feat(audit): emit audit logs per signoz semantic conventions (#13477)

<!--A few plain bullets saying what changed and why, for a reviewer
skimming it - not a wall of text, not a restatement of the diff, not
generated boilerplate.-->
#### Description
- using semantic conventions described in `signoz-semanatic-conventions`
repository for audit

<!--Reference issues using `Closes #issue-number` to enable automatic
closure on merge. -->
#### Issues closed by this PR
contributes to https://github.com/SigNoz/keystone-pod/issues/188

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -209,6 +209,10 @@ go.mod @therealpandey
 /frontend/src/types/api/alerts/ @SigNoz/pulse-frontend
 /frontend/src/providers/Alert.tsx @SigNoz/pulse-frontend
 /frontend/src/constants/alerts.ts @SigNoz/pulse-frontend
+/frontend/src/container/PlannedDowntime/ @SigNoz/pulse-frontend
+/frontend/src/hooks/alerts/ @SigNoz/pulse-frontend
+/frontend/src/container/Home/AlertRules/ @SigNoz/pulse-frontend
+/frontend/src/container/Home/__tests__/AlertRules.test.tsx @SigNoz/pulse-frontend
 
 ## Notification Channels
 /frontend/src/pages/ChannelsEdit/ @SigNoz/pulse-frontend
@@ -217,6 +221,11 @@ go.mod @therealpandey
 /frontend/src/container/FormAlertChannels/ @SigNoz/pulse-frontend
 /frontend/src/hooks/notificationChannels/ @SigNoz/pulse-frontend
 
+## List filter + views (dashboards and alerts lists)
+/frontend/src/components/ListFilter/ @SigNoz/pulse-frontend
+/frontend/src/components/ListViews/ @SigNoz/pulse-frontend
+/frontend/src/hooks/listViews/ @SigNoz/pulse-frontend
+
 ## OpenAPI Schema - Generated
 /frontend/src/api/generated/services/ @therealpandey @vikrantgupta25 @srikanthccv
 /docs/api/openapi.yml @therealpandey @vikrantgupta25 @srikanthccv

.github/workflows/build-community.yaml

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ jobs:
     secrets: inherit
     with:
       PRIMUS_REF: main
-      GO_VERSION: 1.24
+      GO_VERSION: 1.25
       GO_NAME: signoz-community
       GO_INPUT_ARTIFACT_CACHE_KEY: community-jsbuild-${{ github.sha }}
       GO_INPUT_ARTIFACT_PATH: frontend/build

.github/workflows/build-enterprise.yaml

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ jobs:
     secrets: inherit
     with:
       PRIMUS_REF: main
-      GO_VERSION: 1.24
+      GO_VERSION: 1.25
       GO_INPUT_ARTIFACT_CACHE_KEY: enterprise-jsbuild-${{ github.sha }}
       GO_INPUT_ARTIFACT_PATH: frontend/build
       GO_BUILD_CONTEXT: ./cmd/enterprise

.github/workflows/build-staging.yaml

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ jobs:
     secrets: inherit
     with:
       PRIMUS_REF: main
-      GO_VERSION: 1.24
+      GO_VERSION: 1.25
       GO_INPUT_ARTIFACT_CACHE_KEY: staging-jsbuild-${{ github.sha }}
       GO_INPUT_ARTIFACT_PATH: frontend/build
       GO_BUILD_CONTEXT: ./cmd/enterprise

.github/workflows/goci.yaml

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
     with:
       PRIMUS_REF: main
       GO_TEST_CONTEXT: ./...
-      GO_VERSION: 1.24
+      GO_VERSION: 1.25
   fmt:
     if: |
       github.event_name == 'merge_group' ||
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ jobs:
     secrets: inherit
     with:
       PRIMUS_REF: main
-      GO_VERSION: 1.24
+      GO_VERSION: 1.25
   lint:
     if: |
       github.event_name == 'merge_group' ||
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ jobs:
     secrets: inherit
     with:
       PRIMUS_REF: main
-      GO_VERSION: 1.24
+      GO_VERSION: 1.25
   deps:
     if: |
       github.event_name == 'merge_group' ||
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ jobs:
     secrets: inherit
     with:
       PRIMUS_REF: main
-      GO_VERSION: 1.24
+      GO_VERSION: 1.25
   semconv-generated:
     if: |
       github.event_name == 'merge_group' ||
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: go-install
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: "1.24"
+          go-version: "1.25"
       - name: check-semconv-generated-files
         run: make semconv-check
   build:
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: go-install
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: "1.24"
+          go-version: "1.25"
       - name: qemu-install
         uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
       - name: aarch64-install
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: go-install
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: "1.24"
+          go-version: "1.25"
       - name: generate-openapi
         run: |
           go run cmd/enterprise/*.go generate openapi
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: go-install
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: "1.24"
+          go-version: "1.25"
       - name: generate-authz
         run: |
           go run cmd/enterprise/*.go generate authz
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: go-install
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: "1.24"
+          go-version: "1.25"
       - name: generate-web-settings
         run: |
           go run cmd/enterprise/*.go generate config web-settings
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: go-install
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: "1.24"
+          go-version: "1.25"
       - name: generate-transaction-groups
         run: |
           go run cmd/enterprise/*.go generate config transaction-groups

.github/workflows/gor-signoz-community.yaml

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: setup-go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: "1.24"
+          go-version: "1.25"
       - name: cross-compilation-tools
         if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
         run: |
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: setup-go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: "1.24"
+          go-version: "1.25"
 
       # copy the caches from build
       - name: get-sha

.github/workflows/gor-signoz.yaml

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: setup-go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: "1.24"
+          go-version: "1.25"
       - name: cross-compilation-tools
         if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
         run: |
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: setup-go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: "1.24"
+          go-version: "1.25"
 
       # copy the caches from build
       - name: get-sha

cmd/enterprise/server.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/cmd"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/ee/auditor/fileauditor"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/ee/auditor/kafkaauditor"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/ee/auditor/otlphttpauditor"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/ee/authn/callbackauthn/oidccallbackauthn"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/ee/authn/callbackauthn/samlcallbackauthn"
@@ -156,6 +157,9 @@ func runServer(ctx context.Context, config signoz.Config, logger *slog.Logger) e
 			if err := factories.Add(fileauditor.NewFactory(licensing, version.Info)); err != nil {
 				panic(err)
 			}
+			if err := factories.Add(kafkaauditor.NewFactory(licensing, version.Info)); err != nil {
+				panic(err)
+			}
 			return factories
 		},
 		func(ctx context.Context, providerSettings factory.ProviderSettings, flagger pkgflagger.Flagger, licensing licensing.Licensing, telemetryStore telemetrystore.TelemetryStore, retentionGetter retention.Getter, orgGetter organization.Getter, zeus zeus.Zeus) (factory.NamedMap[factory.ProviderFactory[meterreporter.Reporter, meterreporter.Config]], string) {

conf/example.yaml

@@ -436,6 +436,7 @@ auditor:
   # Specifies the auditor provider to use.
   # noop: discards all audit events (community default).
   # otlphttp: exports audit events via OTLP HTTP (enterprise).
+  # kafka: exports audit events to a Kafka topic as OTLP protobuf (enterprise).
   provider: noop
   # The async channel capacity for audit events. Events are dropped when full (fail-open).
   buffer_size: 1000
@@ -461,6 +462,18 @@ auditor:
       max_interval: 30s
       # The total maximum time spent retrying.
       max_elapsed_time: 60s
+  kafka:
+    # The seed broker addresses (host:port) used to discover the cluster.
+    brokers:
+      - localhost:9092
+    # The topic audit events are written to. It must already exist.
+    topic: ""
+    # The client id the producer reports to the brokers.
+    client_id: signoz
+    # The compression codec for produced batches: none, gzip, snappy, lz4 or zstd.
+    compression: lz4
+    # The maximum time to drain buffered events on shutdown. Undelivered events are dropped after it.
+    shutdown_timeout: 30s
 
 ##################### Cloud Integration #####################
 cloudintegration:

docs/api/openapi.yml

@@ -10231,8 +10231,10 @@ components:
         having:
           allOf:
           - $ref: '#/components/schemas/Querybuildertypesv5Having'
-          description: Accepted but currently ignored; the computed values are returned
-            unfiltered.
+          description: A filter on the formula values, referencing the formula by
+            its name or as __result, for example F1 > 0. A time series keeps only
+            the points that match and drops a series with none left; a scalar result
+            keeps only the rows that match.
         legend:
           description: The display name template for each series; {{field}} placeholders
             are replaced by label values.
@@ -32729,6 +32731,305 @@ paths:
                   requestType: time_series
                   schemaVersion: v1
                   start: 1640995200000
+              function_anomaly_request_rate:
+                description: 'anomaly is the one function with named arguments. seasonality
+                  says which past periods predict the current value: hourly, daily
+                  or weekly, daily when absent. z_score_threshold is how many standard
+                  deviations from the prediction count as an anomaly. It has no default:
+                  a request without it gets bounds of zero width, so send it. 3 is
+                  the value the UI sends. The response carries, next to the values,
+                  a predicted series, an upper and a lower bound series and an anomaly
+                  score series. The scoring runs in the enterprise build; the community
+                  build returns the series unchanged.'
+                summary: 'anomaly: request rate scored against its daily pattern'
+                value:
+                  compositeQuery:
+                    queries:
+                    - spec:
+                        aggregations:
+                        - metricName: http.server.duration.count
+                          spaceAggregation: sum
+                          timeAggregation: rate
+                        functions:
+                        - args:
+                          - name: seasonality
+                            value: daily
+                          - name: z_score_threshold
+                            value: 3
+                          name: anomaly
+                        groupBy:
+                        - fieldContext: resource
+                          name: service.name
+                        name: A
+                        signal: metrics
+                        stepInterval: 300s
+                      type: builder_query
+                  end: 1640998800000
+                  requestType: time_series
+                  schemaVersion: v1
+                  start: 1640995200000
+              function_cumulativesum_errors_so_far:
+                description: cumulativeSum replaces each point with the sum of every
+                  point up to and including it, so a per-step count becomes a running
+                  total whose first point is the first count. It takes no arguments.
+                  The total resets with the window, so a longer time range gives a
+                  larger final value; it is a view of the window, not a counter.
+                summary: 'cumulativeSum: 5xx responses since the start of the window'
+                value:
+                  compositeQuery:
+                    queries:
+                    - spec:
+                        aggregations:
+                        - alias: server_errors
+                          expression: count()
+                        filter:
+                          expression: http.response.status_code >= 500
+                        functions:
+                        - name: cumulativeSum
+                        groupBy:
+                        - fieldContext: resource
+                          name: service.name
+                        name: A
+                        signal: traces
+                        stepInterval: 60s
+                      type: builder_query
+                  end: 1640998800000
+                  requestType: time_series
+                  schemaVersion: v1
+                  start: 1640995200000
+              function_cutoffmin_hide_idle_hosts:
+                description: The four threshold functions take one number. cutOffMin
+                  and cutOffMax remove the points below or above the threshold, so
+                  an idle host disappears from the chart instead of drawing a line
+                  along the bottom. clampMin and clampMax keep the points and replace
+                  the value with the threshold, which caps spikes without hiding them.
+                  system.cpu.utilization is a ratio, so 0.05 is 5%.
+                summary: 'cutOffMin: drop hosts below 5% CPU from the chart'
+                value:
+                  compositeQuery:
+                    queries:
+                    - spec:
+                        aggregations:
+                        - metricName: system.cpu.utilization
+                          spaceAggregation: avg
+                          timeAggregation: avg
+                        functions:
+                        - args:
+                          - value: 0.05
+                          name: cutOffMin
+                        groupBy:
+                        - fieldContext: resource
+                          name: host.name
+                        name: A
+                        signal: metrics
+                        stepInterval: 60s
+                      type: builder_query
+                  end: 1640998800000
+                  requestType: time_series
+                  schemaVersion: v1
+                  start: 1640995200000
+              function_ewma_smoothed_latency:
+                description: 'ewma3, ewma5 and ewma7 replace each point with an exponentially
+                  weighted average of the point and the points before it. The number
+                  in the name is the window the default weight is derived from: alpha
+                  = 2 / (n + 1), so 0.5, 0.333 and 0.25. One optional argument overrides
+                  alpha; a value close to 1 follows the raw series, a value close
+                  to 0 smooths harder. 0.3 here smooths a little more than ewma5''s
+                  default.'
+                summary: 'ewma5: smoothed p95 latency'
+                value:
+                  compositeQuery:
+                    queries:
+                    - spec:
+                        aggregations:
+                        - metricName: http.server.duration.bucket
+                          spaceAggregation: p95
+                        functions:
+                        - args:
+                          - value: 0.3
+                          name: ewma5
+                        groupBy:
+                        - fieldContext: resource
+                          name: service.name
+                        name: A
+                        signal: metrics
+                        stepInterval: 60s
+                      type: builder_query
+                  end: 1640998800000
+                  requestType: time_series
+                  schemaVersion: v1
+                  start: 1640995200000
+              function_fillzero_sparse_errors:
+                description: A count over sparse events returns a point only for steps
+                  that had a match, so a chart of failed spans has gaps where nothing
+                  failed. fillZero adds a zero at every missing step. With no arguments
+                  the server fills the request window at the query's step, which is
+                  the common case. The three optional arguments are start, end and
+                  step in milliseconds, for callers that want to fill a different
+                  grid.
+                summary: 'fillZero: a zero at every step with no failed spans'
+                value:
+                  compositeQuery:
+                    queries:
+                    - spec:
+                        aggregations:
+                        - alias: failed_spans
+                          expression: count()
+                        filter:
+                          expression: has_error = true
+                        functions:
+                        - name: fillZero
+                        groupBy:
+                        - fieldContext: resource
+                          name: service.name
+                        name: A
+                        signal: traces
+                        stepInterval: 60s
+                      type: builder_query
+                  end: 1640998800000
+                  requestType: time_series
+                  schemaVersion: v1
+                  start: 1640995200000
+              function_log10_network_bytes:
+                description: log2 and log10 replace each value with its logarithm,
+                  so a loopback device moving kilobytes and an uplink moving gigabytes
+                  fit on one chart. They take no arguments. Zero and negative values
+                  have no logarithm and are not drawn. absolute, also without arguments,
+                  is the usual companion for a signed series before a logarithm.
+                summary: 'log10: network throughput across devices that differ by
+                  orders of magnitude'
+                value:
+                  compositeQuery:
+                    queries:
+                    - spec:
+                        aggregations:
+                        - metricName: system.network.io
+                          spaceAggregation: sum
+                          timeAggregation: rate
+                        filter:
+                          expression: direction = 'transmit'
+                        functions:
+                        - name: log10
+                        groupBy:
+                        - fieldContext: attribute
+                          name: device
+                        name: A
+                        signal: metrics
+                        stepInterval: 60s
+                      type: builder_query
+                  end: 1640998800000
+                  requestType: time_series
+                  schemaVersion: v1
+                  start: 1640995200000
+              function_median_despiked_request_rate:
+                description: median3, median5 and median7 replace each point with
+                  the median of the surrounding 3, 5 or 7 points. A spike that lasts
+                  one step vanishes, a shift that lasts longer than half the window
+                  stays. The first and last half window, 2 points each for median5,
+                  have no full window and keep their values, so the newest spike stays
+                  visible; a series shorter than the window is returned unchanged.
+                  They take no arguments. Use them when the raw series is noisy and
+                  the chart is for a trend, not for catching the spike.
+                summary: 'median5: request rate without one-step spikes'
+                value:
+                  compositeQuery:
+                    queries:
+                    - spec:
+                        aggregations:
+                        - metricName: http.server.duration.count
+                          spaceAggregation: sum
+                          timeAggregation: rate
+                        functions:
+                        - name: median5
+                        groupBy:
+                        - fieldContext: resource
+                          name: service.name
+                        name: A
+                        signal: metrics
+                        stepInterval: 60s
+                      type: builder_query
+                  end: 1640998800000
+                  requestType: time_series
+                  schemaVersion: v1
+                  start: 1640995200000
+              function_runningdiff_disk_growth:
+                description: 'runningDiff turns a gauge into the change between consecutive
+                  points, so a filesystem usage gauge becomes bytes written per step.
+                  It takes no arguments and drops the first point of the window, since
+                  that point has nothing to difference against; the server reads one
+                  step before the window to keep the first interval. Functions apply
+                  in order: clampMin with 0 runs on the differences and replaces the
+                  negative value a cleanup or a volume reset produces with zero.'
+                summary: 'runningDiff then clampMin: bytes written to disk per step'
+                value:
+                  compositeQuery:
+                    queries:
+                    - spec:
+                        aggregations:
+                        - metricName: system.filesystem.usage
+                          spaceAggregation: sum
+                          timeAggregation: latest
+                        filter:
+                          expression: state = 'used'
+                        functions:
+                        - name: runningDiff
+                        - args:
+                          - value: 0
+                          name: clampMin
+                        groupBy:
+                        - fieldContext: resource
+                          name: host.name
+                        name: A
+                        signal: metrics
+                        stepInterval: 60s
+                      type: builder_query
+                  end: 1640998800000
+                  requestType: time_series
+                  schemaVersion: v1
+                  start: 1640995200000
+              function_timeshift_week_over_week:
+                description: timeShift moves every point of its query forward by the
+                  argument, in seconds, so a series read from the past lands on the
+                  current timestamps. B here reads the hour exactly seven days (604800
+                  s) before the requested window and comes back on this week's timestamps,
+                  so it overlays A on a chart and the formula can subtract it point
+                  by point. The argument is positive; it says how far back to read.
+                summary: 'timeShift: this week''s error logs next to last week''s'
+                value:
+                  compositeQuery:
+                    queries:
+                    - spec:
+                        aggregations:
+                        - alias: errors
+                          expression: count()
+                        filter:
+                          expression: severity_text = 'ERROR'
+                        name: A
+                        signal: logs
+                        stepInterval: 60s
+                      type: builder_query
+                    - spec:
+                        aggregations:
+                        - alias: errors
+                          expression: count()
+                        filter:
+                          expression: severity_text = 'ERROR'
+                        functions:
+                        - args:
+                          - value: 604800
+                          name: timeShift
+                        name: B
+                        signal: logs
+                        stepInterval: 60s
+                      type: builder_query
+                    - spec:
+                        expression: A - B
+                        name: F1
+                      type: builder_formula
+                  end: 1640998800000
+                  requestType: time_series
+                  schemaVersion: v1
+                  start: 1640995200000
               logs_raw:
                 summary: 'Raw: fetch raw log records'
                 value:

ee/auditor/kafkaauditor/export.go

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package kafkaauditor
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"log/slog"
+
+	"github.com/twmb/franz-go/pkg/kgo"
+
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/auditor"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/audittypes"
+)
+
+// Produces the whole batch as a single record so the collector's otlp_proto unmarshaler reads it as one ExportLogsServiceRequest.
+func (provider *provider) export(ctx context.Context, events []audittypes.AuditEvent) error {
+	logs := audittypes.NewPLogsFromAuditEvents(events, "signoz", provider.build.Version(), "signoz.audit")
+
+	value, err := provider.marshaler.MarshalLogs(logs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, errors.TypeInternal, auditor.ErrCodeAuditExportFailed, "failed to marshal audit logs")
+	}
+
+	record := &kgo.Record{Topic: provider.config.Kafka.Topic, Value: value}
+	if err := provider.client.ProduceSync(ctx, record).FirstErr(); err != nil {
+		provider.settings.Logger().ErrorContext(ctx, "audit export failed", errors.Attr(err), slog.Int("dropped_log_records", len(events)))
+
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, errors.TypeInternal, auditor.ErrCodeAuditExportFailed, "failed to produce audit logs to topic %q", provider.config.Kafka.Topic)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

ee/auditor/kafkaauditor/provider.go

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+package kafkaauditor
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"log/slog"
+
+	"github.com/twmb/franz-go/pkg/kgo"
+	"github.com/twmb/franz-go/plugin/kslog"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/plog"
+
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/auditor"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/auditor/auditorserver"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/factory"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/licensing"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/audittypes"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/version"
+)
+
+var _ auditor.Auditor = (*provider)(nil)
+
+type provider struct {
+	settings  factory.ScopedProviderSettings
+	config    auditor.Config
+	licensing licensing.Licensing
+	build     version.Build
+	server    *auditorserver.Server
+	marshaler plog.ProtoMarshaler
+	client    *kgo.Client
+}
+
+func NewFactory(licensing licensing.Licensing, build version.Build) factory.ProviderFactory[auditor.Auditor, auditor.Config] {
+	return factory.NewProviderFactory(factory.MustNewName("kafka"), func(ctx context.Context, providerSettings factory.ProviderSettings, config auditor.Config) (auditor.Auditor, error) {
+		return newProvider(ctx, providerSettings, config, licensing, build)
+	})
+}
+
+func newProvider(_ context.Context, providerSettings factory.ProviderSettings, config auditor.Config, licensing licensing.Licensing, build version.Build) (auditor.Auditor, error) {
+	settings := factory.NewScopedProviderSettings(providerSettings, "github.com/SigNoz/signoz/ee/auditor/kafkaauditor")
+
+	// Acks from all in-sync replicas, idempotent writes and unbounded record retries are franz-go defaults and are kept as is.
+	// A delivery timeout or retry limit lets franz-go < v1.22.2 ack a record that was never written (twmb/franz-go#1484).
+	client, err := kgo.NewClient(
+		kgo.SeedBrokers(config.Kafka.Brokers...),
+		kgo.ClientID(config.Kafka.ClientID),
+		kgo.ProducerBatchCompression(compressionCodec(config.Kafka.Compression)),
+		kgo.ProducerLinger(0),
+		kgo.WithLogger(kslog.New(settings.Logger())),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	provider := &provider{
+		settings:  settings,
+		config:    config,
+		licensing: licensing,
+		build:     build,
+		marshaler: plog.ProtoMarshaler{},
+		client:    client,
+	}
+
+	server, err := auditorserver.New(settings,
+		auditorserver.Config{
+			BufferSize:    config.BufferSize,
+			BatchSize:     config.BatchSize,
+			FlushInterval: config.FlushInterval,
+		},
+		provider.export,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		client.Close()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	provider.server = server
+	return provider, nil
+}
+
+func (provider *provider) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return provider.server.Start(ctx)
+}
+
+func (provider *provider) Audit(ctx context.Context, event audittypes.AuditEvent) {
+	if event.PrincipalAttributes.PrincipalOrgID.IsZero() {
+		provider.settings.Logger().WarnContext(ctx, "audit event dropped as org_id is zero")
+		return
+	}
+
+	if _, err := provider.licensing.GetActive(ctx, event.PrincipalAttributes.PrincipalOrgID); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	provider.server.Add(ctx, event)
+}
+
+func (provider *provider) Healthy() <-chan struct{} {
+	return provider.server.Healthy()
+}
+
+func (provider *provider) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, provider.config.Kafka.ShutdownTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	stoppedC := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { stoppedC <- provider.server.Stop(ctx) }()
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-stoppedC:
+		provider.client.Close()
+		return err
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		provider.settings.Logger().WarnContext(ctx, "audit drain timed out, closing kafka client", slog.Duration("shutdown_timeout", provider.config.Kafka.ShutdownTimeout))
+		// Closing fails buffered and in-flight records, so the blocked export and the rest of the drain return immediately.
+		provider.client.Close()
+		return <-stoppedC
+	}
+}
+
+func compressionCodec(name string) kgo.CompressionCodec {
+	switch name {
+	case "gzip":
+		return kgo.GzipCompression()
+	case "snappy":
+		return kgo.SnappyCompression()
+	case "lz4":
+		return kgo.Lz4Compression()
+	case "zstd":
+		return kgo.ZstdCompression()
+	default:
+		return kgo.NoCompression()
+	}
+}

ee/auditor/kafkaauditor/provider_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+package kafkaauditor
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"github.com/twmb/franz-go/pkg/kerr"
+	"github.com/twmb/franz-go/pkg/kfake"
+	"github.com/twmb/franz-go/pkg/kgo"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/plog"
+
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/auditor"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/instrumentation/instrumentationtest"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/audittypes"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/coretypes"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/version"
+)
+
+func newTestCluster(t *testing.T, topics ...string) *kfake.Cluster {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	cluster, err := kfake.NewCluster(kfake.NumBrokers(1), kfake.SeedTopics(1, topics...))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(cluster.Close)
+
+	return cluster
+}
+
+func newTestProvider(t *testing.T, brokers []string, topic string, compression string) *provider {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	config := auditor.Config{
+		Provider:      "kafka",
+		BufferSize:    10,
+		BatchSize:     5,
+		FlushInterval: 50 * time.Millisecond,
+		Kafka: auditor.KafkaConfig{
+			Brokers:         brokers,
+			Topic:           topic,
+			ClientID:        "signoz-test",
+			Compression:     compression,
+			ShutdownTimeout: 30 * time.Second,
+		},
+	}
+
+	auditor, err := newProvider(context.Background(), instrumentationtest.New().ToProviderSettings(), config, nil, version.Info)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	return auditor.(*provider)
+}
+
+func newTestEvent(resource coretypes.Resource, action coretypes.Verb, body string) audittypes.AuditEvent {
+	return audittypes.AuditEvent{
+		Timestamp: time.Now(),
+		Body:      body,
+		EventName: audittypes.NewEventName(action),
+		AuditAttributes: audittypes.AuditAttributes{
+			Action:  action,
+			Outcome: audittypes.OutcomeSuccess,
+		},
+		ResourceAttributes: audittypes.ResourceAttributes{
+			Resource: resource,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// Polls the topic until the consumed records hold wantLogRecords audit log records in total.
+func consumeRecords(t *testing.T, brokers []string, topic string, wantLogRecords int) []*kgo.Record {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	client, err := kgo.NewClient(
+		kgo.SeedBrokers(brokers...),
+		kgo.ConsumeTopics(topic),
+		kgo.ConsumeResetOffset(kgo.NewOffset().AtStart()),
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer client.Close()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	var records []*kgo.Record
+	gotLogRecords := 0
+	for gotLogRecords < wantLogRecords {
+		fetches := client.PollFetches(ctx)
+		require.NoError(t, ctx.Err(), "timed out waiting for %d log records, got %d", wantLogRecords, gotLogRecords)
+		require.Empty(t, fetches.Errors())
+
+		for _, record := range fetches.Records() {
+			logs, err := (&plog.ProtoUnmarshaler{}).UnmarshalLogs(record.Value)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			gotLogRecords += logs.LogRecordCount()
+			records = append(records, record)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return records
+}
+
+func TestExport(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name            string
+		compression     string
+		compressionType uint8
+	}{
+		{name: "CompressionNone", compression: "none", compressionType: 0},
+		{name: "CompressionGzip", compression: "gzip", compressionType: 1},
+		{name: "CompressionSnappy", compression: "snappy", compressionType: 2},
+		{name: "CompressionLz4", compression: "lz4", compressionType: 3},
+		{name: "CompressionZstd", compression: "zstd", compressionType: 4},
+	}
+
+	for _, testCase := range testCases {
+		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cluster := newTestCluster(t, "tenant_audit")
+			provider := newTestProvider(t, cluster.ListenAddrs(), "tenant_audit", testCase.compression)
+			defer provider.client.Close()
+
+			events := []audittypes.AuditEvent{
+				newTestEvent(coretypes.ResourceUser, coretypes.VerbUpdate, "user updated"),
+				newTestEvent(coretypes.ResourceMetaResourceDashboard, coretypes.VerbCreate, "dashboard created"),
+				newTestEvent(coretypes.ResourceMetaResourceDashboard, coretypes.VerbDelete, "dashboard deleted"),
+			}
+			require.NoError(t, provider.export(context.Background(), events))
+
+			records := consumeRecords(t, cluster.ListenAddrs(), "tenant_audit", len(events))
+			require.Len(t, records, 1)
+			assert.Equal(t, "tenant_audit", records[0].Topic)
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.compressionType, records[0].Attrs.CompressionType())
+
+			logs, err := (&plog.ProtoUnmarshaler{}).UnmarshalLogs(records[0].Value)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, len(events), logs.LogRecordCount())
+
+			serviceName, ok := logs.ResourceLogs().At(0).Resource().Attributes().Get("service.name")
+			require.True(t, ok)
+			assert.Equal(t, "signoz", serviceName.Str())
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExport_RecordTooLarge(t *testing.T) {
+	cluster := newTestCluster(t, "large_audit")
+	provider := newTestProvider(t, cluster.ListenAddrs(), "large_audit", "none")
+	defer provider.client.Close()
+
+	event := newTestEvent(coretypes.ResourceUser, coretypes.VerbCreate, strings.Repeat("a", 2<<20))
+
+	err := provider.export(context.Background(), []audittypes.AuditEvent{event})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, errors.Is(err, kerr.MessageTooLarge))
+}
+
+func TestExport_UnknownTopic(t *testing.T) {
+	cluster := newTestCluster(t)
+	provider := newTestProvider(t, cluster.ListenAddrs(), "missing_audit", "lz4")
+	defer provider.client.Close()
+
+	err := provider.export(context.Background(), []audittypes.AuditEvent{newTestEvent(coretypes.ResourceUser, coretypes.VerbCreate, "user created")})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, errors.Is(err, kerr.UnknownTopicOrPartition))
+}
+
+func TestExport_BrokerDown_RetriesUntilContextDone(t *testing.T) {
+	cluster := newTestCluster(t, "down_audit")
+	brokers := cluster.ListenAddrs()
+	cluster.Close()
+
+	provider := newTestProvider(t, brokers, "down_audit", "lz4")
+	defer provider.client.Close()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 500*time.Millisecond)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	err := provider.export(ctx, []audittypes.AuditEvent{newTestEvent(coretypes.ResourceUser, coretypes.VerbCreate, "user created")})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded))
+	assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, time.Since(start), 500*time.Millisecond)
+}
+
+func TestStop_DrainsQueuedEvents(t *testing.T) {
+	cluster := newTestCluster(t, "drain_audit")
+	provider := newTestProvider(t, cluster.ListenAddrs(), "drain_audit", "lz4")
+
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { done <- provider.Start(context.Background()) }()
+	<-provider.Healthy()
+
+	for range 7 {
+		provider.server.Add(context.Background(), newTestEvent(coretypes.ResourceUser, coretypes.VerbUpdate, "user updated"))
+	}
+
+	require.NoError(t, provider.Stop(context.Background()))
+	require.NoError(t, <-done)
+
+	records := consumeRecords(t, cluster.ListenAddrs(), "drain_audit", 7)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, records)
+}
+
+func TestStop_BrokerDown_ClosesAfterShutdownTimeout(t *testing.T) {
+	cluster := newTestCluster(t, "stuck_audit")
+	brokers := cluster.ListenAddrs()
+	cluster.Close()
+
+	provider := newTestProvider(t, brokers, "stuck_audit", "lz4")
+	provider.config.Kafka.ShutdownTimeout = 500 * time.Millisecond
+
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { done <- provider.Start(context.Background()) }()
+	<-provider.Healthy()
+
+	for range 7 {
+		provider.server.Add(context.Background(), newTestEvent(coretypes.ResourceUser, coretypes.VerbUpdate, "user updated"))
+	}
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	require.NoError(t, provider.Stop(context.Background()))
+	require.NoError(t, <-done)
+	assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, time.Since(start), 500*time.Millisecond)
+	assert.Less(t, time.Since(start), 5*time.Second)
+}

frontend/src/api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas.ts

@@ -7079,7 +7079,7 @@ export interface Querybuildertypesv5QueryBuilderFormulaDTO {
 	 */
 	functions?: Querybuildertypesv5FunctionDTO[] | null;
 	/**
-	 * @description Accepted but currently ignored; the computed values are returned unfiltered.
+	 * @description A filter on the formula values, referencing the formula by its name or as __result, for example F1 > 0. A time series keeps only the points that match and drops a series with none left; a scalar result keeps only the rows that match.
 	 */
 	having?: Querybuildertypesv5HavingDTO;
 	/**

frontend/src/container/AIAssistant/components/ChatInput/ChatInput.tsx

@@ -21,14 +21,15 @@ import {
 	useListDashboardsForUserV2,
 } from 'api/generated/services/dashboard';
 import {
-	getListRulesQueryKey,
-	useListRules,
+	getListRulesV3QueryKey,
+	useListRulesV3,
 } from 'api/generated/services/rules';
 import type {
 	DashboardtypesListedDashboardForUserV2DTO,
 	ListDashboardsForUserV2200,
 	ListDashboardsForUserV2Params,
-	ListRules200,
+	ListRulesV3200,
+	ListRulesV3Params,
 } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import logEvent from 'api/common/logEvent';
 import { useQueryService } from 'hooks/useQueryService';
@@ -179,6 +180,9 @@ const VOICE_UNAVAILABLE_KEY = 'ai-assistant-voice-unavailable';
  */
 const DASHBOARD_LIST_PARAMS: ListDashboardsForUserV2Params = { limit: 1000 };
 
+/** Same as dashboards. 200 is the most the rules list returns per call. */
+const ALERT_RULE_LIST_PARAMS: ListRulesV3Params = { limit: 200 };
+
 function dashboardTitle(
 	dashboard: DashboardtypesListedDashboardForUserV2DTO,
 ): string {
@@ -755,7 +759,7 @@ export default function ChatInput({
 		data: alertsResponse,
 		isLoading: isAlertsLoading,
 		isError: isAlertsError,
-	} = useListRules({
+	} = useListRulesV3(ALERT_RULE_LIST_PARAMS, {
 		query: {
 			enabled: isContextPickerOpen && activeContextCategory === 'Alerts',
 			staleTime: Infinity,
@@ -804,10 +808,10 @@ export default function ChatInput({
 				}
 			}
 			if (ctx.type === 'alert' && ctx.resourceId) {
-				const cached = queryClient.getQueryData<ListRules200>(
-					getListRulesQueryKey(),
+				const cached = queryClient.getQueryData<ListRulesV3200>(
+					getListRulesV3QueryKey(ALERT_RULE_LIST_PARAMS),
 				);
-				const rule = cached?.data?.find((r) => r.id === ctx.resourceId);
+				const rule = cached?.data.rules.find((r) => r.id === ctx.resourceId);
 				if (rule?.alert) {
 					return rule.alert;
 				}
@@ -835,8 +839,8 @@ export default function ChatInput({
 					value: dashboardTitle(dashboard),
 				})) ?? [],
 			Alerts:
-				alertsResponse?.data
-					?.filter((alertRule) => Boolean(alertRule.alert))
+				alertsResponse?.data.rules
+					.filter((alertRule) => Boolean(alertRule.alert))
 					.map((alertRule) => ({
 						id: alertRule.id,
 						value: alertRule.alert,
@@ -1059,6 +1063,7 @@ export default function ChatInput({
 												color="secondary"
 												size="sm"
 												id={`ai-context-tab-${category}`}
+												testId={`ai-context-tab-${category}`}
 												// Single stable panel id shared by every tab: only the
 												// active category's tabpanel is rendered, so per-category
 												// `aria-controls` ids would point at nonexistent nodes

frontend/src/container/AIAssistant/components/ChatInput/__tests__/ChatInput.alertsPicker.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+import {
+	alertRulesFixture,
+	listRulesV3Response,
+} from 'mocks-server/__mockdata__/alert_rules';
+import { rest, server } from 'mocks-server/server';
+import { render, screen, userEvent } from 'tests/test-utils';
+
+jest.mock('api/generated/services/dashboard', () => ({
+	useListDashboardsForUserV2: (): unknown => ({
+		data: undefined,
+		isLoading: false,
+		isError: false,
+	}),
+	getListDashboardsForUserV2QueryKey: (): string[] => ['dashboards'],
+}));
+
+jest.mock('hooks/useQueryService', () => ({
+	useQueryService: (): unknown => ({
+		data: [],
+		isLoading: false,
+		isFetching: false,
+		isError: false,
+	}),
+}));
+
+jest.mock('../../../hooks/useSpeechRecognition', () => ({
+	useSpeechRecognition: (): unknown => ({
+		isListening: false,
+		isSupported: false,
+		permission: 'prompt',
+		start: jest.fn(),
+		discard: jest.fn(),
+	}),
+}));
+
+jest.mock('../../../hooks/useAIAssistantAnalyticsContext', () => ({
+	useAIAssistantAnalyticsContext: (): unknown => ({
+		threadId: undefined,
+		page: '/',
+		mode: 'sidepane',
+	}),
+}));
+
+// eslint-disable-next-line import/first
+import ChatInput from '../ChatInput';
+
+describe('ChatInput — alerts context picker', () => {
+	it('lists the rules from one v3 rules request', async () => {
+		const [first, second] = alertRulesFixture;
+		const requests: string[] = [];
+		server.use(
+			rest.get('http://localhost/api/v3/rules', (req, res, ctx) => {
+				requests.push(req.url.search);
+				return res(
+					ctx.status(200),
+					ctx.json(listRulesV3Response([first, second], req.url.searchParams)),
+				);
+			}),
+		);
+
+		render(<ChatInput onSend={jest.fn()} />);
+
+		await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /add context/i }));
+		await userEvent.click(await screen.findByTestId('ai-context-tab-Alerts'));
+
+		await expect(screen.findByText(first.alert)).resolves.toBeInTheDocument();
+		expect(screen.getByText(second.alert)).toBeInTheDocument();
+		expect(requests).toStrictEqual(['?limit=200']);
+	});
+});

frontend/src/container/AIAssistant/components/ChatInput/__tests__/ChatInput.prefill.test.tsx

@@ -12,8 +12,12 @@ jest.mock('api/generated/services/dashboard', () => ({
 }));
 
 jest.mock('api/generated/services/rules', () => ({
-	useListRules: (): unknown => ({ data: [], isLoading: false, isError: false }),
-	getListRulesQueryKey: (): string[] => ['rules'],
+	useListRulesV3: (): unknown => ({
+		data: undefined,
+		isLoading: false,
+		isError: false,
+	}),
+	getListRulesV3QueryKey: (): string[] => ['rules'],
 }));
 
 jest.mock('hooks/useQueryService', () => ({

frontend/src/container/CreateAlertV2/Footer/Footer.tsx

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import { buildCreateAlertRulePayload, validateCreateAlertState } from './utils';
 import './styles.scss';
 import {
 	invalidateGetRuleByID,
-	invalidateListRules,
+	invalidateListRulesV3,
 } from 'api/generated/services/rules';
 import { useQueryClient } from 'react-query';
 
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ function Footer(): JSX.Element {
 				{
 					onSuccess: () => {
 						void invalidateGetRuleByID(queryClient, { id: ruleId });
-						void invalidateListRules(queryClient);
+						void invalidateListRulesV3(queryClient);
 
 						toast.success('Alert rule updated successfully');
 						safeNavigate('/alerts');

frontend/src/container/Home/AlertRules/AlertRules.tsx

@@ -1,24 +1,22 @@
-import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+import { useEffect } from 'react';
 import { Button, Skeleton } from 'antd';
 import { Badge } from '@signozhq/ui/badge';
 import logEvent from 'api/common/logEvent';
-import { useListRules } from 'api/generated/services/rules';
-import type { RuletypesRuleDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+import type { RuletypesListableRuleDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import { QueryParams } from 'constants/query';
 import ROUTES from 'constants/routes';
 import { AppLink } from 'lib/router/AppLink';
 import { navigate } from 'lib/router/navigation';
 import { useAppLocation } from 'lib/router/useAppLocation';
-import { mapQueryDataFromApi } from 'lib/newQueryBuilder/queryBuilderMappers/mapQueryDataFromApi';
 import { ArrowRight, ArrowUpRight, Plus } from '@signozhq/icons';
 import Card from 'periscope/components/Card/Card';
 import { useAppContext } from 'providers/App/App';
-import { toCompositeMetricQuery } from 'types/api/alerts/convert';
 import { USER_ROLES } from 'types/roles';
 
 import beaconUrl from '@/assets/Icons/beacon.svg';
 
 import { getItemIcon } from '../constants';
+import { useHomeAlertRules } from './useHomeAlertRules';
 
 export default function AlertRules({
 	onUpdateChecklistDoneItem,
@@ -28,49 +26,19 @@ export default function AlertRules({
 	loadingUserPreferences: boolean;
 }): JSX.Element {
 	const { user } = useAppContext();
-	const [rulesExist, setRulesExist] = useState(false);
-
-	const [sortedAlertRules, setSortedAlertRules] = useState<RuletypesRuleDTO[]>(
-		[],
-	);
 
 	const location = useAppLocation();
 	const params = new URLSearchParams(location.search);
 
 	// Fetch Alerts
-	const {
-		data: alerts,
-		isError,
-		isLoading,
-	} = useListRules({
-		query: { cacheTime: 0 },
-	});
+	const { rules: alertRules, isError, isLoading } = useHomeAlertRules();
+	const rulesExist = alertRules.length > 0;
 
 	useEffect(() => {
-		const rules = alerts?.data ?? [];
-		setRulesExist(rules.length > 0);
-
-		const sortedRules = [...rules].sort((a, b) => {
-			// First, prioritize firing alerts
-			if (a.state === 'firing' && b.state !== 'firing') {
-				return -1;
-			}
-			if (a.state !== 'firing' && b.state === 'firing') {
-				return 1;
-			}
-
-			// Then sort by updatedAt timestamp
-			return (
-				new Date(b.updatedAt ?? 0).getTime() - new Date(a.updatedAt ?? 0).getTime()
-			);
-		});
-
-		if (sortedRules.length > 0 && !loadingUserPreferences) {
+		if (rulesExist && !loadingUserPreferences) {
 			onUpdateChecklistDoneItem('SETUP_ALERTS');
 		}
-
-		setSortedAlertRules(sortedRules.slice(0, 5));
-	}, [alerts, onUpdateChecklistDoneItem, loadingUserPreferences]);
+	}, [rulesExist, onUpdateChecklistDoneItem, loadingUserPreferences]);
 
 	const emptyStateCard = (): JSX.Element => (
 		<div className="empty-state-container">
@@ -95,7 +63,7 @@ export default function AlertRules({
 								className="periscope-btn secondary"
 								icon={<Plus size={16} />}
 								onClick={(): void => {
-									logEvent('Homepage: Create alert rule clicked', {});
+									void logEvent('Homepage: Create alert rule clicked', {});
 								}}
 							>
 								Create Alert Rule
@@ -106,7 +74,7 @@ export default function AlertRules({
 							type="link"
 							className="learn-more-link"
 							onClick={(): void => {
-								logEvent('Homepage: Learn more clicked', {
+								void logEvent('Homepage: Learn more clicked', {
 									source: 'Alert Rules',
 								});
 
@@ -125,26 +93,13 @@ export default function AlertRules({
 		</div>
 	);
 
-	const onEditHandler = (record: RuletypesRuleDTO) => (): void => {
-		logEvent('Homepage: Alert clicked', {
+	const onEditHandler = (record: RuletypesListableRuleDTO) => (): void => {
+		void logEvent('Homepage: Alert clicked', {
 			ruleId: record.id,
 			ruleName: record.alert,
 			ruleState: record.state,
 		});
 
-		const compositeQuery = mapQueryDataFromApi(
-			toCompositeMetricQuery(record.condition.compositeQuery),
-		);
-		params.set(
-			QueryParams.compositeQuery,
-			encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify(compositeQuery)),
-		);
-
-		const panelType = record.condition.compositeQuery.panelType;
-		if (panelType) {
-			params.set(QueryParams.panelTypes, panelType);
-		}
-
 		params.set(QueryParams.ruleId, record.id);
 
 		navigate(`${ROUTES.ALERT_OVERVIEW}?${params.toString()}`);
@@ -153,11 +108,12 @@ export default function AlertRules({
 	const renderAlertRules = (): JSX.Element => (
 		<div className="alert-rules-container home-data-item-container">
 			<div className="alert-rules-list">
-				{sortedAlertRules.map((rule) => (
+				{alertRules.map((rule) => (
 					<div
 						role="button"
 						tabIndex={0}
 						className="alert-rule-item home-data-item"
+						data-testid={`home-alert-rule-${rule.id}`}
 						key={rule.id}
 						onClick={onEditHandler(rule)}
 						onKeyDown={(e): void => {
@@ -239,7 +195,7 @@ export default function AlertRules({
 								type="link"
 								className="periscope-btn link learn-more-link"
 								onClick={(): void => {
-									logEvent('Homepage: All alert rules clicked', {});
+									void logEvent('Homepage: All alert rules clicked', {});
 								}}
 							>
 								All Alert Rules <ArrowRight size={12} />

frontend/src/container/Home/AlertRules/useHomeAlertRules.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+import { useMemo } from 'react';
+import { useListRulesV3 } from 'api/generated/services/rules';
+import {
+	type ListRulesV3200,
+	type ListRulesV3Params,
+	RuletypesAlertStateDTO,
+	type RuletypesListableRuleDTO,
+} from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+import { GeneratedAPIInstance } from 'api/generatedAPIInstance';
+
+const HOME_ALERT_RULES_LIMIT = 5;
+
+const FIRING_RULES_PARAMS: ListRulesV3Params = {
+	states: [RuletypesAlertStateDTO.firing],
+	limit: HOME_ALERT_RULES_LIMIT,
+};
+
+interface HomeAlertRules {
+	rules: RuletypesListableRuleDTO[];
+	isLoading: boolean;
+	isError: boolean;
+}
+
+export function useHomeAlertRules(): HomeAlertRules {
+	const firing = useListRulesV3(FIRING_RULES_PARAMS, {
+		query: {
+			cacheTime: 0,
+			// The backend binds repeated `states=` keys; axios' default sends `states[]=`.
+			queryFn: ({ signal }) =>
+				GeneratedAPIInstance<ListRulesV3200>({
+					url: '/api/v3/rules',
+					method: 'GET',
+					params: FIRING_RULES_PARAMS,
+					paramsSerializer: { indexes: null },
+					signal,
+				}),
+		},
+	});
+	const firingRules = firing.data?.data.rules;
+	const latest = useListRulesV3(
+		{ limit: HOME_ALERT_RULES_LIMIT },
+		{
+			query: {
+				cacheTime: 0,
+				enabled:
+					firingRules !== undefined && firingRules.length < HOME_ALERT_RULES_LIMIT,
+			},
+		},
+	);
+
+	const rules = useMemo(() => {
+		const firingIds = new Set(firingRules?.map(({ id }) => id));
+		const others = (latest.data?.data.rules ?? []).filter(
+			({ id }) => !firingIds.has(id),
+		);
+		return [...(firingRules ?? []), ...others].slice(0, HOME_ALERT_RULES_LIMIT);
+	}, [firingRules, latest.data]);
+
+	return {
+		rules,
+		isLoading: firing.isLoading || latest.isLoading,
+		isError: firing.isError || latest.isError,
+	};
+}

frontend/src/container/Home/__tests__/AlertRules.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+import {
+	RuletypesAlertStateDTO,
+	type RuletypesRuleDTO,
+} from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+import { QueryParams } from 'constants/query';
+import ROUTES from 'constants/routes';
+import { navigate } from 'lib/router/navigation';
+import {
+	alertRulesFixture,
+	listRulesV3Response,
+} from 'mocks-server/__mockdata__/alert_rules';
+import { rest, server } from 'mocks-server/server';
+import { render, screen, userEvent } from 'tests/test-utils';
+
+import AlertRules from '../AlertRules/AlertRules';
+
+jest.mock('lib/router/navigation', () => ({
+	...jest.requireActual('lib/router/navigation'),
+	navigate: jest.fn(),
+}));
+
+const rule = (id: string, state: RuletypesAlertStateDTO): RuletypesRuleDTO => ({
+	...alertRulesFixture[0],
+	id,
+	alert: `${id} rule`,
+	state,
+});
+
+const burning = rule('burning', RuletypesAlertStateDTO.firing);
+const quiet = rule('quiet', RuletypesAlertStateDTO.inactive);
+const waiting = rule('waiting', RuletypesAlertStateDTO.pending);
+
+const serveRules = (
+	rules: RuletypesRuleDTO[],
+	rulesForLatest = rules,
+): string[] => {
+	const requestedStates: string[] = [];
+	server.use(
+		rest.get('http://localhost/api/v3/rules', (req, res, ctx) => {
+			const states = req.url.searchParams.getAll('states').join();
+			requestedStates.push(states);
+			return res(
+				ctx.status(200),
+				ctx.json(
+					listRulesV3Response(
+						states === 'firing' ? rules : rulesForLatest,
+						req.url.searchParams,
+					),
+				),
+			);
+		}),
+	);
+	return requestedStates;
+};
+
+const renderAlertRules = (): void => {
+	render(
+		<AlertRules
+			onUpdateChecklistDoneItem={jest.fn()}
+			loadingUserPreferences={false}
+		/>,
+	);
+};
+
+const renderedRuleIds = (): (string | undefined)[] =>
+	screen.getAllByTestId(/^home-alert-rule-/).map((row) => row.dataset.testid);
+
+describe('Home alert rules', () => {
+	it('lists firing rules first, then the latest others, and opens the clicked rule', async () => {
+		const requestedStates = serveRules([quiet, burning, waiting]);
+		renderAlertRules();
+
+		await expect(
+			screen.findByTestId('home-alert-rule-waiting'),
+		).resolves.toBeInTheDocument();
+		expect(renderedRuleIds()).toStrictEqual([
+			'home-alert-rule-burning',
+			'home-alert-rule-quiet',
+			'home-alert-rule-waiting',
+		]);
+		expect(requestedStates).toStrictEqual(['firing', '']);
+
+		const user = userEvent.setup({ pointerEventsCheck: 0 });
+		await user.click(screen.getByTestId('home-alert-rule-burning'));
+		expect(navigate).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+			`${ROUTES.ALERT_OVERVIEW}?${QueryParams.ruleId}=burning`,
+		);
+	});
+
+	it('skips the latest rules request when 5 rules are firing', async () => {
+		const firing = Array.from({ length: 5 }, (_, index) =>
+			rule(`firing-${index}`, RuletypesAlertStateDTO.firing),
+		);
+		const requestedStates = serveRules([quiet, ...firing]);
+		renderAlertRules();
+
+		await expect(
+			screen.findByTestId('home-alert-rule-firing-4'),
+		).resolves.toBeInTheDocument();
+		expect(renderedRuleIds()).toStrictEqual(
+			firing.map(({ id }) => `home-alert-rule-${id}`),
+		);
+		expect(requestedStates).toStrictEqual(['firing']);
+	});
+
+	it('shows a rule once when it stops firing between the two requests', async () => {
+		const settled = { ...burning, state: RuletypesAlertStateDTO.inactive };
+		serveRules([burning], [settled, quiet]);
+		renderAlertRules();
+
+		await expect(
+			screen.findByTestId('home-alert-rule-quiet'),
+		).resolves.toBeInTheDocument();
+		expect(renderedRuleIds()).toStrictEqual([
+			'home-alert-rule-burning',
+			'home-alert-rule-quiet',
+		]);
+	});
+});

frontend/src/container/PlannedDowntime/PlannedDowntime.tsx

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ import {
 	useDeleteDowntimeScheduleByID,
 	useListDowntimeSchedules,
 } from 'api/generated/services/downtimeschedules';
-import { useListRules } from 'api/generated/services/rules';
 import type { AlertmanagertypesPlannedMaintenanceDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import { ColumnSelector } from 'components/TanStackTableView';
 import TextToolTip from 'components/TextToolTip';
 import dayjs from 'dayjs';
+import { useListAllRules } from 'hooks/alerts/useListAllRules';
 import useDebouncedFn from 'hooks/useDebouncedFunction';
 import { useNotifications } from 'hooks/useNotifications';
 import useUrlQuery from 'hooks/useUrlQuery';
@@ -55,9 +55,7 @@ export function PlannedDowntime(): JSX.Element {
 		isError,
 		isLoading,
 		isFetching: isFetchingAlerts,
-	} = useListRules({
-		query: { cacheTime: 0 },
-	});
+	} = useListAllRules({ cacheTime: 0 });
 	const [isOpen, setIsOpen] = React.useState(false);
 	const [form] = Form.useForm();
 	const { user } = useAppContext();
@@ -73,7 +71,7 @@ export function PlannedDowntime(): JSX.Element {
 	const downtimeSchedules = useListDowntimeSchedules();
 	const alertOptions = React.useMemo(
 		() =>
-			alertsData?.data?.map((i) => ({
+			alertsData?.map((i) => ({
 				label: i.alert,
 				value: i.id,
 			})),
@@ -181,7 +179,7 @@ export function PlannedDowntime(): JSX.Element {
 	};
 
 	const refetchAllSchedules = (): void => {
-		downtimeSchedules.refetch();
+		void downtimeSchedules.refetch();
 	};
 
 	const {

frontend/src/container/PlannedDowntime/__test__/PlannedDowntime.test.tsx

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { fireEvent, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
 import type {
 	ListDowntimeSchedules200,
 	RenderErrorResponseDTO,
+	RuletypesListableRuleDTO,
 } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import {
 	AlertmanagertypesRepeatOnDTO,
@@ -126,19 +127,19 @@ jest.mock('api/generated/services/downtimeschedules', () => ({
 }));
 
 let mockRulesState: {
-	data?: { data: Array<{ id: number | string; alert: string }> };
+	data?: Pick<RuletypesListableRuleDTO, 'id' | 'alert'>[];
 	isError: boolean;
 	isLoading: boolean;
 	isFetching: boolean;
 } = {
-	data: { data: [] },
+	data: [],
 	isError: false,
 	isLoading: false,
 	isFetching: false,
 };
 
-jest.mock('api/generated/services/rules', () => ({
-	useListRules: (): typeof mockRulesState => mockRulesState,
+jest.mock('hooks/alerts/useListAllRules', () => ({
+	useListAllRules: (): typeof mockRulesState => mockRulesState,
 }));
 
 describe('PlannedDowntime Component', () => {
@@ -151,7 +152,7 @@ describe('PlannedDowntime Component', () => {
 		});
 		mockDowntimeQueryResult.data = MOCK_DOWNTIME_RESPONSE;
 		mockRulesState = {
-			data: { data: [] },
+			data: [],
 			isError: false,
 			isLoading: false,
 			isFetching: false,
@@ -362,7 +363,7 @@ describe('PlannedDowntime Component', () => {
 
 	it('shows "Unknown rule" when scoped rule IDs cannot be resolved (Bug 56)', async () => {
 		mockRulesState = {
-			data: { data: [] },
+			data: [],
 			isError: false,
 			isLoading: false,
 			isFetching: false,
@@ -387,14 +388,7 @@ describe('PlannedDowntime Component', () => {
 
 	it('shows resolved alert rule name when scoped rule ID exists', async () => {
 		mockRulesState = {
-			data: {
-				data: [
-					{
-						id: 'rule-42',
-						alert: 'Disk Space High',
-					} as any,
-				],
-			},
+			data: [{ id: 'rule-42', alert: 'Disk Space High' }],
 			isError: false,
 			isLoading: false,
 			isFetching: false,

frontend/src/hooks/alerts/__tests__/useListAllRules.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import {
+	alertRulesFixture,
+	listRulesV3Response,
+} from 'mocks-server/__mockdata__/alert_rules';
+import { rest, server } from 'mocks-server/server';
+import { AllTheProviders, renderHook, waitFor } from 'tests/test-utils';
+
+import { useListAllRules } from '../useListAllRules';
+
+const TOTAL = 250;
+
+const rules = Array.from({ length: TOTAL }, (_, index) => ({
+	...alertRulesFixture[0],
+	id: `rule-${index}`,
+	alert: `Rule ${index}`,
+}));
+
+describe('useListAllRules', () => {
+	it('fetches every page past the 200-rule cap', async () => {
+		const offsets: string[] = [];
+		server.use(
+			rest.get('http://localhost/api/v3/rules', (req, res, ctx) => {
+				offsets.push(req.url.searchParams.get('offset') ?? '');
+				return res(
+					ctx.status(200),
+					ctx.json(listRulesV3Response(rules, req.url.searchParams)),
+				);
+			}),
+		);
+
+		const { result } = renderHook(() => useListAllRules(), {
+			wrapper: AllTheProviders,
+		});
+
+		await waitFor(() => expect(result.current.isSuccess).toBe(true));
+		expect(result.current.data).toHaveLength(TOTAL);
+		expect(result.current.data?.[TOTAL - 1]?.id).toBe(`rule-${TOTAL - 1}`);
+		expect(offsets.sort()).toStrictEqual(['0', '200']);
+	});
+});

frontend/src/hooks/alerts/useListAllRules.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import { useQuery, UseQueryOptions, UseQueryResult } from 'react-query';
+import {
+	getListRulesV3QueryKey,
+	listRulesV3,
+} from 'api/generated/services/rules';
+import type { RuletypesListableRuleDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+import { range } from 'lodash-es';
+
+// The list API clamps any larger limit to 200.
+const PAGE_SIZE = 200;
+
+export const LIST_ALL_RULES_QUERY_KEY = [...getListRulesV3QueryKey(), 'all'];
+
+function fetchPage(offset: number): ReturnType<typeof listRulesV3> {
+	return listRulesV3({ limit: PAGE_SIZE, offset });
+}
+
+// TODO(AshwinBhatkal): temporary. Replace with server-side search plus a lookup of saved rules by ID once
+// /api/v3/rules can filter by IDs: https://github.com/SigNoz/pulse-pod/issues/715
+async function fetchAllRules(): Promise<RuletypesListableRuleDTO[]> {
+	const first = await fetchPage(0);
+	const rest = await Promise.all(
+		range(PAGE_SIZE, first.data.total, PAGE_SIZE).map(fetchPage),
+	);
+
+	return [...first.data.rules, ...rest.flatMap((page) => page.data.rules)];
+}
+
+export function useListAllRules(
+	options?: Omit<
+		UseQueryOptions<RuletypesListableRuleDTO[], Error>,
+		'queryKey' | 'queryFn'
+	>,
+): UseQueryResult<RuletypesListableRuleDTO[], Error> {
+	return useQuery<RuletypesListableRuleDTO[], Error>({
+		queryKey: LIST_ALL_RULES_QUERY_KEY,
+		queryFn: fetchAllRules,
+		...options,
+	});
+}

frontend/src/pages/AlertDetails/hooks.tsx

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import {
 	getGetRuleByIDQueryKey,
 	getGetRuleHistoryTimelineQueryOptions,
 	invalidateGetRuleByID,
-	invalidateListRules,
+	invalidateListRulesV3,
 	updateRuleByID,
 	useGetRuleByID,
 	useGetRuleHistoryOverallStatus,
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ export const useAlertRuleClone = ({
 					message: `Success`,
 				});
 
-				await invalidateListRules(queryClient);
+				await invalidateListRulesV3(queryClient);
 
 				params.set(QueryParams.ruleId, response.data.id);
 				navigate(`${ROUTES.ALERT_OVERVIEW}?${params.toString()}`);
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ export const useAlertRuleUpdate = ({
 						data: { ...existingRule.data, alert: intermediateName },
 					});
 				}
-				void invalidateListRules(queryClient);
+				void invalidateListRulesV3(queryClient);
 				notifications.success({ message: 'Alert renamed successfully' });
 			},
 			onError: (error) => {

frontend/src/pages/AlertList/PlannedDowntime/stories/PlannedDowntime.stories.mocks.tsx

@@ -17,10 +17,8 @@ import {
 	FIRST_DOWNTIME_NAME,
 } from './__story_mockdata__/plannedDowntime';
 
-import {
-	alertRulesResponse,
-	RULE_MAX,
-} from '../../stories/__story_mockdata__/alerts';
+import { alertRulesPage } from '../../AlertRules/stories/__story_mockdata__/ruleViews';
+import { RULE_MAX } from '../../stories/__story_mockdata__/alerts';
 import { AlertListSubTabs, AlertListTabs } from '../../types';
 
 const LIST = 'Planned downtime · list';
@@ -86,18 +84,20 @@ export const plannedDowntimeMocks = defineStoryMocks({
 				res(ctx.status(200), ctx.json({ status: 'success', data: null })),
 		),
 
-		rest.get('http://localhost/api/v2/rules', (_req, res, ctx) =>
-			values.rulesState === 'error'
-				? res(ctx.status(500), ctx.json({ status: 'error' }))
-				: res(
-						ctx.json(
-							alertRulesResponse(values.silencedRules, {
-								severity: 'mixed',
-								state: 'mixed',
-							}),
-						),
+		rest.get('http://localhost/api/v3/rules', (req, res, ctx) => {
+			if (values.rulesState === 'error') {
+				return res(ctx.status(500), ctx.json({ status: 'error' }));
+			}
+			return res(
+				ctx.json(
+					alertRulesPage(
+						values.silencedRules,
+						{ severity: 'mixed', state: 'mixed' },
+						req.url.searchParams,
 					),
-		),
+				),
+			);
+		}),
 	],
 	config: () => ({
 		route: `/alerts?tab=${AlertListTabs.CONFIGURATION}&subTab=${AlertListSubTabs.PLANNED_DOWNTIME}`,

frontend/src/pages/HomePage/stories/HomePage.stories.mocks.tsx

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
  * Do not hand-edit: regenerate instead.
  */
 
+import { listRulesV3Response } from 'mocks-server/__mockdata__/alert_rules';
 import { rest } from 'msw';
 
 import {
@@ -156,11 +157,13 @@ export const homeMocks = defineStoryMocks({
 		),
 
 		rest.get(
-			'http://localhost/api/v2/rules',
-			response.json(() => ({
-				status: 'success',
-				data: buildAlertRules(values.alertRules),
-			})),
+			'http://localhost/api/v3/rules',
+			response.json((req) =>
+				listRulesV3Response(
+					buildAlertRules(values.alertRules),
+					req.url.searchParams,
+				),
+			),
 		),
 
 		rest.get(

go.mod

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/SigNoz/clickhouse-go-mock v0.14.0
 	github.com/SigNoz/govaluate v0.0.0-20240203125216-988004ccc7fd
 	github.com/SigNoz/signoz-otel-collector v0.144.6
+	github.com/SigNoz/signoz-semantic-conventions/gen/go v0.0.1
 	github.com/antlr4-go/antlr/v4 v4.13.1
 	github.com/antonmedv/expr v1.15.3
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0
@@ -61,6 +62,9 @@ require (
 	github.com/swaggest/jsonschema-go v0.3.78
 	github.com/swaggest/rest v0.2.75
 	github.com/tidwall/gjson v1.18.0
+	github.com/twmb/franz-go v1.21.7
+	github.com/twmb/franz-go/pkg/kfake v0.0.0-20260421215025-4e7a1e1569ac
+	github.com/twmb/franz-go/plugin/kslog v1.0.0
 	github.com/uptrace/bun v1.2.9
 	github.com/uptrace/bun/dialect/pgdialect v1.2.9
 	github.com/uptrace/bun/dialect/sqlitedialect v1.2.9
@@ -144,6 +148,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/swaggest/refl v1.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/swaggest/usecase v1.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/twitchyliquid64/golang-asm v0.15.1 // indirect
+	github.com/twmb/franz-go/pkg/kmsg v1.13.1 // indirect
 	github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/uptrace/opentelemetry-go-extra/otelsql v0.3.2 // indirect
 	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 // indirect
@@ -243,7 +248,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/josharian/intern v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jpillora/backoff v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jtolds/gls v4.20.0+incompatible // indirect
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.5 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.19.2 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/lann/builder v0.0.0-20180802200727-47ae307949d0 // indirect
 	github.com/lann/ps v0.0.0-20150810152359-62de8c46ede0 // indirect
@@ -272,7 +277,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/openfga/openfga v1.14.1
 	github.com/paulmach/orb v0.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.4 // indirect
-	github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.25 // indirect
+	github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.26 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 // indirect
 	github.com/power-devops/perfstat v0.0.0-20240221224432-82ca36839d55 // indirect
 	github.com/pressly/goose/v3 v3.27.0 // indirect

go.sum

@@ -102,6 +102,8 @@ github.com/SigNoz/govaluate v0.0.0-20240203125216-988004ccc7fd h1:Bk43AsDYe0fhkb
 github.com/SigNoz/govaluate v0.0.0-20240203125216-988004ccc7fd/go.mod h1:nxRcH/OEdM8QxzH37xkGzomr1O0JpYBRS6pwjsWW6Pc=
 github.com/SigNoz/signoz-otel-collector v0.144.6 h1:AgblCIDlLKGtssS4ywvyEByH9fbJ7hFqZvPvUVJKwp8=
 github.com/SigNoz/signoz-otel-collector v0.144.6/go.mod h1:YRQw6ETaq7fm8ts4Itgb6wC0bVhc0+nC6PFI0MaiH9k=
+github.com/SigNoz/signoz-semantic-conventions/gen/go v0.0.1 h1:eKJ4vmSLYIfufgh+HaiJxXZts12Xz4jr81HMYYoQvMU=
+github.com/SigNoz/signoz-semantic-conventions/gen/go v0.0.1/go.mod h1:RSsdmH4/6H+EHeNPyqJ59dGdpKS0hl2p3T5g1NbehOU=
 github.com/Yiling-J/theine-go v0.6.2 h1:1GeoXeQ0O0AUkiwj2S9Jc0Mzx+hpqzmqsJ4kIC4M9AY=
 github.com/Yiling-J/theine-go v0.6.2/go.mod h1:08QpMa5JZ2pKN+UJCRrCasWYO1IKCdl54Xa836rpmDU=
 github.com/afex/hystrix-go v0.0.0-20180502004556-fa1af6a1f4f5/go.mod h1:SkGFH1ia65gfNATL8TAiHDNxPzPdmEL5uirI2Uyuz6c=
@@ -675,8 +677,8 @@ github.com/kisielk/errcheck v1.5.0/go.mod h1:pFxgyoBC7bSaBwPgfKdkLd5X25qrDl4LWUI
 github.com/kisielk/gotool v1.0.0/go.mod h1:XhKaO+MFFWcvkIS/tQcRk01m1F5IRFswLeQ+oQHNcck=
 github.com/kisielk/sqlstruct v0.0.0-20201105191214-5f3e10d3ab46/go.mod h1:yyMNCyc/Ib3bDTKd379tNMpB/7/H5TjM2Y9QJ5THLbE=
 github.com/klauspost/compress v1.13.6/go.mod h1:/3/Vjq9QcHkK5uEr5lBEmyoZ1iFhe47etQ6QUkpK6sk=
-github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.5 h1:/h1gH5Ce+VWNLSWqPzOVn6XBO+vJbCNGvjoaGBFW2IE=
-github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.5/go.mod h1:cwPg85FWrGar70rWktvGQj8/hthj3wpl0PGDogxkrSQ=
+github.com/klauspost/compress v1.19.2 h1:hMRETovs/pu/dVWN7zIT1PGG8t509MwT6bO7XSi26R8=
+github.com/klauspost/compress v1.19.2/go.mod h1:cwPg85FWrGar70rWktvGQj8/hthj3wpl0PGDogxkrSQ=
 github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.3.0 h1:S4CRMLnYUhGeDFDqkGriYKdfoFlDnMtqTiI/sFzhA9Y=
 github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:hqwkgyIinND0mEev00jJYCxPNVRVXFQeu1XKlok6oO0=
 github.com/knadh/koanf v1.5.0 h1:q2TSd/3Pyc/5yP9ldIrSdIz26MCcyNQzW0pEAugLPNs=
@@ -853,8 +855,8 @@ github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.4/go.mod h1:2gIqNv+qfxSVS7cM2xJQKtLSTLUE9V8
 github.com/perses/spec v0.1.2 h1:yGoygcR3ZusuGDCmRMwsVXCMvMwi1qZndKV6NYNreEw=
 github.com/perses/spec v0.1.2/go.mod h1:NoGI5jmGwRdkdPgyYSZJTBL4/Py+dqIPKS2QV8NOvGE=
 github.com/pierrec/lz4 v2.0.5+incompatible/go.mod h1:pdkljMzZIN41W+lC3N2tnIh5sFi+IEE17M5jbnwPHcY=
-github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.25 h1:kocOqRffaIbU5djlIBr7Wh+cx82C0vtFb0fOurZHqD0=
-github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.25/go.mod h1:EoQMVJgeeEOMsCqCzqFm2O0cJvljX2nGZjcRIPL34O4=
+github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.26 h1:GrpZw1gZttORinvzBdXPUXATeqlJjqUG/D87TKMnhjY=
+github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.26/go.mod h1:EoQMVJgeeEOMsCqCzqFm2O0cJvljX2nGZjcRIPL34O4=
 github.com/pkg/browser v0.0.0-20240102092130-5ac0b6a4141c h1:+mdjkGKdHQG3305AYmdv1U2eRNDiU2ErMBj1gwrq8eQ=
 github.com/pkg/browser v0.0.0-20240102092130-5ac0b6a4141c/go.mod h1:7rwL4CYBLnjLxUqIJNnCWiEdr3bn6IUYi15bNlnbCCU=
 github.com/pkg/diff v0.0.0-20210226163009-20ebb0f2a09e/go.mod h1:pJLUxLENpZxwdsKMEsNbx1VGcRFpLqf3715MtcvvzbA=
@@ -1055,6 +1057,16 @@ github.com/tmthrgd/go-hex v0.0.0-20190904060850-447a3041c3bc/go.mod h1:bciPuU6GH
 github.com/tv42/httpunix v0.0.0-20150427012821-b75d8614f926/go.mod h1:9ESjWnEqriFuLhtthL60Sar/7RFoluCcXsuvEwTV5KM=
 github.com/twitchyliquid64/golang-asm v0.15.1 h1:SU5vSMR7hnwNxj24w34ZyCi/FmDZTkS4MhqMhdFk5YI=
 github.com/twitchyliquid64/golang-asm v0.15.1/go.mod h1:a1lVb/DtPvCB8fslRZhAngC2+aY1QWCk3Cedj/Gdt08=
+github.com/twmb/franz-go v1.21.7 h1:/DkA/o8wQN55gZWtpj2QNb9SIdxwFR7M+NecQWMdmc0=
+github.com/twmb/franz-go v1.21.7/go.mod h1:89kLt1uhE1GkyossLHGdpAMFNK9mV8GYk1lfWu9FiNs=
+github.com/twmb/franz-go/pkg/kadm v1.18.0 h1:WRf/LZmDdcDXwX7WMbtDU++v+b3NzYh2bCGoPMmzirw=
+github.com/twmb/franz-go/pkg/kadm v1.18.0/go.mod h1:XeLhGoLXLFzK8/ryv5FfpxPxGwj4oFEGpPJMB/x6KDE=
+github.com/twmb/franz-go/pkg/kfake v0.0.0-20260421215025-4e7a1e1569ac h1:6Dn8at7J4+5A8H7NgVLcPj4dfVm4pRtUZMHxXmBKxJ4=
+github.com/twmb/franz-go/pkg/kfake v0.0.0-20260421215025-4e7a1e1569ac/go.mod h1:6ofUZL6jAhajJ5WAaJTX9rK3B1ozGDOwKyZczdGK8uE=
+github.com/twmb/franz-go/pkg/kmsg v1.13.1 h1:fG5kItwysTk5UXqVwb64EpQEy3TydF3vYYK21nUQ+bI=
+github.com/twmb/franz-go/pkg/kmsg v1.13.1/go.mod h1:+DPt4NC8RmI6hqb8G09+3giKObE6uD2Eya6CfqBpeJY=
+github.com/twmb/franz-go/plugin/kslog v1.0.0 h1:I64oEmF+0PDvmyLgwrlOtg4mfpSE9GwlcLxM4af2t60=
+github.com/twmb/franz-go/plugin/kslog v1.0.0/go.mod h1:8pMjK3OJJJNNYddBSbnXZkIK5dCKFIk9GcVVCDgvnQc=
 github.com/twmb/murmur3 v1.1.8 h1:8Yt9taO/WN3l08xErzjeschgZU2QSrwm1kclYq+0aRg=
 github.com/twmb/murmur3 v1.1.8/go.mod h1:Qq/R7NUyOfr65zD+6Q5IHKsJLwP7exErjN6lyyq3OSQ=
 github.com/ua-parser/uap-go v0.0.0-20240611065828-3a4781585db6 h1:SIKIoA4e/5Y9ZOl0DCe3eVMLPOQzJxgZpfdHHeauNTM=

pkg/alertmanager/alertmanagernotify/email/email_test.go

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"log/slog"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/textproto"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
@@ -706,7 +707,9 @@ func TestEmailRejected(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Send the alert to mock SMTP server.
 	retry, err := e.Notify(context.Background(), firingAlert)
-	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "501 5.5.4 Rejected!")
+	var smtpErr *textproto.Error
+	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &smtpErr)
+	assert.Equal(t, 501, smtpErr.Code)
 	assert.True(t, retry)
 	require.NoError(t, srv.Shutdown(ctx))
 

pkg/apiserver/signozapiserver/querier.go

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func (provider *provider) addQuerierRoutes(router *mux.Router) error {
 		Description:        "Execute a composite query over a time range. Supports builder queries (traces, logs, metrics), formulas, trace operators, PromQL, and ClickHouse SQL.",
 		Request:            new(qbtypes.QueryRangeRequest),
 		RequestContentType: "application/json",
-		RequestExamples: []handler.OpenAPIExample{
+		RequestExamples: append([]handler.OpenAPIExample{
 			{
 				Name:    "traces_time_series",
 				Summary: "Time series: count spans grouped by service",
@@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ func (provider *provider) addQuerierRoutes(router *mux.Router) error {
 					},
 				},
 			},
-		},
+		}, queryRangeFunctionExamples()...),
 		Response:            new(qbtypes.QueryRangeResponse),
 		ResponseContentType: "application/json",
 		SuccessStatusCode:   http.StatusOK,

pkg/apiserver/signozapiserver/querier_examples.go

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+package signozapiserver
+
+import "github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/http/handler"
+
+// timeSeriesExample wraps builder query specs in a one hour time series
+// request, the shape every function example shares.
+func timeSeriesExample(name, summary, description string, queries ...map[string]any) handler.OpenAPIExample {
+	list := make([]any, 0, len(queries))
+	for _, query := range queries {
+		list = append(list, query)
+	}
+	return handler.OpenAPIExample{
+		Name:        name,
+		Summary:     summary,
+		Description: description,
+		Value: map[string]any{
+			"schemaVersion":  "v1",
+			"start":          1640995200000,
+			"end":            1640998800000,
+			"requestType":    "time_series",
+			"compositeQuery": map[string]any{"queries": list},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func builderQueryEnvelope(spec map[string]any) map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{"type": "builder_query", "spec": spec}
+}
+
+// function builds a function entry with positional arguments; anomaly is the
+// one function that takes named arguments and is written out in full.
+func function(name string, args ...any) map[string]any {
+	list := make([]any, 0, len(args))
+	for _, arg := range args {
+		list = append(list, map[string]any{"value": arg})
+	}
+	entry := map[string]any{"name": name}
+	if len(list) > 0 {
+		entry["args"] = list
+	}
+	return entry
+}
+
+// queryRangeFunctionExamples shows every function a builder query can carry,
+// what its arguments mean and the values they take. Functions run in the
+// order listed, after the aggregation and before formulas.
+func queryRangeFunctionExamples() []handler.OpenAPIExample {
+	return []handler.OpenAPIExample{
+		timeSeriesExample(
+			"function_timeshift_week_over_week",
+			"timeShift: this week's error logs next to last week's",
+			"timeShift moves every point of its query forward by the argument, in seconds, so a series read from the past lands on the current timestamps. B here reads the hour exactly seven days (604800 s) before the requested window and comes back on this week's timestamps, so it overlays A on a chart and the formula can subtract it point by point. The argument is positive; it says how far back to read.",
+			builderQueryEnvelope(map[string]any{
+				"name":         "A",
+				"signal":       "logs",
+				"aggregations": []any{map[string]any{"expression": "count()", "alias": "errors"}},
+				"stepInterval": "60s",
+				"filter":       map[string]any{"expression": "severity_text = 'ERROR'"},
+			}),
+			builderQueryEnvelope(map[string]any{
+				"name":         "B",
+				"signal":       "logs",
+				"aggregations": []any{map[string]any{"expression": "count()", "alias": "errors"}},
+				"stepInterval": "60s",
+				"filter":       map[string]any{"expression": "severity_text = 'ERROR'"},
+				"functions":    []any{function("timeShift", 604800)},
+			}),
+			map[string]any{
+				"type": "builder_formula",
+				"spec": map[string]any{"name": "F1", "expression": "A - B"},
+			},
+		),
+		timeSeriesExample(
+			"function_fillzero_sparse_errors",
+			"fillZero: a zero at every step with no failed spans",
+			"A count over sparse events returns a point only for steps that had a match, so a chart of failed spans has gaps where nothing failed. fillZero adds a zero at every missing step. With no arguments the server fills the request window at the query's step, which is the common case. The three optional arguments are start, end and step in milliseconds, for callers that want to fill a different grid.",
+			builderQueryEnvelope(map[string]any{
+				"name":         "A",
+				"signal":       "traces",
+				"aggregations": []any{map[string]any{"expression": "count()", "alias": "failed_spans"}},
+				"stepInterval": "60s",
+				"filter":       map[string]any{"expression": "has_error = true"},
+				"groupBy":      []any{map[string]any{"name": "service.name", "fieldContext": "resource"}},
+				"functions":    []any{function("fillZero")},
+			}),
+		),
+		timeSeriesExample(
+			"function_cutoffmin_hide_idle_hosts",
+			"cutOffMin: drop hosts below 5% CPU from the chart",
+			"The four threshold functions take one number. cutOffMin and cutOffMax remove the points below or above the threshold, so an idle host disappears from the chart instead of drawing a line along the bottom. clampMin and clampMax keep the points and replace the value with the threshold, which caps spikes without hiding them. system.cpu.utilization is a ratio, so 0.05 is 5%.",
+			builderQueryEnvelope(map[string]any{
+				"name":   "A",
+				"signal": "metrics",
+				"aggregations": []any{
+					map[string]any{"metricName": "system.cpu.utilization", "timeAggregation": "avg", "spaceAggregation": "avg"},
+				},
+				"stepInterval": "60s",
+				"groupBy":      []any{map[string]any{"name": "host.name", "fieldContext": "resource"}},
+				"functions":    []any{function("cutOffMin", 0.05)},
+			}),
+		),
+		timeSeriesExample(
+			"function_runningdiff_disk_growth",
+			"runningDiff then clampMin: bytes written to disk per step",
+			"runningDiff turns a gauge into the change between consecutive points, so a filesystem usage gauge becomes bytes written per step. It takes no arguments and drops the first point of the window, since that point has nothing to difference against; the server reads one step before the window to keep the first interval. Functions apply in order: clampMin with 0 runs on the differences and replaces the negative value a cleanup or a volume reset produces with zero.",
+			builderQueryEnvelope(map[string]any{
+				"name":   "A",
+				"signal": "metrics",
+				"aggregations": []any{
+					map[string]any{"metricName": "system.filesystem.usage", "timeAggregation": "latest", "spaceAggregation": "sum"},
+				},
+				"stepInterval": "60s",
+				"filter":       map[string]any{"expression": "state = 'used'"},
+				"groupBy":      []any{map[string]any{"name": "host.name", "fieldContext": "resource"}},
+				"functions":    []any{function("runningDiff"), function("clampMin", 0)},
+			}),
+		),
+		timeSeriesExample(
+			"function_ewma_smoothed_latency",
+			"ewma5: smoothed p95 latency",
+			"ewma3, ewma5 and ewma7 replace each point with an exponentially weighted average of the point and the points before it. The number in the name is the window the default weight is derived from: alpha = 2 / (n + 1), so 0.5, 0.333 and 0.25. One optional argument overrides alpha; a value close to 1 follows the raw series, a value close to 0 smooths harder. 0.3 here smooths a little more than ewma5's default.",
+			builderQueryEnvelope(map[string]any{
+				"name":   "A",
+				"signal": "metrics",
+				"aggregations": []any{
+					map[string]any{"metricName": "http.server.duration.bucket", "spaceAggregation": "p95"},
+				},
+				"stepInterval": "60s",
+				"groupBy":      []any{map[string]any{"name": "service.name", "fieldContext": "resource"}},
+				"functions":    []any{function("ewma5", 0.3)},
+			}),
+		),
+		timeSeriesExample(
+			"function_median_despiked_request_rate",
+			"median5: request rate without one-step spikes",
+			"median3, median5 and median7 replace each point with the median of the surrounding 3, 5 or 7 points. A spike that lasts one step vanishes, a shift that lasts longer than half the window stays. The first and last half window, 2 points each for median5, have no full window and keep their values, so the newest spike stays visible; a series shorter than the window is returned unchanged. They take no arguments. Use them when the raw series is noisy and the chart is for a trend, not for catching the spike.",
+			builderQueryEnvelope(map[string]any{
+				"name":   "A",
+				"signal": "metrics",
+				"aggregations": []any{
+					map[string]any{"metricName": "http.server.duration.count", "timeAggregation": "rate", "spaceAggregation": "sum"},
+				},
+				"stepInterval": "60s",
+				"groupBy":      []any{map[string]any{"name": "service.name", "fieldContext": "resource"}},
+				"functions":    []any{function("median5")},
+			}),
+		),
+		timeSeriesExample(
+			"function_cumulativesum_errors_so_far",
+			"cumulativeSum: 5xx responses since the start of the window",
+			"cumulativeSum replaces each point with the sum of every point up to and including it, so a per-step count becomes a running total whose first point is the first count. It takes no arguments. The total resets with the window, so a longer time range gives a larger final value; it is a view of the window, not a counter.",
+			builderQueryEnvelope(map[string]any{
+				"name":         "A",
+				"signal":       "traces",
+				"aggregations": []any{map[string]any{"expression": "count()", "alias": "server_errors"}},
+				"stepInterval": "60s",
+				"filter":       map[string]any{"expression": "http.response.status_code >= 500"},
+				"groupBy":      []any{map[string]any{"name": "service.name", "fieldContext": "resource"}},
+				"functions":    []any{function("cumulativeSum")},
+			}),
+		),
+		timeSeriesExample(
+			"function_log10_network_bytes",
+			"log10: network throughput across devices that differ by orders of magnitude",
+			"log2 and log10 replace each value with its logarithm, so a loopback device moving kilobytes and an uplink moving gigabytes fit on one chart. They take no arguments. Zero and negative values have no logarithm and are not drawn. absolute, also without arguments, is the usual companion for a signed series before a logarithm.",
+			builderQueryEnvelope(map[string]any{
+				"name":   "A",
+				"signal": "metrics",
+				"aggregations": []any{
+					map[string]any{"metricName": "system.network.io", "timeAggregation": "rate", "spaceAggregation": "sum"},
+				},
+				"stepInterval": "60s",
+				"filter":       map[string]any{"expression": "direction = 'transmit'"},
+				"groupBy":      []any{map[string]any{"name": "device", "fieldContext": "attribute"}},
+				"functions":    []any{function("log10")},
+			}),
+		),
+		timeSeriesExample(
+			"function_anomaly_request_rate",
+			"anomaly: request rate scored against its daily pattern",
+			"anomaly is the one function with named arguments. seasonality says which past periods predict the current value: hourly, daily or weekly, daily when absent. z_score_threshold is how many standard deviations from the prediction count as an anomaly. It has no default: a request without it gets bounds of zero width, so send it. 3 is the value the UI sends. The response carries, next to the values, a predicted series, an upper and a lower bound series and an anomaly score series. The scoring runs in the enterprise build; the community build returns the series unchanged.",
+			builderQueryEnvelope(map[string]any{
+				"name":   "A",
+				"signal": "metrics",
+				"aggregations": []any{
+					map[string]any{"metricName": "http.server.duration.count", "timeAggregation": "rate", "spaceAggregation": "sum"},
+				},
+				"stepInterval": "300s",
+				"groupBy":      []any{map[string]any{"name": "service.name", "fieldContext": "resource"}},
+				"functions": []any{
+					map[string]any{
+						"name": "anomaly",
+						"args": []any{
+							map[string]any{"name": "seasonality", "value": "daily"},
+							map[string]any{"name": "z_score_threshold", "value": 3},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			}),
+		),
+	}
+}

pkg/apiserver/signozapiserver/querier_examples_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package signozapiserver
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	qbtypes "github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/querybuildertypes/querybuildertypesv5"
+)
+
+func TestQueryRangeFunctionExamplesAreValidRequests(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, example := range queryRangeFunctionExamples() {
+		t.Run(example.Name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			raw, err := json.Marshal(example.Value)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			var req qbtypes.QueryRangeRequest
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(raw, &req))
+			assert.NoError(t, req.Validate())
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/auditor/auditorserver/server_test.go

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ func newTestSettings() factory.ScopedProviderSettings {
 func newTestEvent(resource coretypes.Resource, action coretypes.Verb) audittypes.AuditEvent {
 	return audittypes.AuditEvent{
 		Timestamp: time.Now(),
-		EventName: audittypes.NewEventName(resource.Kind(), action),
+		EventName: audittypes.NewEventName(action),
 		AuditAttributes: audittypes.AuditAttributes{
 			Action:  action,
 			Outcome: audittypes.OutcomeSuccess,

pkg/auditor/config.go

@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ type Config struct {
 	OTLPHTTP OTLPHTTPConfig `mapstructure:"otlphttp"`
 
 	File FileConfig `mapstructure:"file"`
+
+	Kafka KafkaConfig `mapstructure:"kafka"`
 }
 
 // OTLPHTTPConfig holds configuration for the OTLP HTTP exporter provider.
@@ -54,6 +56,23 @@ type FileConfig struct {
 	Path string `mapstructure:"path"`
 }
 
+type KafkaConfig struct {
+	// Brokers are the seed broker addresses (host:port) used to discover the cluster.
+	Brokers []string `mapstructure:"brokers"`
+
+	// Topic must already exist; the producer does not create it.
+	Topic string `mapstructure:"topic"`
+
+	// ClientID identifies this producer in broker logs and metrics.
+	ClientID string `mapstructure:"client_id"`
+
+	// Compression is the codec for produced batches: none, gzip, snappy, lz4 or zstd.
+	Compression string `mapstructure:"compression"`
+
+	// ShutdownTimeout bounds draining buffered events on stop; events still undelivered when it expires are dropped.
+	ShutdownTimeout time.Duration `mapstructure:"shutdown_timeout"`
+}
+
 // RetryConfig configures exponential backoff for the OTLP HTTP exporter.
 type RetryConfig struct {
 	// Enabled controls whether retries are attempted on transient failures.
@@ -89,6 +108,12 @@ func newConfig() factory.Config {
 				MaxElapsedTime:  time.Minute,
 			},
 		},
+		Kafka: KafkaConfig{
+			Brokers:         []string{"localhost:9092"},
+			ClientID:        "signoz",
+			Compression:     "lz4",
+			ShutdownTimeout: 30 * time.Second,
+		},
 	}
 }
 
@@ -125,5 +150,25 @@ func (c Config) Validate() error {
 		}
 	}
 
+	if c.Provider == "kafka" {
+		if len(c.Kafka.Brokers) == 0 {
+			return errors.New(errors.TypeInvalidInput, errors.CodeInvalidInput, "auditor::kafka::brokers must be set when provider is kafka")
+		}
+
+		if c.Kafka.Topic == "" {
+			return errors.New(errors.TypeInvalidInput, errors.CodeInvalidInput, "auditor::kafka::topic must be set when provider is kafka")
+		}
+
+		switch c.Kafka.Compression {
+		case "none", "gzip", "snappy", "lz4", "zstd":
+		default:
+			return errors.Newf(errors.TypeInvalidInput, errors.CodeInvalidInput, "auditor::kafka::compression must be one of none, gzip, snappy, lz4 or zstd, got %q", c.Kafka.Compression)
+		}
+
+		if c.Kafka.ShutdownTimeout <= 0 {
+			return errors.New(errors.TypeInvalidInput, errors.CodeInvalidInput, "auditor::kafka::shutdown_timeout must be greater than 0")
+		}
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }

pkg/errors/suggestions.go

@@ -9,12 +9,13 @@ import (
 // NewValidReferences / NewSuggestionsOnLevenshteinDistance to phrase the
 // "valid <noun> are ..." list consistently across the codebase.
 const (
-	NounFields     = "fields"
-	NounKeys       = "keys"
-	NounServices   = "services"
-	NounQueryTypes = "query types"
-	NounSignals    = "signals"
-	NounReferences = "references"
+	NounFields       = "fields"
+	NounKeys         = "keys"
+	NounServices     = "services"
+	NounQueryTypes   = "query types"
+	NounRequestTypes = "request types"
+	NounSignals      = "signals"
+	NounReferences   = "references"
 )
 
 const (

pkg/http/middleware/audit.go

@@ -109,10 +109,9 @@ func (middleware *Audit) emitAuditEvent(req *http.Request, writer responseCaptur
 	statusCode := writer.StatusCode()
 	span := trace.SpanFromContext(req.Context())
 
-	var errorType, errorCode string
+	var errorType string
 	if statusCode >= 400 {
 		errorType = render.ErrorTypeFromStatusCode(statusCode)
-		errorCode = render.ErrorCodeFromBody(writer.BodyBytes())
 	}
 
 	extractorCtx := coretypes.ExtractorContext{Request: req, ResponseBody: writer.BodyBytes()}
@@ -122,14 +121,18 @@ func (middleware *Audit) emitAuditEvent(req *http.Request, writer responseCaptur
 			continue
 		}
 
-		resource.ResolveResponse(extractorCtx)
 		verb, category := resource.Verb(), resource.Category()
+		if !audittypes.IsAudited(verb) {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		resource.ResolveResponse(extractorCtx)
 
 		switch typed := resource.(type) {
 		case coretypes.ResolvedResourceWithTargetResource:
 			for _, sourceID := range typed.SourceIDs() {
 				for _, targetID := range typed.TargetIDs() {
-					attributesList := []audittypes.ResourceAttributes{
+					attributesList := []audittypes.RelatedResourceAttributes{
 						audittypes.NewRelatedResourceAttributes(
 							typed.SourceResource(),
 							sourceID,
@@ -158,9 +161,9 @@ func (middleware *Audit) emitAuditEvent(req *http.Request, writer responseCaptur
 							verb,
 							category,
 							claims,
-							attributes,
+							attributes.Resource,
+							attributes.Target,
 							errorType,
-							errorCode,
 						))
 					}
 				}
@@ -179,8 +182,8 @@ func (middleware *Audit) emitAuditEvent(req *http.Request, writer responseCaptur
 					category,
 					claims,
 					attributes,
+					audittypes.TargetAttributes{},
 					errorType,
-					errorCode,
 				))
 			}
 		}

pkg/http/render/render.go

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/errors"
 	jsoniter "github.com/json-iterator/go"
-	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -45,18 +44,6 @@ func Success(rw http.ResponseWriter, httpCode int, data interface{}) {
 	_, _ = rw.Write(body)
 }
 
-func ErrorCodeFromBody(body []byte) string {
-	code := gjson.GetBytes(body, "error.code").String()
-
-	// This should never return empty since we only call this function on responses that were generated by us.
-	// If it does return empty, the codebase has failed to use render package for error responses somewhere, and we should fix that instead of trying to handle it here.
-	if code == "" {
-		return errors.CodeUnset.String()
-	}
-
-	return code
-}
-
 func ErrorTypeFromStatusCode(statusCode int) string {
 	// We are losing the exact type information here, but we can at least capture the error code and message for better observability.
 	// To get the exact type, we would need some changes in the render package to include the error type in the response, which we can consider in the future if there is a need for it.

pkg/http/render/render_test.go

@@ -60,31 +60,6 @@ func TestSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, expected, actual)
 }
 
-func TestErrorCodeFromBody(t *testing.T) {
-	testCases := []struct {
-		name     string
-		body     []byte
-		wantCode string
-	}{
-		{
-			name:     "ValidErrorResponse",
-			body:     []byte(`{"status":"error","error":{"code":"authz_forbidden","message":"only admins can access this resource"}}`),
-			wantCode: "authz_forbidden",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "InvalidJSON",
-			body:     []byte(`not json`),
-			wantCode: "unset",
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, testCase := range testCases {
-		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			assert.Equal(t, testCase.wantCode, ErrorCodeFromBody(testCase.body))
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 func TestError(t *testing.T) {
 	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:0")
 	require.NoError(t, err)

pkg/querier/bucket_cache.go

@@ -915,13 +915,15 @@ func (bc *bucketCache) filterResultToTimeRange(result *qbtypes.Result, q qbtypes
 // as empty rows that the same request never has when it bypasses the cache.
 //
 // PromQL and ClickHouse queries name their own buckets, and a histogram's are
-// its `le` labels, so only a gauge, sum or summary axis is cut.
+// its `le` labels, so only a gauge, sum or summary axis and an event axis are cut.
 func (bc *bucketCache) trimHeatmapAxisToTheWindow(q qbtypes.Query, tsData *qbtypes.TimeSeriesData) {
-	metricQuery, isMetricQuery := q.(*builderQuery[qbtypes.MetricAggregation])
-	if !isMetricQuery {
-		return
-	}
-	if metricQuery.spec.Aggregations[0].Type == metrictypes.HistogramType {
+	switch query := q.(type) {
+	case *builderQuery[qbtypes.MetricAggregation]:
+		if query.spec.Aggregations[0].Type == metrictypes.HistogramType {
+			return
+		}
+	case *builderQuery[qbtypes.LogAggregation], *builderQuery[qbtypes.TraceAggregation]:
+	default:
 		return
 	}
 

pkg/querier/builder_query.go

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ func newBuilderQuery[T any](
 func (q *builderQuery[T]) Fingerprint() string {
 
 	if (q.spec.Signal == telemetrytypes.SignalTraces ||
-		q.spec.Signal == telemetrytypes.SignalLogs) && q.kind != qbtypes.RequestTypeTimeSeries {
+		q.spec.Signal == telemetrytypes.SignalLogs) && !q.kind.IsBuiltFromTimeSeries() {
 		// No caching for non-timeseries queries
 		return ""
 	}
@@ -88,6 +88,13 @@ func (q *builderQuery[T]) Fingerprint() string {
 		return ""
 	}
 
+	// A limit ranks the groups over the statement window, so the pieces of a
+	// window rank differently from the window. Such a query is never served
+	// from the cache.
+	if (q.spec.Signal == telemetrytypes.SignalLogs || q.spec.Signal == telemetrytypes.SignalTraces) && len(q.spec.GroupBy) > 0 && q.spec.Limit > 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+
 	// Create a deterministic fingerprint for builder queries
 	// This needs to include all fields that affect the query results
 	parts := []string{q.queryType.StringValue()}
@@ -143,6 +150,12 @@ func (q *builderQuery[T]) Fingerprint() string {
 		parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("aggs=[%s]", strings.Join(aggParts, ",")))
 	}
 
+	// A metrics heatmap carries its axis on the aggregation, which the loop above
+	// already fingerprinted. Logs and traces carry it on the spec.
+	if q.kind.CountsIntoBuckets() && q.spec.Signal != telemetrytypes.SignalMetrics {
+		parts = append(parts, "buckets="+fingerprintHeatmapBucketing(q.spec.BucketOptions.ToHeatmapBucketing()))
+	}
+
 	// Add filter if present
 	if q.spec.Filter != nil && q.spec.Filter.Expression != "" {
 		parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("filter=%s", q.spec.Filter.Expression))

pkg/querier/postprocess.go

@@ -191,6 +191,14 @@ func postProcessBuilderQuery[T any](
 	req *qbtypes.QueryRangeRequest,
 ) *qbtypes.Result {
 
+	// A disabled query feeds a formula as a time series, so only an enabled one
+	// came back bucketed.
+	if req.RequestType.CountsIntoBuckets() && !query.Disabled {
+		if tsData, ok := result.Value.(*qbtypes.TimeSeriesData); ok {
+			resolveHeatmapBucketAxis(tsData, query.BucketOptions.ToHeatmapBucketing())
+		}
+	}
+
 	// the statement's top-N already skipped offset groups by their whole-window value; only reorder here
 	result = q.applySeriesLimit(result, query.Limit, 0, query.Order)
 
@@ -425,6 +433,12 @@ func (q *querier) processTimeSeriesFormula(
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	formulaSeries, err = applyFormulaHaving(formula, formulaSeries)
+	if err != nil {
+		q.logger.ErrorContext(ctx, "failed to apply formula having", errors.Attr(err), slog.String("formula", formula.Name))
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	// Create result for formula
 	formulaResult := &qbtypes.TimeSeriesData{
 		QueryName: formula.Name,
@@ -660,6 +674,12 @@ func (q *querier) processScalarFormula(
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	formulaSeries, err = applyFormulaHaving(formula, formulaSeries)
+	if err != nil {
+		q.logger.ErrorContext(ctx, "failed to apply formula having", errors.Attr(err), slog.String("formula", formula.Name))
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	// Apply ordering (and limit) before converting to scalar format.
 	formulaSeries = qbtypes.ApplySeriesLimit(formulaSeries, formula.Order, formula.Limit, formula.Offset)
 
@@ -710,6 +730,35 @@ func (q *querier) processScalarFormula(
 	}
 }
 
+// applyFormulaHaving keeps the values the formula having accepts, as SQL HAVING
+// keeps rows for a builder query, so a series with no values left is removed. It
+// runs before functions, order, limit, and offset, as HAVING runs before them in SQL.
+func applyFormulaHaving(formula qbtypes.QueryBuilderFormula, series []*qbtypes.TimeSeries) ([]*qbtypes.TimeSeries, error) {
+	if formula.Having == nil || strings.TrimSpace(formula.Having.Expression) == "" {
+		return series, nil
+	}
+
+	keep, err := querybuilder.CompileFormulaHaving(formula.Name, formula.Having.Expression)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	kept := series[:0]
+	for _, s := range series {
+		values := s.Values[:0]
+		for _, value := range s.Values {
+			if keep(value.Value) {
+				values = append(values, value)
+			}
+		}
+		if len(values) > 0 {
+			s.Values = values
+			kept = append(kept, s)
+		}
+	}
+	return kept, nil
+}
+
 // filterDisabledQueries removes results for disabled queries.
 func (q *querier) filterDisabledQueries(results map[string]*qbtypes.Result, req *qbtypes.QueryRangeRequest) map[string]*qbtypes.Result {
 	filtered := make(map[string]*qbtypes.Result)

pkg/querier/querier.go

@@ -212,6 +212,14 @@ func (q *querier) buildQueries(
 		}
 
 		switch query.Type {
+		case qbtypes.QueryTypeFormula:
+			// the querier evaluates a formula after its queries run, so a bad
+			// having must fail here, before they run
+			if formula, ok := query.Spec.(qbtypes.QueryBuilderFormula); ok && formula.Having != nil && strings.TrimSpace(formula.Having.Expression) != "" {
+				if _, err := querybuilder.CompileFormulaHaving(formula.Name, formula.Having.Expression); err != nil {
+					return nil, nil, err
+				}
+			}
 		case qbtypes.QueryTypePromQL:
 			promQuery, ok := query.Spec.(qbtypes.PromQuery)
 			if !ok {
@@ -249,27 +257,30 @@ func (q *querier) buildQueries(
 			if !ok {
 				return nil, nil, errors.NewInvalidInputf(errors.CodeInvalidInput, "invalid AI builder query spec %T", query.Spec)
 			}
+			requestType := requestTypeForQuery(req.RequestType, spec.Disabled)
 			spec.ShiftBy = extractShiftFromBuilderQuery(spec)
-			timeRange := adjustTimeRangeForShift(spec, qbtypes.TimeRange{From: req.Start, To: req.End}, req.RequestType)
-			bq := newBuilderQuery(q.logger, q.telemetryStore, orgID, q.aiTraceStmtBuilder, query.Type, spec, timeRange, req.RequestType, tmplVars, builderConfig{})
+			timeRange := adjustTimeRangeForShift(spec, qbtypes.TimeRange{From: req.Start, To: req.End}, requestType)
+			bq := newBuilderQuery(q.logger, q.telemetryStore, orgID, q.aiTraceStmtBuilder, query.Type, spec, timeRange, requestType, tmplVars, builderConfig{})
 			queries[spec.Name] = bq
 			steps[spec.Name] = spec.StepInterval
 		case qbtypes.QueryTypeBuilder:
 			switch spec := query.Spec.(type) {
 			case qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.TraceAggregation]:
+				requestType := requestTypeForQuery(req.RequestType, spec.Disabled)
 				spec.ShiftBy = extractShiftFromBuilderQuery(spec)
-				timeRange := adjustTimeRangeForShift(spec, qbtypes.TimeRange{From: req.Start, To: req.End}, req.RequestType)
-				bq := newBuilderQuery(q.logger, q.telemetryStore, orgID, q.traceStmtBuilder, query.Type, spec, timeRange, req.RequestType, tmplVars, builderConfig{})
+				timeRange := adjustTimeRangeForShift(spec, qbtypes.TimeRange{From: req.Start, To: req.End}, requestType)
+				bq := newBuilderQuery(q.logger, q.telemetryStore, orgID, q.traceStmtBuilder, query.Type, spec, timeRange, requestType, tmplVars, builderConfig{})
 				queries[spec.Name] = bq
 				steps[spec.Name] = spec.StepInterval
 			case qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.LogAggregation]:
+				requestType := requestTypeForQuery(req.RequestType, spec.Disabled)
 				spec.ShiftBy = extractShiftFromBuilderQuery(spec)
-				timeRange := adjustTimeRangeForShift(spec, qbtypes.TimeRange{From: req.Start, To: req.End}, req.RequestType)
+				timeRange := adjustTimeRangeForShift(spec, qbtypes.TimeRange{From: req.Start, To: req.End}, requestType)
 				stmtBuilder := q.logStmtBuilder
 				if spec.Source == telemetrytypes.SourceAudit {
 					stmtBuilder = q.auditStmtBuilder
 				}
-				bq := newBuilderQuery(q.logger, q.telemetryStore, orgID, stmtBuilder, query.Type, spec, timeRange, req.RequestType, tmplVars, q.builderConfig)
+				bq := newBuilderQuery(q.logger, q.telemetryStore, orgID, stmtBuilder, query.Type, spec, timeRange, requestType, tmplVars, q.builderConfig)
 				queries[spec.Name] = bq
 				steps[spec.Name] = spec.StepInterval
 			case qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.MetricAggregation]:
@@ -280,13 +291,7 @@ func (q *querier) buildQueries(
 				if missingMetricQuerySet[spec.Name] {
 					continue
 				}
-				requestType := req.RequestType
-				if requestType.CountsIntoBuckets() && spec.Disabled {
-					// A disabled query in a heatmap request feeds a formula, and the
-					// formula converts time series into heatmap data, so its inputs
-					// run as time series queries.
-					requestType = qbtypes.RequestTypeTimeSeries
-				}
+				requestType := requestTypeForQuery(req.RequestType, spec.Disabled)
 				spec.ShiftBy = extractShiftFromBuilderQuery(spec)
 				timeRange := adjustTimeRangeForShift(spec, qbtypes.TimeRange{From: req.Start, To: req.End}, requestType)
 				var bq *builderQuery[qbtypes.MetricAggregation]
@@ -922,32 +927,25 @@ func (q *querier) createRangedQuery(_ valuer.UUID, originalQuery qbtypes.Query,
 		copy(argsCopy, qt.args)
 		return newchSQLQuery(q.logger, q.telemetryStore, queryCopy, argsCopy, timeRange, qt.kind, qt.vars)
 
+	// A builder query's window was moved into the shifted clock when it was
+	// built, so a range taken from that window must not be shifted again.
 	case *builderQuery[qbtypes.TraceAggregation]:
-		specCopy := qt.spec.Copy()
-		specCopy.ShiftBy = extractShiftFromBuilderQuery(specCopy)
-		adjustedTimeRange := adjustTimeRangeForShift(specCopy, timeRange, qt.kind)
 		// reuse the original query's statement builder and type so an AI query
 		// keeps its AI builder and cache key
-		return newBuilderQuery(q.logger, q.telemetryStore, qt.orgID, qt.stmtBuilder, qt.queryType, specCopy, adjustedTimeRange, qt.kind, qt.variables, qt.builderConfig)
+		return newBuilderQuery(q.logger, q.telemetryStore, qt.orgID, qt.stmtBuilder, qt.queryType, qt.spec.Copy(), timeRange, qt.kind, qt.variables, qt.builderConfig)
 
 	case *builderQuery[qbtypes.LogAggregation]:
-		specCopy := qt.spec.Copy()
-		specCopy.ShiftBy = extractShiftFromBuilderQuery(specCopy)
-		adjustedTimeRange := adjustTimeRangeForShift(specCopy, timeRange, qt.kind)
 		shiftStmtBuilder := q.logStmtBuilder
 		if qt.spec.Source == telemetrytypes.SourceAudit {
 			shiftStmtBuilder = q.auditStmtBuilder
 		}
-		return newBuilderQuery(q.logger, q.telemetryStore, qt.orgID, shiftStmtBuilder, qt.queryType, specCopy, adjustedTimeRange, qt.kind, qt.variables, q.builderConfig)
+		return newBuilderQuery(q.logger, q.telemetryStore, qt.orgID, shiftStmtBuilder, qt.queryType, qt.spec.Copy(), timeRange, qt.kind, qt.variables, q.builderConfig)
 
 	case *builderQuery[qbtypes.MetricAggregation]:
-		specCopy := qt.spec.Copy()
-		specCopy.ShiftBy = extractShiftFromBuilderQuery(specCopy)
-		adjustedTimeRange := adjustTimeRangeForShift(specCopy, timeRange, qt.kind)
 		if qt.spec.Source == telemetrytypes.SourceMeter {
-			return newBuilderQuery(q.logger, q.telemetryStore, qt.orgID, q.meterStmtBuilder, qt.queryType, specCopy, adjustedTimeRange, qt.kind, qt.variables, builderConfig{})
+			return newBuilderQuery(q.logger, q.telemetryStore, qt.orgID, q.meterStmtBuilder, qt.queryType, qt.spec.Copy(), timeRange, qt.kind, qt.variables, builderConfig{})
 		}
-		return newBuilderQuery(q.logger, q.telemetryStore, qt.orgID, q.metricStmtBuilder, qt.queryType, specCopy, adjustedTimeRange, qt.kind, qt.variables, builderConfig{})
+		return newBuilderQuery(q.logger, q.telemetryStore, qt.orgID, q.metricStmtBuilder, qt.queryType, qt.spec.Copy(), timeRange, qt.kind, qt.variables, builderConfig{})
 	case *traceOperatorQuery:
 		specCopy := qt.spec.Copy()
 		return &traceOperatorQuery{
@@ -1195,6 +1193,17 @@ func clampStep(qe *qbtypes.QueryEnvelope, recommended, min uint64, warnings *[]s
 	}
 }
 
+// requestTypeForQuery downgrades a disabled query in a heatmap request to a
+// time series one. A disabled query feeds a formula rather than the chart, and
+// the formula is what turns time series into cells, so its inputs state no
+// bucket axis of their own.
+func requestTypeForQuery(requestType qbtypes.RequestType, disabled bool) qbtypes.RequestType {
+	if requestType.CountsIntoBuckets() && disabled {
+		return qbtypes.RequestTypeTimeSeries
+	}
+	return requestType
+}
+
 // extractShiftFromBuilderQuery extracts the shift value from timeShift function if present.
 func extractShiftFromBuilderQuery[T any](spec qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[T]) int64 {
 	for _, fn := range spec.Functions {

pkg/querybuilder/formula_having.go

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+package querybuilder
+
+import (
+	"math"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
+
+	grammar "github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/parser/havingexpression/grammar"
+	qbtypes "github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/querybuildertypes/querybuildertypesv5"
+)
+
+// CompileFormulaHaving turns the having expression of a formula into a filter on
+// its values. The querier computes a formula in Go after ClickHouse returns, so the
+// having cannot run as SQL; it gets the same validation and messages as a
+// builder-query having, with the formula name and __result as the only references.
+func CompileFormulaHaving(formulaName, expression string) (func(value float64) bool, error) {
+	rewriter := &HavingExpressionRewriter{columnMap: map[string]string{
+		formulaName:               qbtypes.DefaultOrderByKey,
+		qbtypes.DefaultOrderByKey: qbtypes.DefaultOrderByKey,
+	}}
+	_, tree, err := rewriter.parseAndValidate(expression)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return compileOrExpression(tree.Expression().OrExpression()), nil
+}
+
+func compileOrExpression(ctx grammar.IOrExpressionContext) func(float64) bool {
+	andExpressions := ctx.AllAndExpression()
+	conditions := make([]func(float64) bool, len(andExpressions))
+	for i, andExpression := range andExpressions {
+		conditions[i] = compileAndExpression(andExpression)
+	}
+
+	return func(value float64) bool {
+		for _, condition := range conditions {
+			if condition(value) {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func compileAndExpression(ctx grammar.IAndExpressionContext) func(float64) bool {
+	primaries := ctx.AllPrimary()
+	conditions := make([]func(float64) bool, len(primaries))
+	for i, primary := range primaries {
+		conditions[i] = compilePrimary(primary)
+	}
+
+	return func(value float64) bool {
+		for _, condition := range conditions {
+			if !condition(value) {
+				return false
+			}
+		}
+		return true
+	}
+}
+
+func compilePrimary(ctx grammar.IPrimaryContext) func(float64) bool {
+	var condition func(float64) bool
+	if ctx.OrExpression() != nil {
+		condition = compileOrExpression(ctx.OrExpression())
+	} else {
+		condition = compileComparison(ctx.Comparison())
+	}
+
+	if ctx.NOT() == nil {
+		return condition
+	}
+	return func(value float64) bool { return !condition(value) }
+}
+
+func compileComparison(ctx grammar.IComparisonContext) func(float64) bool {
+	left := compileOperand(ctx.Operand(0))
+
+	if ctx.IN() != nil {
+		signedNumbers := ctx.InList().AllSignedNumber()
+		list := make([]float64, len(signedNumbers))
+		for i, signedNumber := range signedNumbers {
+			list[i] = parseHavingNumber(signedNumber.GetText())
+		}
+		notIn := ctx.NOT() != nil
+		return func(value float64) bool { return slices.Contains(list, left(value)) != notIn }
+	}
+
+	right := compileOperand(ctx.Operand(1))
+	compOp := ctx.CompOp()
+	switch {
+	case compOp.EQUALS() != nil:
+		return func(value float64) bool { return left(value) == right(value) }
+	case compOp.NOT_EQUALS() != nil, compOp.NEQ() != nil:
+		return func(value float64) bool { return left(value) != right(value) }
+	case compOp.LT() != nil:
+		return func(value float64) bool { return left(value) < right(value) }
+	case compOp.LE() != nil:
+		return func(value float64) bool { return left(value) <= right(value) }
+	case compOp.GT() != nil:
+		return func(value float64) bool { return left(value) > right(value) }
+	default:
+		return func(value float64) bool { return left(value) >= right(value) }
+	}
+}
+
+func compileOperand(ctx grammar.IOperandContext) func(float64) float64 {
+	if ctx.Operand() == nil {
+		return compileTerm(ctx.Term())
+	}
+
+	left := compileOperand(ctx.Operand())
+	right := compileTerm(ctx.Term())
+	if ctx.MINUS() != nil {
+		return func(value float64) float64 { return left(value) - right(value) }
+	}
+	return func(value float64) float64 { return left(value) + right(value) }
+}
+
+func compileTerm(ctx grammar.ITermContext) func(float64) float64 {
+	if ctx.Term() == nil {
+		return compileFactor(ctx.Factor())
+	}
+
+	left := compileTerm(ctx.Term())
+	right := compileFactor(ctx.Factor())
+	switch {
+	case ctx.SLASH() != nil:
+		return func(value float64) float64 { return left(value) / right(value) }
+	case ctx.PERCENT() != nil:
+		return func(value float64) float64 { return math.Mod(left(value), right(value)) }
+	default:
+		return func(value float64) float64 { return left(value) * right(value) }
+	}
+}
+
+func compileFactor(ctx grammar.IFactorContext) func(float64) float64 {
+	if ctx.Factor() != nil {
+		inner := compileFactor(ctx.Factor())
+		if ctx.MINUS() != nil {
+			return func(value float64) float64 { return -inner(value) }
+		}
+		return inner
+	}
+
+	if ctx.Operand() != nil {
+		return compileOperand(ctx.Operand())
+	}
+
+	if number := ctx.Atom().NUMBER(); number != nil {
+		constant := parseHavingNumber(number.GetText())
+		return func(float64) float64 { return constant }
+	}
+
+	// validation rejects function calls, strings, and unknown names, so the atom
+	// names the formula value
+	return func(value float64) float64 { return value }
+}
+
+// ParseFloat reads every form the lexer admits as a number; a literal outside the
+// float64 range becomes the nearest value ParseFloat returns.
+func parseHavingNumber(text string) float64 {
+	number, _ := strconv.ParseFloat(text, 64)
+	return number
+}

pkg/querybuilder/formula_having_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+package querybuilder
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/errors"
+)
+
+func TestCompileFormulaHaving_Matches(t *testing.T) {
+	values := []float64{-2, 0, 1, 2.5, 3, 10}
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name       string
+		expression string
+		want       []float64
+	}{
+		{name: "Name_GreaterThan", expression: "F1 > 2", want: []float64{2.5, 3, 10}},
+		{name: "Result_LessOrEqual", expression: "__result <= 1", want: []float64{-2, 0, 1}},
+		{name: "DoubleEquals", expression: "F1 == 3", want: []float64{3}},
+		{name: "AngleNotEquals", expression: "F1 <> 0", want: []float64{-2, 1, 2.5, 3, 10}},
+		{name: "In_Parentheses", expression: "F1 IN (0, 3, -2)", want: []float64{-2, 0, 3}},
+		{name: "NotIn_Brackets", expression: "F1 NOT IN [0, 3, -2]", want: []float64{1, 2.5, 10}},
+		{name: "AndBindsTighterThanOr", expression: "F1 > 0 AND F1 < 3 OR F1 = -2", want: []float64{-2, 1, 2.5}},
+		{name: "ImplicitAnd", expression: "F1 > 0 F1 < 3", want: []float64{1, 2.5}},
+		{name: "LowercaseKeywords", expression: "F1 > 2 and not F1 = 10", want: []float64{2.5, 3}},
+		{name: "NotParenthesized", expression: "NOT (F1 >= 1 AND F1 <= 3)", want: []float64{-2, 0, 10}},
+		{name: "Arithmetic", expression: "F1 * 2 - 1 > 4", want: []float64{3, 10}},
+		{name: "Arithmetic_Parentheses", expression: "(F1 + 2) / 2 >= 2", want: []float64{2.5, 3, 10}},
+		{name: "Modulo", expression: "F1 % 2 = 1", want: []float64{1, 3}},
+		{name: "UnaryMinus", expression: "-F1 > 1", want: []float64{-2}},
+		{name: "Number_Exponent", expression: "F1 >= 1e1", want: []float64{10}},
+		{name: "Number_LeadingDot", expression: "F1 < .5", want: []float64{-2, 0}},
+	}
+
+	for _, testCase := range testCases {
+		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			keep, err := CompileFormulaHaving("F1", testCase.expression)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.NotNil(t, keep)
+
+			got := []float64{}
+			for _, value := range values {
+				if keep(value) {
+					got = append(got, value)
+				}
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.want, got)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCompileFormulaHaving_Invalid(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name           string
+		expression     string
+		wantErrMsg     string
+		wantAdditional []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "QueryName_NotAReference",
+			expression:     "A > 0",
+			wantErrMsg:     "Invalid references in `Having` expression: [A]",
+			wantAdditional: []string{"Valid references are: [F1, __result]"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Aggregation_NotAReference",
+			expression:     "count() > 0",
+			wantErrMsg:     "Invalid references in `Having` expression: [count]",
+			wantAdditional: []string{"Valid references are: [F1, __result]"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, testCase := range testCases {
+		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			keep, err := CompileFormulaHaving("F1", testCase.expression)
+			require.Error(t, err)
+			assert.Nil(t, keep)
+			assert.True(t, errors.Ast(err, errors.TypeInvalidInput))
+			assert.ErrorContains(t, err, testCase.wantErrMsg)
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.wantAdditional, additionalMessages(err))
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/querybuilder/having_expression_validator.go

@@ -237,7 +237,13 @@ func (v *havingExpressionRewriteVisitor) visitIdentifier(ctx grammar.IIdentifier
 	return name
 }
 
-// rewriteAndValidate is the single-pass implementation used by all RewriteFor* methods.
+func (r *HavingExpressionRewriter) rewriteAndValidate(expression string) (string, error) {
+	rewritten, _, err := r.parseAndValidate(expression)
+	return rewritten, err
+}
+
+// parseAndValidate is the single-pass implementation used by all RewriteFor* methods.
+// It also returns the parse tree, which CompileFormulaHaving evaluates in Go.
 //
 // Validation layers:
 //  1. The visitor runs on the parse tree, rewriting and collecting invalid references.
@@ -248,7 +254,7 @@ func (v *havingExpressionRewriteVisitor) visitIdentifier(ctx grammar.IIdentifier
 //  2. String literals in comparison-operand position → descriptive error
 //     ("aggregator results are numeric").
 //  3. ANTLR syntax errors → error with messages referencing the original token names.
-func (r *HavingExpressionRewriter) rewriteAndValidate(expression string) (string, error) {
+func (r *HavingExpressionRewriter) parseAndValidate(expression string) (string, grammar.IQueryContext, error) {
 	original := strings.TrimSpace(expression)
 
 	// Parse the expression once.
@@ -281,7 +287,7 @@ func (r *HavingExpressionRewriter) rewriteAndValidate(expression string) (string
 	// This is checked before invalid references so that "contains string literals" takes
 	// priority when a bare string literal is also an unresolvable operand.
 	if v.hasStringLiteral {
-		return "", errors.NewInvalidInputf(
+		return "", nil, errors.NewInvalidInputf(
 			errors.CodeInvalidInput,
 			"`Having` expression contains string literals",
 		).WithAdditional("Aggregator results are numeric")
@@ -317,7 +323,7 @@ func (r *HavingExpressionRewriter) rewriteAndValidate(expression string) (string
 		).WithAdditional(
 			"Valid references are: [" + strings.Join(validKeys, ", ") + "]",
 		).WithSuggestions(suggestions...)
-		return "", havingErr
+		return "", nil, havingErr
 	}
 
 	// Layer 3 – ANTLR syntax errors. We parse the original expression, so error messages
@@ -343,12 +349,12 @@ func (r *HavingExpressionRewriter) rewriteAndValidate(expression string) (string
 				return havingSuggestion(allSyntaxErrors[0], original)
 			})
 
-			return "", havingErr.WithSuggestiveAdditional(msgs[0], suggestions...)
+			return "", nil, havingErr.WithSuggestiveAdditional(msgs[0], suggestions...)
 		}
-		return "", havingErr.WithAdditional(msgs...)
+		return "", nil, havingErr.WithAdditional(msgs...)
 	}
 
-	return result, nil
+	return result, tree, nil
 }
 
 // havingSuggestion returns a corrected expression string to show as a suggestion when

pkg/querybuilder/heatmap.go

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+package querybuilder
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"strconv"
+
+	qbtypes "github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/querybuildertypes/querybuildertypesv5"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/telemetrytypes"
+	"github.com/huandu/go-sqlbuilder"
+)
+
+// heatmapBucketValueAlias names the value a heatmap's bounds are cut from. The
+// bounds read it several times, so it is declared once as a WITH expression
+// alias rather than repeated.
+const heatmapBucketValueAlias = "__bucket_value"
+
+// RenderHeatmapBucketExprs renders the bucket (min, max] that valueExpr falls
+// in. Only the bucket under everything the axis covers is open below, and only
+// the one over it is open above.
+//
+// valueExpr is repeated several times in each expression, so it has to be free
+// of placeholders — HeatmapBucketColumns passes an alias for that reason.
+func RenderHeatmapBucketExprs(bucketing qbtypes.HeatmapBucketing, valueExpr string) (minExpr, maxExpr string) {
+	if bucketing.Kind == qbtypes.BucketsKindLinear {
+		return renderLinearBucketExprs(bucketing, valueExpr)
+	}
+	return renderLogBucketExprs(valueExpr)
+}
+
+func renderLinearBucketExprs(bucketing qbtypes.HeatmapBucketing, valueExpr string) (string, string) {
+	maxValue := FormatHeatmapFloat(bucketing.MaxValue)
+	numBuckets := strconv.Itoa(bucketing.NumBuckets)
+	index := fmt.Sprintf("least(greatest(ceil(%s * %s / %s), 1), %s)", valueExpr, numBuckets, maxValue, numBuckets)
+
+	minExpr := fmt.Sprintf(
+		"multiIf(%s <= 0, toFloat64('-Inf'), %s > %s, toFloat64(%s), (%s - 1) * %s / %s)",
+		valueExpr, valueExpr, maxValue, maxValue, index, maxValue, numBuckets,
+	)
+	maxExpr := fmt.Sprintf(
+		"multiIf(%s <= 0, toFloat64(0), %s > %s, toFloat64('+Inf'), %s * %s / %s)",
+		valueExpr, valueExpr, maxValue, index, maxValue, numBuckets,
+	)
+	return minExpr, maxExpr
+}
+
+// ClickHouse buckets at MaxLogScale whatever HeatmapBucketing.LogScale asks for;
+// postprocessing folds the axis down afterwards.
+func renderLogBucketExprs(valueExpr string) (string, string) {
+	bucketsPerDoubling := FormatHeatmapFloat(math.Exp2(qbtypes.MaxLogScale))
+	lowest := FormatHeatmapFloat(qbtypes.MinLogUpperBound)
+	highest := FormatHeatmapFloat(qbtypes.MaxLogUpperBound)
+
+	minExpr := fmt.Sprintf(
+		"multiIf(%s <= 0, toFloat64('-Inf'), %s <= %s, toFloat64(0), %s > %s, toFloat64(%s), pow(2, (ceil(log2(%s) * %s) - 1) / %s))",
+		valueExpr, valueExpr, lowest, valueExpr, highest, highest, valueExpr, bucketsPerDoubling, bucketsPerDoubling,
+	)
+	maxExpr := fmt.Sprintf(
+		"multiIf(%s <= 0, toFloat64(0), %s <= %s, %s, %s > %s, toFloat64('+Inf'), pow(2, ceil(log2(%s) * %s) / %s))",
+		valueExpr, valueExpr, lowest, lowest, valueExpr, highest, valueExpr, bucketsPerDoubling, bucketsPerDoubling,
+	)
+	return minExpr, maxExpr
+}
+
+// FormatHeatmapFloat renders a float64 as the shortest literal that reads back
+// as the same value, so an upper bound computed from it is identical on every
+// row.
+func FormatHeatmapFloat(v float64) string {
+	return strconv.FormatFloat(v, 'g', -1, 64)
+}
+
+// HeatmapFieldMayBeAbsent reports whether some row can lack key. A key that
+// resolves to a table column every row carries, such as a span's duration,
+// cannot, as the column is read first, and an EXISTS on it would drop its
+// zeros instead.
+func HeatmapFieldMayBeAbsent(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	info qbtypes.QueryInfo,
+	storage qbtypes.Storage,
+	key *telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey,
+	keys map[string][]*telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey,
+) (bool, error) {
+	resolved, err := Resolve(ctx, info, storage, key, qbtypes.FilterOperatorUnknown, nil, keys)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	for _, field := range resolved.Fields {
+		read, err := LogicalRead(ctx, info, storage, field)
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, err
+		}
+		if read.WhenAbsent == qbtypes.AlwaysPresent {
+			return false, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+// HeatmapBucketColumns adds the bucket a row's value falls in to sb's select
+// list, as the (min, max] pair a heatmap statement reports. key is the field
+// the axis is cut from, already adjusted for context and data type.
+//
+// The bounds read the value through an expression alias rather than repeating
+// it, so the returned fragment has to be declared alongside the caller's CTEs.
+// It carries no arguments of its own.
+//
+// A row without a numeric value counts as 0.
+func HeatmapBucketColumns(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	info qbtypes.QueryInfo,
+	storage qbtypes.Storage,
+	sb *sqlbuilder.SelectBuilder,
+	key *telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey,
+	bucketOptions *qbtypes.BucketOptions,
+	keys map[string][]*telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey,
+) (valueFragment string, groupByAliases []string, warnings []string, err error) {
+	// Resolved directly rather than through ResolveColumn: a key nothing carries
+	// puts every row at 0, and the warning is the only thing that says why.
+	resolved, err := Resolve(ctx, info, storage, key, qbtypes.FilterOperatorUnknown, nil, keys)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, nil, err
+	}
+	valueExpr, err := Column(ctx, info, storage, resolved, telemetrytypes.FieldDataTypeFloat64)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	bucketMin, bucketMax := RenderHeatmapBucketExprs(bucketOptions.ToHeatmapBucketing(), heatmapBucketValueAlias)
+
+	sb.SelectMore(sqlbuilder.Escape(fmt.Sprintf("%s AS %s", bucketMin, qbtypes.HeatmapBucketMinColumn)))
+	sb.SelectMore(sqlbuilder.Escape(fmt.Sprintf("%s AS %s", bucketMax, qbtypes.HeatmapBucketMaxColumn)))
+
+	valueFragment = fmt.Sprintf("ifNull(%s, 0) AS %s", valueExpr, heatmapBucketValueAlias)
+	return valueFragment, []string{qbtypes.HeatmapBucketMinColumn, qbtypes.HeatmapBucketMaxColumn}, resolved.Warnings, nil
+}

pkg/statementbuilder/auditstatementbuilder/statement_builder.go

@@ -110,6 +110,8 @@ func (b *auditQueryStatementBuilder) Build(
 		stmt, err = b.buildListQuery(ctx, orgID, q, query, start, end, keys, variables)
 	case qbtypes.RequestTypeTimeSeries:
 		stmt, err = b.buildTimeSeriesQuery(ctx, orgID, q, query, start, end, keys, variables)
+	case qbtypes.RequestTypeHeatmap, qbtypes.RequestTypeDistribution:
+		stmt, err = b.buildHeatmapTimeSeriesQuery(ctx, orgID, q, query, start, end, keys, variables)
 	case qbtypes.RequestTypeScalar:
 		stmt, err = b.buildScalarQuery(ctx, orgID, q, query, start, end, keys, false, variables)
 	default:
@@ -322,6 +324,48 @@ func (b *auditQueryStatementBuilder) buildTimeSeriesQuery(
 	start, end uint64,
 	keys map[string][]*telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey,
 	variables map[string]qbtypes.VariableItem,
+) (*qbtypes.Statement, error) {
+	return b.buildTimeSeriesOrHeatmapQuery(ctx, orgID, sb, query, start, end, keys, variables, nil)
+}
+
+// buildHeatmapTimeSeriesQuery counts rows per (time bucket, group, value
+// bucket) of the field its aggregation names.
+func (b *auditQueryStatementBuilder) buildHeatmapTimeSeriesQuery(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	orgID valuer.UUID,
+	sb *sqlbuilder.SelectBuilder,
+	query qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.LogAggregation],
+	start, end uint64,
+	keys map[string][]*telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey,
+	variables map[string]qbtypes.VariableItem,
+) (*qbtypes.Statement, error) {
+	heatmapField, countQuery, err := qbtypes.HeatmapCountQuery(query)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	info := querybuilder.NewQueryInfo(ctx, orgID, b.fl, telemetrytypes.SignalLogs, nil, start, end)
+	mayBeAbsent, err := querybuilder.HeatmapFieldMayBeAbsent(ctx, info, b.storage, heatmapField, keys)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if mayBeAbsent {
+		countQuery = qbtypes.RequireHeatmapField(countQuery, *heatmapField)
+	}
+	return b.buildTimeSeriesOrHeatmapQuery(ctx, orgID, sb, countQuery, start, end, keys, variables, heatmapField)
+}
+
+// buildTimeSeriesOrHeatmapQuery builds one row per (time bucket, group). A
+// non-nil heatmapField makes it a heatmap instead: the bucket a row's
+// heatmapField falls in joins the group keys, so a row is one cell.
+func (b *auditQueryStatementBuilder) buildTimeSeriesOrHeatmapQuery(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	orgID valuer.UUID,
+	sb *sqlbuilder.SelectBuilder,
+	query qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.LogAggregation],
+	start, end uint64,
+	keys map[string][]*telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey,
+	variables map[string]qbtypes.VariableItem,
+	heatmapField *telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey,
 ) (*qbtypes.Statement, error) {
 	var (
 		cteFragments   []string
@@ -357,6 +401,17 @@ func (b *auditQueryStatementBuilder) buildTimeSeriesQuery(
 		fieldNames = append(fieldNames, sqlbuilder.Escape(clickhousesql.Identifier(gb.Name)))
 	}
 
+	var bucketAliases []string
+	if heatmapField != nil {
+		valueFragment, aliases, warnings, err := querybuilder.HeatmapBucketColumns(ctx, info, b.storage, sb, heatmapField, query.BucketOptions, keys)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		cteFragments = append(cteFragments, valueFragment)
+		bucketAliases = aliases
+		columnWarnings = append(columnWarnings, warnings...)
+	}
+
 	allAggChArgs := make([]any, 0)
 	for i, agg := range query.Aggregations {
 		rewritten, chArgs, aggWarnings, err := b.aggExprRewriter.Rewrite(ctx, orgID, start, end, agg.Expression, uint64(query.StepInterval.Seconds()), keys)
@@ -393,6 +448,7 @@ func (b *auditQueryStatementBuilder) buildTimeSeriesQuery(
 
 		sb.GroupBy("ts")
 		sb.GroupBy(querybuilder.GroupByKeys(query.GroupBy)...)
+		sb.GroupBy(bucketAliases...)
 		if query.Having != nil && query.Having.Expression != "" {
 			rewriter := querybuilder.NewHavingExpressionRewriter()
 			rewrittenExpr, err := rewriter.RewriteForLogs(query.Having.Expression, query.Aggregations)
@@ -420,6 +476,7 @@ func (b *auditQueryStatementBuilder) buildTimeSeriesQuery(
 	} else {
 		sb.GroupBy("ts")
 		sb.GroupBy(querybuilder.GroupByKeys(query.GroupBy)...)
+		sb.GroupBy(bucketAliases...)
 		if query.Having != nil && query.Having.Expression != "" {
 			rewriter := querybuilder.NewHavingExpressionRewriter()
 			rewrittenExpr, err := rewriter.RewriteForLogs(query.Having.Expression, query.Aggregations)

pkg/statementbuilder/auditstatementbuilder/statement_builder_test.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/telemetrytypes"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/telemetrytypes/telemetrytypestest"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/valuer"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
@@ -34,16 +35,15 @@ func auditFieldKeyMap() map[string][]*telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey {
 
 	return map[string][]*telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey{
 		"service.name":                 {key("service.name", res, str, false)},
-		"signoz.audit.action":          {key("signoz.audit.action", attr, str, true)},
+		"signoz.audit.verb":            {key("signoz.audit.verb", attr, str, true)},
 		"signoz.audit.outcome":         {key("signoz.audit.outcome", attr, str, true)},
-		"signoz.audit.principal.email": {key("signoz.audit.principal.email", attr, str, true)},
-		"signoz.audit.principal.id":    {key("signoz.audit.principal.id", attr, str, true)},
-		"signoz.audit.principal.type":  {key("signoz.audit.principal.type", attr, str, true)},
-		"signoz.audit.resource.kind":   {key("signoz.audit.resource.kind", res, str, false)},
-		"signoz.audit.resource.id":     {key("signoz.audit.resource.id", res, str, false)},
+		"signoz.principal.email":       {key("signoz.principal.email", attr, str, true)},
+		"signoz.principal.id":          {key("signoz.principal.id", attr, str, true)},
+		"signoz.principal.type":        {key("signoz.principal.type", attr, str, true)},
+		"signoz.resource.kind":         {key("signoz.resource.kind", res, str, false)},
+		"signoz.resource.id":           {key("signoz.resource.id", res, str, false)},
 		"signoz.audit.action_category": {key("signoz.audit.action_category", attr, str, false)},
-		"signoz.audit.error.type":      {key("signoz.audit.error.type", attr, str, false)},
-		"signoz.audit.error.code":      {key("signoz.audit.error.code", attr, str, false)},
+		"exception.type":               {key("exception.type", attr, str, false)},
 		"http.request.method":          {key("http.request.method", attr, str, false)},
 		"http.response.status_code":    {key("http.response.status_code", attr, i64, false)},
 	}
@@ -87,12 +87,12 @@ func TestStatementBuilder(t *testing.T) {
 				Signal: telemetrytypes.SignalLogs,
 				Source: telemetrytypes.SourceAudit,
 				Filter: &qbtypes.Filter{
-					Expression: "signoz.audit.principal.id = '019a-1234-abcd-5678'",
+					Expression: "signoz.principal.id = '019a-1234-abcd-5678'",
 				},
 				Limit: 100,
 			},
 			expected: qbtypes.Statement{
-				Query: "SELECT timestamp, id, trace_id, span_id, trace_flags, severity_text, severity_number, scope_name, scope_version, body, event_name, attributes_string, attributes_number, attributes_bool, resource, scope_string FROM signoz_audit.distributed_logs WHERE (`attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$principal$$id` = ? AND `attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$principal$$id_exists` = true) AND timestamp >= ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? LIMIT ?",
+				Query: "SELECT timestamp, id, trace_id, span_id, trace_flags, severity_text, severity_number, scope_name, scope_version, body, event_name, attributes_string, attributes_number, attributes_bool, resource, scope_string FROM signoz_audit.distributed_logs WHERE (`attribute_string_signoz$$principal$$id` = ? AND `attribute_string_signoz$$principal$$id_exists` = true) AND timestamp >= ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? LIMIT ?",
 				Args:  []any{"019a-1234-abcd-5678", "1747947419000000000", uint64(1747945619), "1747983448000000000", uint64(1747983448), 100},
 			},
 		},
@@ -121,13 +121,13 @@ func TestStatementBuilder(t *testing.T) {
 				Signal: telemetrytypes.SignalLogs,
 				Source: telemetrytypes.SourceAudit,
 				Filter: &qbtypes.Filter{
-					Expression: "signoz.audit.resource.kind = 'dashboard' AND signoz.audit.resource.id = '019b-5678-efgh-9012'",
+					Expression: "signoz.resource.kind = 'dashboard' AND signoz.resource.id = '019b-5678-efgh-9012'",
 				},
 				Limit: 100,
 			},
 			expected: qbtypes.Statement{
-				Query: "WITH __resource_filter AS (SELECT fingerprint FROM signoz_audit.distributed_logs_resource WHERE ((simpleJSONExtractString(labels, 'signoz.audit.resource.kind') = ? AND labels LIKE ? AND labels LIKE ?) AND (simpleJSONExtractString(labels, 'signoz.audit.resource.id') = ? AND labels LIKE ? AND labels LIKE ?)) AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start >= ? AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start <= ? GROUP BY fingerprint) SELECT timestamp, id, trace_id, span_id, trace_flags, severity_text, severity_number, scope_name, scope_version, body, event_name, attributes_string, attributes_number, attributes_bool, resource, scope_string FROM signoz_audit.distributed_logs WHERE resource_fingerprint GLOBAL IN (SELECT fingerprint FROM __resource_filter) AND timestamp >= ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? LIMIT ?",
-				Args:  []any{"dashboard", "%signoz.audit.resource.kind%", "%signoz.audit.resource.kind\":\"dashboard%", "019b-5678-efgh-9012", "%signoz.audit.resource.id%", "%signoz.audit.resource.id\":\"019b-5678-efgh-9012%", uint64(1747945619), uint64(1747983448), "1747947419000000000", uint64(1747945619), "1747983448000000000", uint64(1747983448), 100},
+				Query: "WITH __resource_filter AS (SELECT fingerprint FROM signoz_audit.distributed_logs_resource WHERE ((simpleJSONExtractString(labels, 'signoz.resource.kind') = ? AND labels LIKE ? AND labels LIKE ?) AND (simpleJSONExtractString(labels, 'signoz.resource.id') = ? AND labels LIKE ? AND labels LIKE ?)) AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start >= ? AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start <= ? GROUP BY fingerprint) SELECT timestamp, id, trace_id, span_id, trace_flags, severity_text, severity_number, scope_name, scope_version, body, event_name, attributes_string, attributes_number, attributes_bool, resource, scope_string FROM signoz_audit.distributed_logs WHERE resource_fingerprint GLOBAL IN (SELECT fingerprint FROM __resource_filter) AND timestamp >= ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? LIMIT ?",
+				Args:  []any{"dashboard", "%signoz.resource.kind%", "%signoz.resource.kind\":\"dashboard%", "019b-5678-efgh-9012", "%signoz.resource.id%", "%signoz.resource.id\":\"019b-5678-efgh-9012%", uint64(1747945619), uint64(1747983448), "1747947419000000000", uint64(1747945619), "1747983448000000000", uint64(1747983448), 100},
 			},
 		},
 		// List: all dashboard deletions (compliance — resource.kind + action AND)
@@ -138,13 +138,13 @@ func TestStatementBuilder(t *testing.T) {
 				Signal: telemetrytypes.SignalLogs,
 				Source: telemetrytypes.SourceAudit,
 				Filter: &qbtypes.Filter{
-					Expression: "signoz.audit.resource.kind = 'dashboard' AND signoz.audit.action = 'delete'",
+					Expression: "signoz.resource.kind = 'dashboard' AND signoz.audit.verb = 'delete'",
 				},
 				Limit: 100,
 			},
 			expected: qbtypes.Statement{
-				Query: "WITH __resource_filter AS (SELECT fingerprint FROM signoz_audit.distributed_logs_resource WHERE (simpleJSONExtractString(labels, 'signoz.audit.resource.kind') = ? AND labels LIKE ? AND labels LIKE ?) AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start >= ? AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start <= ? GROUP BY fingerprint) SELECT timestamp, id, trace_id, span_id, trace_flags, severity_text, severity_number, scope_name, scope_version, body, event_name, attributes_string, attributes_number, attributes_bool, resource, scope_string FROM signoz_audit.distributed_logs WHERE resource_fingerprint GLOBAL IN (SELECT fingerprint FROM __resource_filter) AND (`attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$action` = ? AND `attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$action_exists` = true) AND timestamp >= ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? LIMIT ?",
-				Args:  []any{"dashboard", "%signoz.audit.resource.kind%", "%signoz.audit.resource.kind\":\"dashboard%", uint64(1747945619), uint64(1747983448), "delete", "1747947419000000000", uint64(1747945619), "1747983448000000000", uint64(1747983448), 100},
+				Query: "WITH __resource_filter AS (SELECT fingerprint FROM signoz_audit.distributed_logs_resource WHERE (simpleJSONExtractString(labels, 'signoz.resource.kind') = ? AND labels LIKE ? AND labels LIKE ?) AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start >= ? AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start <= ? GROUP BY fingerprint) SELECT timestamp, id, trace_id, span_id, trace_flags, severity_text, severity_number, scope_name, scope_version, body, event_name, attributes_string, attributes_number, attributes_bool, resource, scope_string FROM signoz_audit.distributed_logs WHERE resource_fingerprint GLOBAL IN (SELECT fingerprint FROM __resource_filter) AND (`attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$verb` = ? AND `attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$verb_exists` = true) AND timestamp >= ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? LIMIT ?",
+				Args:  []any{"dashboard", "%signoz.resource.kind%", "%signoz.resource.kind\":\"dashboard%", uint64(1747945619), uint64(1747983448), "delete", "1747947419000000000", uint64(1747945619), "1747983448000000000", uint64(1747983448), 100},
 			},
 		},
 		// List: all actions by service accounts (materialized principal.type)
@@ -155,12 +155,12 @@ func TestStatementBuilder(t *testing.T) {
 				Signal: telemetrytypes.SignalLogs,
 				Source: telemetrytypes.SourceAudit,
 				Filter: &qbtypes.Filter{
-					Expression: "signoz.audit.principal.type = 'service_account'",
+					Expression: "signoz.principal.type = 'service_account'",
 				},
 				Limit: 100,
 			},
 			expected: qbtypes.Statement{
-				Query: "SELECT timestamp, id, trace_id, span_id, trace_flags, severity_text, severity_number, scope_name, scope_version, body, event_name, attributes_string, attributes_number, attributes_bool, resource, scope_string FROM signoz_audit.distributed_logs WHERE (`attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$principal$$type` = ? AND `attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$principal$$type_exists` = true) AND timestamp >= ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? LIMIT ?",
+				Query: "SELECT timestamp, id, trace_id, span_id, trace_flags, severity_text, severity_number, scope_name, scope_version, body, event_name, attributes_string, attributes_number, attributes_bool, resource, scope_string FROM signoz_audit.distributed_logs WHERE (`attribute_string_signoz$$principal$$type` = ? AND `attribute_string_signoz$$principal$$type_exists` = true) AND timestamp >= ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? LIMIT ?",
 				Args:  []any{"service_account", "1747947419000000000", uint64(1747945619), "1747983448000000000", uint64(1747983448), 100},
 			},
 		},
@@ -173,14 +173,14 @@ func TestStatementBuilder(t *testing.T) {
 				Source:       telemetrytypes.SourceAudit,
 				StepInterval: qbtypes.Step{Duration: 60 * time.Second},
 				Filter: &qbtypes.Filter{
-					Expression: "signoz.audit.outcome = 'failure' AND signoz.audit.action = 'update'",
+					Expression: "signoz.audit.outcome = 'failure' AND signoz.audit.verb = 'update'",
 				},
 				Aggregations: []qbtypes.LogAggregation{
 					{Expression: "count()"},
 				},
 			},
 			expected: qbtypes.Statement{
-				Query: "SELECT count() AS __result_0 FROM signoz_audit.distributed_logs WHERE ((`attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$outcome` = ? AND `attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$outcome_exists` = true) AND (`attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$action` = ? AND `attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$action_exists` = true)) AND timestamp >= ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? ORDER BY __result_0 DESC",
+				Query: "SELECT count() AS __result_0 FROM signoz_audit.distributed_logs WHERE ((`attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$outcome` = ? AND `attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$outcome_exists` = true) AND (`attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$verb` = ? AND `attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$verb_exists` = true)) AND timestamp >= ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? ORDER BY __result_0 DESC",
 				Args:  []any{"failure", "update", "1747947419000000000", uint64(1747945619), "1747983448000000000", uint64(1747983448)},
 			},
 		},
@@ -199,12 +199,12 @@ func TestStatementBuilder(t *testing.T) {
 					Expression: "signoz.audit.outcome = 'failure'",
 				},
 				GroupBy: []qbtypes.GroupByKey{
-					{TelemetryFieldKey: telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey{Name: "signoz.audit.principal.email"}},
+					{TelemetryFieldKey: telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey{Name: "signoz.principal.email"}},
 				},
 				Limit: 5,
 			},
 			expected: qbtypes.Statement{
-				Query: "WITH __limit_cte AS (SELECT toString(multiIf(`attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$principal$$email_exists` = true, `attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$principal$$email`, NULL)) AS `signoz.audit.principal.email`, count() AS __result_0 FROM signoz_audit.distributed_logs WHERE (`attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$outcome` = ? AND `attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$outcome_exists` = true) AND timestamp >= ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? GROUP BY `signoz.audit.principal.email` ORDER BY __result_0 DESC LIMIT ?) SELECT toStartOfInterval(fromUnixTimestamp64Nano(timestamp), INTERVAL 60 SECOND) AS ts, toString(multiIf(`attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$principal$$email_exists` = true, `attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$principal$$email`, NULL)) AS `signoz.audit.principal.email`, count() AS __result_0 FROM signoz_audit.distributed_logs WHERE (`attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$outcome` = ? AND `attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$outcome_exists` = true) AND timestamp >= ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? AND (`signoz.audit.principal.email`) GLOBAL IN (SELECT `signoz.audit.principal.email` FROM __limit_cte) GROUP BY ts, `signoz.audit.principal.email`",
+				Query: "WITH __limit_cte AS (SELECT toString(multiIf(`attribute_string_signoz$$principal$$email_exists` = true, `attribute_string_signoz$$principal$$email`, NULL)) AS `signoz.principal.email`, count() AS __result_0 FROM signoz_audit.distributed_logs WHERE (`attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$outcome` = ? AND `attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$outcome_exists` = true) AND timestamp >= ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? GROUP BY `signoz.principal.email` ORDER BY __result_0 DESC LIMIT ?) SELECT toStartOfInterval(fromUnixTimestamp64Nano(timestamp), INTERVAL 60 SECOND) AS ts, toString(multiIf(`attribute_string_signoz$$principal$$email_exists` = true, `attribute_string_signoz$$principal$$email`, NULL)) AS `signoz.principal.email`, count() AS __result_0 FROM signoz_audit.distributed_logs WHERE (`attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$outcome` = ? AND `attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$outcome_exists` = true) AND timestamp >= ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? AND (`signoz.principal.email`) GLOBAL IN (SELECT `signoz.principal.email` FROM __limit_cte) GROUP BY ts, `signoz.principal.email`",
 				Args:  []any{"failure", "1747947419000000000", uint64(1747945619), "1747983448000000000", uint64(1747983448), 5, "failure", "1747947419000000000", uint64(1747945619), "1747983448000000000", uint64(1747983448)},
 			},
 		},
@@ -224,3 +224,59 @@ func TestStatementBuilder(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestStatementBuilderHeatmap(t *testing.T) {
+	statementBuilder := newTestAuditStatementBuilder(t)
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name        string
+		requestType qbtypes.RequestType
+		query       qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.LogAggregation]
+		expected    qbtypes.Statement
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "AttributeField_GroupByMaterialized_LinearAxis_RequiresField",
+			requestType: qbtypes.RequestTypeHeatmap,
+			query: qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.LogAggregation]{
+				Signal:        telemetrytypes.SignalLogs,
+				Source:        telemetrytypes.SourceAudit,
+				StepInterval:  qbtypes.Step{Duration: 60 * time.Second},
+				Aggregations:  []qbtypes.LogAggregation{{Expression: "http.response.status_code"}},
+				Filter:        &qbtypes.Filter{Expression: "signoz.resource.kind = 'dashboard'"},
+				GroupBy:       []qbtypes.GroupByKey{{TelemetryFieldKey: telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey{Name: "signoz.audit.verb"}}},
+				BucketOptions: &qbtypes.BucketOptions{Kind: qbtypes.BucketsKindLinear, Spec: qbtypes.LinearBucketsSpec{MaxValue: 500, NumBuckets: 5}},
+			},
+			expected: qbtypes.Statement{
+				Query: "WITH __resource_filter AS (SELECT fingerprint FROM signoz_audit.distributed_logs_resource WHERE ((simpleJSONExtractString(labels, 'signoz.resource.kind') = ? AND labels LIKE ? AND labels LIKE ?)) AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start >= ? AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start <= ? GROUP BY fingerprint), ifNull(multiIf(mapContains(attributes_number, 'http.response.status_code'), toFloat64(attributes_number['http.response.status_code']), NULL), 0) AS __bucket_value SELECT toStartOfInterval(fromUnixTimestamp64Nano(timestamp), INTERVAL 60 SECOND) AS ts, toString(multiIf(`attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$verb_exists` = true, `attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$verb`, NULL)) AS `signoz.audit.verb`, multiIf(__bucket_value <= 0, toFloat64('-Inf'), __bucket_value > 500, toFloat64(500), (least(greatest(ceil(__bucket_value * 5 / 500), 1), 5) - 1) * 500 / 5) AS __bucket_min, multiIf(__bucket_value <= 0, toFloat64(0), __bucket_value > 500, toFloat64('+Inf'), least(greatest(ceil(__bucket_value * 5 / 500), 1), 5) * 500 / 5) AS __bucket_max, count() AS __result_0 FROM signoz_audit.distributed_logs WHERE resource_fingerprint GLOBAL IN (SELECT fingerprint FROM __resource_filter) AND mapContains(attributes_number, 'http.response.status_code') AND timestamp >= ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? GROUP BY ts, `signoz.audit.verb`, __bucket_min, __bucket_max",
+				Args:  []any{"dashboard", "%signoz.resource.kind%", "%signoz.resource.kind\":\"dashboard%", uint64(1747945619), uint64(1747983448), "1747947419000000000", uint64(1747945619), "1747983448000000000", uint64(1747983448)},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "Distribution_AttributeField_SameStatementAsHeatmap",
+			requestType: qbtypes.RequestTypeDistribution,
+			query: qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.LogAggregation]{
+				Signal:        telemetrytypes.SignalLogs,
+				Source:        telemetrytypes.SourceAudit,
+				StepInterval:  qbtypes.Step{Duration: 60 * time.Second},
+				Aggregations:  []qbtypes.LogAggregation{{Expression: "http.response.status_code"}},
+				Filter:        &qbtypes.Filter{Expression: "signoz.resource.kind = 'dashboard'"},
+				GroupBy:       []qbtypes.GroupByKey{{TelemetryFieldKey: telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey{Name: "signoz.audit.verb"}}},
+				BucketOptions: &qbtypes.BucketOptions{Kind: qbtypes.BucketsKindLinear, Spec: qbtypes.LinearBucketsSpec{MaxValue: 500, NumBuckets: 5}},
+			},
+			expected: qbtypes.Statement{
+				Query: "WITH __resource_filter AS (SELECT fingerprint FROM signoz_audit.distributed_logs_resource WHERE ((simpleJSONExtractString(labels, 'signoz.resource.kind') = ? AND labels LIKE ? AND labels LIKE ?)) AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start >= ? AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start <= ? GROUP BY fingerprint), ifNull(multiIf(mapContains(attributes_number, 'http.response.status_code'), toFloat64(attributes_number['http.response.status_code']), NULL), 0) AS __bucket_value SELECT toStartOfInterval(fromUnixTimestamp64Nano(timestamp), INTERVAL 60 SECOND) AS ts, toString(multiIf(`attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$verb_exists` = true, `attribute_string_signoz$$audit$$verb`, NULL)) AS `signoz.audit.verb`, multiIf(__bucket_value <= 0, toFloat64('-Inf'), __bucket_value > 500, toFloat64(500), (least(greatest(ceil(__bucket_value * 5 / 500), 1), 5) - 1) * 500 / 5) AS __bucket_min, multiIf(__bucket_value <= 0, toFloat64(0), __bucket_value > 500, toFloat64('+Inf'), least(greatest(ceil(__bucket_value * 5 / 500), 1), 5) * 500 / 5) AS __bucket_max, count() AS __result_0 FROM signoz_audit.distributed_logs WHERE resource_fingerprint GLOBAL IN (SELECT fingerprint FROM __resource_filter) AND mapContains(attributes_number, 'http.response.status_code') AND timestamp >= ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? GROUP BY ts, `signoz.audit.verb`, __bucket_min, __bucket_max",
+				Args:  []any{"dashboard", "%signoz.resource.kind%", "%signoz.resource.kind\":\"dashboard%", uint64(1747945619), uint64(1747983448), "1747947419000000000", uint64(1747945619), "1747983448000000000", uint64(1747983448)},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, testCase := range testCases {
+		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			statement, err := statementBuilder.Build(context.Background(), valuer.UUID{}, 1747947419000, 1747983448000, testCase.requestType, testCase.query, nil)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.expected.Query, statement.Query)
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.expected.Args, statement.Args)
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.expected.Warnings, statement.Warnings)
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/statementbuilder/logsstatementbuilder/statement_builder.go

@@ -142,6 +142,8 @@ func (b *logQueryStatementBuilder) Build(
 		stmt, err = b.buildListQuery(ctx, orgID, q, query, start, end, keys, variables)
 	case qbtypes.RequestTypeTimeSeries:
 		stmt, err = b.buildTimeSeriesQuery(ctx, orgID, q, query, start, end, keys, variables)
+	case qbtypes.RequestTypeHeatmap, qbtypes.RequestTypeDistribution:
+		stmt, err = b.buildHeatmapTimeSeriesQuery(ctx, orgID, q, query, start, end, keys, variables)
 	case qbtypes.RequestTypeScalar:
 		stmt, err = b.buildScalarQuery(ctx, orgID, q, query, start, end, keys, false, variables)
 	default:
@@ -442,6 +444,48 @@ func (b *logQueryStatementBuilder) buildTimeSeriesQuery(
 	keys map[string][]*telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey,
 	variables map[string]qbtypes.VariableItem,
 ) (*qbtypes.Statement, error) {
+	return b.buildTimeSeriesOrHeatmapQuery(ctx, orgID, sb, query, start, end, keys, variables, nil)
+}
+
+// buildHeatmapTimeSeriesQuery counts rows per (time bucket, group, value
+// bucket) of the field its aggregation names.
+func (b *logQueryStatementBuilder) buildHeatmapTimeSeriesQuery(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	orgID valuer.UUID,
+	sb *sqlbuilder.SelectBuilder,
+	query qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.LogAggregation],
+	start, end uint64,
+	keys map[string][]*telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey,
+	variables map[string]qbtypes.VariableItem,
+) (*qbtypes.Statement, error) {
+	heatmapField, countQuery, err := qbtypes.HeatmapCountQuery(query)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	info := querybuilder.NewQueryInfo(ctx, orgID, b.fl, telemetrytypes.SignalLogs, nil, start, end)
+	mayBeAbsent, err := querybuilder.HeatmapFieldMayBeAbsent(ctx, info, b.storage, columnKey(heatmapField), keys)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if mayBeAbsent {
+		countQuery = qbtypes.RequireHeatmapField(countQuery, *heatmapField)
+	}
+	return b.buildTimeSeriesOrHeatmapQuery(ctx, orgID, sb, countQuery, start, end, keys, variables, heatmapField)
+}
+
+// buildTimeSeriesOrHeatmapQuery builds one row per (time bucket, group). A
+// non-nil heatmapField makes it a heatmap instead: the bucket a row's
+// heatmapField falls in joins the group keys, so a row is one cell.
+func (b *logQueryStatementBuilder) buildTimeSeriesOrHeatmapQuery(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	orgID valuer.UUID,
+	sb *sqlbuilder.SelectBuilder,
+	query qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.LogAggregation],
+	start, end uint64,
+	keys map[string][]*telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey,
+	variables map[string]qbtypes.VariableItem,
+	heatmapField *telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey,
+) (*qbtypes.Statement, error) {
 
 	var (
 		cteFragments   []string
@@ -481,6 +525,19 @@ func (b *logQueryStatementBuilder) buildTimeSeriesQuery(
 		fieldNames = append(fieldNames, sqlbuilder.Escape(fieldAlias))
 	}
 
+	var bucketAliases []string
+	if heatmapField != nil {
+		valueFragment, aliases, warnings, err := querybuilder.HeatmapBucketColumns(
+			ctx, info, b.storage, sb, columnKey(heatmapField), query.BucketOptions, keys,
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		cteFragments = append(cteFragments, valueFragment)
+		bucketAliases = aliases
+		columnWarnings = append(columnWarnings, warnings...)
+	}
+
 	// Aggregations
 	allAggChArgs := make([]any, 0)
 	for i, agg := range query.Aggregations {
@@ -527,6 +584,7 @@ func (b *logQueryStatementBuilder) buildTimeSeriesQuery(
 		// Group by all dimensions
 		sb.GroupBy("ts")
 		sb.GroupBy(fieldNames...)
+		sb.GroupBy(bucketAliases...)
 		if query.Having != nil && query.Having.Expression != "" {
 			// Rewrite having expression to use SQL column names
 			rewriter := querybuilder.NewHavingExpressionRewriter()
@@ -561,6 +619,7 @@ func (b *logQueryStatementBuilder) buildTimeSeriesQuery(
 	} else {
 		sb.GroupBy("ts")
 		sb.GroupBy(fieldNames...)
+		sb.GroupBy(bucketAliases...)
 		if query.Having != nil && query.Having.Expression != "" {
 			rewriter := querybuilder.NewHavingExpressionRewriter()
 			rewrittenExpr, err := rewriter.RewriteForLogs(query.Having.Expression, query.Aggregations)

pkg/statementbuilder/logsstatementbuilder/stmt_builder_test.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/telemetrytypes"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/telemetrytypes/telemetrytypestest"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/valuer"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
@@ -1271,3 +1272,119 @@ func newSkipResourceFingerprintLogsBuilder(
 		statementbuilder.Config{SkipResourceFingerprint: statementbuilder.SkipResourceFingerprint{Enabled: skipEnable, Threshold: threshold}},
 	)
 }
+
+func TestStatementBuilderHeatmap(t *testing.T) {
+	releaseTime := time.Date(2024, 1, 15, 10, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	startTs := uint64(releaseTime.UnixNano()) + uint64(24*time.Hour.Nanoseconds())
+	endTs := uint64(releaseTime.UnixNano()) + uint64(48*time.Hour.Nanoseconds())
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name        string
+		requestType qbtypes.RequestType
+		query       qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.LogAggregation]
+		expected    qbtypes.Statement
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "AttributeField_LogAxis_RequiresField",
+			requestType: qbtypes.RequestTypeHeatmap,
+			query: qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.LogAggregation]{
+				Signal:       telemetrytypes.SignalLogs,
+				StepInterval: qbtypes.Step{Duration: 30 * time.Second},
+				Aggregations: []qbtypes.LogAggregation{{Expression: "duration"}},
+				Filter:       &qbtypes.Filter{Expression: "service.name = 'cartservice'"},
+			},
+			expected: qbtypes.Statement{
+				Query: "WITH __resource_filter AS (SELECT fingerprint FROM signoz_logs.distributed_logs_v2_resource WHERE ((simpleJSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') = ? AND labels LIKE ? AND labels LIKE ?)) AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start >= ? AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start <= ? GROUP BY fingerprint), ifNull(multiIf(mapContains(attributes_number, 'duration'), toFloat64(attributes_number['duration']), NULL), 0) AS __bucket_value SELECT toStartOfInterval(fromUnixTimestamp64Nano(timestamp), INTERVAL 30 SECOND) AS ts, multiIf(__bucket_value <= 0, toFloat64('-Inf'), __bucket_value <= 2.3283064365386963e-10, toFloat64(0), __bucket_value > 1.8446744073709552e+19, toFloat64(1.8446744073709552e+19), pow(2, (ceil(log2(__bucket_value) * 16) - 1) / 16)) AS __bucket_min, multiIf(__bucket_value <= 0, toFloat64(0), __bucket_value <= 2.3283064365386963e-10, 2.3283064365386963e-10, __bucket_value > 1.8446744073709552e+19, toFloat64('+Inf'), pow(2, ceil(log2(__bucket_value) * 16) / 16)) AS __bucket_max, count() AS __result_0 FROM signoz_logs.distributed_logs_v2 WHERE resource_fingerprint GLOBAL IN (SELECT fingerprint FROM __resource_filter) AND mapContains(attributes_number, 'duration') AND timestamp >= ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? GROUP BY ts, __bucket_min, __bucket_max",
+				Args:  []any{"cartservice", "%service.name%", "%service.name\":\"cartservice%", uint64(1705397400), uint64(1705485600), "1705399200000000000", uint64(1705397400), "1705485600000000000", uint64(1705485600)},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "AttributeField_GroupByWithLimit_LinearAxis_RequiresFieldInLimit",
+			requestType: qbtypes.RequestTypeHeatmap,
+			query: qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.LogAggregation]{
+				Signal:        telemetrytypes.SignalLogs,
+				StepInterval:  qbtypes.Step{Duration: 60 * time.Second},
+				Aggregations:  []qbtypes.LogAggregation{{Expression: "http.status_code"}},
+				GroupBy:       []qbtypes.GroupByKey{{TelemetryFieldKey: telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey{Name: "service.name"}}},
+				Limit:         5,
+				BucketOptions: &qbtypes.BucketOptions{Kind: qbtypes.BucketsKindLinear, Spec: qbtypes.LinearBucketsSpec{MaxValue: 600, NumBuckets: 6}},
+			},
+			expected: qbtypes.Statement{
+				Query: "WITH ifNull(multiIf(mapContains(attributes_number, 'http.status_code'), toFloat64(attributes_number['http.status_code']), NULL), 0) AS __bucket_value, __limit_cte AS (SELECT toString(multiIf(resource.`service.name` IS NOT NULL, resource.`service.name`::String, NULL)) AS `__GROUP_BY_KEY_0_service.name`, count() AS __result_0 FROM signoz_logs.distributed_logs_v2 WHERE mapContains(attributes_number, 'http.status_code') AND timestamp >= ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? GROUP BY `__GROUP_BY_KEY_0_service.name` ORDER BY __result_0 DESC LIMIT ?) SELECT toStartOfInterval(fromUnixTimestamp64Nano(timestamp), INTERVAL 60 SECOND) AS ts, toString(multiIf(resource.`service.name` IS NOT NULL, resource.`service.name`::String, NULL)) AS `__GROUP_BY_KEY_0_service.name`, multiIf(__bucket_value <= 0, toFloat64('-Inf'), __bucket_value > 600, toFloat64(600), (least(greatest(ceil(__bucket_value * 6 / 600), 1), 6) - 1) * 600 / 6) AS __bucket_min, multiIf(__bucket_value <= 0, toFloat64(0), __bucket_value > 600, toFloat64('+Inf'), least(greatest(ceil(__bucket_value * 6 / 600), 1), 6) * 600 / 6) AS __bucket_max, count() AS __result_0 FROM signoz_logs.distributed_logs_v2 WHERE mapContains(attributes_number, 'http.status_code') AND timestamp >= ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? AND (`__GROUP_BY_KEY_0_service.name`) GLOBAL IN (SELECT `__GROUP_BY_KEY_0_service.name` FROM __limit_cte) GROUP BY ts, `__GROUP_BY_KEY_0_service.name`, __bucket_min, __bucket_max",
+				Args:  []any{"1705399200000000000", uint64(1705397400), "1705485600000000000", uint64(1705485600), 5, "1705399200000000000", uint64(1705397400), "1705485600000000000", uint64(1705485600)},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "QualifiedField_OrderedByAggregation_OrdersByCount",
+			requestType: qbtypes.RequestTypeHeatmap,
+			query: qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.LogAggregation]{
+				Signal:       telemetrytypes.SignalLogs,
+				StepInterval: qbtypes.Step{Duration: 30 * time.Second},
+				Aggregations: []qbtypes.LogAggregation{{Expression: "attribute.amount"}},
+				GroupBy:      []qbtypes.GroupByKey{{TelemetryFieldKey: telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey{Name: "service.name"}}},
+				Limit:        3,
+				Order: []qbtypes.OrderBy{{
+					Key:       qbtypes.OrderByKey{TelemetryFieldKey: telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey{Name: "amount", FieldContext: telemetrytypes.FieldContextAttribute}},
+					Direction: qbtypes.OrderDirectionAsc,
+				}},
+			},
+			expected: qbtypes.Statement{
+				Query: "WITH ifNull(multiIf(mapContains(attributes_number, 'amount'), toFloat64(attributes_number['amount']), NULL), 0) AS __bucket_value, __limit_cte AS (SELECT toString(multiIf(resource.`service.name` IS NOT NULL, resource.`service.name`::String, NULL)) AS `__GROUP_BY_KEY_0_service.name`, count() AS __result_0 FROM signoz_logs.distributed_logs_v2 WHERE mapContains(attributes_number, 'amount') AND timestamp >= ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? GROUP BY `__GROUP_BY_KEY_0_service.name` ORDER BY __result_0 asc LIMIT ?) SELECT toStartOfInterval(fromUnixTimestamp64Nano(timestamp), INTERVAL 30 SECOND) AS ts, toString(multiIf(resource.`service.name` IS NOT NULL, resource.`service.name`::String, NULL)) AS `__GROUP_BY_KEY_0_service.name`, multiIf(__bucket_value <= 0, toFloat64('-Inf'), __bucket_value <= 2.3283064365386963e-10, toFloat64(0), __bucket_value > 1.8446744073709552e+19, toFloat64(1.8446744073709552e+19), pow(2, (ceil(log2(__bucket_value) * 16) - 1) / 16)) AS __bucket_min, multiIf(__bucket_value <= 0, toFloat64(0), __bucket_value <= 2.3283064365386963e-10, 2.3283064365386963e-10, __bucket_value > 1.8446744073709552e+19, toFloat64('+Inf'), pow(2, ceil(log2(__bucket_value) * 16) / 16)) AS __bucket_max, count() AS __result_0 FROM signoz_logs.distributed_logs_v2 WHERE mapContains(attributes_number, 'amount') AND timestamp >= ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? AND (`__GROUP_BY_KEY_0_service.name`) GLOBAL IN (SELECT `__GROUP_BY_KEY_0_service.name` FROM __limit_cte) GROUP BY ts, `__GROUP_BY_KEY_0_service.name`, __bucket_min, __bucket_max ORDER BY ts desc",
+				Args:  []any{"1705399200000000000", uint64(1705397400), "1705485600000000000", uint64(1705485600), 3, "1705399200000000000", uint64(1705397400), "1705485600000000000", uint64(1705485600)},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "IntrinsicColumn_NoExists",
+			requestType: qbtypes.RequestTypeHeatmap,
+			query: qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.LogAggregation]{
+				Signal:       telemetrytypes.SignalLogs,
+				StepInterval: qbtypes.Step{Duration: 30 * time.Second},
+				Aggregations: []qbtypes.LogAggregation{{Expression: "log.severity_number"}},
+			},
+			expected: qbtypes.Statement{
+				Query: "WITH ifNull(toFloat64(severity_number), 0) AS __bucket_value SELECT toStartOfInterval(fromUnixTimestamp64Nano(timestamp), INTERVAL 30 SECOND) AS ts, multiIf(__bucket_value <= 0, toFloat64('-Inf'), __bucket_value <= 2.3283064365386963e-10, toFloat64(0), __bucket_value > 1.8446744073709552e+19, toFloat64(1.8446744073709552e+19), pow(2, (ceil(log2(__bucket_value) * 16) - 1) / 16)) AS __bucket_min, multiIf(__bucket_value <= 0, toFloat64(0), __bucket_value <= 2.3283064365386963e-10, 2.3283064365386963e-10, __bucket_value > 1.8446744073709552e+19, toFloat64('+Inf'), pow(2, ceil(log2(__bucket_value) * 16) / 16)) AS __bucket_max, count() AS __result_0 FROM signoz_logs.distributed_logs_v2 WHERE timestamp >= ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? GROUP BY ts, __bucket_min, __bucket_max",
+				Args:  []any{"1705399200000000000", uint64(1705397400), "1705485600000000000", uint64(1705485600)},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "Distribution_AttributeField_SameStatementAsHeatmap",
+			requestType: qbtypes.RequestTypeDistribution,
+			query: qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.LogAggregation]{
+				Signal:       telemetrytypes.SignalLogs,
+				StepInterval: qbtypes.Step{Duration: 30 * time.Second},
+				Aggregations: []qbtypes.LogAggregation{{Expression: "duration"}},
+				Filter:       &qbtypes.Filter{Expression: "service.name = 'cartservice'"},
+			},
+			expected: qbtypes.Statement{
+				Query: "WITH __resource_filter AS (SELECT fingerprint FROM signoz_logs.distributed_logs_v2_resource WHERE ((simpleJSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') = ? AND labels LIKE ? AND labels LIKE ?)) AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start >= ? AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start <= ? GROUP BY fingerprint), ifNull(multiIf(mapContains(attributes_number, 'duration'), toFloat64(attributes_number['duration']), NULL), 0) AS __bucket_value SELECT toStartOfInterval(fromUnixTimestamp64Nano(timestamp), INTERVAL 30 SECOND) AS ts, multiIf(__bucket_value <= 0, toFloat64('-Inf'), __bucket_value <= 2.3283064365386963e-10, toFloat64(0), __bucket_value > 1.8446744073709552e+19, toFloat64(1.8446744073709552e+19), pow(2, (ceil(log2(__bucket_value) * 16) - 1) / 16)) AS __bucket_min, multiIf(__bucket_value <= 0, toFloat64(0), __bucket_value <= 2.3283064365386963e-10, 2.3283064365386963e-10, __bucket_value > 1.8446744073709552e+19, toFloat64('+Inf'), pow(2, ceil(log2(__bucket_value) * 16) / 16)) AS __bucket_max, count() AS __result_0 FROM signoz_logs.distributed_logs_v2 WHERE resource_fingerprint GLOBAL IN (SELECT fingerprint FROM __resource_filter) AND mapContains(attributes_number, 'duration') AND timestamp >= ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? GROUP BY ts, __bucket_min, __bucket_max",
+				Args:  []any{"cartservice", "%service.name%", "%service.name\":\"cartservice%", uint64(1705397400), uint64(1705485600), "1705399200000000000", uint64(1705397400), "1705485600000000000", uint64(1705485600)},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	fl := flaggertest.New(t)
+	mockMetadataStore := telemetrytypestest.NewMockMetadataStore()
+	mockMetadataStore.KeysMap = logstelemetryschema.BuildCompleteFieldKeyMap(releaseTime)
+	storage := logstelemetryschema.NewStorage()
+	aggExprRewriter := querybuilder.NewAggExprRewriter(instrumentationtest.New().ToProviderSettings(), nil, storage, fl, telemetrytypes.SignalLogs)
+	statementBuilder := NewLogQueryStatementBuilder(
+		instrumentationtest.New().ToProviderSettings(),
+		mockMetadataStore,
+		storage,
+		aggExprRewriter,
+		logstelemetryschema.DefaultFullTextColumn,
+		fl,
+		nil,
+		statementbuilder.Config{SkipResourceFingerprint: statementbuilder.SkipResourceFingerprint{Enabled: false, Threshold: 100000}},
+	)
+
+	for _, testCase := range testCases {
+		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			statement, err := statementBuilder.Build(context.Background(), valuer.UUID{}, startTs, endTs, testCase.requestType, testCase.query, nil)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.expected.Query, statement.Query)
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.expected.Args, statement.Args)
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.expected.Warnings, statement.Warnings)
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/statementbuilder/metricsstatementbuilder/statement_builder.go

@@ -4,14 +4,11 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
-	"math"
 	"slices"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/clickhousesql"
-	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/factory"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/flagger"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/querybuilder"
@@ -917,6 +914,10 @@ const (
 
 	heatmapValueAlias = "__result_0"
 	heatmapWindow     = "__heatmap_window"
+
+	// The column __spatial_aggregation_cte carries the sample in, which is what
+	// the bucket axis is cut from.
+	heatmapValueColumn = "value"
 )
 
 func isHistogramBucket(k qbtypes.GroupByKey) bool { return k.Name == histogramBucketKey }
@@ -982,10 +983,7 @@ func buildValueHeatmapFinalSelect(
 	args []any,
 	query qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.MetricAggregation],
 ) (*qbtypes.Statement, error) {
-	bucketMin, bucketMax, err := renderHeatmapBucketExprs(*query.Aggregations[0].HeatmapBucketing)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
+	bucketMin, bucketMax := querybuilder.RenderHeatmapBucketExprs(*query.Aggregations[0].HeatmapBucketing, heatmapValueColumn)
 
 	groupAliases := GroupByAliases(query.GroupBy)
 
@@ -1003,61 +1001,6 @@ func buildValueHeatmapFinalSelect(
 	return &qbtypes.Statement{Query: combined + q, Args: append(args, a...)}, nil
 }
 
-// renderHeatmapBucketExprs renders the bucket (min, max] that `value` falls in.
-// Only the bucket under everything the axis covers is open below, and only the
-// one over it is open above.
-func renderHeatmapBucketExprs(bucketing qbtypes.HeatmapBucketing) (minExpr, maxExpr string, err error) {
-	switch bucketing.Kind {
-	case qbtypes.BucketsKindLinear:
-		return renderLinearBucketExprs(bucketing)
-	case qbtypes.BucketsKindLog:
-		return renderLogBucketExprs()
-	default:
-		return "", "", errors.NewInvalidInputf(errors.CodeInvalidInput,
-			"unsupported bucketsScaling %q for heatmap requests", bucketing.Kind.StringValue())
-	}
-}
-
-func renderLinearBucketExprs(bucketing qbtypes.HeatmapBucketing) (string, string, error) {
-	maxValue := formatFloat(bucketing.MaxValue)
-	numBuckets := strconv.Itoa(bucketing.NumBuckets)
-	index := fmt.Sprintf("least(greatest(ceil(value * %s / %s), 1), %s)", numBuckets, maxValue, numBuckets)
-
-	minExpr := fmt.Sprintf(
-		"multiIf(value <= 0, toFloat64('-Inf'), value > %s, toFloat64(%s), (%s - 1) * %s / %s)",
-		maxValue, maxValue, index, maxValue, numBuckets,
-	)
-	maxExpr := fmt.Sprintf(
-		"multiIf(value <= 0, toFloat64(0), value > %s, toFloat64('+Inf'), %s * %s / %s)",
-		maxValue, index, maxValue, numBuckets,
-	)
-	return minExpr, maxExpr, nil
-}
-
-// ClickHouse buckets at MaxLogScale whatever HeatmapBucketing.LogScale asks for;
-// postprocessing folds the axis down afterwards.
-func renderLogBucketExprs() (string, string, error) {
-	bucketsPerDoubling := formatFloat(math.Exp2(qbtypes.MaxLogScale))
-	lowest := formatFloat(qbtypes.MinLogUpperBound)
-	highest := formatFloat(qbtypes.MaxLogUpperBound)
-
-	minExpr := fmt.Sprintf(
-		"multiIf(value <= 0, toFloat64('-Inf'), value <= %s, toFloat64(0), value > %s, toFloat64(%s), pow(2, (ceil(log2(value) * %s) - 1) / %s))",
-		lowest, highest, highest, bucketsPerDoubling, bucketsPerDoubling,
-	)
-	maxExpr := fmt.Sprintf(
-		"multiIf(value <= 0, toFloat64(0), value <= %s, %s, value > %s, toFloat64('+Inf'), pow(2, ceil(log2(value) * %s) / %s))",
-		lowest, lowest, highest, bucketsPerDoubling, bucketsPerDoubling,
-	)
-	return minExpr, maxExpr, nil
-}
-
-// formatFloat renders a float64 as the shortest literal that reads back as the
-// same value, so an upper bound computed from it is identical on every row.
-func formatFloat(v float64) string {
-	return strconv.FormatFloat(v, 'g', -1, 64)
-}
-
 func GroupByColumnAlias(i int, name string) string {
 	if name == histogramBucketKey {
 		return clickhousesql.Identifier(histogramBucketKey)

pkg/statementbuilder/tracesstatementbuilder/statement_builder.go

@@ -178,6 +178,8 @@ func (b *traceQueryStatementBuilder) Build(
 		return b.buildListQuery(ctx, orgID, q, query, start, end, keys, variables, isSelectFieldsEmpty)
 	case qbtypes.RequestTypeTimeSeries:
 		return b.buildTimeSeriesQuery(ctx, orgID, q, query, start, end, keys, variables)
+	case qbtypes.RequestTypeHeatmap, qbtypes.RequestTypeDistribution:
+		return b.buildHeatmapTimeSeriesQuery(ctx, orgID, q, query, start, end, keys, variables)
 	case qbtypes.RequestTypeScalar:
 		return b.buildScalarQuery(ctx, orgID, q, query, start, end, keys, variables, false, false)
 	case qbtypes.RequestTypeTrace:
@@ -570,6 +572,48 @@ func (b *traceQueryStatementBuilder) buildTimeSeriesQuery(
 	keys map[string][]*telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey,
 	variables map[string]qbtypes.VariableItem,
 ) (*qbtypes.Statement, error) {
+	return b.buildTimeSeriesOrHeatmapQuery(ctx, orgID, sb, query, start, end, keys, variables, nil)
+}
+
+// buildHeatmapTimeSeriesQuery counts rows per (time bucket, group, value
+// bucket) of the field its aggregation names.
+func (b *traceQueryStatementBuilder) buildHeatmapTimeSeriesQuery(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	orgID valuer.UUID,
+	sb *sqlbuilder.SelectBuilder,
+	query qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.TraceAggregation],
+	start, end uint64,
+	keys map[string][]*telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey,
+	variables map[string]qbtypes.VariableItem,
+) (*qbtypes.Statement, error) {
+	heatmapField, countQuery, err := qbtypes.HeatmapCountQuery(query)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	info := querybuilder.NewQueryInfo(ctx, orgID, b.fl, telemetrytypes.SignalTraces, nil, start, end)
+	mayBeAbsent, err := querybuilder.HeatmapFieldMayBeAbsent(ctx, info, b.storage, heatmapField, keys)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if mayBeAbsent {
+		countQuery = qbtypes.RequireHeatmapField(countQuery, *heatmapField)
+	}
+	return b.buildTimeSeriesOrHeatmapQuery(ctx, orgID, sb, countQuery, start, end, keys, variables, heatmapField)
+}
+
+// buildTimeSeriesOrHeatmapQuery builds one row per (time bucket, group). A
+// non-nil heatmapField makes it a heatmap instead: the bucket a row's
+// heatmapField falls in joins the group keys, so a row is one cell.
+func (b *traceQueryStatementBuilder) buildTimeSeriesOrHeatmapQuery(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	orgID valuer.UUID,
+	sb *sqlbuilder.SelectBuilder,
+	query qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.TraceAggregation],
+	start, end uint64,
+	keys map[string][]*telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey,
+	variables map[string]qbtypes.VariableItem,
+	heatmapField *telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey,
+) (*qbtypes.Statement, error) {
 
 	var (
 		cteFragments   []string
@@ -610,6 +654,19 @@ func (b *traceQueryStatementBuilder) buildTimeSeriesQuery(
 		fieldNames = append(fieldNames, sqlbuilder.Escape(fieldAlias))
 	}
 
+	var bucketAliases []string
+	if heatmapField != nil {
+		valueFragment, aliases, warnings, err := querybuilder.HeatmapBucketColumns(
+			ctx, info, b.storage, sb, heatmapField, query.BucketOptions, keys,
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		cteFragments = append(cteFragments, valueFragment)
+		bucketAliases = aliases
+		columnWarnings = append(columnWarnings, warnings...)
+	}
+
 	// Aggregations
 	allAggChArgs := make([]any, 0)
 	for i, agg := range query.Aggregations {
@@ -653,6 +710,7 @@ func (b *traceQueryStatementBuilder) buildTimeSeriesQuery(
 		// Group by all dimensions
 		sb.GroupBy("ts")
 		sb.GroupBy(fieldNames...)
+		sb.GroupBy(bucketAliases...)
 		if query.Having != nil && query.Having.Expression != "" {
 			rewriter := querybuilder.NewHavingExpressionRewriter()
 			rewrittenExpr, err := rewriter.RewriteForTraces(query.Having.Expression, query.Aggregations)
@@ -686,6 +744,7 @@ func (b *traceQueryStatementBuilder) buildTimeSeriesQuery(
 	} else {
 		sb.GroupBy("ts")
 		sb.GroupBy(fieldNames...)
+		sb.GroupBy(bucketAliases...)
 		if query.Having != nil && query.Having.Expression != "" {
 			rewriter := querybuilder.NewHavingExpressionRewriter()
 			rewrittenExpr, err := rewriter.RewriteForTraces(query.Having.Expression, query.Aggregations)

pkg/statementbuilder/tracesstatementbuilder/stmt_builder_test.go

@@ -2113,3 +2113,103 @@ func TestStatementBuilderSemconvSingleSpelling(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, "WITH __resource_filter AS (SELECT fingerprint FROM signoz_traces.distributed_traces_v3_resource WHERE (simpleJSONExtractString(labels, 'deployment.environment') = ? AND labels LIKE ? AND labels LIKE ?) AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start >= ? AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start <= ? GROUP BY fingerprint) SELECT toString(multiIf(resource.`deployment.environment` IS NOT NULL, resource.`deployment.environment`::String, mapContains(resources_string, 'deployment.environment'), resources_string['deployment.environment'], NULL)) AS `__GROUP_BY_KEY_0_deployment.environment.name`, count() AS __result_0 FROM signoz_traces.distributed_signoz_index_v3 WHERE resource_fingerprint GLOBAL IN (SELECT fingerprint FROM __resource_filter) AND timestamp >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? GROUP BY `__GROUP_BY_KEY_0_deployment.environment.name` ORDER BY __result_0 DESC", q.Query)
 }
+
+func TestStatementBuilderHeatmap(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name        string
+		requestType qbtypes.RequestType
+		query       qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.TraceAggregation]
+		expected    qbtypes.Statement
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "DurationNano_CollidingAttribute_NoExists",
+			requestType: qbtypes.RequestTypeHeatmap,
+			query: qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.TraceAggregation]{
+				Signal:       telemetrytypes.SignalTraces,
+				StepInterval: qbtypes.Step{Duration: 30 * time.Second},
+				Aggregations: []qbtypes.TraceAggregation{{Expression: "duration_nano"}},
+				Filter:       &qbtypes.Filter{Expression: "service.name = 'redis-manual'"},
+			},
+			expected: qbtypes.Statement{
+				Query: "WITH __resource_filter AS (SELECT fingerprint FROM signoz_traces.distributed_traces_v3_resource WHERE (simpleJSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') = ? AND labels LIKE ? AND labels LIKE ?) AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start >= ? AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start <= ? GROUP BY fingerprint), ifNull(toFloat64(duration_nano), 0) AS __bucket_value SELECT toStartOfInterval(timestamp, INTERVAL 30 SECOND) AS ts, multiIf(__bucket_value <= 0, toFloat64('-Inf'), __bucket_value <= 2.3283064365386963e-10, toFloat64(0), __bucket_value > 1.8446744073709552e+19, toFloat64(1.8446744073709552e+19), pow(2, (ceil(log2(__bucket_value) * 16) - 1) / 16)) AS __bucket_min, multiIf(__bucket_value <= 0, toFloat64(0), __bucket_value <= 2.3283064365386963e-10, 2.3283064365386963e-10, __bucket_value > 1.8446744073709552e+19, toFloat64('+Inf'), pow(2, ceil(log2(__bucket_value) * 16) / 16)) AS __bucket_max, count() AS __result_0 FROM signoz_traces.distributed_signoz_index_v3 WHERE resource_fingerprint GLOBAL IN (SELECT fingerprint FROM __resource_filter) AND timestamp >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? GROUP BY ts, __bucket_min, __bucket_max",
+				Args:  []any{"redis-manual", "%service.name%", "%service.name\":\"redis-manual%", uint64(1747945619), uint64(1747983448), "1747947419000000000", "1747983448000000000", uint64(1747945619), uint64(1747983448)},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "AttributeField_GroupByWithLimit_LinearAxis_RequiresFieldInLimit",
+			requestType: qbtypes.RequestTypeHeatmap,
+			query: qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.TraceAggregation]{
+				Signal:        telemetrytypes.SignalTraces,
+				StepInterval:  qbtypes.Step{Duration: 60 * time.Second},
+				Aggregations:  []qbtypes.TraceAggregation{{Expression: "cart.items_count"}},
+				GroupBy:       []qbtypes.GroupByKey{{TelemetryFieldKey: telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey{Name: "service.name"}}},
+				Limit:         5,
+				BucketOptions: &qbtypes.BucketOptions{Kind: qbtypes.BucketsKindLinear, Spec: qbtypes.LinearBucketsSpec{MaxValue: 50, NumBuckets: 5}},
+			},
+			expected: qbtypes.Statement{
+				Query: "WITH ifNull(multiIf(`attribute_number_cart$$items_count_exists` = true, toFloat64(`attribute_number_cart$$items_count`), NULL), 0) AS __bucket_value, __limit_cte AS (SELECT toString(multiIf(resource.`service.name` IS NOT NULL, resource.`service.name`::String, NULL)) AS `__GROUP_BY_KEY_0_service.name`, count() AS __result_0 FROM signoz_traces.distributed_signoz_index_v3 WHERE `attribute_number_cart$$items_count_exists` = true AND timestamp >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? GROUP BY `__GROUP_BY_KEY_0_service.name` ORDER BY __result_0 DESC LIMIT ?) SELECT toStartOfInterval(timestamp, INTERVAL 60 SECOND) AS ts, toString(multiIf(resource.`service.name` IS NOT NULL, resource.`service.name`::String, NULL)) AS `__GROUP_BY_KEY_0_service.name`, multiIf(__bucket_value <= 0, toFloat64('-Inf'), __bucket_value > 50, toFloat64(50), (least(greatest(ceil(__bucket_value * 5 / 50), 1), 5) - 1) * 50 / 5) AS __bucket_min, multiIf(__bucket_value <= 0, toFloat64(0), __bucket_value > 50, toFloat64('+Inf'), least(greatest(ceil(__bucket_value * 5 / 50), 1), 5) * 50 / 5) AS __bucket_max, count() AS __result_0 FROM signoz_traces.distributed_signoz_index_v3 WHERE `attribute_number_cart$$items_count_exists` = true AND timestamp >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? AND (`__GROUP_BY_KEY_0_service.name`) GLOBAL IN (SELECT `__GROUP_BY_KEY_0_service.name` FROM __limit_cte) GROUP BY ts, `__GROUP_BY_KEY_0_service.name`, __bucket_min, __bucket_max",
+				Args:  []any{"1747947419000000000", "1747983448000000000", uint64(1747945619), uint64(1747983448), 5, "1747947419000000000", "1747983448000000000", uint64(1747945619), uint64(1747983448)},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "QualifiedField_OrderedByAggregation_OrdersByCount",
+			requestType: qbtypes.RequestTypeHeatmap,
+			query: qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.TraceAggregation]{
+				Signal:       telemetrytypes.SignalTraces,
+				StepInterval: qbtypes.Step{Duration: 30 * time.Second},
+				Aggregations: []qbtypes.TraceAggregation{{Expression: "attribute.metric.max_count"}},
+				GroupBy:      []qbtypes.GroupByKey{{TelemetryFieldKey: telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey{Name: "service.name"}}},
+				Limit:        3,
+				Order: []qbtypes.OrderBy{{
+					Key:       qbtypes.OrderByKey{TelemetryFieldKey: telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey{Name: "metric.max_count", FieldContext: telemetrytypes.FieldContextAttribute}},
+					Direction: qbtypes.OrderDirectionDesc,
+				}},
+			},
+			expected: qbtypes.Statement{
+				Query: "WITH ifNull(multiIf(mapContains(attributes_number, 'metric.max_count'), toFloat64(attributes_number['metric.max_count']), NULL), 0) AS __bucket_value, __limit_cte AS (SELECT toString(multiIf(resource.`service.name` IS NOT NULL, resource.`service.name`::String, NULL)) AS `__GROUP_BY_KEY_0_service.name`, count() AS __result_0 FROM signoz_traces.distributed_signoz_index_v3 WHERE mapContains(attributes_number, 'metric.max_count') AND timestamp >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? GROUP BY `__GROUP_BY_KEY_0_service.name` ORDER BY __result_0 desc LIMIT ?) SELECT toStartOfInterval(timestamp, INTERVAL 30 SECOND) AS ts, toString(multiIf(resource.`service.name` IS NOT NULL, resource.`service.name`::String, NULL)) AS `__GROUP_BY_KEY_0_service.name`, multiIf(__bucket_value <= 0, toFloat64('-Inf'), __bucket_value <= 2.3283064365386963e-10, toFloat64(0), __bucket_value > 1.8446744073709552e+19, toFloat64(1.8446744073709552e+19), pow(2, (ceil(log2(__bucket_value) * 16) - 1) / 16)) AS __bucket_min, multiIf(__bucket_value <= 0, toFloat64(0), __bucket_value <= 2.3283064365386963e-10, 2.3283064365386963e-10, __bucket_value > 1.8446744073709552e+19, toFloat64('+Inf'), pow(2, ceil(log2(__bucket_value) * 16) / 16)) AS __bucket_max, count() AS __result_0 FROM signoz_traces.distributed_signoz_index_v3 WHERE mapContains(attributes_number, 'metric.max_count') AND timestamp >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? AND (`__GROUP_BY_KEY_0_service.name`) GLOBAL IN (SELECT `__GROUP_BY_KEY_0_service.name` FROM __limit_cte) GROUP BY ts, `__GROUP_BY_KEY_0_service.name`, __bucket_min, __bucket_max ORDER BY ts desc",
+				Args:  []any{"1747947419000000000", "1747983448000000000", uint64(1747945619), uint64(1747983448), 3, "1747947419000000000", "1747983448000000000", uint64(1747945619), uint64(1747983448)},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "Distribution_DurationNano_SameStatementAsHeatmap",
+			requestType: qbtypes.RequestTypeDistribution,
+			query: qbtypes.QueryBuilderQuery[qbtypes.TraceAggregation]{
+				Signal:       telemetrytypes.SignalTraces,
+				StepInterval: qbtypes.Step{Duration: 30 * time.Second},
+				Aggregations: []qbtypes.TraceAggregation{{Expression: "duration_nano"}},
+				Filter:       &qbtypes.Filter{Expression: "service.name = 'redis-manual'"},
+			},
+			expected: qbtypes.Statement{
+				Query: "WITH __resource_filter AS (SELECT fingerprint FROM signoz_traces.distributed_traces_v3_resource WHERE (simpleJSONExtractString(labels, 'service.name') = ? AND labels LIKE ? AND labels LIKE ?) AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start >= ? AND seen_at_ts_bucket_start <= ? GROUP BY fingerprint), ifNull(toFloat64(duration_nano), 0) AS __bucket_value SELECT toStartOfInterval(timestamp, INTERVAL 30 SECOND) AS ts, multiIf(__bucket_value <= 0, toFloat64('-Inf'), __bucket_value <= 2.3283064365386963e-10, toFloat64(0), __bucket_value > 1.8446744073709552e+19, toFloat64(1.8446744073709552e+19), pow(2, (ceil(log2(__bucket_value) * 16) - 1) / 16)) AS __bucket_min, multiIf(__bucket_value <= 0, toFloat64(0), __bucket_value <= 2.3283064365386963e-10, 2.3283064365386963e-10, __bucket_value > 1.8446744073709552e+19, toFloat64('+Inf'), pow(2, ceil(log2(__bucket_value) * 16) / 16)) AS __bucket_max, count() AS __result_0 FROM signoz_traces.distributed_signoz_index_v3 WHERE resource_fingerprint GLOBAL IN (SELECT fingerprint FROM __resource_filter) AND timestamp >= ? AND timestamp < ? AND ts_bucket_start >= ? AND ts_bucket_start <= ? GROUP BY ts, __bucket_min, __bucket_max",
+				Args:  []any{"redis-manual", "%service.name%", "%service.name\":\"redis-manual%", uint64(1747945619), uint64(1747983448), "1747947419000000000", "1747983448000000000", uint64(1747945619), uint64(1747983448)},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	releaseTime := time.Date(2025, 5, 22, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	fl := flaggertest.New(t)
+	storage := tracestelemetryschema.NewStorage(nil)
+	mockMetadataStore := telemetrytypestest.NewMockMetadataStore()
+	mockMetadataStore.KeysMap = tracestelemetryschema.BuildCompleteFieldKeyMap(releaseTime)
+	aggExprRewriter := querybuilder.NewAggExprRewriter(instrumentationtest.New().ToProviderSettings(), nil, storage, fl, telemetrytypes.SignalTraces)
+	statementBuilder := NewTraceQueryStatementBuilder(
+		instrumentationtest.New().ToProviderSettings(),
+		mockMetadataStore,
+		storage,
+		aggExprRewriter,
+		nil,
+		fl,
+		false,
+		100000,
+	)
+
+	for _, testCase := range testCases {
+		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			statement, err := statementBuilder.Build(context.Background(), valuer.UUID{}, 1747947419000, 1747983448000, testCase.requestType, testCase.query, nil)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.expected.Query, statement.Query)
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.expected.Args, statement.Args)
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.expected.Warnings, statement.Warnings)
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/types/audittypes/attributes.go

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 package audittypes
 
 import (
+	"net"
 	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz-semantic-conventions/gen/go/sigsemconv"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/authtypes"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/coretypes"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/valuer"
@@ -16,10 +19,9 @@ type AuditAttributes struct {
 	Action         coretypes.Verb           // guaranteed to be present
 	ActionCategory coretypes.ActionCategory // guaranteed to be present
 	Outcome        Outcome                  // guaranteed to be present
-	IdentNProvider authtypes.IdentNProvider
 }
 
-func NewAuditAttributesFromHTTP(statusCode int, action coretypes.Verb, category coretypes.ActionCategory, claims authtypes.Claims) AuditAttributes {
+func NewAuditAttributesFromHTTP(statusCode int, action coretypes.Verb, category coretypes.ActionCategory) AuditAttributes {
 	outcome := OutcomeFailure
 	if statusCode >= 200 && statusCode < 400 {
 		outcome = OutcomeSuccess
@@ -29,15 +31,13 @@ func NewAuditAttributesFromHTTP(statusCode int, action coretypes.Verb, category
 		Action:         action,
 		ActionCategory: category,
 		Outcome:        outcome,
-		IdentNProvider: claims.IdentNProvider,
 	}
 }
 
 func (attributes AuditAttributes) Put(dest pcommon.Map) {
-	dest.PutStr("signoz.audit.action", attributes.Action.StringValue())
-	dest.PutStr("signoz.audit.action_category", attributes.ActionCategory.StringValue())
-	dest.PutStr("signoz.audit.outcome", attributes.Outcome.StringValue())
-	putStrIfNotEmpty(dest, "signoz.audit.identn_provider", attributes.IdentNProvider.StringValue())
+	dest.PutStr(string(sigsemconv.SigNozAuditVerbKey), attributes.Action.StringValue())
+	dest.PutStr(string(sigsemconv.SigNozAuditActionCategoryKey), attributes.ActionCategory.StringValue())
+	dest.PutStr(string(sigsemconv.SigNozAuditOutcomeKey), attributes.Outcome.StringValue())
 }
 
 // Audit attributes — Principal (Who).
@@ -50,6 +50,9 @@ type PrincipalAttributes struct {
 
 func NewPrincipalAttributesFromClaims(claims authtypes.Claims) PrincipalAttributes {
 	principalID, _ := valuer.NewUUID(claims.UserID)
+	if claims.Principal == authtypes.PrincipalServiceAccount {
+		principalID, _ = valuer.NewUUID(claims.ServiceAccountID)
+	}
 	principalEmail, _ := valuer.NewEmail(claims.Email)
 	principalOrgID, _ := valuer.NewUUID(claims.OrgID)
 
@@ -62,10 +65,12 @@ func NewPrincipalAttributesFromClaims(claims authtypes.Claims) PrincipalAttribut
 }
 
 func (attributes PrincipalAttributes) Put(dest pcommon.Map) {
-	dest.PutStr("signoz.audit.principal.id", attributes.PrincipalID.StringValue())
-	dest.PutStr("signoz.audit.principal.email", attributes.PrincipalEmail.String())
-	dest.PutStr("signoz.audit.principal.type", attributes.PrincipalType.StringValue())
-	dest.PutStr("signoz.audit.principal.org_id", attributes.PrincipalOrgID.StringValue())
+	if !attributes.PrincipalID.IsZero() {
+		dest.PutStr(string(sigsemconv.SigNozPrincipalIDKey), attributes.PrincipalID.StringValue())
+		putStrIfNotEmpty(dest, string(sigsemconv.SigNozPrincipalTypeKey), attributes.PrincipalType.StringValue())
+	}
+	putStrIfNotEmpty(dest, string(sigsemconv.SigNozPrincipalEmailKey), attributes.PrincipalEmail.String())
+	dest.PutStr(string(sigsemconv.SigNozOrganizationIDKey), attributes.PrincipalOrgID.StringValue())
 }
 
 // Audit attributes — Resource (On What).
@@ -73,11 +78,6 @@ func (attributes PrincipalAttributes) Put(dest pcommon.Map) {
 type ResourceAttributes struct {
 	Resource   coretypes.Resource // guaranteed to be present
 	ResourceID string
-
-	// TargetResource names the counterpart of an attach/detach event (audit
-	// context only). nil when there is no relationship.
-	TargetResource   coretypes.Resource
-	TargetResourceID string
 }
 
 func NewResourceAttributes(resource coretypes.Resource, resourceID string) ResourceAttributes {
@@ -87,55 +87,75 @@ func NewResourceAttributes(resource coretypes.Resource, resourceID string) Resou
 	}
 }
 
-// NewAttachResourceAttributes builds resource attributes that additionally name
-// the target counterpart (used for attach/detach audit events).
-func NewRelatedResourceAttributes(resource coretypes.Resource, resourceID string, targetResource coretypes.Resource, targetResourceID string) ResourceAttributes {
-	return ResourceAttributes{
-		Resource:         resource,
-		ResourceID:       resourceID,
+// Put writes the resource attributes to an OTel Resource's attribute map.
+// These are resource-level attributes (stored in the resource JSON column),
+// not event-level attributes (stored in attributes_string).
+func (attributes ResourceAttributes) Put(orgID valuer.UUID, dest pcommon.Map) {
+	putStrIfNotEmpty(dest, string(sigsemconv.SigNozResourceKindKey), attributes.Resource.Kind().String())
+	putStrIfNotEmpty(dest, string(sigsemconv.SigNozResourceIDKey), attributes.ResourceID)
+	if attributes.ResourceID != "" {
+		putStrIfNotEmpty(dest, string(sigsemconv.SigNozResourceObjectKey), attributes.Resource.Object(orgID, attributes.ResourceID))
+	}
+}
+
+// Audit attributes — Target (To/From What).
+// The counterpart of an attach/detach event, placed on the log record.
+type TargetAttributes struct {
+	// nil when there is no relationship.
+	TargetResource   coretypes.Resource
+	TargetResourceID string
+}
+
+func NewTargetAttributes(targetResource coretypes.Resource, targetResourceID string) TargetAttributes {
+	return TargetAttributes{
 		TargetResource:   targetResource,
 		TargetResourceID: targetResourceID,
 	}
 }
 
-// PutResource writes the resource attributes to an OTel Resource's attribute map.
-// These are resource-level attributes (stored in the resource JSON column),
-// not event-level attributes (stored in attributes_string).
-func (attributes ResourceAttributes) PutResource(orgID valuer.UUID, dest pcommon.Map) {
-	putStrIfNotEmpty(dest, "signoz.audit.resource.kind", attributes.Resource.Kind().String())
-	putStrIfNotEmpty(dest, "signoz.audit.resource.id", attributes.ResourceID)
-	if attributes.ResourceID != "" {
-		putStrIfNotEmpty(dest, "signoz.audit.resource.object", attributes.Resource.Object(orgID, attributes.ResourceID))
+func (attributes TargetAttributes) Put(orgID valuer.UUID, dest pcommon.Map) {
+	if attributes.TargetResource == nil {
+		return
 	}
 
-	if attributes.TargetResource != nil {
-		putStrIfNotEmpty(dest, "signoz.audit.resource.target.kind", attributes.TargetResource.Kind().String())
-		putStrIfNotEmpty(dest, "signoz.audit.resource.target.id", attributes.TargetResourceID)
-		if attributes.TargetResourceID != "" {
-			putStrIfNotEmpty(dest, "signoz.audit.resource.target.object", attributes.TargetResource.Object(orgID, attributes.TargetResourceID))
-		}
+	putStrIfNotEmpty(dest, string(sigsemconv.SigNozResourceTargetKindKey), attributes.TargetResource.Kind().String())
+	putStrIfNotEmpty(dest, string(sigsemconv.SigNozResourceTargetIDKey), attributes.TargetResourceID)
+	if attributes.TargetResourceID != "" {
+		putStrIfNotEmpty(dest, string(sigsemconv.SigNozResourceTargetObjectKey), attributes.TargetResource.Object(orgID, attributes.TargetResourceID))
+	}
+}
+
+// Audit attributes: Relation (attach/detach).
+// One side of a relation: the resource the event is recorded from, placed on
+// the Resource, and its counterpart, placed on the log record.
+type RelatedResourceAttributes struct {
+	Resource ResourceAttributes
+	Target   TargetAttributes
+}
+
+func NewRelatedResourceAttributes(resource coretypes.Resource, resourceID string, targetResource coretypes.Resource, targetResourceID string) RelatedResourceAttributes {
+	return RelatedResourceAttributes{
+		Resource: NewResourceAttributes(resource, resourceID),
+		Target:   NewTargetAttributes(targetResource, targetResourceID),
 	}
 }
 
 // Audit attributes — Error (When outcome is failure)
 // Error messages are intentionally excluded to avoid leaking sensitive or
-// PII data into audit logs. The error type and code are sufficient for
-// filtering and alerting; investigators can correlate via trace ID.
+// PII data into audit logs. The error type is sufficient for filtering and
+// alerting; investigators can correlate via trace ID.
 type ErrorAttributes struct {
 	ErrorType string
-	ErrorCode string
 }
 
-func NewErrorAttributes(errorType, errorCode string) ErrorAttributes {
+func NewErrorAttributes(errorType string) ErrorAttributes {
 	return ErrorAttributes{
 		ErrorType: errorType,
-		ErrorCode: errorCode,
 	}
 }
 
 func (attributes ErrorAttributes) Put(dest pcommon.Map) {
-	putStrIfNotEmpty(dest, "signoz.audit.error.type", attributes.ErrorType)
-	putStrIfNotEmpty(dest, "signoz.audit.error.code", attributes.ErrorCode)
+	putStrIfNotEmpty(dest, string(semconv.ExceptionTypeKey), attributes.ErrorType)
 }
 
 // Audit attributes — Transport Context (Where/How).
@@ -148,6 +168,7 @@ type TransportAttributes struct {
 	HTTPStatusCode         int
 	URLPath                string
 	ClientAddress          string
+	ClientPort             int
 	UserAgent              string
 }
 
@@ -157,15 +178,18 @@ func NewTransportAttributesFromHTTP(req *http.Request, route string, statusCode
 		scheme = "https"
 	}
 
+	clientAddress, clientPort := splitHostPort(req.RemoteAddr)
+
 	return TransportAttributes{
 		NetworkProtocolName:    "http",
-		NetworkProtocolVersion: req.Proto,
+		NetworkProtocolVersion: networkProtocolVersion(req),
 		URLScheme:              scheme,
 		HTTPMethod:             req.Method,
 		HTTPRoute:              route,
 		HTTPStatusCode:         statusCode,
 		URLPath:                req.URL.Path,
-		ClientAddress:          req.RemoteAddr,
+		ClientAddress:          clientAddress,
+		ClientPort:             clientPort,
 		UserAgent:              req.UserAgent(),
 	}
 }
@@ -181,16 +205,43 @@ func (attributes TransportAttributes) Put(dest pcommon.Map) {
 	}
 	putStrIfNotEmpty(dest, string(semconv.URLPathKey), attributes.URLPath)
 	putStrIfNotEmpty(dest, string(semconv.ClientAddressKey), attributes.ClientAddress)
+	if attributes.ClientPort != 0 {
+		dest.PutInt(string(semconv.ClientPortKey), int64(attributes.ClientPort))
+	}
 	putStrIfNotEmpty(dest, string(semconv.UserAgentOriginalKey), attributes.UserAgent)
 }
 
+// networkProtocolVersion drops the HTTP/ prefix, and the .0 of HTTP/2 and later.
+func networkProtocolVersion(req *http.Request) string {
+	if req.ProtoMajor >= 2 && req.ProtoMinor == 0 {
+		return strconv.Itoa(req.ProtoMajor)
+	}
+
+	return strconv.Itoa(req.ProtoMajor) + "." + strconv.Itoa(req.ProtoMinor)
+}
+
+// splitHostPort returns addr unchanged with port 0 when it has no valid port.
+func splitHostPort(addr string) (string, int) {
+	host, portStr, err := net.SplitHostPort(addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return addr, 0
+	}
+
+	port, err := strconv.Atoi(portStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return addr, 0
+	}
+
+	return host, port
+}
+
 func putStrIfNotEmpty(attrs pcommon.Map, key, value string) {
 	if value != "" {
 		attrs.PutStr(key, value)
 	}
 }
 
-func newBody(auditAttributes AuditAttributes, principalAttributes PrincipalAttributes, resourceAttributes ResourceAttributes, errorAttributes ErrorAttributes) string {
+func newBody(auditAttributes AuditAttributes, principalAttributes PrincipalAttributes, resourceAttributes ResourceAttributes, targetAttributes TargetAttributes, errorAttributes ErrorAttributes) string {
 	var b strings.Builder
 
 	// Principal: "email (id)" or "id" or "email" or omitted.
@@ -227,36 +278,25 @@ func newBody(auditAttributes AuditAttributes, principalAttributes PrincipalAttri
 		b.WriteString(")")
 	}
 
-	// Target (attach/detach context): " · target kind (id)" or " · target kind".
-	if resourceAttributes.TargetResource != nil {
-		b.WriteString(" to ")
-		b.WriteString(resourceAttributes.TargetResource.Kind().String())
-		if resourceAttributes.TargetResourceID != "" {
+	// Target (attach/detach context): " to target kind (id)" or " from target kind" for detach.
+	if targetAttributes.TargetResource != nil {
+		if auditAttributes.Action == coretypes.VerbDetach {
+			b.WriteString(" from ")
+		} else {
+			b.WriteString(" to ")
+		}
+		b.WriteString(targetAttributes.TargetResource.Kind().String())
+		if targetAttributes.TargetResourceID != "" {
 			b.WriteString(" (")
-			b.WriteString(resourceAttributes.TargetResourceID)
+			b.WriteString(targetAttributes.TargetResourceID)
 			b.WriteString(")")
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Error suffix (failure only): ": type (code)" or ": type" or ": (code)" or omitted.
-	if auditAttributes.Outcome == OutcomeFailure {
-		errorType := errorAttributes.ErrorType
-		errorCode := errorAttributes.ErrorCode
-		if errorType != "" || errorCode != "" {
-			b.WriteString(": ")
-			if errorType != "" && errorCode != "" {
-				b.WriteString(errorType)
-				b.WriteString(" (")
-				b.WriteString(errorCode)
-				b.WriteString(")")
-			} else if errorType != "" {
-				b.WriteString(errorType)
-			} else {
-				b.WriteString("(")
-				b.WriteString(errorCode)
-				b.WriteString(")")
-			}
-		}
+	// Error suffix (failure only): ": type" or omitted.
+	if auditAttributes.Outcome == OutcomeFailure && errorAttributes.ErrorType != "" {
+		b.WriteString(": ")
+		b.WriteString(errorAttributes.ErrorType)
 	}
 
 	return b.String()

pkg/types/audittypes/attributes_test.go

@@ -3,15 +3,12 @@ package audittypes
 import (
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/authtypes"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/coretypes"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/valuer"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
 
 func TestNewAuditAttributesFromHTTP_OutcomeBoundary(t *testing.T) {
-	claims := authtypes.Claims{IdentNProvider: authtypes.IdentNProviderTokenizer}
-
 	testCases := []struct {
 		name            string
 		statusCode      int
@@ -36,7 +33,7 @@ func TestNewAuditAttributesFromHTTP_OutcomeBoundary(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, testCase := range testCases {
 		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			attrs := NewAuditAttributesFromHTTP(testCase.statusCode, coretypes.VerbUpdate, coretypes.ActionCategoryConfigurationChange, claims)
+			attrs := NewAuditAttributesFromHTTP(testCase.statusCode, coretypes.VerbUpdate, coretypes.ActionCategoryConfigurationChange)
 			assert.Equal(t, testCase.expectedOutcome, attrs.Outcome)
 		})
 	}
@@ -48,6 +45,7 @@ func TestNewBody(t *testing.T) {
 		auditAttributes     AuditAttributes
 		principalAttributes PrincipalAttributes
 		resourceAttributes  ResourceAttributes
+		targetAttributes    TargetAttributes
 		errorAttributes     ErrorAttributes
 		expectedBody        string
 	}{
@@ -154,9 +152,8 @@ func TestNewBody(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			errorAttributes: ErrorAttributes{
 				ErrorType: "forbidden",
-				ErrorCode: "authz_forbidden",
 			},
-			expectedBody: "viewer@acme.com (019aaaaa-bbbb-7000-8000-cccc00000002) failed to update dashboard (019b-5678): forbidden (authz_forbidden)",
+			expectedBody: "viewer@acme.com (019aaaaa-bbbb-7000-8000-cccc00000002) failed to update dashboard (019b-5678): forbidden",
 		},
 		{
 			name: "Failure_ErrorTypeOnly",
@@ -193,11 +190,47 @@ func TestNewBody(t *testing.T) {
 			errorAttributes: ErrorAttributes{},
 			expectedBody:    "test@acme.com (019a1234-abcd-7000-8000-567800000001) failed to create dashboard (019b-5678)",
 		},
+		{
+			name: "Success_Attach",
+			auditAttributes: AuditAttributes{
+				Action:  coretypes.VerbAttach,
+				Outcome: OutcomeSuccess,
+			},
+			principalAttributes: PrincipalAttributes{},
+			resourceAttributes:  NewResourceAttributes(coretypes.ResourceRole, "role-1"),
+			targetAttributes:    NewTargetAttributes(coretypes.ResourceServiceAccount, "sa-1"),
+			errorAttributes:     ErrorAttributes{},
+			expectedBody:        "attached role (role-1) to serviceaccount (sa-1)",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Success_Detach",
+			auditAttributes: AuditAttributes{
+				Action:  coretypes.VerbDetach,
+				Outcome: OutcomeSuccess,
+			},
+			principalAttributes: PrincipalAttributes{},
+			resourceAttributes:  NewResourceAttributes(coretypes.ResourceRole, "role-1"),
+			targetAttributes:    NewTargetAttributes(coretypes.ResourceServiceAccount, "sa-1"),
+			errorAttributes:     ErrorAttributes{},
+			expectedBody:        "detached role (role-1) from serviceaccount (sa-1)",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Failure_Detach",
+			auditAttributes: AuditAttributes{
+				Action:  coretypes.VerbDetach,
+				Outcome: OutcomeFailure,
+			},
+			principalAttributes: PrincipalAttributes{},
+			resourceAttributes:  NewResourceAttributes(coretypes.ResourceRole, "role-1"),
+			targetAttributes:    NewTargetAttributes(coretypes.ResourceServiceAccount, "sa-1"),
+			errorAttributes:     ErrorAttributes{},
+			expectedBody:        "failed to detach role (role-1) from serviceaccount (sa-1)",
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, testCase := range testCases {
 		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			body := newBody(testCase.auditAttributes, testCase.principalAttributes, testCase.resourceAttributes, testCase.errorAttributes)
+			body := newBody(testCase.auditAttributes, testCase.principalAttributes, testCase.resourceAttributes, testCase.targetAttributes, testCase.errorAttributes)
 			assert.Equal(t, testCase.expectedBody, body)
 		})
 	}

pkg/types/audittypes/event.go

@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@ type AuditEvent struct {
 	// Custom Audit Attributes - Resource
 	ResourceAttributes ResourceAttributes
 
+	// Custom Audit Attributes - Target
+	TargetAttributes TargetAttributes
+
 	// Custom Audit Attributes - Error
 	ErrorAttributes ErrorAttributes
 
@@ -56,23 +59,24 @@ func NewAuditEventFromHTTPRequest(
 	actionCategory coretypes.ActionCategory,
 	claims authtypes.Claims,
 	resourceAttributes ResourceAttributes,
+	targetAttributes TargetAttributes,
 	errorType string,
-	errorCode string,
 ) AuditEvent {
-	auditAttributes := NewAuditAttributesFromHTTP(statusCode, action, actionCategory, claims)
+	auditAttributes := NewAuditAttributesFromHTTP(statusCode, action, actionCategory)
 	principalAttributes := NewPrincipalAttributesFromClaims(claims)
-	errorAttributes := NewErrorAttributes(errorType, errorCode)
+	errorAttributes := NewErrorAttributes(errorType)
 	transportAttributes := NewTransportAttributesFromHTTP(req, route, statusCode)
 
 	return AuditEvent{
 		Timestamp:           time.Now(),
 		TraceID:             traceID,
 		SpanID:              spanID,
-		Body:                newBody(auditAttributes, principalAttributes, resourceAttributes, errorAttributes),
-		EventName:           NewEventName(resourceAttributes.Resource.Kind(), auditAttributes.Action),
+		Body:                newBody(auditAttributes, principalAttributes, resourceAttributes, targetAttributes, errorAttributes),
+		EventName:           NewEventName(auditAttributes.Action),
 		AuditAttributes:     auditAttributes,
 		PrincipalAttributes: principalAttributes,
 		ResourceAttributes:  resourceAttributes,
+		TargetAttributes:    targetAttributes,
 		ErrorAttributes:     errorAttributes,
 		TransportAttributes: transportAttributes,
 	}
@@ -102,7 +106,7 @@ func NewPLogsFromAuditEvents(events []AuditEvent, name string, version string, s
 		resourceAttrs.PutStr(string(semconv.ServiceNameKey), name)
 		resourceAttrs.PutStr(string(semconv.ServiceVersionKey), version)
 		head := events[groups[key][0]]
-		head.ResourceAttributes.PutResource(head.PrincipalAttributes.PrincipalOrgID, resourceAttrs)
+		head.ResourceAttributes.Put(head.PrincipalAttributes.PrincipalOrgID, resourceAttrs)
 
 		scopeLogs := resourceLogs.ScopeLogs().AppendEmpty()
 		scopeLogs.Scope().SetName(scope)
@@ -148,6 +152,9 @@ func (event AuditEvent) ToLogRecord(dest plog.LogRecord) {
 	// Resource attributes are set at the ResourceLogs level, not per-LogRecord.
 	// See NewPLogsFromAuditEvents.
 
+	// Target attributes
+	event.TargetAttributes.Put(event.PrincipalAttributes.PrincipalOrgID, attrs)
+
 	// Error attributes
 	event.ErrorAttributes.Put(attrs)
 

pkg/types/audittypes/event_name.go

@@ -1,6 +1,17 @@
 package audittypes
 
-import "github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/coretypes"
+import (
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz-semantic-conventions/gen/go/sigsemconv"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/coretypes"
+)
+
+var eventNames = map[coretypes.Verb]EventName{
+	coretypes.VerbCreate: {s: sigsemconv.SigNozAuditCreateEventName},
+	coretypes.VerbUpdate: {s: sigsemconv.SigNozAuditUpdateEventName},
+	coretypes.VerbDelete: {s: sigsemconv.SigNozAuditDeleteEventName},
+	coretypes.VerbAttach: {s: sigsemconv.SigNozAuditAttachEventName},
+	coretypes.VerbDetach: {s: sigsemconv.SigNozAuditDetachEventName},
+}
 
 // EventName is a typed wrapper for audit event names, ensuring not every
 // string qualifies as an event name.
@@ -8,15 +19,16 @@ type EventName struct {
 	s string
 }
 
-// NewEventName derives the audit event name from a resource kind and action.
-// Format: {resource_kind}.{pastTense(action)}
-//
-// Examples:
-//
-//	NewEventName("dashboard", coretypes.VerbCreate)  → "dashboard.created"
-//	NewEventName("dashboard", coretypes.VerbUpdate)  → "dashboard.updated"
-func NewEventName(resourceKind coretypes.Kind, action coretypes.Verb) EventName {
-	return EventName{s: resourceKind.String() + "." + action.PastTense()}
+// NewEventName returns the audit event name of an action, signoz.audit.{action}.
+// It is zero for an action that is not audited; see IsAudited.
+func NewEventName(action coretypes.Verb) EventName {
+	return eventNames[action]
+}
+
+// IsAudited reports whether an action records an audit event.
+func IsAudited(action coretypes.Verb) bool {
+	_, ok := eventNames[action]
+	return ok
 }
 
 // String returns the string representation of the event name.

pkg/types/audittypes/event_test.go

@@ -7,7 +7,10 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/authtypes"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/coretypes"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/valuer"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/plog"
 	oteltrace "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace"
 )
 
@@ -31,7 +34,6 @@ func TestNewAuditEvent(t *testing.T) {
 		resource        coretypes.Resource
 		resourceID      string
 		errorType       string
-		errorCode       string
 		expectedOutcome Outcome
 		expectedBody    string
 	}{
@@ -61,9 +63,8 @@ func TestNewAuditEvent(t *testing.T) {
 			resource:        testDashboardResource,
 			resourceID:      "019b-5678-efgh-9012",
 			errorType:       "forbidden",
-			errorCode:       "authz_forbidden",
 			expectedOutcome: OutcomeFailure,
-			expectedBody:    "viewer@acme.com (019aaaaa-bbbb-7000-8000-cccc00000002) failed to update dashboard (019b-5678-efgh-9012): forbidden (authz_forbidden)",
+			expectedBody:    "viewer@acme.com (019aaaaa-bbbb-7000-8000-cccc00000002) failed to update dashboard (019b-5678-efgh-9012): forbidden",
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -81,8 +82,8 @@ func TestNewAuditEvent(t *testing.T) {
 				testCase.category,
 				testCase.claims,
 				NewResourceAttributes(testCase.resource, testCase.resourceID),
+				TargetAttributes{},
 				testCase.errorType,
-				testCase.errorCode,
 			)
 
 			assert.Equal(t, testCase.expectedOutcome, event.AuditAttributes.Outcome)
@@ -97,7 +98,6 @@ func TestNewAuditEvent(t *testing.T) {
 			assert.Equal(t, traceID, event.TraceID)
 			assert.Equal(t, spanID, event.SpanID)
 			assert.Equal(t, testCase.errorType, event.ErrorAttributes.ErrorType)
-			assert.Equal(t, testCase.errorCode, event.ErrorAttributes.ErrorCode)
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ func TestNewAuditEvent(t *testing.T) {
 func newTestEvent(resource coretypes.Resource, resourceID string, action coretypes.Verb) AuditEvent {
 	return AuditEvent{
 		Body:      resource.Kind().String() + "." + action.PastTense(),
-		EventName: NewEventName(resource.Kind(), action),
+		EventName: NewEventName(action),
 		AuditAttributes: AuditAttributes{
 			Action:         action,
 			ActionCategory: coretypes.ActionCategoryConfigurationChange,
@@ -210,11 +210,11 @@ func TestNewPLogsFromAuditEvents(t *testing.T) {
 				assert.True(t, exists)
 				assert.Equal(t, "0.90.0", serviceVersion.Str())
 
-				kind, exists := resourceAttrs.Get("signoz.audit.resource.kind")
+				kind, exists := resourceAttrs.Get("signoz.resource.kind")
 				assert.True(t, exists)
 				assert.Equal(t, testCase.expectedResourceKinds[i], kind.Str())
 
-				id, exists := resourceAttrs.Get("signoz.audit.resource.id")
+				id, exists := resourceAttrs.Get("signoz.resource.id")
 				assert.True(t, exists)
 				assert.Equal(t, testCase.expectedResourceIDs[i], id.Str())
 
@@ -225,8 +225,8 @@ func TestNewPLogsFromAuditEvents(t *testing.T) {
 
 				for j := 0; j < resourceLogs.ScopeLogs().At(0).LogRecords().Len(); j++ {
 					recordAttrs := resourceLogs.ScopeLogs().At(0).LogRecords().At(j).Attributes()
-					_, hasKind := recordAttrs.Get("signoz.audit.resource.kind")
-					_, hasID := recordAttrs.Get("signoz.audit.resource.id")
+					_, hasKind := recordAttrs.Get("signoz.resource.kind")
+					_, hasID := recordAttrs.Get("signoz.resource.id")
 					assert.False(t, hasKind, "resource.kind must not be in log record attributes")
 					assert.False(t, hasID, "resource.id must not be in log record attributes")
 				}
@@ -234,3 +234,276 @@ func TestNewPLogsFromAuditEvents(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestNewEventName(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name            string
+		action          coretypes.Verb
+		expected        string
+		expectedAudited bool
+	}{
+		{name: "Create", action: coretypes.VerbCreate, expected: "signoz.audit.create", expectedAudited: true},
+		{name: "Detach", action: coretypes.VerbDetach, expected: "signoz.audit.detach", expectedAudited: true},
+		{name: "Read_NotAudited", action: coretypes.VerbRead, expected: "", expectedAudited: false},
+		{name: "List_NotAudited", action: coretypes.VerbList, expected: "", expectedAudited: false},
+	}
+
+	for _, testCase := range testCases {
+		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.expected, NewEventName(testCase.action).String())
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.expectedAudited, IsAudited(testCase.action))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAuditEventToLogRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name               string
+		claims             authtypes.Claims
+		resourceAttributes ResourceAttributes
+		targetAttributes   TargetAttributes
+		statusCode         int
+		errorType          string
+		remoteAddr         string
+		proto              string
+		protoMajor         int
+		protoMinor         int
+		expectedAttributes map[string]any
+		absentAttributes   []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:               "Success_User_HTTP11",
+			claims:             authtypes.Claims{UserID: "019a1234-abcd-7000-8000-567800000001", Principal: authtypes.PrincipalUser, Email: "alice@acme.com", OrgID: "019a1234-abcd-7000-8000-567800000002"},
+			resourceAttributes: NewResourceAttributes(testDashboardResource, "d-001"),
+			statusCode:         http.StatusOK,
+			remoteAddr:         "10.0.0.1:52341",
+			proto:              "HTTP/1.1",
+			protoMajor:         1,
+			protoMinor:         1,
+			expectedAttributes: map[string]any{
+				"signoz.audit.verb":            "create",
+				"signoz.audit.action_category": "configuration_changes",
+				"signoz.audit.outcome":         "success",
+				"signoz.principal.id":          "019a1234-abcd-7000-8000-567800000001",
+				"signoz.principal.type":        "user",
+				"signoz.principal.email":       "alice@acme.com",
+				"signoz.organization.id":       "019a1234-abcd-7000-8000-567800000002",
+				"network.protocol.version":     "1.1",
+				"client.address":               "10.0.0.1",
+				"client.port":                  int64(52341),
+				"url.path":                     "/api/v1/resource",
+			},
+			absentAttributes: []string{"exception.type", "signoz.workspace.key.id", "signoz.resource.target.kind", "signoz.audit.identn_provider"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:               "ServiceAccount_HTTP2",
+			claims:             authtypes.Claims{UserID: "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000", ServiceAccountID: "019a1234-abcd-7000-8000-567800000003", Principal: authtypes.PrincipalServiceAccount, OrgID: "019a1234-abcd-7000-8000-567800000002"},
+			resourceAttributes: NewResourceAttributes(testDashboardResource, "d-002"),
+			statusCode:         http.StatusOK,
+			remoteAddr:         "10.0.0.3:443",
+			proto:              "HTTP/2.0",
+			protoMajor:         2,
+			protoMinor:         0,
+			expectedAttributes: map[string]any{
+				"signoz.principal.id":      "019a1234-abcd-7000-8000-567800000003",
+				"signoz.principal.type":    "service_account",
+				"network.protocol.version": "2",
+			},
+			absentAttributes: []string{"signoz.principal.email"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:               "Failure_Anonymous_IngestionKey_AddressWithoutPort",
+			claims:             authtypes.Claims{OrgID: "019a1234-abcd-7000-8000-567800000002"},
+			resourceAttributes: NewResourceAttributes(coretypes.ResourceMetaResourceIngestionKey, "key-001"),
+			statusCode:         http.StatusForbidden,
+			errorType:          "forbidden",
+			remoteAddr:         "10.0.0.2",
+			proto:              "HTTP/1.1",
+			protoMajor:         1,
+			protoMinor:         1,
+			expectedAttributes: map[string]any{
+				"signoz.audit.outcome": "failure",
+				"exception.type":       "forbidden",
+				"client.address":       "10.0.0.2",
+			},
+			absentAttributes: []string{"client.port", "signoz.principal.id", "signoz.principal.type", "signoz.principal.email", "signoz.workspace.key.id"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:               "Attach_IngestionLimitToKey",
+			claims:             authtypes.Claims{UserID: "019a1234-abcd-7000-8000-567800000001", Principal: authtypes.PrincipalUser, OrgID: "019a1234-abcd-7000-8000-567800000002"},
+			resourceAttributes: NewResourceAttributes(coretypes.ResourceMetaResourceIngestionLimit, "limit-001"),
+			targetAttributes:   NewTargetAttributes(coretypes.ResourceMetaResourceIngestionKey, "key-002"),
+			statusCode:         http.StatusOK,
+			remoteAddr:         "10.0.0.4:1234",
+			proto:              "HTTP/1.1",
+			protoMajor:         1,
+			protoMinor:         1,
+			expectedAttributes: map[string]any{
+				"signoz.resource.target.kind": "ingestion-key",
+				"signoz.resource.target.id":   "key-002",
+			},
+			absentAttributes: []string{"signoz.resource.kind", "signoz.resource.id", "signoz.workspace.key.id"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, testCase := range testCases {
+		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/v1/resource", nil)
+			req.RemoteAddr = testCase.remoteAddr
+			req.Proto, req.ProtoMajor, req.ProtoMinor = testCase.proto, testCase.protoMajor, testCase.protoMinor
+
+			event := NewAuditEventFromHTTPRequest(req, "/api/v1/resource", testCase.statusCode, oteltrace.TraceID{}, oteltrace.SpanID{}, coretypes.VerbCreate, coretypes.ActionCategoryConfigurationChange, testCase.claims, testCase.resourceAttributes, testCase.targetAttributes, testCase.errorType)
+
+			record := plog.NewLogRecord()
+			event.ToLogRecord(record)
+			attrs := record.Attributes().AsRaw()
+
+			for key, value := range testCase.expectedAttributes {
+				assert.Equal(t, value, attrs[key], key)
+			}
+
+			for _, key := range testCase.absentAttributes {
+				assert.NotContains(t, attrs, key)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNewPLogsFromAuditEvents_TargetPerRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	first := NewAuditEventFromHTTPRequest(httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil), "/", http.StatusOK, oteltrace.TraceID{}, oteltrace.SpanID{}, coretypes.VerbAttach, coretypes.ActionCategoryConfigurationChange, authtypes.Claims{}, NewResourceAttributes(testDashboardResource, "d-001"), NewTargetAttributes(coretypes.ResourceMetaResourceRule, "r-001"), "")
+	second := NewAuditEventFromHTTPRequest(httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil), "/", http.StatusOK, oteltrace.TraceID{}, oteltrace.SpanID{}, coretypes.VerbAttach, coretypes.ActionCategoryConfigurationChange, authtypes.Claims{}, NewResourceAttributes(testDashboardResource, "d-001"), NewTargetAttributes(coretypes.ResourceMetaResourceRule, "r-002"), "")
+
+	logs := NewPLogsFromAuditEvents([]AuditEvent{first, second}, "signoz", "0.90.0", "signoz.audit")
+	require.Equal(t, 1, logs.ResourceLogs().Len())
+
+	resourceLogs := logs.ResourceLogs().At(0)
+	assert.NotContains(t, resourceLogs.Resource().Attributes().AsRaw(), "signoz.resource.target.id")
+
+	records := resourceLogs.ScopeLogs().At(0).LogRecords()
+	require.Equal(t, 2, records.Len())
+
+	targetIDs := []any{}
+	for i := 0; i < records.Len(); i++ {
+		targetIDs = append(targetIDs, records.At(i).Attributes().AsRaw()["signoz.resource.target.id"])
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []any{"r-001", "r-002"}, targetIDs)
+}
+
+func TestNewPLogsFromAuditEvents_Attributes(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name                       string
+		method                     string
+		path                       string
+		route                      string
+		statusCode                 int
+		action                     coretypes.Verb
+		category                   coretypes.ActionCategory
+		claims                     authtypes.Claims
+		resourceAttributes         ResourceAttributes
+		targetAttributes           TargetAttributes
+		errorType                  string
+		expectedEventName          string
+		expectedResourceAttributes map[string]any
+		expectedRecordAttributes   map[string]any
+	}{
+		{
+			name:               "Success_DashboardCreated",
+			method:             http.MethodPost,
+			path:               "/api/v1/dashboards",
+			route:              "/api/v1/dashboards",
+			statusCode:         http.StatusCreated,
+			action:             coretypes.VerbCreate,
+			category:           coretypes.ActionCategoryConfigurationChange,
+			claims:             authtypes.Claims{UserID: "019a1234-abcd-7000-8000-567800000001", Email: "alice@acme.com", OrgID: "019a0000-0000-7000-8000-000000000001", Principal: authtypes.PrincipalUser},
+			resourceAttributes: NewResourceAttributes(testDashboardResource, "019b5678-0000-7000-8000-000000009012"),
+			expectedEventName:  "signoz.audit.create",
+			expectedResourceAttributes: map[string]any{
+				"service.name":           "signoz",
+				"service.version":        "0.90.0",
+				"signoz.resource.kind":   "dashboard",
+				"signoz.resource.id":     "019b5678-0000-7000-8000-000000009012",
+				"signoz.resource.object": testDashboardResource.Object(valuer.MustNewUUID("019a0000-0000-7000-8000-000000000001"), "019b5678-0000-7000-8000-000000009012"),
+			},
+			expectedRecordAttributes: map[string]any{
+				"signoz.audit.verb":            "create",
+				"signoz.audit.action_category": "configuration_changes",
+				"signoz.audit.outcome":         "success",
+				"signoz.principal.id":          "019a1234-abcd-7000-8000-567800000001",
+				"signoz.principal.email":       "alice@acme.com",
+				"signoz.principal.type":        "user",
+				"signoz.organization.id":       "019a0000-0000-7000-8000-000000000001",
+				"network.protocol.name":        "http",
+				"network.protocol.version":     "1.1",
+				"url.scheme":                   "http",
+				"url.path":                     "/api/v1/dashboards",
+				"http.request.method":          "POST",
+				"http.route":                   "/api/v1/dashboards",
+				"http.response.status_code":    int64(201),
+				"client.address":               "192.0.2.1",
+				"client.port":                  int64(1234),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:               "Failure_ForbiddenRoleAttachedToUser",
+			method:             http.MethodPost,
+			path:               "/api/v1/users/019c1111-0000-7000-8000-000000000020/roles",
+			route:              "/api/v1/users/{id}/roles",
+			statusCode:         http.StatusForbidden,
+			action:             coretypes.VerbAttach,
+			category:           coretypes.ActionCategoryAccessControl,
+			claims:             authtypes.Claims{ServiceAccountID: "019aaaaa-bbbb-7000-8000-cccc00000002", OrgID: "019a0000-0000-7000-8000-000000000002", Principal: authtypes.PrincipalServiceAccount},
+			resourceAttributes: NewResourceAttributes(coretypes.ResourceUser, "019c1111-0000-7000-8000-000000000020"),
+			targetAttributes:   NewTargetAttributes(coretypes.ResourceRole, "019d2222-0000-7000-8000-000000000030"),
+			errorType:          "forbidden",
+			expectedEventName:  "signoz.audit.attach",
+			expectedResourceAttributes: map[string]any{
+				"service.name":           "signoz",
+				"service.version":        "0.90.0",
+				"signoz.resource.kind":   "user",
+				"signoz.resource.id":     "019c1111-0000-7000-8000-000000000020",
+				"signoz.resource.object": coretypes.ResourceUser.Object(valuer.MustNewUUID("019a0000-0000-7000-8000-000000000002"), "019c1111-0000-7000-8000-000000000020"),
+			},
+			expectedRecordAttributes: map[string]any{
+				"signoz.audit.verb":             "attach",
+				"signoz.audit.action_category":  "access_control",
+				"signoz.audit.outcome":          "failure",
+				"signoz.principal.id":           "019aaaaa-bbbb-7000-8000-cccc00000002",
+				"signoz.principal.type":         "service_account",
+				"signoz.organization.id":        "019a0000-0000-7000-8000-000000000002",
+				"signoz.resource.target.kind":   "role",
+				"signoz.resource.target.id":     "019d2222-0000-7000-8000-000000000030",
+				"signoz.resource.target.object": coretypes.ResourceRole.Object(valuer.MustNewUUID("019a0000-0000-7000-8000-000000000002"), "019d2222-0000-7000-8000-000000000030"),
+				"exception.type":                "forbidden",
+				"network.protocol.name":         "http",
+				"network.protocol.version":      "1.1",
+				"url.scheme":                    "http",
+				"url.path":                      "/api/v1/users/019c1111-0000-7000-8000-000000000020/roles",
+				"http.request.method":           "POST",
+				"http.route":                    "/api/v1/users/{id}/roles",
+				"http.response.status_code":     int64(403),
+				"client.address":                "192.0.2.1",
+				"client.port":                   int64(1234),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, testCase := range testCases {
+		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			event := NewAuditEventFromHTTPRequest(httptest.NewRequest(testCase.method, testCase.path, nil), testCase.route, testCase.statusCode, oteltrace.TraceID{}, oteltrace.SpanID{}, testCase.action, testCase.category, testCase.claims, testCase.resourceAttributes, testCase.targetAttributes, testCase.errorType)
+
+			logs := NewPLogsFromAuditEvents([]AuditEvent{event}, "signoz", "0.90.0", "signoz.audit")
+			require.Equal(t, 1, logs.ResourceLogs().Len())
+
+			resourceLogs := logs.ResourceLogs().At(0)
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.expectedResourceAttributes, resourceLogs.Resource().Attributes().AsRaw())
+
+			require.Equal(t, 1, resourceLogs.ScopeLogs().Len())
+			require.Equal(t, 1, resourceLogs.ScopeLogs().At(0).LogRecords().Len())
+
+			record := resourceLogs.ScopeLogs().At(0).LogRecords().At(0)
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.expectedEventName, record.EventName())
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.expectedRecordAttributes, record.Attributes().AsRaw())
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/types/audittypes/outcome.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package audittypes
 
 import (
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz-semantic-conventions/gen/go/sigsemconv"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/valuer"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/plog"
 )
@@ -13,8 +14,8 @@ type Outcome struct {
 }
 
 var (
-	OutcomeSuccess = Outcome{valuer.NewString("success"), plog.SeverityNumberInfo, "INFO"}
-	OutcomeFailure = Outcome{valuer.NewString("failure"), plog.SeverityNumberError, "ERROR"}
+	OutcomeSuccess = Outcome{valuer.NewString(sigsemconv.SigNozAuditOutcomeSuccess.Value.AsString()), plog.SeverityNumberInfo, "INFO"}
+	OutcomeFailure = Outcome{valuer.NewString(sigsemconv.SigNozAuditOutcomeFailure.Value.AsString()), plog.SeverityNumberError, "ERROR"}
 )
 
 func (Outcome) Enum() []any {

pkg/types/coretypes/action_category.go

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 package coretypes
 
-import "github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/valuer"
+import (
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz-semantic-conventions/gen/go/sigsemconv"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/valuer"
+)
 
 var (
-	ActionCategoryAccessControl       = ActionCategory{valuer.NewString("access_control")}
-	ActionCategoryConfigurationChange = ActionCategory{valuer.NewString("configuration_change")}
+	ActionCategoryAccessControl       = ActionCategory{valuer.NewString(sigsemconv.SigNozAuditActionCategoryAccessControl.Value.AsString())}
+	ActionCategoryConfigurationChange = ActionCategory{valuer.NewString(sigsemconv.SigNozAuditActionCategoryConfigurationChanges.Value.AsString())}
 	ActionCategoryDataAccess          = ActionCategory{valuer.NewString("data_access")}
 	ActionCategorySystemEvent         = ActionCategory{valuer.NewString("system_event")}
 )

pkg/types/querybuildertypes/querybuildertypesv5/formula.go

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ type QueryBuilderFormula struct {
 
 	Offset int `json:"offset,omitempty" description:"The number of ordered series or rows to skip before the page starts. Requires limit."`
 
-	Having *Having `json:"having,omitempty" description:"Accepted but currently ignored; the computed values are returned unfiltered."`
+	Having *Having `json:"having,omitempty" description:"A filter on the formula values, referencing the formula by its name or as __result, for example F1 > 0. A time series keeps only the points that match and drops a series with none left; a scalar result keeps only the rows that match."`
 
 	Functions []Function `json:"functions,omitzero" description:"Post-processing functions applied in order to each result series."`
 
@@ -118,6 +118,10 @@ func (f QueryBuilderFormula) Validate() error {
 		)
 	}
 
+	if f.Limit < 0 {
+		return errors.NewInvalidInputf(errors.CodeInvalidInput, "limit must be non-negative, got %d", f.Limit)
+	}
+
 	// Validate functions if present
 	for i, fn := range f.Functions {
 		if err := fn.Validate(); err != nil {

pkg/types/querybuildertypes/querybuildertypesv5/heatmap.go

@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@ package querybuildertypesv5
 import (
 	"math"
 	"slices"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/metrictypes"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/telemetrytypes"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -16,6 +18,9 @@ const (
 	HeatmapBucketMinColumn = "__bucket_min"
 	HeatmapBucketMaxColumn = "__bucket_max"
 
+	// A logs or traces heatmap counts events, so its field renders as count().
+	heatmapCountExpression = "count()"
+
 	DefaultNumBuckets = 60
 
 	// MaxLogScale is the resolution ClickHouse buckets every log heatmap at:
@@ -81,6 +86,68 @@ func (b *BucketOptions) ToHeatmapBucketing() HeatmapBucketing {
 	return resolved
 }
 
+// HeatmapAggregationField returns the field a logs or traces heatmap buckets,
+// written as the bare field. ok is false for any other aggregation.
+func HeatmapAggregationField(expression string) (telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey, bool) {
+	keyText := strings.TrimSpace(expression)
+	if keyText == "" || strings.ContainsAny(keyText, "() \t\n") {
+		return telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey{}, false
+	}
+	return telemetrytypes.GetFieldKeyFromKeyText(keyText), true
+}
+
+// HeatmapCountQuery splits a logs or traces heatmap query into the field its
+// aggregation buckets and a copy of query that counts events in its place,
+// which is what every cell holds.
+func HeatmapCountQuery[T LogAggregation | TraceAggregation](query QueryBuilderQuery[T]) (*telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey, QueryBuilderQuery[T], error) {
+	if len(query.Aggregations) != 1 {
+		return nil, query, errors.NewInvalidInputf(errors.CodeInvalidInput,
+			"a heatmap renders one bucket axis, but the query has %d aggregations", len(query.Aggregations))
+	}
+
+	query.Aggregations = slices.Clone(query.Aggregations)
+	var expression *string
+	switch aggregation := any(&query.Aggregations[0]).(type) {
+	case *LogAggregation:
+		expression = &aggregation.Expression
+	case *TraceAggregation:
+		expression = &aggregation.Expression
+	}
+
+	field, ok := HeatmapAggregationField(*expression)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, query, errors.NewInvalidInputf(errors.CodeInvalidInput,
+			"a logs or traces heatmap counts events by the field named as its aggregation, got %q", *expression)
+	}
+
+	// An order on the aggregation names it by its expression, which decoding
+	// splits into a context, a name and a data type, and which metadata may
+	// complete, as it does any field.
+	query.Order = slices.Clone(query.Order)
+	for i := range query.Order {
+		key := query.Order[i].Key.TelemetryFieldKey
+		sameField := key.Name == field.Name &&
+			(field.FieldContext == telemetrytypes.FieldContextUnspecified || key.FieldContext == field.FieldContext) &&
+			(field.FieldDataType == telemetrytypes.FieldDataTypeUnspecified || key.FieldDataType == field.FieldDataType)
+		if key.Name == *expression || sameField {
+			query.Order[i].Key = OrderByKey{TelemetryFieldKey: telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey{Name: heatmapCountExpression}}
+		}
+	}
+	*expression = heatmapCountExpression
+
+	return &field, query, nil
+}
+
+// RequireHeatmapField keeps only the rows of query that carry field.
+func RequireHeatmapField[T LogAggregation | TraceAggregation](query QueryBuilderQuery[T], field telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey) QueryBuilderQuery[T] {
+	exists := telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKeyToText(&field) + " EXISTS"
+	if query.Filter != nil && strings.TrimSpace(query.Filter.Expression) != "" {
+		exists = "(" + query.Filter.Expression + ") AND " + exists
+	}
+	query.Filter = &Filter{Expression: exists}
+	return query
+}
+
 // This cannot be called in validateBucketCounting cuz metric type is resolved in querier.go.
 func (a *MetricAggregation) VerifyAndApplyBucketOptions(bucketOptions *BucketOptions) error {
 	switch a.Type {

pkg/types/querybuildertypes/querybuildertypesv5/request_type.go

@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ func (r *RequestType) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 		*r = v
 		return nil
 	default:
-		return errors.NewInvalidInputf(errors.CodeInvalidInput, "unknown request type %q; allowed values: %s", s, "`scalar`, `time_series`, `raw`, `raw_stream`, `trace`, `distribution`, `heatmap`")
+		return errors.NewInvalidInputf(errors.CodeInvalidInput, "unknown request type %q", s).
+			WithSuggestions(errors.NewValidReferences(errors.NounRequestTypes, RequestType{}.Enum()...))
 	}
 }
 

pkg/types/querybuildertypes/querybuildertypesv5/validation.go

@@ -499,6 +499,18 @@ func (q *QueryBuilderQuery[T]) validateOrderBy(cfg validationConfig) error {
 		return q.validateOrderByForAggregation()
 	}
 
+	// a raw order key resolves like a select field, so only an empty one is
+	// invalid before resolution
+	for i, order := range q.Order {
+		if order.Key.Name == "" {
+			orderID := fmt.Sprintf("order by clause #%d", i+1)
+			if q.Name != "" {
+				orderID = fmt.Sprintf("order by clause #%d in query '%s'", i+1, q.Name)
+			}
+			return errors.NewInvalidInputf(errors.CodeInvalidInput, "invalid empty key name for %s", orderID)
+		}
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -586,19 +598,10 @@ func (r *QueryRangeRequest) Validate(opts ...ValidationOption) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// Validate request type
-	switch r.RequestType {
-	case RequestTypeRaw, RequestTypeRawStream, RequestTypeTrace, RequestTypeTimeSeries, RequestTypeScalar, RequestTypeHeatmap, RequestTypeDistribution:
-		opts = append(opts, GetValidationOptions(r.RequestType)...)
-	default:
-		return errors.NewInvalidInputf(
-			errors.CodeInvalidInput,
-			"invalid request type: %s",
-			r.RequestType,
-		).WithAdditional(
-			"Valid request types are: raw, timeseries, scalar, heatmap, distribution",
-		)
+	if err := r.validateRequestType(); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
+	opts = append(opts, GetValidationOptions(r.RequestType)...)
 
 	if err := r.validateBucketCounting(); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -639,14 +642,10 @@ func (r *QueryRangeRequest) ValidateRequestScope() ([]ValidationOption, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	var opts []ValidationOption
-	switch r.RequestType {
-	case RequestTypeRaw, RequestTypeRawStream, RequestTypeTrace, RequestTypeTimeSeries, RequestTypeScalar, RequestTypeHeatmap, RequestTypeDistribution:
-		opts = GetValidationOptions(r.RequestType)
-	default:
-		return nil, errors.NewInvalidInputf(errors.CodeInvalidInput, "invalid request type: %s", r.RequestType).
-			WithAdditional("Valid request types are: raw, timeseries, scalar, heatmap, distribution")
+	if err := r.validateRequestType(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
+	opts := GetValidationOptions(r.RequestType)
 
 	if err := r.validateBucketCounting(); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -703,6 +702,20 @@ func (e QueryEnvelope) Validate(opts ...ValidationOption) error {
 	return validateQueryEnvelope(e, opts...)
 }
 
+// Enum is the one list of request types a query can use, so the spec and the
+// suggestions agree with what is accepted.
+func (r *QueryRangeRequest) validateRequestType() error {
+	if slices.Contains(RequestType{}.Enum(), any(r.RequestType)) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if r.RequestType == RequestTypeUnknown {
+		return errors.NewInvalidInputf(errors.CodeInvalidInput, "requestType is required").
+			WithSuggestions(errors.NewValidReferences(errors.NounRequestTypes, RequestType{}.Enum()...))
+	}
+	return errors.NewInvalidInputf(errors.CodeInvalidInput, "request type %q is not supported", r.RequestType.StringValue()).
+		WithSuggestions(errors.NewValidReferences(errors.NounRequestTypes, RequestType{}.Enum()...))
+}
+
 func (r *QueryRangeRequest) validateTimeRange() error {
 	if r.RequestType == RequestTypeRawStream {
 		return nil
@@ -921,15 +934,26 @@ func (r *QueryRangeRequest) validateBucketCounting() error {
 				continue
 			}
 			enabled++
-		// An AI query decodes to the traces spec, so it lands here too. Admitting
-		// either signal means capping Aggregations at one: each carries its own
-		// Meta.Buckets, and a heatmap renders against a single bucket axis.
-		case QueryBuilderQuery[LogAggregation], QueryBuilderQuery[TraceAggregation]:
-			return errors.New(errors.TypeUnsupported, errors.CodeUnsupported,
-				"heatmaps are not supported for the logs and traces signals yet")
+		// An AI query decodes to the traces spec, so it lands here too.
+		case QueryBuilderQuery[LogAggregation]:
+			if err := validateEventHeatmapQuery(r.RequestType, spec.Functions, spec.Having, aggregationExpressions(spec.Aggregations), spec.Disabled); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if spec.Disabled {
+				continue
+			}
+			enabled++
+		case QueryBuilderQuery[TraceAggregation]:
+			if err := validateEventHeatmapQuery(r.RequestType, spec.Functions, spec.Having, aggregationExpressions(spec.Aggregations), spec.Disabled); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if spec.Disabled {
+				continue
+			}
+			enabled++
 		default:
 			return errors.NewInvalidInputf(errors.CodeInvalidInput,
-				"%s requests support one metrics builder query, one formula over them, one clickhouse query, or one promql query, got %q", r.RequestType.StringValue(), envelope.Type.StringValue())
+				"%s requests support one builder query, one formula over them, one clickhouse query, or one promql query, got %q", r.RequestType.StringValue(), envelope.Type.StringValue())
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1033,6 +1057,48 @@ func validateBucketCountingQuery(requestType RequestType, functions []Function,
 	return nil
 }
 
+// validateEventHeatmapQuery holds a logs or traces query to what a per-event
+// heatmap can draw. A disabled query feeds a formula rather than the chart, so
+// it aggregates as a time series.
+func validateEventHeatmapQuery(requestType RequestType, functions []Function, having *Having, expressions []string, disabled bool) error {
+	if err := validateBucketCountingQuery(requestType, functions, having); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if disabled {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Every aggregation carries its own Meta.Buckets, and a heatmap renders
+	// against a single bucket axis.
+	if len(expressions) != 1 {
+		return errors.NewInvalidInputf(errors.CodeInvalidInput,
+			"a heatmap renders one bucket axis, but the query has %d aggregations", len(expressions)).
+			WithAdditional("Keep the one aggregation whose distribution you want to plot")
+	}
+
+	if _, ok := HeatmapAggregationField(expressions[0]); !ok {
+		return errors.NewInvalidInputf(errors.CodeInvalidInput,
+			"a logs or traces heatmap counts events by the field named as its aggregation, got %q", expressions[0]).
+			WithAdditional("Use an aggregation such as duration_nano")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func aggregationExpressions[T LogAggregation | TraceAggregation](aggregations []T) []string {
+	expressions := make([]string, len(aggregations))
+	for i, aggregation := range aggregations {
+		switch a := any(aggregation).(type) {
+		case LogAggregation:
+			expressions[i] = a.Expression
+		case TraceAggregation:
+			expressions[i] = a.Expression
+		}
+	}
+	return expressions
+}
+
 func GetValidationOptions(requestType RequestType) []ValidationOption {
 	switch requestType {
 	case RequestTypeTimeSeries, RequestTypeHeatmap, RequestTypeDistribution:

pkg/types/querybuildertypes/querybuildertypesv5/validation_test.go

@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
 package querybuildertypesv5
 
 import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/metrictypes"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/telemetrytypes"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/valuer"
@@ -521,6 +527,28 @@ func TestQueryRangeRequest_ValidateCompositeQuery(t *testing.T) {
 			wantErr: true,
 			errMsg:  "expression cannot be blank",
 		},
+		{
+			name: "Formula_NegativeLimit_Rejected",
+			request: QueryRangeRequest{
+				Start:       1640995200000,
+				End:         1640998800000,
+				RequestType: RequestTypeTimeSeries,
+				CompositeQuery: CompositeQuery{
+					Queries: []QueryEnvelope{
+						{
+							Type: QueryTypeFormula,
+							Spec: QueryBuilderFormula{
+								Name:       "F1",
+								Expression: "A * 2",
+								Limit:      -5,
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "invalid formula 'F1': limit must be non-negative, got -5",
+		},
 		{
 			name: "promql with empty query should return error",
 			request: QueryRangeRequest{
@@ -696,6 +724,31 @@ func TestQueryRangeRequest_ValidateCompositeQuery(t *testing.T) {
 			wantErr: true,
 			errMsg:  "raw request type is not supported for metric queries",
 		},
+		{
+			name: "Raw_EmptyOrderKey_Rejected",
+			request: QueryRangeRequest{
+				Start:       1640995200000,
+				End:         1640998800000,
+				RequestType: RequestTypeRaw,
+				CompositeQuery: CompositeQuery{
+					Queries: []QueryEnvelope{
+						{
+							Type: QueryTypeBuilder,
+							Spec: QueryBuilderQuery[LogAggregation]{
+								Name:   "B",
+								Signal: telemetrytypes.SignalLogs,
+								Order: []OrderBy{
+									{Key: OrderByKey{TelemetryFieldKey: telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey{Name: "timestamp"}}, Direction: OrderDirectionDesc},
+									{Key: OrderByKey{TelemetryFieldKey: telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey{Name: ""}}, Direction: OrderDirectionAsc},
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "invalid query 'B': invalid empty key name for order by clause #2 in query 'B'",
+		},
 		{
 			name: "timeseries request with group by timestamp should return error",
 			request: QueryRangeRequest{
@@ -1407,6 +1460,44 @@ func TestRequestType_IsAggregation(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestQueryRangeRequest_ValidateRequestType(t *testing.T) {
+	validRequestTypes := []string{"valid request types are `scalar`, `time_series`, `raw`, `raw_stream`, `trace`, `heatmap`, `distribution`"}
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name        string
+		requestType string
+		message     string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "Missing_Required",
+			requestType: "",
+			message:     "requestType is required",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "Timeseries_Unknown",
+			requestType: `"requestType": "timeseries",`,
+			message:     `unknown request type "timeseries"`,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, testCase := range testCases {
+		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			body := fmt.Sprintf(`{"schemaVersion": "v1", "start": 1640995200000, "end": 1640998800000, %s "compositeQuery": {"queries": [{"type": "builder_query", "spec": {"name": "A", "signal": "logs"}}]}}`, testCase.requestType)
+
+			var request QueryRangeRequest
+			err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(body), &request)
+			if err == nil {
+				err = request.Validate()
+			}
+			require.Error(t, err)
+
+			got := errors.AsJSON(err)
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.message, got.Message)
+			assert.Equal(t, validRequestTypes, got.Suggestions)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestNonAggregationFieldsSkipped(t *testing.T) {
 	// Fields that only apply to aggregation queries (groupBy, having, aggregations)
 	// should be silently skipped for non-aggregation request types.

tests/fixtures/querier.py

@@ -363,6 +363,7 @@ def build_formula_query(
     order: list[dict] | None = None,
     limit: int | None = None,
     offset: int | None = None,
+    having_expression: str | None = None,
 ) -> dict:
     spec: dict[str, Any] = {
         "name": name,
@@ -379,6 +380,8 @@ def build_formula_query(
         spec["limit"] = limit
     if offset is not None:
         spec["offset"] = offset
+    if having_expression:
+        spec["having"] = {"expression": having_expression}
     return {"type": "builder_formula", "spec": spec}
 
 
@@ -727,6 +730,44 @@ def build_scalar_query(
     return {"type": "builder_query", "spec": spec}
 
 
+def build_heatmap_query(
+    name: str,
+    signal: str,
+    expression: str,
+    *,
+    source: str | None = None,
+    group_by: list[dict] | None = None,
+    order: list[dict] | None = None,
+    filter_expression: str | None = None,
+    bucket_options: dict | None = None,
+    step_interval: int = DEFAULT_STEP_INTERVAL,
+) -> dict:
+    """Omitting bucket_options leaves the server's default log axis."""
+    spec: dict[str, Any] = {
+        "name": name,
+        "signal": signal,
+        "stepInterval": step_interval,
+        "aggregations": [{"expression": expression}],
+    }
+
+    if source:
+        spec["source"] = source
+
+    if group_by:
+        spec["groupBy"] = group_by
+
+    if order:
+        spec["order"] = order
+
+    if filter_expression:
+        spec["filter"] = {"expression": filter_expression}
+
+    if bucket_options is not None:
+        spec["bucketOptions"] = bucket_options
+
+    return {"type": "builder_query", "spec": spec}
+
+
 def build_traces_scalar_query(
     aggregations: list[dict],
     *,

tests/integration/tests/auditquerier/01_audit_logs.py

@@ -30,55 +30,55 @@ def test_audit_list_all(
                 timestamp=now - timedelta(seconds=3),
                 resources={
                     "service.name": "signoz",
-                    "signoz.audit.resource.kind": "alert-rule",
-                    "signoz.audit.resource.id": "alert-001",
+                    "signoz.resource.kind": "alert-rule",
+                    "signoz.resource.id": "alert-001",
                 },
                 attributes={
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.id": "user-010",
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.email": "ops@acme.com",
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.type": "user",
-                    "signoz.audit.action": "create",
+                    "signoz.principal.id": "user-010",
+                    "signoz.principal.email": "ops@acme.com",
+                    "signoz.principal.type": "user",
+                    "signoz.audit.verb": "create",
                     "signoz.audit.outcome": "success",
                 },
                 body="ops@acme.com (user-010) created alert-rule (alert-001)",
-                event_name="alert-rule.created",
+                event_name="signoz.audit.create",
                 severity_text="INFO",
             ),
             AuditLog(
                 timestamp=now - timedelta(seconds=2),
                 resources={
                     "service.name": "signoz",
-                    "signoz.audit.resource.kind": "saved-view",
-                    "signoz.audit.resource.id": "view-001",
+                    "signoz.resource.kind": "saved-view",
+                    "signoz.resource.id": "view-001",
                 },
                 attributes={
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.id": "user-010",
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.email": "ops@acme.com",
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.type": "user",
-                    "signoz.audit.action": "update",
+                    "signoz.principal.id": "user-010",
+                    "signoz.principal.email": "ops@acme.com",
+                    "signoz.principal.type": "user",
+                    "signoz.audit.verb": "update",
                     "signoz.audit.outcome": "success",
                 },
                 body="ops@acme.com (user-010) updated saved-view (view-001)",
-                event_name="saved-view.updated",
+                event_name="signoz.audit.update",
                 severity_text="INFO",
             ),
             AuditLog(
                 timestamp=now - timedelta(seconds=1),
                 resources={
                     "service.name": "signoz",
-                    "signoz.audit.resource.kind": "user",
-                    "signoz.audit.resource.id": "user-020",
+                    "signoz.resource.kind": "user",
+                    "signoz.resource.id": "user-020",
                 },
                 attributes={
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.id": "user-010",
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.email": "ops@acme.com",
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.type": "user",
-                    "signoz.audit.action": "update",
+                    "signoz.principal.id": "user-010",
+                    "signoz.principal.email": "ops@acme.com",
+                    "signoz.principal.type": "user",
+                    "signoz.audit.verb": "update",
                     "signoz.audit.action_category": "access_control",
                     "signoz.audit.outcome": "success",
                 },
                 body="ops@acme.com (user-010) updated user (user-020)",
-                event_name="user.role.changed",
+                event_name="signoz.audit.update",
                 severity_text="INFO",
             ),
         ]
@@ -109,9 +109,12 @@ def test_audit_list_all(
     assert len(rows) == 3
 
     # Most recent first
-    assert rows[0]["data"]["event_name"] == "user.role.changed"
-    assert rows[1]["data"]["event_name"] == "saved-view.updated"
-    assert rows[2]["data"]["event_name"] == "alert-rule.created"
+    assert [row["data"]["event_name"] for row in rows] == ["signoz.audit.update", "signoz.audit.update", "signoz.audit.create"]
+    assert [row["data"]["body"] for row in rows] == [
+        "ops@acme.com (user-010) updated user (user-020)",
+        "ops@acme.com (user-010) updated saved-view (view-001)",
+        "ops@acme.com (user-010) created alert-rule (alert-001)",
+    ]
 
     # Verify event_name and body are present
     assert rows[0]["data"]["body"] == "ops@acme.com (user-010) updated user (user-020)"
@@ -122,33 +125,33 @@ def test_audit_list_all(
     "filter_expression,expected_count,expected_event_names",
     [
         pytest.param(
-            "signoz.audit.principal.id = 'user-001'",
+            "signoz.principal.id = 'user-001'",
             3,
-            {"session.login", "dashboard.updated", "dashboard.created"},
+            {"signoz.audit.update", "signoz.audit.create"},
             id="filter_by_principal_id",
         ),
         pytest.param(
             "signoz.audit.outcome = 'failure'",
             1,
-            {"dashboard.deleted"},
+            {"signoz.audit.delete"},
             id="filter_by_outcome_failure",
         ),
         pytest.param(
-            "signoz.audit.resource.kind = 'dashboard' AND signoz.audit.resource.id = 'dash-001'",
+            "signoz.resource.kind = 'dashboard' AND signoz.resource.id = 'dash-001'",
             3,
-            {"dashboard.deleted", "dashboard.updated", "dashboard.created"},
+            {"signoz.audit.delete", "signoz.audit.update", "signoz.audit.create"},
             id="filter_by_resource_kind_and_id",
         ),
         pytest.param(
-            "signoz.audit.principal.type = 'service_account'",
+            "signoz.principal.type = 'service_account'",
             1,
-            {"serviceaccount.apikey.created"},
+            {"signoz.audit.create"},
             id="filter_by_principal_type",
         ),
         pytest.param(
-            "signoz.audit.resource.kind = 'dashboard' AND signoz.audit.action = 'delete'",
+            "signoz.resource.kind = 'dashboard' AND signoz.audit.verb = 'delete'",
             1,
-            {"dashboard.deleted"},
+            {"signoz.audit.delete"},
             id="filter_by_resource_kind_and_action",
         ),
     ],
@@ -170,94 +173,92 @@ def test_audit_filter(
                 timestamp=now - timedelta(seconds=5),
                 resources={
                     "service.name": "signoz",
-                    "signoz.audit.resource.kind": "dashboard",
-                    "signoz.audit.resource.id": "dash-001",
+                    "signoz.resource.kind": "dashboard",
+                    "signoz.resource.id": "dash-001",
                 },
                 attributes={
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.id": "user-001",
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.email": "alice@acme.com",
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.type": "user",
-                    "signoz.audit.action": "create",
-                    "signoz.audit.action_category": "configuration_change",
+                    "signoz.principal.id": "user-001",
+                    "signoz.principal.email": "alice@acme.com",
+                    "signoz.principal.type": "user",
+                    "signoz.audit.verb": "create",
+                    "signoz.audit.action_category": "configuration_changes",
                     "signoz.audit.outcome": "success",
                 },
                 body="alice@acme.com created dashboard",
-                event_name="dashboard.created",
+                event_name="signoz.audit.create",
             ),
             AuditLog(
                 timestamp=now - timedelta(seconds=4),
                 resources={
                     "service.name": "signoz",
-                    "signoz.audit.resource.kind": "dashboard",
-                    "signoz.audit.resource.id": "dash-001",
+                    "signoz.resource.kind": "dashboard",
+                    "signoz.resource.id": "dash-001",
                 },
                 attributes={
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.id": "user-001",
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.email": "alice@acme.com",
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.type": "user",
-                    "signoz.audit.action": "update",
-                    "signoz.audit.action_category": "configuration_change",
+                    "signoz.principal.id": "user-001",
+                    "signoz.principal.email": "alice@acme.com",
+                    "signoz.principal.type": "user",
+                    "signoz.audit.verb": "update",
+                    "signoz.audit.action_category": "configuration_changes",
                     "signoz.audit.outcome": "success",
                 },
                 body="alice@acme.com updated dashboard",
-                event_name="dashboard.updated",
+                event_name="signoz.audit.update",
             ),
             AuditLog(
                 timestamp=now - timedelta(seconds=3),
                 resources={
                     "service.name": "signoz",
-                    "signoz.audit.resource.kind": "dashboard",
-                    "signoz.audit.resource.id": "dash-001",
+                    "signoz.resource.kind": "dashboard",
+                    "signoz.resource.id": "dash-001",
                 },
                 attributes={
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.id": "user-002",
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.email": "viewer@acme.com",
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.type": "user",
-                    "signoz.audit.action": "delete",
-                    "signoz.audit.action_category": "configuration_change",
+                    "signoz.principal.id": "user-002",
+                    "signoz.principal.email": "viewer@acme.com",
+                    "signoz.principal.type": "user",
+                    "signoz.audit.verb": "delete",
+                    "signoz.audit.action_category": "configuration_changes",
                     "signoz.audit.outcome": "failure",
-                    "signoz.audit.error.type": "forbidden",
-                    "signoz.audit.error.code": "authz_forbidden",
+                    "exception.type": "forbidden",
                 },
                 body="viewer@acme.com failed to delete dashboard",
-                event_name="dashboard.deleted",
+                event_name="signoz.audit.delete",
                 severity_text="ERROR",
             ),
             AuditLog(
                 timestamp=now - timedelta(seconds=2),
                 resources={
                     "service.name": "signoz",
-                    "signoz.audit.resource.kind": "serviceaccount",
-                    "signoz.audit.resource.id": "sa-001",
+                    "signoz.resource.kind": "serviceaccount",
+                    "signoz.resource.id": "sa-001",
                 },
                 attributes={
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.id": "sa-001",
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.email": "",
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.type": "service_account",
-                    "signoz.audit.action": "create",
+                    "signoz.principal.id": "sa-001",
+                    "signoz.principal.type": "service_account",
+                    "signoz.audit.verb": "create",
                     "signoz.audit.action_category": "access_control",
                     "signoz.audit.outcome": "success",
                 },
                 body="sa-001 created serviceaccount",
-                event_name="serviceaccount.apikey.created",
+                event_name="signoz.audit.create",
             ),
             AuditLog(
                 timestamp=now - timedelta(seconds=1),
                 resources={
                     "service.name": "signoz",
-                    "signoz.audit.resource.kind": "session",
-                    "signoz.audit.resource.id": "*",
+                    "signoz.resource.kind": "session",
+                    "signoz.resource.id": "*",
                 },
                 attributes={
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.id": "user-001",
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.email": "alice@acme.com",
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.type": "user",
-                    "signoz.audit.action": "login",
+                    "signoz.principal.id": "user-001",
+                    "signoz.principal.email": "alice@acme.com",
+                    "signoz.principal.type": "user",
+                    "signoz.audit.verb": "create",
                     "signoz.audit.action_category": "access_control",
                     "signoz.audit.outcome": "success",
                 },
-                body="alice@acme.com login session",
-                event_name="session.login",
+                body="alice@acme.com created session",
+                event_name="signoz.audit.create",
             ),
         ]
     )
@@ -304,51 +305,51 @@ def test_audit_scalar_count_failures(
                 timestamp=now - timedelta(seconds=3),
                 resources={
                     "service.name": "signoz",
-                    "signoz.audit.resource.kind": "dashboard",
-                    "signoz.audit.resource.id": "dash-100",
+                    "signoz.resource.kind": "dashboard",
+                    "signoz.resource.id": "dash-100",
                 },
                 attributes={
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.id": "user-050",
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.type": "user",
-                    "signoz.audit.action": "delete",
+                    "signoz.principal.id": "user-050",
+                    "signoz.principal.type": "user",
+                    "signoz.audit.verb": "delete",
                     "signoz.audit.outcome": "failure",
                 },
                 body="user-050 failed to delete dashboard",
-                event_name="dashboard.deleted",
+                event_name="signoz.audit.delete",
                 severity_text="ERROR",
             ),
             AuditLog(
                 timestamp=now - timedelta(seconds=2),
                 resources={
                     "service.name": "signoz",
-                    "signoz.audit.resource.kind": "alert-rule",
-                    "signoz.audit.resource.id": "alert-200",
+                    "signoz.resource.kind": "alert-rule",
+                    "signoz.resource.id": "alert-200",
                 },
                 attributes={
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.id": "user-060",
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.type": "user",
-                    "signoz.audit.action": "update",
+                    "signoz.principal.id": "user-060",
+                    "signoz.principal.type": "user",
+                    "signoz.audit.verb": "update",
                     "signoz.audit.outcome": "failure",
                 },
                 body="user-060 failed to update alert-rule",
-                event_name="alert-rule.updated",
+                event_name="signoz.audit.update",
                 severity_text="ERROR",
             ),
             AuditLog(
                 timestamp=now - timedelta(seconds=1),
                 resources={
                     "service.name": "signoz",
-                    "signoz.audit.resource.kind": "dashboard",
-                    "signoz.audit.resource.id": "dash-100",
+                    "signoz.resource.kind": "dashboard",
+                    "signoz.resource.id": "dash-100",
                 },
                 attributes={
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.id": "user-050",
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.type": "user",
-                    "signoz.audit.action": "update",
+                    "signoz.principal.id": "user-050",
+                    "signoz.principal.type": "user",
+                    "signoz.audit.verb": "update",
                     "signoz.audit.outcome": "success",
                 },
                 body="user-050 updated dashboard",
-                event_name="dashboard.updated",
+                event_name="signoz.audit.update",
             ),
         ]
     )
@@ -394,17 +395,17 @@ def test_audit_does_not_leak_into_logs(
                 timestamp=now - timedelta(seconds=1),
                 resources={
                     "service.name": "signoz",
-                    "signoz.audit.resource.kind": "organization",
-                    "signoz.audit.resource.id": "org-999",
+                    "signoz.resource.kind": "organization",
+                    "signoz.resource.id": "org-999",
                 },
                 attributes={
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.id": "user-admin",
-                    "signoz.audit.principal.type": "user",
-                    "signoz.audit.action": "update",
+                    "signoz.principal.id": "user-admin",
+                    "signoz.principal.type": "user",
+                    "signoz.audit.verb": "update",
                     "signoz.audit.outcome": "success",
                 },
                 body="user-admin updated organization (org-999)",
-                event_name="organization.updated",
+                event_name="signoz.audit.update",
             ),
         ]
     )
@@ -430,5 +431,5 @@ def test_audit_does_not_leak_into_logs(
 
     rows = response.json()["data"]["data"]["results"][0].get("rows") or []
 
-    audit_bodies = [row["data"]["body"] for row in rows if "signoz.audit" in row["data"].get("attributes_string", {}).get("signoz.audit.action", "")]
+    audit_bodies = [row["data"]["body"] for row in rows if "signoz.audit" in row["data"].get("attributes_string", {}).get("signoz.audit.verb", "")]
     assert len(audit_bodies) == 0

tests/integration/tests/auditquerier/02_heatmap.py

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
+from http import HTTPStatus
+
+import pytest
+
+from fixtures import types
+from fixtures.audit import AuditLog
+from fixtures.auth import USER_ADMIN_EMAIL, USER_ADMIN_PASSWORD
+from fixtures.querier import (
+    RequestType,
+    assert_distribution_sums_heatmap,
+    build_group_by_field,
+    build_heatmap_query,
+    build_linear_bucket_options,
+    get_all_series,
+    get_buckets,
+    index_series_by_label,
+    make_query_request,
+)
+
+
+def test_audit_heatmap(
+    signoz: types.SigNoz,
+    create_user_admin: None,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    get_token: Callable[[str, str], str],
+    insert_audit_logs: Callable[[list[AuditLog]], None],
+) -> None:
+    now = datetime.now(tz=UTC).replace(second=0, microsecond=0)
+    changed_by_action = {"update": [3, 8], "delete": [25]}
+    insert_audit_logs(
+        [
+            AuditLog(
+                timestamp=now - timedelta(seconds=index + 1),
+                resources={"service.name": "signoz", "signoz.resource.kind": "dashboard"},
+                attributes={"signoz.audit.verb": action, "signoz.audit.fields_changed": fields_changed},
+                event_name=f"signoz.audit.{action}",
+            )
+            for action, values in changed_by_action.items()
+            for index, fields_changed in enumerate(values)
+        ]
+        # an event without the field is not counted
+        + [
+            AuditLog(
+                timestamp=now - timedelta(seconds=5),
+                resources={"service.name": "signoz", "signoz.resource.kind": "dashboard"},
+                attributes={"signoz.audit.verb": "update"},
+                event_name="signoz.audit.update",
+            )
+        ]
+    )
+
+    token = get_token(USER_ADMIN_EMAIL, USER_ADMIN_PASSWORD)
+    start_ms = int((now - timedelta(minutes=5)).timestamp() * 1000)
+    end_ms = int((now + timedelta(seconds=5)).timestamp() * 1000)
+    queries = [
+        build_heatmap_query(
+            "A",
+            "logs",
+            "signoz.audit.fields_changed",
+            source="audit",
+            group_by=[build_group_by_field("signoz.audit.verb", "string", "attribute")],
+            filter_expression="signoz.resource.kind = 'dashboard'",
+            bucket_options=build_linear_bucket_options(20, 4),
+        )
+    ]
+    response = make_query_request(signoz, token, start_ms, end_ms, queries, request_type=RequestType.HEATMAP)
+    assert response.status_code == HTTPStatus.OK, response.text
+    assert_distribution_sums_heatmap(signoz, token, start_ms, end_ms, queries, response)
+
+    data = response.json()
+    # 20 split into 4 gives (0, 5], (5, 10], (10, 15], (15, 20]; the axis stops
+    # at the highest bucket reached, and 25 is past 20 so it counts in the
+    # trailing overflow
+    buckets = get_buckets(data, "A")
+    assert buckets == pytest.approx([0.0, 5.0, 10.0])
+
+    series_by_action = index_series_by_label(get_all_series(data, "A"), "signoz.audit.verb")
+    totals_by_action = {action: [sum(column["values"][slot] for column in series["values"]) for slot in range(len(buckets) + 1)] for action, series in series_by_action.items()}
+    assert totals_by_action == {
+        "update": [0, 1, 1, 0],
+        "delete": [0, 0, 0, 1],
+    }

tests/integration/tests/queriercommon/10_cache_time_shift.py

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
+from http import HTTPStatus
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+from fixtures import types
+from fixtures.auth import USER_ADMIN_EMAIL, USER_ADMIN_PASSWORD
+from fixtures.logs import Logs
+from fixtures.querier import (
+    build_aggregation,
+    build_function,
+    build_group_by_field,
+    build_scalar_query,
+    get_all_series,
+    index_series_by_label,
+    make_query_request,
+)
+
+MINUTE = timedelta(minutes=1)
+
+
+def test_time_shift_partial_hit_matches_no_cache(
+    signoz: types.SigNoz,
+    create_user_admin: None,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    get_token: Callable[[str, str], str],
+    insert_logs: Callable[[list[Logs]], None],
+) -> None:
+    """
+    The hour before the shifted one holds different counts, so a gap read
+    one shift too far back returns wrong points instead of nothing.
+    """
+    now = datetime.now(tz=UTC).replace(second=0, microsecond=0)
+    # the cache outlives the run, so a fixed filter would serve the previous
+    # run's points back to this one
+    run = uuid4().hex[:8]
+    insert_logs(
+        [
+            Logs(
+                timestamp=now - 120 * MINUTE + minute * MINUTE + timedelta(seconds=1 + i),
+                resources={"service.name": service},
+                attributes={"run": run},
+                body=f"{service} {minute} {i}",
+            )
+            for minute in range(60)
+            for service, count in (("svc-a", 4), ("svc-b", 2))
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
+        + [
+            Logs(
+                timestamp=now - 180 * MINUTE + minute * MINUTE + timedelta(seconds=1 + i),
+                resources={"service.name": service},
+                attributes={"run": run},
+                body=f"{service} earlier {minute} {i}",
+            )
+            for minute in range(60)
+            for service, count in (("svc-a", 9), ("svc-b", 7))
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
+    )
+    token = get_token(USER_ADMIN_EMAIL, USER_ADMIN_PASSWORD)
+    query = build_scalar_query(
+        name="A",
+        signal="logs",
+        aggregations=[build_aggregation("count()")],
+        group_by=[build_group_by_field("service.name", "string", "resource")],
+        filter_expression=f"run = '{run}'",
+        step_interval=60,
+        functions=[build_function("timeShift", 3600)],
+    )
+    start_ms = int((now - 60 * MINUTE).timestamp() * 1000)
+    first_end_ms = int((now - 30 * MINUTE).timestamp() * 1000)
+    second_end_ms = int((now - 10 * MINUTE).timestamp() * 1000)
+
+    warm = make_query_request(signoz, token, start_ms, first_end_ms, [query], no_cache=False)
+    assert warm.status_code == HTTPStatus.OK, warm.text
+    cached = make_query_request(signoz, token, start_ms, second_end_ms, [query], no_cache=False)
+    assert cached.status_code == HTTPStatus.OK, cached.text
+    fresh = make_query_request(signoz, token, start_ms, second_end_ms, [query], no_cache=True)
+    assert fresh.status_code == HTTPStatus.OK, fresh.text
+
+    fresh_points = {service: {point["timestamp"]: point["value"] for point in series["values"]} for service, series in index_series_by_label(get_all_series(fresh.json(), "A"), "service.name").items()}
+    assert set(fresh_points) == {"svc-a", "svc-b"}, fresh_points
+    assert {service: len(points) for service, points in fresh_points.items()} == {"svc-a": 50, "svc-b": 50}
+
+    cached_points = {service: {point["timestamp"]: point["value"] for point in series["values"]} for service, series in index_series_by_label(get_all_series(cached.json(), "A"), "service.name").items()}
+    assert cached_points == fresh_points

tests/integration/tests/queriercommon/12_cache_limited_group_by.py

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
+from http import HTTPStatus
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+from fixtures import types
+from fixtures.auth import USER_ADMIN_EMAIL, USER_ADMIN_PASSWORD
+from fixtures.logs import Logs
+from fixtures.querier import (
+    build_aggregation,
+    build_group_by_field,
+    build_order_by,
+    build_scalar_query,
+    get_all_series,
+    index_series_by_label,
+    make_query_request,
+)
+
+MINUTE = timedelta(minutes=1)
+
+
+def test_limited_group_by_partial_hit_matches_no_cache(
+    signoz: types.SigNoz,
+    create_user_admin: None,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    get_token: Callable[[str, str], str],
+    insert_logs: Callable[[list[Logs]], None],
+) -> None:
+    """
+    The two halves have different winners, so a limit applied per cached
+    piece returns the union of both instead of the window's top two.
+    """
+    now = datetime.now(tz=UTC).replace(second=0, microsecond=0)
+    # the cache outlives the run, so a fixed filter would serve the previous
+    # run's points back to this one
+    run = uuid4().hex[:8]
+    head_start = now - 60 * MINUTE
+    insert_logs(
+        [
+            Logs(
+                timestamp=head_start + minute * MINUTE + timedelta(seconds=1 + i),
+                resources={"service.name": service},
+                attributes={"run": run},
+                body=f"{service} {minute} {i}",
+            )
+            for minute in range(40)
+            for service, count in (("svc-a", 10 if minute < 20 else 1), ("svc-b", 8 if minute < 20 else 1), ("svc-c", 1 if minute < 20 else 10), ("svc-d", 1 if minute < 20 else 8))
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
+    )
+    token = get_token(USER_ADMIN_EMAIL, USER_ADMIN_PASSWORD)
+    query = build_scalar_query(
+        name="A",
+        signal="logs",
+        aggregations=[build_aggregation("count()")],
+        group_by=[build_group_by_field("service.name", "string", "resource")],
+        order=[build_order_by("count()", "desc")],
+        limit=2,
+        filter_expression=f"run = '{run}'",
+        step_interval=60,
+    )
+    head_start_ms = int(head_start.timestamp() * 1000)
+    head_end_ms = int((head_start + 20 * MINUTE).timestamp() * 1000)
+    tail_end_ms = int((head_start + 40 * MINUTE).timestamp() * 1000)
+
+    warm = make_query_request(signoz, token, head_start_ms, head_end_ms, [query], no_cache=False)
+    assert warm.status_code == HTTPStatus.OK, warm.text
+    cached = make_query_request(signoz, token, head_start_ms, tail_end_ms, [query], no_cache=False)
+    assert cached.status_code == HTTPStatus.OK, cached.text
+    fresh = make_query_request(signoz, token, head_start_ms, tail_end_ms, [query], no_cache=True)
+    assert fresh.status_code == HTTPStatus.OK, fresh.text
+
+    fresh_points = {service: {point["timestamp"]: point["value"] for point in series["values"]} for service, series in index_series_by_label(get_all_series(fresh.json(), "A"), "service.name").items()}
+    assert set(fresh_points) == {"svc-a", "svc-c"}, fresh_points
+    assert {service: len(points) for service, points in fresh_points.items()} == {"svc-a": 40, "svc-c": 40}
+
+    cached_points = {service: {point["timestamp"]: point["value"] for point in series["values"]} for service, series in index_series_by_label(get_all_series(cached.json(), "A"), "service.name").items()}
+    assert cached_points == fresh_points
+
+
+def test_limited_group_by_shrunk_window_matches_no_cache(
+    signoz: types.SigNoz,
+    create_user_admin: None,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    get_token: Callable[[str, str], str],
+    insert_logs: Callable[[list[Logs]], None],
+) -> None:
+    """
+    svc-a wins the full window and svc-b wins its second half, so a cache
+    that keeps the window's winner serves the wrong series for the half.
+    """
+    now = datetime.now(tz=UTC).replace(second=0, microsecond=0)
+    # the cache outlives the run, so a fixed filter would serve the previous
+    # run's points back to this one
+    run = uuid4().hex[:8]
+    start = now - 40 * MINUTE
+    insert_logs(
+        [
+            Logs(
+                timestamp=start + minute * MINUTE + timedelta(seconds=1 + i),
+                resources={"service.name": service},
+                attributes={"run": run},
+                body=f"{service} {minute} {i}",
+            )
+            for minute in range(10)
+            for service, count in (("svc-a", 20 if minute < 5 else 1), ("svc-b", 1 if minute < 5 else 10))
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
+    )
+    token = get_token(USER_ADMIN_EMAIL, USER_ADMIN_PASSWORD)
+    query = build_scalar_query(
+        name="A",
+        signal="logs",
+        aggregations=[build_aggregation("count()")],
+        group_by=[build_group_by_field("service.name", "string", "resource")],
+        order=[build_order_by("count()", "desc")],
+        limit=1,
+        filter_expression=f"run = '{run}'",
+        step_interval=60,
+    )
+    start_ms = int(start.timestamp() * 1000)
+    middle_ms = int((start + 5 * MINUTE).timestamp() * 1000)
+    end_ms = int((start + 10 * MINUTE).timestamp() * 1000)
+
+    warm = make_query_request(signoz, token, start_ms, end_ms, [query], no_cache=False)
+    assert warm.status_code == HTTPStatus.OK, warm.text
+    cached = make_query_request(signoz, token, middle_ms, end_ms, [query], no_cache=False)
+    assert cached.status_code == HTTPStatus.OK, cached.text
+    fresh = make_query_request(signoz, token, middle_ms, end_ms, [query], no_cache=True)
+    assert fresh.status_code == HTTPStatus.OK, fresh.text
+
+    fresh_points = {service: {point["timestamp"]: point["value"] for point in series["values"]} for service, series in index_series_by_label(get_all_series(fresh.json(), "A"), "service.name").items()}
+    assert set(fresh_points) == {"svc-b"}, fresh_points
+    assert sorted(fresh_points["svc-b"].values()) == [10] * 5, fresh_points
+
+    cached_points = {service: {point["timestamp"]: point["value"] for point in series["values"]} for service, series in index_series_by_label(get_all_series(cached.json(), "A"), "service.name").items()}
+    assert cached_points == fresh_points

tests/integration/tests/querierlogs/04_formula.py

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ from collections.abc import Callable
 from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
 from http import HTTPStatus
 
+import pytest
+
 from fixtures import types
 from fixtures.auth import USER_ADMIN_EMAIL, USER_ADMIN_PASSWORD
 from fixtures.logs import Logs
@@ -12,6 +14,9 @@ from fixtures.querier import (
     build_order_by,
     build_scalar_query,
     find_named_result,
+    get_all_series,
+    get_error_message,
+    index_series_by_label,
     make_query_request,
 )
 
@@ -191,3 +196,138 @@ def test_logs_formula_orderby_and_limit(
     assert len(f3_services) == 3, f"F3: expected 3 rows after limit, got {len(f3_services)}"
     assert f3_values == f4_values[:3], f"F3 values {f3_values} do not match F4[:3] values {f4_values[:3]}"
     assert set(f3_services) == set(f4_services[:3]), f"F3 services {f3_services} do not match F4[:3] services {f4_services[:3]}"
+
+
+# Logs per service at 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1 minutes before now. Totals: a 15, b 17, c 5, d 15.
+FORMULA_HAVING_COUNTS = {
+    "service-a": [1, 4, 2, 5, 3],
+    "service-b": [6, 1, 1, 2, 7],
+    "service-c": [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
+    "service-d": [3, 3, 3, 3, 3],
+}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "query_having,formula_having,expected_services",
+    [
+        pytest.param("count() > 4 AND count() < 16", "F1 > 4 AND F1 < 16", {"service-a", "service-b"}, id="and_range"),
+        pytest.param("count() IN (1, 5, 17) OR count() > 15", "__result IN (1, 5, 17) OR __result > 15", {"service-a", "service-b", "service-c"}, id="in_or"),
+        pytest.param("NOT (count() * 2 - 1 > 9)", "NOT (F1 * 2 - 1 > 9)", {"service-a", "service-b", "service-c", "service-d"}, id="not_arithmetic"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_logs_formula_having_time_series_matches_query_having(
+    signoz: types.SigNoz,
+    create_user_admin: None,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    get_token: Callable[[str, str], str],
+    insert_logs: Callable[[list[Logs]], None],
+    query_having: str,
+    formula_having: str,
+    expected_services: set[str],
+) -> None:
+    """
+    The querier computes formulas in Go, so a formula having runs in Go. For the
+    formula `A`, it must keep the same points that SQL HAVING keeps on query A.
+    """
+    now = datetime.now(tz=UTC).replace(second=0, microsecond=0)
+    insert_logs([Logs(timestamp=now - timedelta(minutes=5 - minute), resources={"service.name": service}, body=f"{service} log {minute}-{i}") for service, counts in FORMULA_HAVING_COUNTS.items() for minute, count in enumerate(counts) for i in range(count)])
+    token = get_token(USER_ADMIN_EMAIL, USER_ADMIN_PASSWORD)
+
+    group_by = [build_group_by_field("service.name", "string", "resource")]
+    response = make_query_request(
+        signoz,
+        token,
+        start_ms=int((now - timedelta(minutes=15)).timestamp() * 1000),
+        end_ms=int(now.timestamp() * 1000),
+        request_type="time_series",
+        queries=[
+            build_scalar_query(name="A", signal="logs", aggregations=[build_aggregation("count()")], group_by=group_by, disabled=True),
+            build_scalar_query(name="B", signal="logs", aggregations=[build_aggregation("count()")], group_by=group_by, having_expression=query_having),
+            build_formula_query("F1", "A", having_expression=formula_having),
+        ],
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == HTTPStatus.OK, response.text
+
+    query_series = index_series_by_label(get_all_series(response.json(), "B"), "service.name")
+    formula_series = index_series_by_label(get_all_series(response.json(), "F1"), "service.name")
+    assert set(formula_series) == expected_services
+    assert set(query_series) == expected_services
+    for service in expected_services:
+        query_points = sorted((value["timestamp"], value["value"]) for value in query_series[service]["values"])
+        formula_points = sorted((value["timestamp"], value["value"]) for value in formula_series[service]["values"])
+        assert formula_points == query_points, service
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "query_having,formula_having,expected_services",
+    [
+        pytest.param("count() > 4 AND count() < 16", "F1 > 4 AND F1 < 16", {"service-a", "service-c", "service-d"}, id="and_range"),
+        pytest.param("count() IN (1, 5, 17) OR count() > 15", "__result IN (1, 5, 17) OR __result > 15", {"service-b", "service-c"}, id="in_or"),
+        pytest.param("NOT (count() * 2 - 1 > 9)", "NOT (F1 * 2 - 1 > 9)", {"service-c"}, id="not_arithmetic"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_logs_formula_having_scalar_matches_query_having(
+    signoz: types.SigNoz,
+    create_user_admin: None,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    get_token: Callable[[str, str], str],
+    insert_logs: Callable[[list[Logs]], None],
+    query_having: str,
+    formula_having: str,
+    expected_services: set[str],
+) -> None:
+    """
+    For the formula `A` in a scalar request, the formula having must keep the
+    same rows that SQL HAVING keeps on query A.
+    """
+    now = datetime.now(tz=UTC).replace(second=0, microsecond=0)
+    insert_logs([Logs(timestamp=now - timedelta(minutes=5 - minute), resources={"service.name": service}, body=f"{service} log {minute}-{i}") for service, counts in FORMULA_HAVING_COUNTS.items() for minute, count in enumerate(counts) for i in range(count)])
+    token = get_token(USER_ADMIN_EMAIL, USER_ADMIN_PASSWORD)
+
+    group_by = [build_group_by_field("service.name", "string", "resource")]
+    response = make_query_request(
+        signoz,
+        token,
+        start_ms=int((now - timedelta(minutes=15)).timestamp() * 1000),
+        end_ms=int(now.timestamp() * 1000),
+        request_type="scalar",
+        queries=[
+            build_scalar_query(name="A", signal="logs", aggregations=[build_aggregation("count()")], group_by=group_by, disabled=True),
+            build_scalar_query(name="B", signal="logs", aggregations=[build_aggregation("count()")], group_by=group_by, having_expression=query_having),
+            build_formula_query("F1", "A", having_expression=formula_having),
+        ],
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == HTTPStatus.OK, response.text
+
+    results = response.json()["data"]["data"]["results"]
+    values_by_query = {}
+    for name in ("B", "F1"):
+        result = find_named_result(results, name)
+        assert result is not None, name
+        service_column = next(i for i, column in enumerate(result["columns"]) if column["name"] == "service.name")
+        value_column = next(i for i, column in enumerate(result["columns"]) if column["columnType"] == "aggregation")
+        values_by_query[name] = {row[service_column]: row[value_column] for row in result["data"]}
+    assert set(values_by_query["F1"]) == expected_services
+    assert values_by_query["F1"] == values_by_query["B"]
+
+
+def test_logs_formula_having_invalid_reference(
+    signoz: types.SigNoz,
+    create_user_admin: None,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    get_token: Callable[[str, str], str],
+) -> None:
+    """A formula having can reference only the formula value, so `count()` is a bad request."""
+    now = datetime.now(tz=UTC).replace(second=0, microsecond=0)
+    token = get_token(USER_ADMIN_EMAIL, USER_ADMIN_PASSWORD)
+
+    response = make_query_request(
+        signoz,
+        token,
+        start_ms=int((now - timedelta(minutes=15)).timestamp() * 1000),
+        end_ms=int(now.timestamp() * 1000),
+        request_type="time_series",
+        queries=[
+            build_scalar_query(name="A", signal="logs", aggregations=[build_aggregation("count()")], disabled=True),
+            build_formula_query("F1", "A", having_expression="count() > 0"),
+        ],
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST, response.text
+    assert get_error_message(response.json()) == "Invalid references in `Having` expression: [count]"

tests/integration/tests/querierlogs/17_heatmap.py

@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
+from http import HTTPStatus
+
+import pytest
+
+from fixtures import types
+from fixtures.auth import USER_ADMIN_EMAIL, USER_ADMIN_PASSWORD
+from fixtures.logs import Logs
+from fixtures.querier import (
+    RequestType,
+    assert_distribution_sums_heatmap,
+    build_aggregation,
+    build_group_by_field,
+    build_heatmap_query,
+    build_linear_bucket_options,
+    build_log_bucket_options,
+    build_order_by,
+    build_scalar_query,
+    get_all_series,
+    get_buckets,
+    get_error_message,
+    get_heatmap_columns,
+    index_series_by_label,
+    make_query_request,
+)
+
+
+def test_linear_heatmap_grouped(
+    signoz: types.SigNoz,
+    create_user_admin: None,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    get_token: Callable[[str, str], str],
+    insert_logs: Callable[[list[Logs]], None],
+) -> None:
+    now = datetime.now(tz=UTC).replace(second=0, microsecond=0)
+    bytes_by_service = {"heatmap-svc-a": [50, 250], "heatmap-svc-b": [950, 5000]}
+    insert_logs(
+        [
+            Logs(
+                timestamp=now - timedelta(seconds=index + 1),
+                resources={"service.name": service},
+                attributes={"response_bytes": response_bytes},
+                body=f"{service} served {response_bytes} bytes",
+            )
+            for service, values in bytes_by_service.items()
+            for index, response_bytes in enumerate(values)
+        ]
+        # a log without the field is not counted
+        + [
+            Logs(
+                timestamp=now - timedelta(seconds=index + 1),
+                resources={"service.name": "heatmap-svc-a"},
+                body="no response size",
+            )
+            for index in range(2)
+        ]
+    )
+
+    token = get_token(USER_ADMIN_EMAIL, USER_ADMIN_PASSWORD)
+    start_ms = int((now - timedelta(minutes=5)).timestamp() * 1000)
+    end_ms = int((now + timedelta(seconds=5)).timestamp() * 1000)
+    queries = [
+        build_heatmap_query(
+            "A",
+            "logs",
+            "response_bytes",
+            group_by=[build_group_by_field("service.name", "string", "resource")],
+            filter_expression="service.name IN ('heatmap-svc-a', 'heatmap-svc-b')",
+            bucket_options=build_linear_bucket_options(1000, 10),
+        )
+    ]
+    response = make_query_request(signoz, token, start_ms, end_ms, queries, request_type=RequestType.HEATMAP)
+    assert response.status_code == HTTPStatus.OK, response.text
+    assert_distribution_sums_heatmap(signoz, token, start_ms, end_ms, queries, response)
+
+    data = response.json()
+    # 1000 split into 10 gives (0, 100], (100, 200], ... (900, 1000], and 5000
+    # is past 1000 so it counts in the trailing overflow
+    buckets = get_buckets(data, "A")
+    assert buckets == pytest.approx([0.0, 100.0, 200.0, 300.0, 400.0, 500.0, 600.0, 700.0, 800.0, 900.0, 1000.0])
+
+    series_by_service = index_series_by_label(get_all_series(data, "A"), "service.name")
+    assert set(series_by_service) == set(bytes_by_service)
+
+    totals_by_service = {service: [sum(column["values"][slot] for column in series["values"]) for slot in range(len(buckets) + 1)] for service, series in series_by_service.items()}
+    assert totals_by_service == {
+        "heatmap-svc-a": [0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
+        "heatmap-svc-b": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1],
+    }
+
+
+def test_log_heatmap(
+    signoz: types.SigNoz,
+    create_user_admin: None,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    get_token: Callable[[str, str], str],
+    insert_logs: Callable[[list[Logs]], None],
+) -> None:
+    now = datetime.now(tz=UTC).replace(second=0, microsecond=0)
+    insert_logs(
+        [
+            Logs(
+                timestamp=now - timedelta(seconds=index + 1),
+                resources={"service.name": "heatmap-log-axis"},
+                attributes={"queue_depth": queue_depth},
+                body=f"queue depth {queue_depth}",
+            )
+            for index, queue_depth in enumerate([100, 300, 600])
+        ]
+    )
+
+    token = get_token(USER_ADMIN_EMAIL, USER_ADMIN_PASSWORD)
+    start_ms = int((now - timedelta(minutes=5)).timestamp() * 1000)
+    end_ms = int((now + timedelta(seconds=5)).timestamp() * 1000)
+    queries = [
+        build_heatmap_query(
+            "A",
+            "logs",
+            "attribute.queue_depth",
+            order=[build_order_by("attribute.queue_depth")],
+            filter_expression="service.name = 'heatmap-log-axis'",
+            bucket_options=build_log_bucket_options(0),
+        )
+    ]
+    response = make_query_request(signoz, token, start_ms, end_ms, queries, request_type=RequestType.HEATMAP)
+    assert response.status_code == HTTPStatus.OK, response.text
+    assert_distribution_sums_heatmap(signoz, token, start_ms, end_ms, queries, response)
+
+    data = response.json()
+    # a doubling per bucket, with one rung under the lowest bucket reached so
+    # its lower bound is on the axis; (128, 256] holds nothing but stays
+    buckets = get_buckets(data, "A")
+    assert buckets == pytest.approx([64.0, 128.0, 256.0, 512.0, 1024.0])
+    assert [sum(column["values"][slot] for column in get_heatmap_columns(data, "A")) for slot in range(len(buckets) + 1)] == [0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0]
+
+
+def test_default_axis(
+    signoz: types.SigNoz,
+    create_user_admin: None,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    get_token: Callable[[str, str], str],
+    insert_logs: Callable[[list[Logs]], None],
+) -> None:
+    now = datetime.now(tz=UTC).replace(second=0, microsecond=0)
+    insert_logs(
+        [
+            Logs(
+                timestamp=now - timedelta(seconds=index + 1),
+                resources={"service.name": "heatmap-default-axis"},
+                attributes={"batch_size": 1000},
+                body="batch of 1000",
+            )
+            for index in range(2)
+        ]
+    )
+
+    token = get_token(USER_ADMIN_EMAIL, USER_ADMIN_PASSWORD)
+    start_ms = int((now - timedelta(minutes=5)).timestamp() * 1000)
+    end_ms = int((now + timedelta(seconds=5)).timestamp() * 1000)
+    queries = [build_heatmap_query("A", "logs", "batch_size", filter_expression="service.name = 'heatmap-default-axis'")]
+    response = make_query_request(signoz, token, start_ms, end_ms, queries, request_type=RequestType.HEATMAP)
+    assert response.status_code == HTTPStatus.OK, response.text
+    assert_distribution_sums_heatmap(signoz, token, start_ms, end_ms, queries, response)
+
+    data = response.json()
+    # no bucketOptions is the finest log axis, 16 buckets per doubling: 1000
+    # sits in (2^(159/16), 2^10]
+    buckets = get_buckets(data, "A")
+    totals = [sum(column["values"][slot] for column in get_heatmap_columns(data, "A")) for slot in range(len(buckets) + 1)]
+    holding = [slot for slot, total in enumerate(totals) if total]
+    assert holding == [len(buckets) - 1]
+    assert totals[holding[0]] == 2
+    assert buckets[-2:] == pytest.approx([2 ** (159 / 16), 1024.0])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "aggregations, expected_message",
+    [
+        pytest.param(
+            [build_aggregation("count()")],
+            'a logs or traces heatmap counts events by the field named as its aggregation, got "count()"',
+            id="count_aggregation",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            [build_aggregation("response_bytes"), build_aggregation("queue_depth")],
+            "a heatmap renders one bucket axis, but the query has 2 aggregations",
+            id="two_aggregations",
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_heatmap_rejections(
+    signoz: types.SigNoz,
+    create_user_admin: None,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    get_token: Callable[[str, str], str],
+    aggregations: list[dict],
+    expected_message: str,
+) -> None:
+    now = datetime.now(tz=UTC).replace(second=0, microsecond=0)
+    token = get_token(USER_ADMIN_EMAIL, USER_ADMIN_PASSWORD)
+    response = make_query_request(
+        signoz,
+        token,
+        int((now - timedelta(minutes=5)).timestamp() * 1000),
+        int(now.timestamp() * 1000),
+        [build_scalar_query("A", "logs", aggregations)],
+        request_type=RequestType.HEATMAP,
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST, response.text
+    assert expected_message in get_error_message(response.json())

tests/integration/tests/queriermetrics/16_heatmap_rejections.py

@@ -128,6 +128,15 @@ request_types = pytest.mark.parametrize(
             "having is not supported for {request_type} requests",
             id="having_on_the_query",
         ),
+        pytest.param(
+            [
+                build_builder_query("A", METRIC_NAME, "max", "max", disabled=True),
+                build_formula_query("F1", "A", having_expression="F1 > 1"),
+            ],
+            {},
+            "having is not supported for {request_type} requests",
+            id="having_on_the_formula",
+        ),
         pytest.param(
             [build_builder_query("A", METRIC_NAME, "max", "max", bucket_options={"kind": "quadratic", "spec": {}})],
             {},

tests/integration/tests/queriertraces/16_heatmap.py

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
+from http import HTTPStatus
+
+import pytest
+
+from fixtures import types
+from fixtures.auth import USER_ADMIN_EMAIL, USER_ADMIN_PASSWORD
+from fixtures.querier import (
+    RequestType,
+    assert_distribution_sums_heatmap,
+    build_heatmap_query,
+    build_linear_bucket_options,
+    build_log_bucket_options,
+    get_buckets,
+    get_heatmap_columns,
+    make_query_request,
+)
+from fixtures.traces import TraceIdGenerator, Traces, TracesKind
+
+
+def test_duration_heatmap(
+    signoz: types.SigNoz,
+    create_user_admin: None,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    get_token: Callable[[str, str], str],
+    insert_traces: Callable[[list[Traces]], None],
+) -> None:
+    now = datetime.now(tz=UTC).replace(second=0, microsecond=0)
+    durations = [timedelta(0)] + [timedelta(milliseconds=5)] * 6 + [timedelta(seconds=1)] * 3 + [timedelta(seconds=30)]
+    insert_traces(
+        [
+            Traces(
+                timestamp=now - timedelta(minutes=2, seconds=index),
+                duration=duration,
+                trace_id=TraceIdGenerator.trace_id(),
+                span_id=TraceIdGenerator.span_id(),
+                name="GET /cart",
+                kind=TracesKind.SPAN_KIND_SERVER,
+                resources={"service.name": "heatmap-cart"},
+            )
+            for index, duration in enumerate(durations)
+        ]
+    )
+
+    token = get_token(USER_ADMIN_EMAIL, USER_ADMIN_PASSWORD)
+    start_ms = int((now - timedelta(minutes=5)).timestamp() * 1000)
+    end_ms = int(now.timestamp() * 1000)
+    queries = [build_heatmap_query("A", "traces", "duration_nano", filter_expression="service.name = 'heatmap-cart'", bucket_options=build_log_bucket_options(0))]
+    response = make_query_request(signoz, token, start_ms, end_ms, queries, request_type=RequestType.HEATMAP)
+    assert response.status_code == HTTPStatus.OK, response.text
+    assert_distribution_sums_heatmap(signoz, token, start_ms, end_ms, queries, response)
+
+    data = response.json()
+    # a doubling per bucket in nanoseconds: 5ms is in (2^22, 2^23], 1s in
+    # (2^29, 2^30] and 30s in (2^34, 2^35], and 2^22 is the rung under 5ms; a
+    # 0ns span is counted at 0
+    buckets = get_buckets(data, "A")
+    assert buckets == pytest.approx([0.0] + [float(2**power) for power in range(22, 36)])
+
+    totals = [sum(column["values"][slot] for column in get_heatmap_columns(data, "A")) for slot in range(len(buckets) + 1)]
+    assert {buckets[slot]: total for slot, total in enumerate(totals) if total} == {0.0: 1, 2.0**23: 6, 2.0**30: 3, 2.0**35: 1}
+    assert sum(totals) == len(durations)
+
+
+def test_span_attribute_heatmap(
+    signoz: types.SigNoz,
+    create_user_admin: None,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    get_token: Callable[[str, str], str],
+    insert_traces: Callable[[list[Traces]], None],
+) -> None:
+    now = datetime.now(tz=UTC).replace(second=0, microsecond=0)
+    rows_returned = [5, 5, 5, 45, 45, 250]
+    insert_traces(
+        [
+            Traces(
+                timestamp=now - timedelta(minutes=2, seconds=index),
+                trace_id=TraceIdGenerator.trace_id(),
+                span_id=TraceIdGenerator.span_id(),
+                name="SELECT orders",
+                kind=TracesKind.SPAN_KIND_CLIENT,
+                resources={"service.name": "heatmap-orders-db"},
+                attributes={"db.rows_returned": rows},
+            )
+            for index, rows in enumerate(rows_returned)
+        ]
+        # a span without the attribute is not counted
+        + [
+            Traces(
+                timestamp=now - timedelta(minutes=2, seconds=index),
+                trace_id=TraceIdGenerator.trace_id(),
+                span_id=TraceIdGenerator.span_id(),
+                name="BEGIN",
+                kind=TracesKind.SPAN_KIND_CLIENT,
+                resources={"service.name": "heatmap-orders-db"},
+            )
+            for index in range(2)
+        ]
+    )
+
+    token = get_token(USER_ADMIN_EMAIL, USER_ADMIN_PASSWORD)
+    start_ms = int((now - timedelta(minutes=5)).timestamp() * 1000)
+    end_ms = int(now.timestamp() * 1000)
+    queries = [build_heatmap_query("A", "traces", "db.rows_returned", filter_expression="service.name = 'heatmap-orders-db'", bucket_options=build_linear_bucket_options(100, 10))]
+    response = make_query_request(signoz, token, start_ms, end_ms, queries, request_type=RequestType.HEATMAP)
+    assert response.status_code == HTTPStatus.OK, response.text
+    assert_distribution_sums_heatmap(signoz, token, start_ms, end_ms, queries, response)
+
+    data = response.json()
+    # 100 split into 10 gives (0, 10], (10, 20], ... (90, 100]: 5 is in the
+    # first, 45 in (40, 50], and 250 is past 100 so it counts in the overflow
+    buckets = get_buckets(data, "A")
+    assert buckets == pytest.approx([0.0, 10.0, 20.0, 30.0, 40.0, 50.0])
+    assert [sum(column["values"][slot] for column in get_heatmap_columns(data, "A")) for slot in range(len(buckets) + 1)] == [0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1]