createVariable({ name: 'region', type: 'CUSTOM' }),
+				createVariable({ name: 'dynVar', type: 'DYNAMIC' }),
+				createVariable({ name: 'text', type: 'TEXTBOX' }),
+			];
+
+			const result = buildVariableTypesMap(sorted);
+
+			expect(result).toEqual({
+				env: 'QUERY',
+				region: 'CUSTOM',
+				dynVar: 'DYNAMIC',
+				text: 'TEXTBOX',
+			});
+		});
+
+		it('should return empty object for empty array', () => {
+			expect(buildVariableTypesMap([])).toEqual({});
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('buildDynamicVariableOrder', () => {
+		it('should return only DYNAMIC variable names in order', () => {
+			const sorted = [
+				createVariable({ name: 'queryVar', type: 'QUERY', order: 0 }),
+				createVariable({ name: 'dyn1', type: 'DYNAMIC', order: 1 }),
+				createVariable({ name: 'customVar', type: 'CUSTOM', order: 2 }),
+				createVariable({ name: 'dyn2', type: 'DYNAMIC', order: 3 }),
+			];
+
+			const result = buildDynamicVariableOrder(sorted);
+
+			expect(result).toEqual(['dyn1', 'dyn2']);
+		});
+
+		it('should return empty array when no DYNAMIC variables exist', () => {
+			const sorted = [
+				createVariable({ name: 'a', type: 'QUERY' }),
+				createVariable({ name: 'b', type: 'CUSTOM' }),
+			];
+
+			expect(buildDynamicVariableOrder(sorted)).toEqual([]);
+		});
+
+		it('should return empty array for empty input', () => {
+			expect(buildDynamicVariableOrder([])).toEqual([]);
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('computeDerivedValues', () => {
+		it('should compute all derived values from variables', () => {
+			const variables: IDashboardVariables = {
+				env: createVariable({
+					name: 'env',
+					type: 'QUERY',
+					order: 0,
+				}),
+				dyn1: createVariable({
+					name: 'dyn1',
+					type: 'DYNAMIC',
+					order: 1,
+				}),
+			};
+
+			const result = computeDerivedValues(variables);
+
+			expect(result.sortedVariablesArray).toHaveLength(2);
+			expect(result.sortedVariablesArray[0].name).toBe('env');
+			expect(result.sortedVariablesArray[1].name).toBe('dyn1');
+
+			expect(result.variableTypes).toEqual({
+				env: 'QUERY',
+				dyn1: 'DYNAMIC',
+			});
+
+			expect(result.dynamicVariableOrder).toEqual(['dyn1']);
+
+			// dependencyData should exist since there are variables
+			expect(result.dependencyData).not.toBeNull();
+		});
+
+		it('should return null dependencyData for empty variables', () => {
+			const result = computeDerivedValues({});
+
+			expect(result.sortedVariablesArray).toEqual([]);
+			expect(result.dependencyData).toBeNull();
+			expect(result.variableTypes).toEqual({});
+			expect(result.dynamicVariableOrder).toEqual([]);
+		});
+
+		it('should handle all four variable types together', () => {
+			const variables: IDashboardVariables = {
+				queryVar: createVariable({
+					name: 'queryVar',
+					type: 'QUERY',
+					order: 0,
+				}),
+				customVar: createVariable({
+					name: 'customVar',
+					type: 'CUSTOM',
+					order: 1,
+				}),
+				dynVar: createVariable({
+					name: 'dynVar',
+					type: 'DYNAMIC',
+					order: 2,
+				}),
+				textVar: createVariable({
+					name: 'textVar',
+					type: 'TEXTBOX',
+					order: 3,
+				}),
+			};
+
+			const result = computeDerivedValues(variables);
+
+			expect(result.sortedVariablesArray).toHaveLength(4);
+			expect(result.sortedVariablesArray.map((v) => v.name)).toEqual([
+				'queryVar',
+				'customVar',
+				'dynVar',
+				'textVar',
+			]);
+
+			expect(result.variableTypes).toEqual({
+				queryVar: 'QUERY',
+				customVar: 'CUSTOM',
+				dynVar: 'DYNAMIC',
+				textVar: 'TEXTBOX',
+			});
+
+			expect(result.dynamicVariableOrder).toEqual(['dynVar']);
+			expect(result.dependencyData).not.toBeNull();
+		});
+
+		it('should sort variables by order regardless of insertion order', () => {
+			const variables: IDashboardVariables = {
+				z: createVariable({ name: 'z', type: 'QUERY', order: 4 }),
+				a: createVariable({ name: 'a', type: 'CUSTOM', order: 0 }),
+				m: createVariable({ name: 'm', type: 'DYNAMIC', order: 2 }),
+				b: createVariable({ name: 'b', type: 'TEXTBOX', order: 1 }),
+				x: createVariable({ name: 'x', type: 'QUERY', order: 3 }),
+			};
+
+			const result = computeDerivedValues(variables);
+
+			expect(result.sortedVariablesArray.map((v) => v.name)).toEqual([
+				'a',
+				'b',
+				'm',
+				'x',
+				'z',
+			]);
+		});
+
+		it('should include multiple dynamic variables in order', () => {
+			const variables: IDashboardVariables = {
+				dyn3: createVariable({ name: 'dyn3', type: 'DYNAMIC', order: 5 }),
+				query1: createVariable({ name: 'query1', type: 'QUERY', order: 0 }),
+				dyn1: createVariable({ name: 'dyn1', type: 'DYNAMIC', order: 1 }),
+				custom1: createVariable({ name: 'custom1', type: 'CUSTOM', order: 2 }),
+				dyn2: createVariable({ name: 'dyn2', type: 'DYNAMIC', order: 3 }),
+			};
+
+			const result = computeDerivedValues(variables);
+
+			expect(result.dynamicVariableOrder).toEqual(['dyn1', 'dyn2', 'dyn3']);
+		});
+
+		it('should build dependency data with query variable order for dependent queries', () => {
+			const variables: IDashboardVariables = {
+				env: createVariable({
+					name: 'env',
+					type: 'QUERY',
+					order: 0,
+					queryValue: 'SELECT DISTINCT env FROM table',
+				}),
+				service: createVariable({
+					name: 'service',
+					type: 'QUERY',
+					order: 1,
+					queryValue: 'SELECT DISTINCT service FROM table WHERE env={{.env}}',
+				}),
+			};
+
+			const result = computeDerivedValues(variables);
+
+			const { dependencyData } = result;
+			expect(dependencyData).not.toBeNull();
+			// env should appear in the dependency order (it's a root QUERY variable)
+			expect(dependencyData?.order).toContain('env');
+			// service depends on env, so it should also be in the order
+			expect(dependencyData?.order).toContain('service');
+			// env comes before service in topological order
+			const envIdx = dependencyData?.order.indexOf('env') ?? -1;
+			const svcIdx = dependencyData?.order.indexOf('service') ?? -1;
+			expect(envIdx).toBeLessThan(svcIdx);
+		});
+
+		it('should not include non-QUERY variables in dependency order', () => {
+			const variables: IDashboardVariables = {
+				env: createVariable({
+					name: 'env',
+					type: 'QUERY',
+					order: 0,
+					queryValue: 'SELECT DISTINCT env FROM table',
+				}),
+				customVar: createVariable({
+					name: 'customVar',
+					type: 'CUSTOM',
+					order: 1,
+				}),
+				dynVar: createVariable({
+					name: 'dynVar',
+					type: 'DYNAMIC',
+					order: 2,
+				}),
+				textVar: createVariable({
+					name: 'textVar',
+					type: 'TEXTBOX',
+					order: 3,
+				}),
+			};
+
+			const result = computeDerivedValues(variables);
+
+			expect(result.dependencyData).not.toBeNull();
+			// Only QUERY variables should be in the dependency order
+			result.dependencyData?.order.forEach((name) => {
+				expect(result.variableTypes[name]).toBe('QUERY');
+			});
+		});
+
+		it('should produce transitive descendants in dependency data', () => {
+			const variables: IDashboardVariables = {
+				region: createVariable({
+					name: 'region',
+					type: 'QUERY',
+					order: 0,
+					queryValue: 'SELECT region FROM table',
+				}),
+				cluster: createVariable({
+					name: 'cluster',
+					type: 'QUERY',
+					order: 1,
+					queryValue: 'SELECT cluster FROM table WHERE region={{.region}}',
+				}),
+				host: createVariable({
+					name: 'host',
+					type: 'QUERY',
+					order: 2,
+					queryValue: 'SELECT host FROM table WHERE cluster={{.cluster}}',
+				}),
+			};
+
+			const result = computeDerivedValues(variables);
+
+			const { dependencyData: depData } = result;
+			expect(depData).not.toBeNull();
+			expect(depData?.transitiveDescendants).toBeDefined();
+			// region's transitive descendants should include cluster and host
+			expect(depData?.transitiveDescendants['region']).toEqual(
+				expect.arrayContaining(['cluster', 'host']),
+			);
+		});
+
+		it('should handle a single variable', () => {
+			const variables: IDashboardVariables = {
+				solo: createVariable({
+					name: 'solo',
+					type: 'QUERY',
+					order: 0,
+				}),
+			};
+
+			const result = computeDerivedValues(variables);
+
+			expect(result.sortedVariablesArray).toHaveLength(1);
+			expect(result.variableTypes).toEqual({ solo: 'QUERY' });
+			expect(result.dynamicVariableOrder).toEqual([]);
+			expect(result.dependencyData).not.toBeNull();
+			expect(result.dependencyData?.order).toEqual(['solo']);
+		});
+
+		it('should handle only non-QUERY variables', () => {
+			const variables: IDashboardVariables = {
+				custom1: createVariable({
+					name: 'custom1',
+					type: 'CUSTOM',
+					order: 0,
+				}),
+				text1: createVariable({
+					name: 'text1',
+					type: 'TEXTBOX',
+					order: 1,
+				}),
+				dyn1: createVariable({
+					name: 'dyn1',
+					type: 'DYNAMIC',
+					order: 2,
+				}),
+			};
+
+			const result = computeDerivedValues(variables);
+
+			expect(result.sortedVariablesArray).toHaveLength(3);
+			// No QUERY variables, so dependency order should be empty
+			expect(result.dependencyData?.order).toEqual([]);
+			expect(result.dynamicVariableOrder).toEqual(['dyn1']);
+		});
+	});
+});

frontend/src/providers/Dashboard/store/dashboardVariables/dashboardVariablesStore.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
+import { isEmpty, isUndefined } from 'lodash-es';
+
 import createStore from '../store';
+import { VariableFetchContext } from '../variableFetchStore';
 import { IDashboardVariablesStoreState } from './dashboardVariablesStoreTypes';
 import {
 	computeDerivedValues,
@@ -10,6 +13,8 @@ const initialState: IDashboardVariablesStoreState = {
 	variables: {},
 	sortedVariablesArray: [],
 	dependencyData: null,
+	variableTypes: {},
+	dynamicVariableOrder: [],
 };
 
 export const dashboardVariablesStore = createStore<IDashboardVariablesStoreState>(
@@ -55,3 +60,38 @@ export function updateDashboardVariablesStore({
 		updateDerivedValues(draft);
 	});
 }
+
+/**
+ * Read current store snapshot as VariableFetchContext.
+ * Used by components to pass context to variableFetchStore actions
+ * without creating a circular import.
+ */
+export function getVariableDependencyContext(): VariableFetchContext {
+	const state = dashboardVariablesStore.getSnapshot();
+
+	// If every variable already has a selectedValue (e.g. persisted from
+	// localStorage/URL), dynamic variables can start in parallel.
+	// Otherwise they wait for query vars to settle first.
+	const doAllVariablesHaveValuesSelected = Object.values(state.variables).every(
+		(variable) => {
+			if (
+				variable.type === 'DYNAMIC' &&
+				variable.selectedValue === null &&
+				variable.allSelected === true
+			) {
+				return true;
+			}
+
+			return (
+				!isUndefined(variable.selectedValue) && !isEmpty(variable.selectedValue)
+			);
+		},
+	);
+
+	return {
+		doAllVariablesHaveValuesSelected,
+		variableTypes: state.variableTypes,
+		dynamicVariableOrder: state.dynamicVariableOrder,
+		dependencyData: state.dependencyData,
+	};
+}

frontend/src/providers/Dashboard/store/dashboardVariables/dashboardVariablesStoreTypes.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,18 @@
-import { IDashboardVariable } from 'types/api/dashboard/getAll';
+import {
+	IDashboardVariable,
+	TVariableQueryType,
+} from 'types/api/dashboard/getAll';
 
 export type VariableGraph = Record<string, string[]>;
 
 export interface IDependencyData {
 	order: string[];
+	// Direct children for each variable
 	graph: VariableGraph;
+	// Direct parents for each variable
 	parentDependencyGraph: VariableGraph;
+	// Pre-computed transitive descendants for each node (all reachable nodes, not just direct children)
+	transitiveDescendants: VariableGraph;
 	hasCycle: boolean;
 	cycleNodes?: string[];
 }
@@ -24,6 +31,12 @@ export interface IDashboardVariablesStoreState {
 
 	// Derived: dependency data for QUERY variables
 	dependencyData: IDependencyData | null;
+
+	// Derived: variable name → type mapping
+	variableTypes: Record<string, TVariableQueryType>;
+
+	// Derived: display-ordered list of dynamic variable names
+	dynamicVariableOrder: string[];
 }
 
 export interface IUseDashboardVariablesReturn {

frontend/src/providers/Dashboard/store/dashboardVariables/dashboardVariablesStoreUtils.ts

@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ import {
 	buildDependencies,
 	buildDependencyGraph,
 } from 'container/DashboardContainer/DashboardVariablesSelection/util';
-import { IDashboardVariable } from 'types/api/dashboard/getAll';
+import {
+	IDashboardVariable,
+	TVariableQueryType,
+} from 'types/api/dashboard/getAll';
 
-import { initializeVariableFetchStore } from '../variableFetchStore';
 import {
 	IDashboardVariables,
 	IDashboardVariablesStoreState,
@@ -44,6 +46,7 @@ export function buildDependencyData(
 		order,
 		graph,
 		parentDependencyGraph,
+		transitiveDescendants,
 		hasCycle,
 		cycleNodes,
 	} = buildDependencyGraph(dependencies);
@@ -58,49 +61,62 @@ export function buildDependencyData(
 		order: queryVariableOrder,
 		graph,
 		parentDependencyGraph,
+		transitiveDescendants,
 		hasCycle,
 		cycleNodes,
 	};
 }
 
 /**
- * Initialize the variable fetch store with the computed dependency data
+ * Build a variable name → type mapping from sorted variables array
  */
-function initializeFetchStore(
+export function buildVariableTypesMap(
 	sortedVariablesArray: IDashboardVariable[],
-	dependencyData: IDependencyData | null,
-): void {
-	if (dependencyData) {
-		const allVariableNames = sortedVariablesArray
-			.map((v) => v.name)
-			.filter((name): name is string => !!name);
+): Record<string, TVariableQueryType> {
+	const types: Record<string, TVariableQueryType> = {};
+	sortedVariablesArray.forEach((v) => {
+		if (v.name) {
+			types[v.name] = v.type;
+		}
+	});
+	return types;
+}
 
-		initializeVariableFetchStore(
-			allVariableNames,
-			dependencyData.graph,
-			dependencyData.parentDependencyGraph,
-		);
-	}
+/**
+ * Build display-ordered list of dynamic variable names
+ */
+export function buildDynamicVariableOrder(
+	sortedVariablesArray: IDashboardVariable[],
+): string[] {
+	return sortedVariablesArray
+		.filter((v) => v.type === 'DYNAMIC' && v.name)
+		.map((v) => v.name as string);
 }
 
 /**
  * Compute derived values from variables
  * This is a composition of buildSortedVariablesArray and buildDependencyData
- * Also initializes the variable fetch store with the new dependency data
  */
 export function computeDerivedValues(
 	variables: IDashboardVariablesStoreState['variables'],
 ): Pick<
 	IDashboardVariablesStoreState,
-	'sortedVariablesArray' | 'dependencyData'
+	| 'sortedVariablesArray'
+	| 'dependencyData'
+	| 'variableTypes'
+	| 'dynamicVariableOrder'
 > {
 	const sortedVariablesArray = buildSortedVariablesArray(variables);
 	const dependencyData = buildDependencyData(sortedVariablesArray);
+	const variableTypes = buildVariableTypesMap(sortedVariablesArray);
+	const dynamicVariableOrder = buildDynamicVariableOrder(sortedVariablesArray);
 
-	// Initialize the variable fetch store when dependency data is computed
-	initializeFetchStore(sortedVariablesArray, dependencyData);
-
-	return { sortedVariablesArray, dependencyData };
+	return {
+		sortedVariablesArray,
+		dependencyData,
+		variableTypes,
+		dynamicVariableOrder,
+	};
 }
 
 /**
@@ -112,7 +128,8 @@ export function updateDerivedValues(
 ): void {
 	draft.sortedVariablesArray = buildSortedVariablesArray(draft.variables);
 	draft.dependencyData = buildDependencyData(draft.sortedVariablesArray);
-
-	// Initialize the variable fetch store when dependency data is updated
-	initializeFetchStore(draft.sortedVariablesArray, draft.dependencyData);
+	draft.variableTypes = buildVariableTypesMap(draft.sortedVariablesArray);
+	draft.dynamicVariableOrder = buildDynamicVariableOrder(
+		draft.sortedVariablesArray,
+	);
 }

frontend/src/providers/Dashboard/store/variableFetchStore.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
-import { VariableGraph } from 'container/DashboardContainer/DashboardVariablesSelection/util';
-
+import { getVariableDependencyContext } from './dashboardVariables/dashboardVariablesStore';
+import { IDashboardVariablesStoreState } from './dashboardVariables/dashboardVariablesStoreTypes';
 import createStore from './store';
+import {
+	areAllQueryVariablesSettled,
+	isSettled,
+	resolveFetchState,
+	unlockWaitingDynamicVariables,
+} from './variableFetchStoreUtils';
 
 // Fetch state for each variable
 export type VariableFetchState =
@@ -14,19 +20,29 @@ export interface IVariableFetchStoreState {
 	// Per-variable fetch state
 	states: Record<string, VariableFetchState>;
 
-	// Dependency graphs (set once when variables change)
-	dependencyGraph: VariableGraph; // variable -> children that depend on it
-	parentGraph: VariableGraph; // variable -> parents it depends on
-
-	// Track last update timestamp per variable to trigger re-fetches
+	// Track last update timestamp per variable
 	lastUpdated: Record<string, number>;
+
+	// Per-variable cycle counter — bumped when a variable needs to refetch.
+	// Used in react-query keys to auto-cancel stale requests for that variable only.
+	cycleIds: Record<string, number>;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Context from dashboardVariablesStore needed by fetch actions.
+ * Passed as parameter to avoid circular imports.
+ */
+export type VariableFetchContext = Pick<
+	IDashboardVariablesStoreState,
+	'variableTypes' | 'dynamicVariableOrder' | 'dependencyData'
+> & {
+	doAllVariablesHaveValuesSelected: boolean;
+};
+
 const initialState: IVariableFetchStoreState = {
 	states: {},
-	dependencyGraph: {},
-	parentGraph: {},
 	lastUpdated: {},
+	cycleIds: {},
 };
 
 export const variableFetchStore = createStore<IVariableFetchStoreState>(
@@ -36,22 +52,183 @@ export const variableFetchStore = createStore<IVariableFetchStoreState>(
 // ============== Actions ==============
 
 /**
- * Initialize the store with dependency graphs and set initial states
+ * Initialize the store with variable names.
+ * Called when dashboard variables change — sets up state entries.
  */
-export function initializeVariableFetchStore(
-	variableNames: string[],
-	dependencyGraph: VariableGraph,
-	parentGraph: VariableGraph,
-): void {
+export function initializeVariableFetchStore(variableNames: string[]): void {
 	variableFetchStore.update((draft) => {
-		draft.dependencyGraph = dependencyGraph;
-		draft.parentGraph = parentGraph;
-
-		// Initialize all variables to idle, preserving existing ready states
+		// Initialize all variables to idle, preserving existing states
 		variableNames.forEach((name) => {
 			if (!draft.states[name]) {
 				draft.states[name] = 'idle';
 			}
 		});
+
+		// Clean up stale entries for variables that no longer exist
+		const nameSet = new Set(variableNames);
+		Object.keys(draft.states).forEach((name) => {
+			if (!nameSet.has(name)) {
+				delete draft.states[name];
+				delete draft.lastUpdated[name];
+				delete draft.cycleIds[name];
+			}
+		});
+	});
+}
+
+/**
+ * Start a full fetch cycle for all fetchable variables.
+ * Called on: initial load, time range change, or dependency graph change.
+ *
+ * Query variables with no query-type parents start immediately.
+ * Query variables with query-type parents get 'waiting'.
+ * Dynamic variables start immediately if all variables already have
+ * selectedValues (e.g. persisted from localStorage/URL). Otherwise they
+ * wait for all query variables to settle first.
+ */
+export function enqueueFetchOfAllVariables(): void {
+	const {
+		doAllVariablesHaveValuesSelected,
+		dependencyData,
+		variableTypes,
+		dynamicVariableOrder,
+	} = getVariableDependencyContext();
+	if (!dependencyData) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	const { order: queryVariableOrder, parentDependencyGraph } = dependencyData;
+
+	variableFetchStore.update((draft) => {
+		// Query variables: root ones start immediately, dependent ones wait
+		queryVariableOrder.forEach((name) => {
+			draft.cycleIds[name] = (draft.cycleIds[name] || 0) + 1;
+			const parents = parentDependencyGraph[name] || [];
+			const hasQueryParents = parents.some((p) => variableTypes[p] === 'QUERY');
+			if (hasQueryParents) {
+				draft.states[name] = 'waiting';
+			} else {
+				draft.states[name] = resolveFetchState(draft, name);
+			}
+		});
+
+		// Dynamic variables: start immediately if query variables have values,
+		// otherwise wait for query variables to settle first
+		dynamicVariableOrder.forEach((name) => {
+			draft.cycleIds[name] = (draft.cycleIds[name] || 0) + 1;
+			draft.states[name] = doAllVariablesHaveValuesSelected
+				? resolveFetchState(draft, name)
+				: 'waiting';
+		});
+	});
+}
+
+/**
+ * Mark a variable as completed. Unblocks waiting query-type children.
+ * If all query variables are now settled, unlocks any waiting dynamic variables.
+ */
+export function onVariableFetchComplete(name: string): void {
+	const {
+		dependencyData,
+		variableTypes,
+		dynamicVariableOrder,
+	} = getVariableDependencyContext();
+
+	variableFetchStore.update((draft) => {
+		draft.states[name] = 'idle';
+		draft.lastUpdated[name] = Date.now();
+
+		if (!dependencyData) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		const { graph } = dependencyData;
+
+		// Unblock waiting query-type children
+		const children = graph[name] || [];
+		children.forEach((child) => {
+			if (variableTypes[child] === 'QUERY' && draft.states[child] === 'waiting') {
+				draft.states[child] = resolveFetchState(draft, child);
+			}
+		});
+
+		// If all query variables are settled, unlock any waiting dynamic variables
+		if (
+			variableTypes[name] === 'QUERY' &&
+			areAllQueryVariablesSettled(draft.states, variableTypes)
+		) {
+			unlockWaitingDynamicVariables(draft, dynamicVariableOrder);
+		}
+	});
+}
+
+/**
+ * Mark a variable as errored. Sets query-type descendants to idle
+ * (they can't proceed without this parent).
+ * If all query variables are now settled, unlocks any waiting dynamic variables.
+ */
+export function onVariableFetchFailure(name: string): void {
+	const {
+		dependencyData,
+		variableTypes,
+		dynamicVariableOrder,
+	} = getVariableDependencyContext();
+
+	variableFetchStore.update((draft) => {
+		draft.states[name] = 'error';
+
+		if (!dependencyData) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// Set query-type descendants to idle (can't fetch without parent)
+		const descendants = dependencyData.transitiveDescendants[name] || [];
+		descendants.forEach((desc) => {
+			if (variableTypes[desc] === 'QUERY') {
+				draft.states[desc] = 'idle';
+			}
+		});
+
+		// If all query variables are settled (error counts), unlock any waiting dynamic variables
+		if (
+			variableTypes[name] === 'QUERY' &&
+			areAllQueryVariablesSettled(draft.states, variableTypes)
+		) {
+			unlockWaitingDynamicVariables(draft, dynamicVariableOrder);
+		}
+	});
+}
+
+/**
+ * Cascade a value change to query-type descendants.
+ * Called when a user changes a variable's value (not from a fetch cycle).
+ *
+ * Direct children whose parents are all settled start immediately.
+ * Deeper descendants wait until their parents complete (BFS order
+ * ensures parents are set before children within a single update).
+ */
+export function enqueueDescendantsOfVariable(name: string): void {
+	const { dependencyData, variableTypes } = getVariableDependencyContext();
+	if (!dependencyData) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	const { parentDependencyGraph } = dependencyData;
+
+	variableFetchStore.update((draft) => {
+		const descendants = dependencyData.transitiveDescendants[name] || [];
+		const queryDescendants = descendants.filter(
+			(desc) => variableTypes[desc] === 'QUERY',
+		);
+
+		queryDescendants.forEach((desc) => {
+			draft.cycleIds[desc] = (draft.cycleIds[desc] || 0) + 1;
+			const parents = parentDependencyGraph[desc] || [];
+			const allParentsSettled = parents.every((p) => isSettled(draft.states[p]));
+
+			draft.states[desc] = allParentsSettled
+				? resolveFetchState(draft, desc)
+				: 'waiting';
+		});
 	});
 }

frontend/src/providers/Dashboard/store/variableFetchStoreUtils.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import { TVariableQueryType } from 'types/api/dashboard/getAll';
+
+import {
+	IVariableFetchStoreState,
+	VariableFetchState,
+} from './variableFetchStore';
+
+export function isSettled(state: VariableFetchState | undefined): boolean {
+	return state === 'idle' || state === 'error';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve the next fetch state based on whether the variable has been fetched before.
+ */
+export function resolveFetchState(
+	draft: IVariableFetchStoreState,
+	name: string,
+): VariableFetchState {
+	return (draft.lastUpdated[name] || 0) > 0 ? 'revalidating' : 'loading';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if all query variables are settled (idle or error).
+ */
+export function areAllQueryVariablesSettled(
+	states: Record<string, VariableFetchState>,
+	variableTypes: Record<string, TVariableQueryType>,
+): boolean {
+	return Object.entries(variableTypes)
+		.filter(([, type]) => type === 'QUERY')
+		.every(([name]) => isSettled(states[name]));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Transition waiting dynamic variables to loading/revalidating if in 'waiting' state.
+ */
+export function unlockWaitingDynamicVariables(
+	draft: IVariableFetchStoreState,
+	dynamicVariableOrder: string[],
+): void {
+	dynamicVariableOrder.forEach((dynName) => {
+		if (draft.states[dynName] === 'waiting') {
+			draft.states[dynName] = resolveFetchState(draft, dynName);
+		}
+	});
+}

frontend/src/providers/Dashboard/types.ts

@@ -47,8 +47,6 @@ export interface IDashboardContext {
 		allSelected: boolean,
 		isDynamic?: boolean,
 	) => void;
-	variablesToGetUpdated: string[];
-	setVariablesToGetUpdated: React.Dispatch<React.SetStateAction<string[]>>;
 	dashboardQueryRangeCalled: boolean;
 	setDashboardQueryRangeCalled: (value: boolean) => void;
 	selectedRowWidgetId: string | null;

frontend/src/types/api/metrics/getQueryRange.ts

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
 import { EQueryType } from 'types/common/dashboard';
 
-import { Warning } from '..';
+import { SuccessResponse, Warning } from '..';
 import {
 	IBuilderFormula,
 	IBuilderQuery,
 	IClickHouseQuery,
 	IPromQLQuery,
 } from '../queryBuilder/queryBuilderData';
+import { ExecStats } from '../v5/queryRange';
 import { QueryData, QueryDataV3 } from '../widgets/getQuery';
 
 export type QueryRangePayload = {
@@ -35,8 +36,15 @@ export interface MetricRangePayloadProps {
 		newResult: MetricRangePayloadV3;
 		warnings?: string[];
 	};
+	meta?: ExecStats;
 }
 
+/** Query range success response including optional warning and meta */
+export type MetricQueryRangeSuccessResponse = SuccessResponse<
+	MetricRangePayloadProps,
+	unknown
+> & { warning?: Warning; meta?: ExecStats };
+
 export interface MetricRangePayloadV3 {
 	data: {
 		result: QueryDataV3[];
@@ -44,4 +52,5 @@ export interface MetricRangePayloadV3 {
 		warnings?: string[];
 	};
 	warning?: Warning;
+	meta?: ExecStats;
 }

frontend/src/types/api/v5/queryRange.ts

@@ -334,6 +334,7 @@ export interface ExecStats {
 	rowsScanned: number;
 	bytesScanned: number;
 	durationMs: number;
+	stepIntervals: Record<string, number>;
 }
 
 export interface Label {

pkg/emailing/config.go

@@ -10,6 +10,27 @@ type Config struct {
 
 type Templates struct {
 	Directory string `mapstructure:"directory"`
+	Format    Format `mapstructure:"format"`
+}
+
+type Format struct {
+	Header Header `mapstructure:"header"`
+	Help   Help   `mapstructure:"help"`
+	Footer Footer `mapstructure:"footer"`
+}
+
+type Header struct {
+	Enabled bool   `mapstructure:"enabled"`
+	LogoURL string `mapstructure:"logo_url"`
+}
+
+type Help struct {
+	Enabled bool   `mapstructure:"enabled"`
+	Email   string `mapstructure:"email"`
+}
+
+type Footer struct {
+	Enabled bool `mapstructure:"enabled"`
 }
 
 type SMTP struct {
@@ -45,6 +66,19 @@ func newConfig() factory.Config {
 		Enabled: false,
 		Templates: Templates{
 			Directory: "/root/templates",
+			Format: Format{
+				Header: Header{
+					Enabled: false,
+					LogoURL: "",
+				},
+				Help: Help{
+					Enabled: false,
+					Email:   "",
+				},
+				Footer: Footer{
+					Enabled: false,
+				},
+			},
 		},
 		SMTP: SMTP{
 			Address: "localhost:25",

pkg/emailing/smtpemailing/provider.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ type provider struct {
 	settings factory.ScopedProviderSettings
 	store    emailtypes.TemplateStore
 	client   *client.Client
+	config   emailing.Config
 }
 
 func NewFactory() factory.ProviderFactory[emailing.Emailing, emailing.Config] {
@@ -55,7 +56,12 @@ func New(ctx context.Context, providerSettings factory.ProviderSettings, config
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	return &provider{settings: settings, store: store, client: client}, nil
+	return &provider{
+		settings: settings,
+		store:    store,
+		client:   client,
+		config:   config,
+	}, nil
 }
 
 func (provider *provider) SendHTML(ctx context.Context, to string, subject string, templateName emailtypes.TemplateName, data map[string]any) error {
@@ -69,8 +75,19 @@ func (provider *provider) SendHTML(ctx context.Context, to string, subject strin
 		return err
 	}
 
+	// if no data is provided, create an empty map to prevent a panic when we add the format, to, and subject data
+	if data == nil {
+		data = make(map[string]any)
+	}
+
+	// the following are overridden if provided in the data map
+	data["format"] = provider.config.Templates.Format
+	data["to"] = to
+	data["subject"] = subject
+
 	content, err := emailtypes.NewContent(template, data)
 	if err != nil {
+		provider.settings.Logger().ErrorContext(ctx, "failed to create email content", "error", err)
 		return err
 	}
 

pkg/modules/organization/implorganization/getter.go

@@ -30,3 +30,7 @@ func (module *getter) ListByOwnedKeyRange(ctx context.Context) ([]*types.Organiz
 
 	return module.store.ListByKeyRange(ctx, start, end)
 }
+
+func (module *getter) GetByName(ctx context.Context, name string) (*types.Organization, error) {
+	return module.store.GetByName(ctx, name)
+}

pkg/modules/organization/implorganization/store.go

@@ -47,6 +47,22 @@ func (store *store) Get(ctx context.Context, id valuer.UUID) (*types.Organizatio
 	return organization, nil
 }
 
+func (store *store) GetByName(ctx context.Context, name string) (*types.Organization, error) {
+	organization := new(types.Organization)
+	err := store.
+		sqlstore.
+		BunDB().
+		NewSelect().
+		Model(organization).
+		Where("name = ?", name).
+		Scan(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, store.sqlstore.WrapNotFoundErrf(err, types.ErrOrganizationNotFound, "organization with name %s does not exist", name)
+	}
+
+	return organization, nil
+}
+
 func (store *store) GetAll(ctx context.Context) ([]*types.Organization, error) {
 	organizations := make([]*types.Organization, 0)
 	err := store.

pkg/modules/organization/organization.go

@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ type Getter interface {
 
 	// ListByOwnedKeyRange gets all the organizations owned by the instance
 	ListByOwnedKeyRange(context.Context) ([]*types.Organization, error)
+
+	// Gets the organization by name
+	GetByName(context.Context, string) (*types.Organization, error)
 }
 
 type Setter interface {

pkg/modules/session/implsession/module.go

@@ -151,6 +151,10 @@ func (module *module) CreateCallbackAuthNSession(ctx context.Context, authNProvi
 		return "", err
 	}
 
+	if err := user.ErrIfRoot(); err != nil {
+		return "", errors.WithAdditionalf(err, "root user can only authenticate via password")
+	}
+
 	token, err := module.tokenizer.CreateToken(ctx, authtypes.NewIdentity(user.ID, user.OrgID, user.Email, user.Role), map[string]string{})
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err

pkg/modules/user/config.go

@@ -5,11 +5,22 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/factory"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/valuer"
 )
 
 type Config struct {
 	Password PasswordConfig `mapstructure:"password"`
+	Root     RootConfig     `mapstructure:"root"`
 }
+
+type RootConfig struct {
+	Enabled  bool         `mapstructure:"enabled"`
+	Email    valuer.Email `mapstructure:"email"`
+	Password string       `mapstructure:"password"`
+	OrgName  string       `mapstructure:"org_name"`
+}
+
 type PasswordConfig struct {
 	Reset ResetConfig `mapstructure:"reset"`
 }
@@ -31,6 +42,10 @@ func newConfig() factory.Config {
 				MaxTokenLifetime: 6 * time.Hour,
 			},
 		},
+		Root: RootConfig{
+			Enabled: false,
+			OrgName: "default",
+		},
 	}
 }
 
@@ -39,5 +54,17 @@ func (c Config) Validate() error {
 		return errors.New(errors.TypeInvalidInput, errors.CodeInvalidInput, "user::password::reset::max_token_lifetime must be positive")
 	}
 
+	if c.Root.Enabled {
+		if c.Root.Email.IsZero() {
+			return errors.New(errors.TypeInvalidInput, errors.CodeInvalidInput, "user::root::email is required when root user is enabled")
+		}
+		if c.Root.Password == "" {
+			return errors.New(errors.TypeInvalidInput, errors.CodeInvalidInput, "user::root::password is required when root user is enabled")
+		}
+		if !types.IsPasswordValid(c.Root.Password) {
+			return errors.New(errors.TypeInvalidInput, errors.CodeInvalidInput, "user::root::password does not meet password requirements")
+		}
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }

pkg/modules/user/impluser/getter.go

@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@ func NewGetter(store types.UserStore) user.Getter {
 	return &getter{store: store}
 }
 
+func (module *getter) GetRootUserByOrgID(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID) (*types.User, error) {
+	return module.store.GetRootUserByOrgID(ctx, orgID)
+}
+
 func (module *getter) ListByOrgID(ctx context.Context, orgID valuer.UUID) ([]*types.User, error) {
 	users, err := module.store.ListUsersByOrgID(ctx, orgID)
 	if err != nil {