chore: fill valid span gaps

* test(service-account): mock motion lib & change drawer open/close detection

* test(serviceaccount): remove getByRole & use wait for instead of waitForElementToBeRemoved

docs/api/openapi.yml

@@ -2682,7 +2682,6 @@ components:
         unit:
           type: string
         value:
-          format: double
           type: number
       required:
       - value
@@ -3655,7 +3654,6 @@ components:
         unit:
           type: string
         value:
-          format: double
           type: number
       required:
       - value
@@ -3692,7 +3690,6 @@ components:
         unit:
           type: string
         value:
-          format: double
           type: number
       required:
       - value

frontend/__mocks__/motionMock.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// oxlint-disable-next-line no-restricted-imports
+import * as React from 'react';
+
+// In jsdom, AnimatePresence from motion/react keeps children in DOM during exit
+// animations (awaiting rAF-driven completion that never fully runs in jsdom).
+// This mock makes AnimatePresence render children immediately and makes motion.*
+// elements render as their plain HTML equivalents without animation side-effects.
+//
+// IMPORTANT: motion component references are cached so React sees a stable
+// component identity across re-renders and does not enter an infinite remount loop.
+
+const MOTION_PROPS_TO_STRIP = new Set([
+	'initial',
+	'animate',
+	'exit',
+	'variants',
+	'transition',
+	'whileHover',
+	'whileTap',
+	'whileFocus',
+	'whileInView',
+	'layout',
+	'layoutId',
+	'onAnimationStart',
+	'onAnimationComplete',
+]);
+
+const cache = new Map<string, React.ComponentType>();
+
+function getMotionComponent(tag: string): React.ComponentType {
+	if (!cache.has(tag)) {
+		const Component = React.forwardRef<HTMLElement, Record<string, unknown>>(
+			(props, ref) => {
+				const domProps: Record<string, unknown> = {};
+				for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(props)) {
+					if (!MOTION_PROPS_TO_STRIP.has(k)) {
+						domProps[k] = v;
+					}
+				}
+				return React.createElement(tag, { ...domProps, ref });
+			},
+		);
+		Component.displayName = `motion.${tag}`;
+		cache.set(tag, Component as unknown as React.ComponentType);
+	}
+	return cache.get(tag) as React.ComponentType;
+}
+
+const motionHandler: ProxyHandler<Record<string, React.ComponentType>> = {
+	get(_target, prop: string) {
+		return getMotionComponent(prop);
+	},
+};
+
+export const AnimatePresence: React.FC<{
+	children?: React.ReactNode;
+	mode?: string;
+}> = ({ children }) => React.createElement(React.Fragment, null, children);
+
+export const motion = new Proxy(
+	{} as Record<string, React.ComponentType>,
+	motionHandler,
+);
+
+export const useAnimation = (): Record<string, unknown> => ({
+	start: (): unknown => Promise.resolve(),
+	stop: (): unknown => undefined,
+	set: (): unknown => undefined,
+});
+
+export const useMotionValue = (
+	initial: unknown,
+): { get: () => unknown; set: () => void } => ({
+	get: (): unknown => initial,
+	set: (): unknown => undefined,
+});
+
+export const useTransform = (): { get: () => number } => ({
+	get: (): number => 0,
+});
+
+export const useSpring = (v: unknown): unknown => v;
+
+export const useScroll = (): { scrollY: { get: () => number } } => ({
+	scrollY: { get: (): number => 0 },
+});
+
+export default { motion, AnimatePresence };

frontend/jest.config.ts

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ const config: Config.InitialOptions = {
 		'\\.module\\.mjs$': '<rootDir>/__mocks__/cssMock.ts',
 		'\\.md$': '<rootDir>/__mocks__/cssMock.ts',
 		'^uplot$': '<rootDir>/__mocks__/uplotMock.ts',
+		'^motion/react$': '<rootDir>/__mocks__/motionMock.tsx',
 		'^@signozhq/resizable$': '<rootDir>/__mocks__/resizableMock.tsx',
 		'^hooks/useSafeNavigate$': USE_SAFE_NAVIGATE_MOCK_PATH,
 		'^src/hooks/useSafeNavigate$': USE_SAFE_NAVIGATE_MOCK_PATH,

frontend/src/api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas.ts

@@ -3395,7 +3395,6 @@ export interface DashboardtypesThresholdWithLabelDTO {
 	unit?: string;
 	/**
 	 * @type number
-	 * @format double
 	 */
 	value: number;
 }
@@ -3923,7 +3922,6 @@ export interface DashboardtypesComparisonThresholdDTO {
 	unit?: string;
 	/**
 	 * @type number
-	 * @format double
 	 */
 	value: number;
 }
@@ -4212,7 +4210,6 @@ export interface DashboardtypesTableThresholdDTO {
 	unit?: string;
 	/**
 	 * @type number
-	 * @format double
 	 */
 	value: number;
 }

frontend/src/components/CreateServiceAccountModal/CreateServiceAccountModal.tsx

@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ function CreateServiceAccountModal(): JSX.Element {
 			width="narrow"
 			className="create-sa-modal"
 			disableOutsideClick={isErrorModalVisible}
+			testId="create-service-account-modal"
 		>
 			<div className="create-sa-modal__content">
 				<form

frontend/src/components/CreateServiceAccountModal/__tests__/CreateServiceAccountModal.test.tsx

@@ -1,13 +1,7 @@
 import { toast } from '@signozhq/ui/sonner';
 import { rest, server } from 'mocks-server/server';
 import { NuqsTestingAdapter } from 'nuqs/adapters/testing';
-import {
-	render,
-	screen,
-	userEvent,
-	waitFor,
-	waitForElementToBeRemoved,
-} from 'tests/test-utils';
+import { render, screen, userEvent, waitFor } from 'tests/test-utils';
 
 import CreateServiceAccountModal from '../CreateServiceAccountModal';
 
@@ -89,7 +83,7 @@ describe('CreateServiceAccountModal', () => {
 
 		await waitFor(() => {
 			expect(
-				screen.queryByRole('dialog', { name: /New Service Account/i }),
+				screen.queryByTestId('create-service-account-modal'),
 			).not.toBeInTheDocument();
 		});
 	});
@@ -129,7 +123,7 @@ describe('CreateServiceAccountModal', () => {
 		});
 
 		expect(
-			screen.getByRole('dialog', { name: /New Service Account/i }),
+			screen.getByTestId('create-service-account-modal'),
 		).toBeInTheDocument();
 	});
 
@@ -137,15 +131,14 @@ describe('CreateServiceAccountModal', () => {
 		const user = userEvent.setup({ pointerEventsCheck: 0 });
 		renderModal();
 
-		const dialog = await screen.findByRole('dialog', {
-			name: /New Service Account/i,
-		});
+		await screen.findByTestId('create-service-account-modal');
 		await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /Cancel/i }));
 
-		await waitForElementToBeRemoved(dialog);
-		expect(
-			screen.queryByRole('dialog', { name: /New Service Account/i }),
-		).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+		await waitFor(() => {
+			expect(
+				screen.queryByTestId('create-service-account-modal'),
+			).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+		});
 	});
 
 	it('shows "Name is required" after clearing the name field', async () => {

frontend/src/components/ServiceAccountDrawer/AddKeyModal/index.tsx

@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@ function AddKeyModal(): JSX.Element {
 			className="add-key-modal"
 			showCloseButton
 			disableOutsideClick={isErrorModalVisible}
+			testId="add-key-modal"
 		>
 			{phase === Phase.FORM && (
 				<KeyFormPhase

frontend/src/components/ServiceAccountDrawer/DeleteAccountModal.tsx

@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ function DeleteAccountModal(): JSX.Element {
 				color="destructive"
 				loading={isDeleting}
 				onClick={handleConfirm}
+				data-testid="confirm-delete-btn"
 			>
 				<Trash2 size={12} />
 				Delete
@@ -111,6 +112,7 @@ function DeleteAccountModal(): JSX.Element {
 			className="alert-dialog sa-delete-dialog"
 			showCloseButton={false}
 			disableOutsideClick={isErrorModalVisible}
+			testId="delete-service-account-modal"
 			footer={footer}
 		>
 			{content}

frontend/src/components/ServiceAccountDrawer/EditKeyModal/index.tsx

@@ -175,6 +175,7 @@ function EditKeyModal({ keyItem }: EditKeyModalProps): JSX.Element {
 			}
 			showCloseButton={!isRevokeConfirmOpen}
 			disableOutsideClick={isErrorModalVisible}
+			testId="edit-key-modal"
 			footer={
 				isRevokeConfirmOpen ? (
 					<RevokeKeyFooter

frontend/src/components/ServiceAccountDrawer/__tests__/AddKeyModal.test.tsx

@@ -2,13 +2,7 @@ import { toast } from '@signozhq/ui/sonner';
 import { setupAuthzAdmin } from 'lib/authz/utils/authz-test-utils';
 import { rest, server } from 'mocks-server/server';
 import { NuqsTestingAdapter } from 'nuqs/adapters/testing';
-import {
-	render,
-	screen,
-	userEvent,
-	waitFor,
-	waitForElementToBeRemoved,
-} from 'tests/test-utils';
+import { render, screen, userEvent, waitFor } from 'tests/test-utils';
 
 import AddKeyModal from '../AddKeyModal';
 
@@ -97,7 +91,7 @@ describe('AddKeyModal', () => {
 
 		await screen.findByText('snz_abc123xyz456secret');
 		expect(screen.getByText(/Store the key securely/i)).toBeInTheDocument();
-		await screen.findByRole('dialog', { name: /Key Created Successfully/i });
+		expect(screen.getByTestId('add-key-modal')).toBeInTheDocument();
 	});
 
 	it('copy button writes key to clipboard and shows toast.success', async () => {
@@ -133,9 +127,11 @@ describe('AddKeyModal', () => {
 		const user = userEvent.setup({ pointerEventsCheck: 0 });
 		renderModal();
 
-		const dialog = await screen.findByRole('dialog', { name: /Add a New Key/i });
+		await screen.findByTestId('add-key-modal');
 		await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /Cancel/i }));
 
-		await waitForElementToBeRemoved(dialog);
+		await waitFor(() => {
+			expect(screen.queryByTestId('add-key-modal')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+		});
 	});
 });

frontend/src/components/ServiceAccountDrawer/__tests__/EditKeyModal.test.tsx

@@ -73,9 +73,7 @@ describe('EditKeyModal (URL-controlled)', () => {
 	it('renders nothing when edit-key param is absent', () => {
 		renderModal(null, { account: 'sa-1' });
 
-		expect(
-			screen.queryByRole('dialog', { name: /Edit Key Details/i }),
-		).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+		expect(screen.queryByTestId('edit-key-modal')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
 	});
 
 	it('renders key data from prop when edit-key param is set', async () => {
@@ -102,9 +100,7 @@ describe('EditKeyModal (URL-controlled)', () => {
 		});
 
 		await waitFor(() => {
-			expect(
-				screen.queryByRole('dialog', { name: /Edit Key Details/i }),
-			).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+			expect(screen.queryByTestId('edit-key-modal')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
 		});
 	});
 
@@ -131,9 +127,7 @@ describe('EditKeyModal (URL-controlled)', () => {
 		expect(latestUrlUpdate.queryString).not.toContain('edit-key=');
 
 		await waitFor(() => {
-			expect(
-				screen.queryByRole('dialog', { name: /Edit Key Details/i }),
-			).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+			expect(screen.queryByTestId('edit-key-modal')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
 		});
 	});
 
@@ -145,9 +139,7 @@ describe('EditKeyModal (URL-controlled)', () => {
 		await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /Revoke Key/i }));
 
 		// Same dialog, now showing revoke confirmation
-		await expect(
-			screen.findByRole('dialog', { name: /Revoke Original Key Name/i }),
-		).resolves.toBeInTheDocument();
+		expect(screen.getByTestId('edit-key-modal')).toBeInTheDocument();
 		expect(
 			screen.getByText(/Revoking this key will permanently invalidate it/i),
 		).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -170,9 +162,7 @@ describe('EditKeyModal (URL-controlled)', () => {
 		});
 
 		await waitFor(() => {
-			expect(
-				screen.queryByRole('dialog', { name: /Edit Key Details/i }),
-			).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+			expect(screen.queryByTestId('edit-key-modal')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
 		});
 	});
 });

frontend/src/components/ServiceAccountDrawer/__tests__/ServiceAccountDrawer.test.tsx

@@ -222,21 +222,20 @@ describe('ServiceAccountDrawer', () => {
 			screen.getByRole('button', { name: /Delete Service Account/i }),
 		);
 
-		const dialog = await screen.findByRole('dialog', {
-			name: /Delete service account CI Bot/i,
-		});
-		expect(dialog).toBeInTheDocument();
+		await screen.findByTestId('delete-service-account-modal');
+		expect(
+			screen.getByTestId('delete-service-account-modal'),
+		).toBeInTheDocument();
 
-		const confirmBtns = screen.getAllByRole('button', { name: /^Delete$/i });
-		await user.click(confirmBtns[confirmBtns.length - 1]);
+		await user.click(screen.getByTestId('confirm-delete-btn'));
 
-		await waitFor(() => {
-			expect(deleteSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
-		});
-
-		await waitFor(() => {
-			expect(screen.queryByDisplayValue('CI Bot')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
-		});
+		await waitFor(
+			() => {
+				expect(deleteSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+				expect(screen.queryByDisplayValue('CI Bot')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+			},
+			{ timeout: 3000 },
+		);
 	});
 
 	it('deleted account shows read-only name, no Save button, no Delete button', async () => {

frontend/src/container/ServiceAccountsSettings/__tests__/ServiceAccountsSettings.authz.integration.test.tsx

@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ describe('ServiceAccountsSettings (integration)', () => {
 
 		fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /New Service Account/i }));
 
-		await screen.findByRole('dialog', { name: /New Service Account/i });
+		await screen.findByTestId('create-service-account-modal');
 		expect(screen.getByPlaceholderText('Enter a name')).toBeInTheDocument();
 	});
 

pkg/transition/migrate_common.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/telemetrytraces"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/querybuildertypes/querybuildertypesv5"
 )
 
 type migrateCommon struct {
@@ -23,119 +24,10 @@ func NewMigrateCommon(logger *slog.Logger) *migrateCommon {
 	}
 }
 
+// WrapInV5Envelope delegates to querybuildertypesv5.WrapInV5Envelope; the
+// transform is stateless and shared with the v1→v2 dashboard conversion.
 func (migration *migrateCommon) WrapInV5Envelope(name string, queryMap map[string]any, queryType string) map[string]any {
-	// Create a properly structured v5 query
-	v5Query := map[string]any{
-		"name":     name,
-		"disabled": queryMap["disabled"],
-		"legend":   queryMap["legend"],
-	}
-
-	if name != queryMap["expression"] {
-		// formula
-		queryType = "builder_formula"
-		v5Query["expression"] = queryMap["expression"]
-		if functions, ok := queryMap["functions"]; ok {
-			v5Query["functions"] = functions
-		}
-		return map[string]any{
-			"type": queryType,
-			"spec": v5Query,
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Add signal based on data source
-	if dataSource, ok := queryMap["dataSource"].(string); ok {
-		switch dataSource {
-		case "traces":
-			v5Query["signal"] = "traces"
-		case "logs":
-			v5Query["signal"] = "logs"
-		case "metrics":
-			v5Query["signal"] = "metrics"
-		}
-	}
-
-	if stepInterval, ok := queryMap["stepInterval"]; ok {
-		v5Query["stepInterval"] = stepInterval
-	}
-
-	if aggregations, ok := queryMap["aggregations"]; ok {
-		v5Query["aggregations"] = aggregations
-	}
-
-	if filter, ok := queryMap["filter"]; ok {
-		v5Query["filter"] = filter
-	}
-
-	// Copy groupBy with proper structure
-	if groupBy, ok := queryMap["groupBy"].([]any); ok {
-		v5GroupBy := make([]any, len(groupBy))
-		for i, gb := range groupBy {
-			if gbMap, ok := gb.(map[string]any); ok {
-				v5GroupBy[i] = map[string]any{
-					"name":          gbMap["key"],
-					"fieldDataType": gbMap["dataType"],
-					"fieldContext":  gbMap["type"],
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		v5Query["groupBy"] = v5GroupBy
-	}
-
-	// Copy orderBy with proper structure
-	if orderBy, ok := queryMap["orderBy"].([]any); ok {
-		v5OrderBy := make([]any, len(orderBy))
-		for i, ob := range orderBy {
-			if obMap, ok := ob.(map[string]any); ok {
-				v5OrderBy[i] = map[string]any{
-					"key": map[string]any{
-						"name":          obMap["columnName"],
-						"fieldDataType": obMap["dataType"],
-						"fieldContext":  obMap["type"],
-					},
-					"direction": obMap["order"],
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		v5Query["order"] = v5OrderBy
-	}
-
-	// Copy selectColumns as selectFields
-	if selectColumns, ok := queryMap["selectColumns"].([]any); ok {
-		v5SelectFields := make([]any, len(selectColumns))
-		for i, col := range selectColumns {
-			if colMap, ok := col.(map[string]any); ok {
-				v5SelectFields[i] = map[string]any{
-					"name":          colMap["key"],
-					"fieldDataType": colMap["dataType"],
-					"fieldContext":  colMap["type"],
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		v5Query["selectFields"] = v5SelectFields
-	}
-
-	// Copy limit and offset
-	if limit, ok := queryMap["limit"]; ok {
-		v5Query["limit"] = limit
-	}
-	if offset, ok := queryMap["offset"]; ok {
-		v5Query["offset"] = offset
-	}
-
-	if having, ok := queryMap["having"]; ok {
-		v5Query["having"] = having
-	}
-
-	if functions, ok := queryMap["functions"]; ok {
-		v5Query["functions"] = functions
-	}
-
-	return map[string]any{
-		"type": queryType,
-		"spec": v5Query,
-	}
+	return querybuildertypesv5.WrapInV5Envelope(name, queryMap, queryType)
 }
 
 func (mc *migrateCommon) updateQueryData(ctx context.Context, queryData map[string]any, version, widgetType string) bool {

pkg/transition/migrate_shape_safe.go

@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+// nolint
+package transition
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"log/slog"
+)
+
+// ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+// Shape-safe (idempotent) migration
+// ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+//
+// A copy of the Migrate → updateWidget → updateQueryData chain with the
+// "uniformly v4 input" assumption removed, so it is safe on a dashboard whose
+// `version` tag lies (a "v5"-labelled dashboard with un-upgraded, possibly mixed,
+// bodies — the v1→v2 converter's case). Versus the original: no version gate, and
+// each step acts only on the pre-v5 shape (leaving a v5 field alone), so it is
+// idempotent. The original Migrate is left unchanged (battle-tested, no test net).
+// The *ShapeSafe methods below each note the original they copy; the reused steps
+// (createFilterExpression, fixGroupBy, buildAggregationExpression, orderByExpr) are
+// already v5-safe.
+
+// MigrateQueryDataShapeSafe is the per-query entry point (the core of
+// updateQueryDataShapeSafe) for callers that process queries one at a time (the
+// v1→v2 converter). widgetType is the v1 panelTypes (metric reduceTo on tables);
+// "" is safe.
+func (m *dashboardMigrateV5) MigrateQueryDataShapeSafe(ctx context.Context, queryData map[string]any, widgetType string) bool {
+	return m.updateQueryDataShapeSafe(ctx, queryData, widgetType)
+}
+
+// updateQueryDataShapeSafe copies updateQueryData, with each destructive step
+// guarded to act only on the pre-v5 shape (see the file header).
+func (mc *migrateCommon) updateQueryDataShapeSafe(ctx context.Context, queryData map[string]any, widgetType string) bool {
+	updated := false
+
+	aggregateOp, _ := queryData["aggregateOperator"].(string)
+	hasAggregation := aggregateOp != "" && aggregateOp != "noop"
+
+	if mc.createAggregationsShapeSafe(ctx, queryData, widgetType) {
+		updated = true
+	}
+
+	// createFilterExpression only touches v4 `filters`; skip if a v5 `filter` exists.
+	if _, hasFilter := queryData["filter"]; !hasFilter {
+		if mc.createFilterExpression(ctx, queryData) {
+			updated = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	if mc.fixGroupBy(queryData) {
+		updated = true
+	}
+
+	if mc.createHavingExpressionShapeSafe(queryData) {
+		updated = true
+	}
+
+	if hasAggregation {
+		if orderBy, ok := queryData["orderBy"].([]any); ok && orderByIsPreV5(orderBy) {
+			newOrderBy := make([]any, 0)
+			for _, order := range orderBy {
+				if orderMap, ok := order.(map[string]any); ok {
+					columnName, _ := orderMap["columnName"].(string)
+					// skip timestamp, id (logs, traces), samples(metrics) ordering for aggregation queries
+					if columnName != "timestamp" && columnName != "samples" && columnName != "id" {
+						if columnName == "#SIGNOZ_VALUE" {
+							if expr, has := mc.orderByExpr(queryData); has {
+								orderMap["columnName"] = expr
+							}
+						} else {
+							// if the order by key is not part of the group by keys, remove it
+							present := false
+
+							groupBy, ok := queryData["groupBy"].([]any)
+							if !ok {
+								return false
+							}
+
+							for idx := range groupBy {
+								item, ok := groupBy[idx].(map[string]any)
+								if !ok {
+									continue
+								}
+								key, ok := item["key"].(string)
+								if !ok {
+									continue
+								}
+								if key == columnName {
+									present = true
+								}
+							}
+
+							if !present {
+								mc.logger.WarnContext(ctx, "found a order by without group by, skipping", slog.String("order_col_name", columnName))
+								continue
+							}
+						}
+						newOrderBy = append(newOrderBy, orderMap)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			queryData["orderBy"] = newOrderBy
+			updated = true
+		}
+	} else {
+		dataSource, _ := queryData["dataSource"].(string)
+
+		if orderBy, ok := queryData["orderBy"].([]any); ok && orderByIsPreV5(orderBy) {
+			newOrderBy := make([]any, 0)
+			for _, order := range orderBy {
+				if orderMap, ok := order.(map[string]any); ok {
+					columnName, _ := orderMap["columnName"].(string)
+					// skip id and timestamp for (traces)
+					if (columnName == "id" || columnName == "timestamp") && dataSource == "traces" {
+						mc.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "skipping `id` order by for traces")
+						continue
+					}
+
+					// skip id for (logs)
+					if (columnName == "id" || columnName == "timestamp") && dataSource == "logs" {
+						mc.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "skipping `id`/`timestamp` order by for logs")
+						continue
+					}
+
+					newOrderBy = append(newOrderBy, orderMap)
+				}
+			}
+			queryData["orderBy"] = newOrderBy
+			updated = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Only the `&& functionsArePreV5(functions)` guard differs from updateQueryData.
+	if functions, ok := queryData["functions"].([]any); ok && functionsArePreV5(functions) {
+		v5Functions := make([]any, len(functions))
+		for i, fn := range functions {
+			if fnMap, ok := fn.(map[string]any); ok {
+				v5Function := map[string]any{
+					"name": fnMap["name"],
+				}
+
+				// Convert args from v4 format to v5 FunctionArg format
+				if args, ok := fnMap["args"].([]any); ok {
+					v5Args := make([]any, len(args))
+					for j, arg := range args {
+						// In v4, args were just values. In v5, they are FunctionArg objects
+						v5Args[j] = map[string]any{
+							"name":  "", // v4 didn't have named args
+							"value": arg,
+						}
+					}
+					v5Function["args"] = v5Args
+				}
+
+				// Handle namedArgs if present (some functions might have used this)
+				if namedArgs, ok := fnMap["namedArgs"].(map[string]any); ok {
+					// Convert named args to the new format
+					existingArgs, _ := v5Function["args"].([]any)
+					if existingArgs == nil {
+						existingArgs = []any{}
+					}
+
+					for name, value := range namedArgs {
+						existingArgs = append(existingArgs, map[string]any{
+							"name":  name,
+							"value": value,
+						})
+					}
+					v5Function["args"] = existingArgs
+				}
+
+				v5Functions[i] = v5Function
+			}
+		}
+		queryData["functions"] = v5Functions
+		updated = true
+	}
+
+	delete(queryData, "aggregateOperator")
+	delete(queryData, "aggregateAttribute")
+	delete(queryData, "temporality")
+	delete(queryData, "timeAggregation")
+	delete(queryData, "spaceAggregation")
+	delete(queryData, "reduceTo")
+	delete(queryData, "filters")
+	delete(queryData, "ShiftBy")
+	delete(queryData, "IsAnomaly")
+	delete(queryData, "QueriesUsedInFormula")
+	delete(queryData, "seriesAggregation")
+
+	return updated
+}
+
+// createHavingExpressionShapeSafe copies createHavingExpression but leaves an
+// already-v5 having:{expression} alone instead of wiping it.
+func (mc *migrateCommon) createHavingExpressionShapeSafe(queryData map[string]any) bool {
+	if _, ok := queryData["having"].(map[string]any); ok {
+		return false // already v5-shaped
+	}
+	having, ok := queryData["having"].([]any)
+	if !ok || len(having) == 0 {
+		queryData["having"] = map[string]any{"expression": ""}
+		return true
+	}
+
+	dataSource, _ := queryData["dataSource"].(string)
+
+	for idx := range having {
+		if havingItem, ok := having[idx].(map[string]any); ok {
+			havingCol, has := mc.orderByExpr(queryData)
+			if has {
+				havingItem["columnName"] = havingCol
+				havingItem["key"] = map[string]any{"key": havingCol}
+			}
+			having[idx] = havingItem
+		}
+	}
+	queryData["having"] = map[string]any{"expression": mc.buildExpression(context.Background(), having, "AND", dataSource)}
+	return true
+}
+
+// createAggregationsShapeSafe copies createAggregations but skips a query that
+// already has a v5 aggregations[], and picks the metric time/space aggregation
+// from the body's shape (has timeAggregation/spaceAggregation?) rather than the
+// version tag.
+func (mc *migrateCommon) createAggregationsShapeSafe(ctx context.Context, queryData map[string]any, widgetType string) bool {
+	if aggs, ok := queryData["aggregations"].([]any); ok && len(aggs) > 0 {
+		return false // already v5-shaped
+	}
+
+	aggregateOp, hasOp := queryData["aggregateOperator"].(string)
+	aggregateAttr, hasAttr := queryData["aggregateAttribute"].(map[string]any)
+	dataSource, _ := queryData["dataSource"].(string)
+
+	if aggregateOp == "noop" && dataSource != "metrics" {
+		return false
+	}
+	if !hasOp || !hasAttr {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	var aggregation map[string]any
+
+	switch dataSource {
+	case "metrics":
+		_, hasTime := queryData["timeAggregation"]
+		_, hasSpace := queryData["spaceAggregation"]
+		if hasTime || hasSpace { // acts as a check for v4 shape: the body carries its own time/space aggregation.
+			if _, ok := queryData["spaceAggregation"]; !ok {
+				queryData["spaceAggregation"] = aggregateOp
+			}
+			aggregation = map[string]any{
+				"metricName":       aggregateAttr["key"],
+				"temporality":      queryData["temporality"],
+				"timeAggregation":  queryData["timeAggregation"],
+				"spaceAggregation": queryData["spaceAggregation"],
+			}
+			if reduceTo, ok := queryData["reduceTo"].(string); ok {
+				aggregation["reduceTo"] = reduceTo
+			}
+		} else {
+			// v3 shape: derive time/space from the compound operator.
+			var timeAgg, spaceAgg, reduceTo string
+			switch aggregateOp {
+			case "sum_rate", "rate_sum":
+				timeAgg, spaceAgg, reduceTo = "rate", "sum", "sum"
+			case "avg_rate", "rate_avg":
+				timeAgg, spaceAgg, reduceTo = "rate", "avg", "avg"
+			case "min_rate", "rate_min":
+				timeAgg, spaceAgg, reduceTo = "rate", "min", "min"
+			case "max_rate", "rate_max":
+				timeAgg, spaceAgg, reduceTo = "rate", "max", "max"
+			case "hist_quantile_50":
+				timeAgg, spaceAgg, reduceTo = "", "p50", "avg"
+			case "hist_quantile_75":
+				timeAgg, spaceAgg, reduceTo = "", "p75", "avg"
+			case "hist_quantile_90":
+				timeAgg, spaceAgg, reduceTo = "", "p90", "avg"
+			case "hist_quantile_95":
+				timeAgg, spaceAgg, reduceTo = "", "p95", "avg"
+			case "hist_quantile_99":
+				timeAgg, spaceAgg, reduceTo = "", "p99", "avg"
+			case "rate":
+				timeAgg, spaceAgg, reduceTo = "rate", "sum", "sum"
+			case "p99", "p90", "p75", "p50", "p25", "p20", "p10", "p05":
+				mc.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "found invalid config")
+				timeAgg, spaceAgg, reduceTo = "avg", "avg", "avg"
+			case "min":
+				timeAgg, spaceAgg, reduceTo = "min", "min", "min"
+			case "max":
+				timeAgg, spaceAgg, reduceTo = "max", "max", "max"
+			case "avg":
+				timeAgg, spaceAgg, reduceTo = "avg", "avg", "avg"
+			case "sum":
+				timeAgg, spaceAgg, reduceTo = "sum", "sum", "sum"
+			case "count":
+				timeAgg, spaceAgg, reduceTo = "count", "sum", "sum"
+			case "count_distinct":
+				timeAgg, spaceAgg, reduceTo = "count_distinct", "sum", "sum"
+			case "noop":
+				mc.logger.WarnContext(ctx, "noop found in the aggregation data")
+				timeAgg, spaceAgg, reduceTo = "max", "max", "max"
+			}
+			aggregation = map[string]any{
+				"metricName":       aggregateAttr["key"],
+				"temporality":      queryData["temporality"],
+				"timeAggregation":  timeAgg,
+				"spaceAggregation": spaceAgg,
+			}
+			if widgetType == "table" {
+				aggregation["reduceTo"] = reduceTo
+			} else if reduceTo, ok := queryData["reduceTo"].(string); ok {
+				aggregation["reduceTo"] = reduceTo
+			}
+		}
+	case "logs", "traces":
+		aggregation = map[string]any{"expression": mc.buildAggregationExpression(aggregateOp, aggregateAttr)}
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+
+	queryData["aggregations"] = []any{aggregation}
+	return true
+}
+
+// orderByIsPreV5 reports whether an orderBy slice is still in the v4 shape (an
+// entry carries "columnName"); a v5 orderBy uses {key:{name}, direction}.
+func orderByIsPreV5(orderBy []any) bool {
+	for _, o := range orderBy {
+		if m, ok := o.(map[string]any); ok {
+			if _, has := m["columnName"]; has {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// functionsArePreV5 reports whether a functions slice is still in the v4 shape
+// (args are raw values); a v5 function's args are {name,value} objects.
+func functionsArePreV5(functions []any) bool {
+	for _, f := range functions {
+		if m, ok := f.(map[string]any); ok {
+			args, ok := m["args"].([]any)
+			if !ok || len(args) == 0 {
+				continue
+			}
+			_, argIsObject := args[0].(map[string]any)
+			return !argIsObject
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}

pkg/types/dashboardtypes/dashboard.go

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/transition"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/querybuildertypes/querybuildertypesv5"
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/valuer"
@@ -22,6 +21,7 @@ var (
 	ErrCodeDashboardInvalidSource      = errors.MustNewCode("dashboard_invalid_source")
 	ErrCodeDashboardImmutable          = errors.MustNewCode("dashboard_immutable")
 	ErrCodeDashboardInvalidPatch       = errors.MustNewCode("dashboard_invalid_patch")
+	ErrCodeDashboardMigrationFailed    = errors.MustNewCode("dashboard_migration_failed")
 )
 
 type StorableDashboard struct {
@@ -413,27 +413,26 @@ func (dashboard *Dashboard) GetWidgetQuery(startTime, endTime, widgetIndex uint6
 	widgetData := data.Widgets[widgetIndex]
 	switch widgetData.Query.QueryType {
 	case "builder":
-		migrate := transition.NewMigrateCommon(logger)
 		for _, query := range widgetData.Query.Builder.QueryData {
 			queryName, ok := query["queryName"].(string)
 			if !ok {
 				return nil, errors.New(errors.TypeInvalidInput, ErrCodeDashboardInvalidWidgetQuery, "cannot type cast query name as string")
 			}
-			compositeQueries = append(compositeQueries, migrate.WrapInV5Envelope(queryName, query, "builder_query"))
+			compositeQueries = append(compositeQueries, querybuildertypesv5.WrapInV5Envelope(queryName, query, "builder_query"))
 		}
 		for _, query := range widgetData.Query.Builder.QueryFormulas {
 			queryName, ok := query["queryName"].(string)
 			if !ok {
 				return nil, errors.New(errors.TypeInvalidInput, ErrCodeDashboardInvalidWidgetQuery, "cannot type cast query name as string")
 			}
-			compositeQueries = append(compositeQueries, migrate.WrapInV5Envelope(queryName, query, "builder_formula"))
+			compositeQueries = append(compositeQueries, querybuildertypesv5.WrapInV5Envelope(queryName, query, "builder_formula"))
 		}
 		for _, query := range widgetData.Query.Builder.QueryTraceOperator {
 			queryName, ok := query["queryName"].(string)
 			if !ok {
 				return nil, errors.New(errors.TypeInvalidInput, ErrCodeDashboardInvalidWidgetQuery, "cannot type cast query name as string")
 			}
-			compositeQueries = append(compositeQueries, migrate.WrapInV5Envelope(queryName, query, "builder_trace_operator"))
+			compositeQueries = append(compositeQueries, querybuildertypesv5.WrapInV5Envelope(queryName, query, "builder_trace_operator"))
 		}
 	case "clickhouse_sql":
 		for _, query := range widgetData.Query.ClickhouseSQL {

pkg/types/dashboardtypes/perses_dashboard_data.go

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ func (d *DashboardSpec) validatePanels() error {
 		}
 		panelKind := panel.Spec.Plugin.Kind
 		if len(panel.Spec.Queries) != 1 {
-			return errors.NewInvalidInputf(ErrCodeDashboardInvalidInput, "%s.spec.queries: panel must have one query", path)
+			return errors.NewInvalidInputf(ErrCodeDashboardInvalidInput, "%s.spec.queries: panel must have one query, found %d", path, len(panel.Spec.Queries))
 		}
 		allowed := allowedQueryKinds[panelKind]
 		for qi, q := range panel.Spec.Queries {
@@ -269,8 +269,8 @@ func (d *DashboardSpec) validateLayouts() error {
 			return errors.NewInternalf(errors.CodeInternal, "spec.layouts[%d].spec: unexpected layout spec type %T", li, layout.Spec)
 		}
 		if grid.Display != nil {
-			if n := utf8.RuneCountInString(grid.Display.Title); n > MaxDisplayNameLen {
-				return errors.NewInvalidInputf(ErrCodeDashboardInvalidInput, "spec.layouts[%d].spec.display.title: layout name must be at most %d characters, got %d", li, MaxDisplayNameLen, n)
+			if n := utf8.RuneCountInString(grid.Display.Title); n > MaxLayoutTitleLen {
+				return errors.NewInvalidInputf(ErrCodeDashboardInvalidInput, "spec.layouts[%d].spec.display.title: layout name must be at most %d characters, got %d", li, MaxLayoutTitleLen, n)
 			}
 		}
 		if err := validateGridLayoutGeometry(grid, li); err != nil {

pkg/types/dashboardtypes/perses_dashboard_test.go

@@ -1059,6 +1059,34 @@ func TestValidateRequiredFields(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// TestThresholdZeroValueAcceptedMissingRejected documents the *float64 Value:
+// a threshold at 0 (or 0.0) is valid, because the pointer lets validate:"required"
+// tell a present zero (non-nil) from an absent value (nil) — while a genuinely
+// missing value is still rejected.
+func TestThresholdZeroValueAcceptedMissingRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	numberPanel := func(thresholdSpec string) string {
+		return `{
+			"panels": {"p1": {"kind": "Panel", "spec": {
+				"plugin": {"kind": "signoz/NumberPanel", "spec": {"thresholds": [` + thresholdSpec + `]}},
+				"queries": [{"kind": "time_series", "spec": {"plugin": {"kind": "signoz/PromQLQuery", "spec": {"name": "A", "query": "up"}}}}]
+			}}},
+			"layouts": []
+		}`
+	}
+
+	_, errZero := unmarshalDashboard([]byte(numberPanel(`{"value": 0, "operator": "above", "format": "text", "color": "Red"}`)))
+	require.NoError(t, errZero, `a threshold "value": 0 is valid`)
+
+	// "value": 0.0 is the same float64 zero as "value": 0 — JSON has one number
+	// type — and is accepted identically.
+	_, errZeroFloat := unmarshalDashboard([]byte(numberPanel(`{"value": 0.0, "operator": "above", "format": "text", "color": "Red"}`)))
+	require.NoError(t, errZeroFloat, `"value": 0.0 is the same valid zero`)
+
+	_, errMissing := unmarshalDashboard([]byte(numberPanel(`{"operator": "above", "format": "text", "color": "Red"}`)))
+	require.Error(t, errMissing, "a genuinely missing value is still rejected")
+	require.Contains(t, errMissing.Error(), "Value")
+}
+
 func TestTimeSeriesPanelDefaults(t *testing.T) {
 	data := []byte(`{
 		"panels": {
@@ -1641,55 +1669,61 @@ func TestInvalidateDuplicatePanelReference(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "spec.layouts[0].spec.items[1].content")
 }
 
-// Every display name — dashboard, panel, variable — and the grid layout title is
-// bounded at MaxDisplayNameLen. The name is one over the limit in each case, and
-// the message reads "<json path>: <field> name must be at most ...", pairing the
-// locatable path (like the other spec errors) with a human field label.
+// Every display name — dashboard, panel, variable — is bounded at MaxDisplayNameLen,
+// while the grid layout title has its own, larger bound (MaxLayoutTitleLen). The name
+// is one over the relevant limit in each case, and the message reads "<json path>:
+// <field> name must be at most ...", pairing the locatable path (like the other spec
+// errors) with a human field label.
 func TestInvalidateDisplayNameTooLong(t *testing.T) {
-	tooLong := strings.Repeat("x", MaxDisplayNameLen+1)
-	lengthMsg := fmt.Sprintf("must be at most %d characters, got %d", MaxDisplayNameLen, MaxDisplayNameLen+1)
-
 	testCases := []struct {
-		scenario      string
-		dashboardJSON string
-		expectedPath  string
-		expectedLabel string
+		scenario         string
+		limit            int
+		dashboardJSONFmt string
+		expectedPath     string
+		expectedLabel    string
 	}{
 		{
-			scenario:      "dashboard display name",
-			dashboardJSON: `{"display": {"name": "` + tooLong + `"}, "layouts": []}`,
-			expectedLabel: "dashboard",
-			expectedPath:  "spec.display.name",
+			scenario:         "dashboard display name",
+			limit:            MaxDisplayNameLen,
+			dashboardJSONFmt: `{"display": {"name": "%s"}, "layouts": []}`,
+			expectedLabel:    "dashboard",
+			expectedPath:     "spec.display.name",
 		},
 		{
-			scenario:      "panel display name",
-			dashboardJSON: `{"panels": {"p1": {"kind": "Panel", "spec": {"display": {"name": "` + tooLong + `"}, "plugin": {"kind": "signoz/TablePanel", "spec": {}}, "queries": []}}}, "layouts": []}`,
-			expectedLabel: "panel",
-			expectedPath:  "spec.panels.p1.spec.display.name",
+			scenario:         "panel display name",
+			limit:            MaxDisplayNameLen,
+			dashboardJSONFmt: `{"panels": {"p1": {"kind": "Panel", "spec": {"display": {"name": "%s"}, "plugin": {"kind": "signoz/TablePanel", "spec": {}}, "queries": []}}}, "layouts": []}`,
+			expectedLabel:    "panel",
+			expectedPath:     "spec.panels.p1.spec.display.name",
 		},
 		{
-			scenario:      "list variable display name",
-			dashboardJSON: `{"variables": [{"kind": "ListVariable", "spec": {"name": "svc", "display": {"name": "` + tooLong + `"}, "plugin": {"kind": "signoz/DynamicVariable", "spec": {"name": "service.name", "signal": "metrics"}}}}], "layouts": []}`,
-			expectedLabel: "variable",
-			expectedPath:  "spec.variables[0].spec.display.name",
+			scenario:         "list variable display name",
+			limit:            MaxDisplayNameLen,
+			dashboardJSONFmt: `{"variables": [{"kind": "ListVariable", "spec": {"name": "svc", "display": {"name": "%s"}, "plugin": {"kind": "signoz/DynamicVariable", "spec": {"name": "service.name", "signal": "metrics"}}}}], "layouts": []}`,
+			expectedLabel:    "variable",
+			expectedPath:     "spec.variables[0].spec.display.name",
 		},
 		{
-			scenario:      "text variable display name",
-			dashboardJSON: `{"variables": [{"kind": "TextVariable", "spec": {"name": "mytext", "value": "v", "display": {"name": "` + tooLong + `"}}}], "layouts": []}`,
-			expectedLabel: "variable",
-			expectedPath:  "spec.variables[0].spec.display.name",
+			scenario:         "text variable display name",
+			limit:            MaxDisplayNameLen,
+			dashboardJSONFmt: `{"variables": [{"kind": "TextVariable", "spec": {"name": "mytext", "value": "v", "display": {"name": "%s"}}}], "layouts": []}`,
+			expectedLabel:    "variable",
+			expectedPath:     "spec.variables[0].spec.display.name",
 		},
 		{
-			scenario:      "layout title",
-			dashboardJSON: `{"layouts": [{"kind": "Grid", "spec": {"display": {"title": "` + tooLong + `"}, "items": []}}]}`,
-			expectedLabel: "layout",
-			expectedPath:  "spec.layouts[0].spec.display.title",
+			scenario:         "layout title",
+			limit:            MaxLayoutTitleLen,
+			dashboardJSONFmt: `{"layouts": [{"kind": "Grid", "spec": {"display": {"title": "%s"}, "items": []}}]}`,
+			expectedLabel:    "layout",
+			expectedPath:     "spec.layouts[0].spec.display.title",
 		},
 	}
 
 	for _, testCase := range testCases {
 		t.Run(testCase.scenario, func(t *testing.T) {
-			_, err := unmarshalDashboard([]byte(testCase.dashboardJSON))
+			tooLong := strings.Repeat("x", testCase.limit+1)
+			lengthMsg := fmt.Sprintf("must be at most %d characters, got %d", testCase.limit, testCase.limit+1)
+			_, err := unmarshalDashboard([]byte(fmt.Sprintf(testCase.dashboardJSONFmt, tooLong)))
 			require.Error(t, err)
 			// Message is "<path>: <label> name must be at most N characters, got M".
 			want := testCase.expectedPath + ": " + testCase.expectedLabel + " name " + lengthMsg

pkg/types/dashboardtypes/perses_replicas.go

@@ -16,10 +16,14 @@ import (
 	"github.com/swaggest/jsonschema-go"
 )
 
-// MaxDisplayNameLen bounds every human-readable display name — dashboard, panel,
-// and variable display names, plus the grid layout title.
+// MaxDisplayNameLen bounds the human-readable display names — dashboard, panel,
+// and variable. The grid layout title has its own, larger bound (MaxLayoutTitleLen).
 const MaxDisplayNameLen = 128
 
+// MaxLayoutTitleLen bounds a grid layout title. It is larger than MaxDisplayNameLen
+// because v1 section (row) titles ran longer.
+const MaxLayoutTitleLen = 256
+
 type Display struct {
 	Name        string `json:"name" required:"true"`
 	Description string `json:"description,omitempty"`

pkg/types/dashboardtypes/perses_signoz_plugins.go

@@ -252,14 +252,20 @@ type Legend struct {
 }
 
 type ThresholdWithLabel struct {
-	Value float64 `json:"value" validate:"required" required:"true"`
-	Unit  string  `json:"unit"`
-	Color string  `json:"color" validate:"required" required:"true"`
-	Label string  `json:"label"`
+	// Value is a pointer so a threshold at 0 is valid: validate:"required" treats
+	// the float64 zero as "missing", but a non-nil *float64 to 0 passes (and nil
+	// still fails, so a genuinely absent value is still rejected). nullable:"false"
+	// keeps it a plain required number in the schema — it is never null in valid
+	// data (validation rejects nil), so the pointer must not leak as `number|null`.
+	Value *float64 `json:"value" validate:"required" required:"true" nullable:"false"`
+	Unit  string   `json:"unit"`
+	Color string   `json:"color" validate:"required" required:"true"`
+	Label string   `json:"label"`
 }
 
 type ComparisonThreshold struct {
-	Value    float64            `json:"value" validate:"required" required:"true"`
+	// Value is a pointer so a threshold at 0 is valid (see ThresholdWithLabel.Value).
+	Value    *float64           `json:"value" validate:"required" required:"true" nullable:"false"`
 	Operator ComparisonOperator `json:"operator"`
 	Unit     string             `json:"unit"`
 	Color    string             `json:"color" validate:"required" required:"true"`

pkg/types/dashboardtypes/perses_v1_to_v2.go

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+package dashboardtypes
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/errors"
+)
+
+// V1 → V2 migration. The v1 storable shape is the frontend's `DashboardData`
+// (see frontend/src/types/api/dashboard/getAll.ts); v2 is DashboardV2 /
+// DashboardSpec.
+//
+// Assumes the v1 widget query data has already been migrated to v5 shape
+// (transition.dashboardMigrateV5). Pre-v5 builder queries will produce
+// invalid v2 envelopes — run the v4→v5 migration first.
+//
+// The conversion is split across sibling files by concern:
+//   - perses_v1_to_v2_tags.go      tags
+//   - perses_v1_to_v2_panels.go    widgets → panels (+ panel field mappers)
+//   - perses_v1_to_v2_queries.go   widget queries
+//   - perses_v1_to_v2_layouts.go   grid layouts and sections
+//   - perses_v1_to_v2_variables.go variables
+//   - perses_v1_to_v2_decoder.go   v1Decoder: typed field reads + malformed-field detection
+
+// ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+// Entry point
+// ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+func (storable StorableDashboard) IsV2() bool {
+	metadata, _ := storable.Data["metadata"].(map[string]any)
+	if metadata == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	version, _ := metadata["schemaVersion"].(string)
+	return version == SchemaVersion
+}
+
+func (storable StorableDashboard) ConvertV1ToV2() (result *DashboardV2, err error) {
+	// Legacy v1 data can be arbitrarily malformed. The accessors degrade
+	// gracefully, but recover from any unforeseen panic so one bad dashboard
+	// surfaces as an error (to be logged and skipped) rather than crashing the run.
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			result, err = nil, errors.Newf(errors.TypeInternal, ErrCodeDashboardMigrationFailed, "panic converting dashboard %s: %v", storable.ID, r)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if storable.IsV2() {
+		return nil, errors.Newf(errors.TypeInvalidInput, ErrCodeDashboardMigrationFailed, "dashboard %s is already in %s schema", storable.ID, SchemaVersion)
+	}
+
+	d := &v1Decoder{}
+	title := d.readString(storable.Data, "title")
+	description := d.readString(storable.Data, "description")
+	image := d.readString(storable.Data, "image")
+
+	sanitizeWidgetIDs(storable.Data)
+	panels := d.convertV1Panels(retainPlacedWidgets(storable.Data))
+	spec := DashboardSpec{
+		Display:   Display{Name: clipName(title, MaxDisplayNameLen), Description: description},
+		Variables: d.convertV1Variables(storable.Data["variables"]),
+		Panels:    panels,
+		Layouts:   d.convertV1Layouts(storable.Data, panels),
+	}
+
+	// marshal and unmarshal cycle to confirm full validation
+	raw, marshalErr := json.Marshal(spec)
+	if marshalErr != nil {
+		return nil, errors.WrapInternalf(marshalErr, errors.CodeInternal, "marshal converted dashboard %s", storable.ID)
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, new(DashboardSpec)); err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.WrapInvalidInputf(err, ErrCodeDashboardMigrationFailed, "converted dashboard %s is invalid", storable.ID)
+	}
+	tags := d.convertV1TagsForOrg(storable.OrgID, storable.Data["tags"])
+
+	if err := d.errIfHasMalformedFields(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &DashboardV2{
+		Identifiable:  storable.Identifiable,
+		TimeAuditable: storable.TimeAuditable,
+		UserAuditable: storable.UserAuditable,
+		OrgID:         storable.OrgID,
+		Locked:        storable.Locked,
+		Source:        storable.Source,
+		DashboardV2MetadataBase: DashboardV2MetadataBase{
+			SchemaVersion: SchemaVersion,
+			Image:         image,
+		},
+		Name: generateDashboardName(title),
+		Tags: tags,
+		Spec: spec,
+	}, nil
+}

pkg/types/dashboardtypes/perses_v1_to_v2_decoder.go

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+package dashboardtypes
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/errors"
+)
+
+// ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+// v1 decoder
+// ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+// v1Decoder reads fields out of the untyped v1 dashboard blob. Every read*
+// method follows the same contract: a field that is absent or null yields the
+// zero value; a field present with the wrong type yields zero AND records a
+// malformed-field error. Conversion proceeds (so one bad field doesn't abort
+// the rest) and ConvertV1ToV2 returns d.malformedFieldsErr() at the end so the
+// dashboard is logged and skipped.
+//
+// Polymorphic v1 fields (spanGaps bool|number, selectedValue string|array, …)
+// are read with a type switch on the already-extracted value, never through
+// these accessors, so they stay lenient by construction.
+type v1Decoder struct {
+	bad  []string
+	seen map[string]struct{}
+}
+
+// note records a decoding problem (malformed field, unknown value, swallowed
+// sub-parse error), deduping identical messages. ConvertV1ToV2 surfaces these
+// via errIfHasMalformedFields.
+func (d *v1Decoder) note(format string, args ...any) {
+	msg := fmt.Sprintf(format, args...)
+	if _, dup := d.seen[msg]; dup {
+		return
+	}
+	if d.seen == nil {
+		d.seen = make(map[string]struct{})
+	}
+	d.seen[msg] = struct{}{}
+	d.bad = append(d.bad, msg)
+}
+
+// noteMalformedField records a v1 field present with the wrong Go type.
+func (d *v1Decoder) noteMalformedField(field string, raw any) {
+	d.note("%q has unexpected type %T", field, raw)
+}
+
+// detailErr renders an error for a diagnostic note, unfolding the structured
+// detail our JSON binding attaches via WithAdditional. A plain %v on these
+// errors prints only the innermost message ("request body contains invalid
+// field value") and drops the field/type context that says which field was
+// wrong — the part that actually tells you what to fix.
+func detailErr(err error) string {
+	if err == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	j := errors.AsJSON(err)
+	if len(j.Errors) == 0 {
+		return err.Error()
+	}
+	details := make([]string, 0, len(j.Errors))
+	for _, e := range j.Errors {
+		details = append(details, e.Message)
+	}
+	return j.Message + ": " + strings.Join(details, "; ")
+}
+
+func (d *v1Decoder) errIfHasMalformedFields() error {
+	if len(d.bad) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// One field per line: these lists run long (a bad widget query is reported
+	// once per widget), and a single "; "-joined line is an unscannable wall.
+	return errors.Newf(errors.TypeInvalidInput, ErrCodeDashboardInvalidData, "malformed v1 dashboard fields:\n  %s", strings.Join(d.bad, "\n  "))
+}
+
+func readField[T any](d *v1Decoder, m map[string]any, key string) T {
+	var zero T
+	v, present := m[key]
+	if !present || v == nil {
+		return zero
+	}
+	t, ok := v.(T)
+	if !ok {
+		d.noteMalformedField(key, v)
+		return zero
+	}
+	return t
+}
+
+func (d *v1Decoder) readString(m map[string]any, key string) string {
+	return readField[string](d, m, key)
+}
+func (d *v1Decoder) readFloat(m map[string]any, key string) float64 {
+	v, present := m[key]
+	if !present || v == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	f, ok := coerceFloat(v)
+	if !ok {
+		d.noteMalformedField(key, v)
+		return 0
+	}
+	return f
+}
+
+// coerceFloat accepts a JSON number or a numeric string (v1 sometimes stores
+// numbers like softMin as quoted strings). A blank string is "unset", not a
+// number, so it fails to coerce.
+func coerceFloat(v any) (float64, bool) {
+	switch n := v.(type) {
+	case float64:
+		return n, true
+	case string:
+		f, err := strconv.ParseFloat(strings.TrimSpace(n), 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, false
+		}
+		return f, true
+	}
+	return 0, false
+}
+func (d *v1Decoder) readBool(m map[string]any, key string) bool   { return readField[bool](d, m, key) }
+func (d *v1Decoder) readArray(m map[string]any, key string) []any { return readField[[]any](d, m, key) }
+func (d *v1Decoder) readObject(m map[string]any, key string) map[string]any {
+	return readField[map[string]any](d, m, key)
+}
+
+// readInt narrows a numeric field to int (JSON numbers decode as float64).
+func (d *v1Decoder) readInt(m map[string]any, key string) int { return int(d.readFloat(m, key)) }
+
+func (d *v1Decoder) readFloatPtr(m map[string]any, key string) *float64 {
+	v, present := m[key]
+	if !present || v == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// A blank string means "unset" (v1's empty softMin/softMax), not malformed.
+	if s, ok := v.(string); ok && strings.TrimSpace(s) == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	f, ok := coerceFloat(v)
+	if !ok {
+		d.noteMalformedField(key, v)
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &f
+}
+
+// clipName truncates s to at most limit runes so a v1 name over a v2 length bound
+// (MaxDisplayNameLen / MaxLayoutTitleLen) is shortened rather than failing migration.
+func clipName(s string, limit int) string {
+	r := []rune(s)
+	if len(r) <= limit {
+		return s
+	}
+	return string(r[:limit])
+}
+
+func (d *v1Decoder) readStringMap(m map[string]any, key string) map[string]string {
+	// An empty list is a stand-in for an empty map here; tolerate it silently
+	// rather than flagging the wrong-type as malformed.
+	if s, ok := m[key].([]any); ok && len(s) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	raw := d.readObject(m, key)
+	if len(raw) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make(map[string]string, len(raw))
+	for k, v := range raw {
+		s, ok := v.(string)
+		if !ok {
+			d.noteMalformedField(key+"."+k, v)
+			continue
+		}
+		out[k] = s
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (d *v1Decoder) readObjects(m map[string]any, key string) []map[string]any {
+	raw := d.readArray(m, key)
+	if len(raw) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]map[string]any, 0, len(raw))
+	for i, item := range raw {
+		obj, ok := item.(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			d.noteMalformedField(fmt.Sprintf("%s[%d]", key, i), item)
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, obj)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// decodeMapInto converts an untyped map[string]any into a typed T by
+// round-tripping through JSON, letting encoding/json (struct tags, custom
+// UnmarshalJSON) do the field mapping instead of hand-copying out of the map.
+func decodeMapInto[T any](src map[string]any) (T, error) {
+	var dst T
+	bytes, err := json.Marshal(src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return dst, err
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(bytes, &dst); err != nil {
+		return dst, err
+	}
+	return dst, nil
+}

pkg/types/dashboardtypes/perses_v1_to_v2_layouts.go

@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+package dashboardtypes
+
+import (
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/perses/spec/go/common"
+	"github.com/perses/spec/go/dashboard"
+)
+
+// panelRefPrefix is the JSON-ref prefix a grid item uses to point at a panel:
+// "#/spec/panels/<id>".
+const panelRefPrefix = "#/spec/panels/"
+
+// sanitizePanelID rewrites a widget id to something valid in a panel $ref. Perses
+// accepts only [a-zA-Z0-9_-] per ref segment (common.jsonRefMatching), so every
+// other rune (em dash, spaces, dots, unicode, …) is mapped to a hyphen.
+func sanitizePanelID(id string) string {
+	return strings.Map(func(r rune) rune {
+		switch {
+		case r >= 'a' && r <= 'z', r >= 'A' && r <= 'Z', r >= '0' && r <= '9', r == '_', r == '-':
+			return r
+		default:
+			return '-'
+		}
+	}, id)
+}
+
+// sanitizeWidgetIDs rewrites every widget id in the raw v1 data — widgets[].id,
+// layout[].i, panelMap keys and their widgets[].i — through sanitizePanelID, so a
+// panel's map key and the layout $ref pointing at it stay identical (an illegal char
+// in one but not the other would dangle the ref). Runs before panels/layouts build.
+func sanitizeWidgetIDs(data StorableDashboardData) {
+	sanitizeField := func(raw any, field string) {
+		items, _ := raw.([]any)
+		for _, it := range items {
+			if m, ok := it.(map[string]any); ok {
+				if s, ok := m[field].(string); ok {
+					m[field] = sanitizePanelID(s)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	sanitizeField(data["widgets"], "id")
+	sanitizeField(data["layout"], "i")
+	if panelMap, ok := data["panelMap"].(map[string]any); ok {
+		for key, v := range panelMap {
+			if s := sanitizePanelID(key); s != key {
+				panelMap[s] = v
+				delete(panelMap, key)
+			}
+			if m, ok := v.(map[string]any); ok {
+				sanitizeField(m["widgets"], "i")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+// Layouts (data.layout + data.panelMap)
+// ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+// convertV1Layouts groups v1 react-grid-layout entries into v2 grid layouts.
+// Membership is positional (as the frontend renders): each row widget owns the
+// panels below it until the next row; panels above the first row form an unnamed
+// grid with no section header. Collapsed rows are the exception — their children
+// live in panelMap[rowID].widgets, not `layout`.
+func (d *v1Decoder) convertV1Layouts(data StorableDashboardData, panels map[string]*Panel) []Layout {
+	layout := d.readObjects(data, "layout")
+	if len(layout) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// react-grid-layout can persist the same widget id more than once. Drop the
+	// duplicates, mirroring the frontend's getUpdatedLayout: keep the first
+	// occurrence in stored order and discard the rest (the losing entry's
+	// geometry is thrown away, not merged). Dedupe here, before sortByPosition,
+	// so "first" means first-in-stored-order as the frontend sees it — not
+	// topmost. Entries with no id are left for the main loop to drop.
+	seenWidgetIds := make(map[string]bool, len(layout))
+	dedupedLayouts := layout[:0]
+	for _, item := range layout {
+		if id := d.readString(item, "i"); id != "" {
+			if seenWidgetIds[id] {
+				continue
+			}
+			seenWidgetIds[id] = true
+		}
+		dedupedLayouts = append(dedupedLayouts, item)
+	}
+	layout = dedupedLayouts
+
+	rows := d.extractRowsAndCollapsedWidgets(data)
+
+	// Skip collapsed-row children a malformed dashboard lists in `layout` too.
+	isWidgetCollapsed := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, row := range rows {
+		for _, child := range row.collapsedWidgets {
+			if id := d.readString(child, "i"); id != "" {
+				isWidgetCollapsed[id] = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	d.sortByPosition(layout)
+
+	type section struct {
+		row   *rowInfo // nil for the unnamed grid of ungrouped panels
+		items []map[string]any
+	}
+	topSectionWithoutHeader := &section{}
+	sectionsWithHeader := make([]*section, 0, len(rows))
+	currentRowHeader := topSectionWithoutHeader
+	for _, item := range layout {
+		id := d.readString(item, "i")
+		if id == "" || isWidgetCollapsed[id] {
+			// widgets in collapsed sectinos will be added when those sections' row widgets are handled.
+			continue
+		}
+		if row, ok := rows[id]; ok {
+			newRowHeader := &section{row: row, items: d.extractValidLayoutItemsForCollapsedSection(row.collapsedWidgets, panels)}
+			sectionsWithHeader = append(sectionsWithHeader, newRowHeader)
+			// A collapsed row owns only its stashed children; later panels → ungrouped.
+			if row.collapsed {
+				currentRowHeader = topSectionWithoutHeader
+			} else {
+				currentRowHeader = newRowHeader
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		// Keep a layout entry only if its widget became a panel; otherwise (skipped
+		// widget, deleted id, or the "__dropping-elem__" drag placeholder) it would
+		// reference a panel that does not exist. Rows are handled above.
+		if _, ok := panels[id]; !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		currentRowHeader.items = append(currentRowHeader.items, item)
+	}
+
+	out := make([]Layout, 0, len(sectionsWithHeader)+1)
+	if len(topSectionWithoutHeader.items) > 0 {
+		out = append(out, d.buildV2GridLayout(nil, topSectionWithoutHeader.items))
+	}
+	for _, sec := range sectionsWithHeader {
+		out = append(out, d.buildV2GridLayout(sec.row, sec.items))
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// retainPlacedWidgets drops widgets the v1 layout never places, returning the
+// filtered widgets. v1 doesn't render an unplaced widget, so converting it — and
+// noting any problems it has — is pure noise; filter before conversion so only
+// rendered widgets reach convertV1Panels. A non-array widgets value is returned
+// untouched for convertV1Panels to flag; non-map entries are kept so it still
+// flags them as malformed.
+func retainPlacedWidgets(data StorableDashboardData) any {
+	widgets, ok := data["widgets"].([]any)
+	if !ok {
+		return data["widgets"]
+	}
+	placed := placedWidgetIDs(data)
+	kept := make([]any, 0, len(widgets))
+	for _, w := range widgets {
+		wm, ok := w.(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			kept = append(kept, w) // malformed entry — leave it for convertV1Panels to note
+			continue
+		}
+		if id, _ := wm["id"].(string); placed[id] {
+			kept = append(kept, w)
+		}
+	}
+	return kept
+}
+
+// placedWidgetIDs returns the set of widget ids the v1 layout actually renders:
+// every id in `layout`, plus the collapsed-row children stashed in panelMap.
+// Read leniently (no malformed notes) — convertV1Layouts re-reads these and
+// reports any genuine problems.
+func placedWidgetIDs(data StorableDashboardData) map[string]bool {
+	ids := make(map[string]bool)
+	if layout, ok := data["layout"].([]any); ok {
+		for _, e := range layout {
+			if m, ok := e.(map[string]any); ok {
+				if i, ok := m["i"].(string); ok && i != "" {
+					ids[i] = true
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if panelMap, ok := data["panelMap"].(map[string]any); ok {
+		for _, v := range panelMap {
+			m, ok := v.(map[string]any)
+			if !ok {
+				continue
+			}
+			widgets, ok := m["widgets"].([]any)
+			if !ok {
+				continue
+			}
+			for _, w := range widgets {
+				if wm, ok := w.(map[string]any); ok {
+					if i, ok := wm["i"].(string); ok && i != "" {
+						ids[i] = true
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return ids
+}
+
+// extractValidLayoutItemsForCollapsedSection keeps only the collapsed-row children
+// backed by a real panel, dropping ghosts. These come from panelMap and skip the
+// main loop's per-item panel check, so a grid never references a missing panel.
+func (d *v1Decoder) extractValidLayoutItemsForCollapsedSection(items []map[string]any, panels map[string]*Panel) []map[string]any {
+	out := make([]map[string]any, 0, len(items))
+	for _, item := range items {
+		if id := d.readString(item, "i"); id != "" {
+			if _, ok := panels[id]; ok {
+				out = append(out, item)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+type rowInfo struct {
+	title            string
+	collapsed        bool
+	collapsedWidgets []map[string]any
+}
+
+// extractRowsAndCollapsedWidgets returns the row widgets keyed by id; collapsed
+// rows also carry their children stashed under panelMap[id].widgets.
+func (d *v1Decoder) extractRowsAndCollapsedWidgets(data StorableDashboardData) map[string]*rowInfo {
+	panelMap := d.readObject(data, "panelMap")
+	rows := make(map[string]*rowInfo)
+	for _, w := range d.readObjects(data, "widgets") {
+		id := d.readString(w, "id")
+		if d.readString(w, "panelTypes") != "row" || id == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		row := &rowInfo{title: d.readString(w, "title")}
+		// Some templates store panelMap[id] as a bare []widgetID instead of the
+		// canonical {widgets, collapsed}. The frontend treats such a non-object
+		// entry as "not collapsed" (see GridCardLayout), so read it leniently: a
+		// non-map yields nil, which reads as not collapsed.
+		pm, _ := panelMap[id].(map[string]any)
+		if d.readBool(pm, "collapsed") {
+			row.collapsed = true
+			row.collapsedWidgets = d.readObjects(pm, "widgets")
+		}
+		rows[id] = row
+	}
+	return rows
+}
+
+// buildV2GridLayout builds one v2 grid. row is nil for the unnamed grid (no
+// display); otherwise the grid takes the row's title and collapse state. Items are
+// sorted by (y, x) then vertically compacted (see compactGridItemsVertically).
+func (d *v1Decoder) buildV2GridLayout(row *rowInfo, items []map[string]any) Layout {
+	d.sortByPosition(items)
+
+	spec := dashboard.GridLayoutSpec{Items: make([]dashboard.GridItem, 0, len(items))}
+	if row != nil {
+		spec.Display = &dashboard.GridLayoutDisplay{
+			Title:    clipName(row.title, MaxLayoutTitleLen),
+			Collapse: &dashboard.GridLayoutCollapse{Open: !row.collapsed},
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, item := range items {
+		spec.Items = append(spec.Items, dashboard.GridItem{
+			X:       d.readInt(item, "x"),
+			Y:       d.readInt(item, "y"),
+			Width:   d.readInt(item, "w"),
+			Height:  d.readInt(item, "h"),
+			Content: &common.JSONRef{Ref: panelRefPrefix + d.readString(item, "i")},
+		})
+	}
+	compactGridItemsVertically(spec.Items)
+	return Layout{Kind: dashboard.KindGridLayout, Spec: &spec}
+}
+
+// compactGridItemsVertically mirrors react-grid-layout's correctBounds+compact
+// (compactType "vertical", allowOverlap false): clamp each item into the grid (x,y>=0;
+// x+width<=cols by shifting left), then move sorted-first items up to fill space and
+// down past collisions. Fixes overlaps, gaps, and out-of-bounds coords so the migrated
+// grid matches the v1 UI and passes v2 validation.
+func compactGridItemsVertically(items []dashboard.GridItem) {
+	collides := func(a, b dashboard.GridItem) bool {
+		return a.X < b.X+b.Width && b.X < a.X+a.Width && a.Y < b.Y+b.Height && b.Y < a.Y+a.Height
+	}
+	firstCollision := func(l dashboard.GridItem, placed []dashboard.GridItem) (dashboard.GridItem, bool) {
+		for _, p := range placed {
+			if collides(l, p) {
+				return p, true
+			}
+		}
+		return dashboard.GridItem{}, false
+	}
+	for i := range items {
+		l := items[i]
+		if l.X+l.Width > gridColumnCount { // overflows right → shift left to fit
+			l.X = gridColumnCount - l.Width
+		}
+		if l.X < 0 {
+			l.X = 0
+		}
+		if l.Y < 0 {
+			l.Y = 0
+		}
+		for l.Y > 0 { // move up to fill space above
+			up := l
+			up.Y--
+			if _, hit := firstCollision(up, items[:i]); hit {
+				break
+			}
+			l.Y--
+		}
+		for { // then down past any collision with an already-placed item
+			c, hit := firstCollision(l, items[:i])
+			if !hit {
+				break
+			}
+			l.Y = c.Y + c.Height
+		}
+		items[i] = l
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *v1Decoder) sortByPosition(items []map[string]any) {
+	sort.SliceStable(items, func(i, j int) bool {
+		if yi, yj := d.readInt(items[i], "y"), d.readInt(items[j], "y"); yi != yj {
+			return yi < yj
+		}
+		return d.readInt(items[i], "x") < d.readInt(items[j], "x")
+	})
+}

pkg/types/dashboardtypes/perses_v1_to_v2_panels.go

@@ -0,0 +1,484 @@
+package dashboardtypes
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/telemetrytypes"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/valuer"
+)
+
+// ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+// Widgets → Panels
+// ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+// convertV1Panels walks the v1 `widgets` array and produces v2 panels keyed by
+// the v1 widget id. WidgetRow entries (panelTypes == "row") are dropped here
+// and consumed by convertV1Layouts as section headers.
+func (d *v1Decoder) convertV1Panels(raw any) map[string]*Panel {
+	if raw == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	widgetsRaw, ok := raw.([]any)
+	if !ok {
+		d.noteMalformedField("widgets", raw)
+		return nil
+	}
+	panels := make(map[string]*Panel, len(widgetsRaw))
+	for i, widgetRaw := range widgetsRaw {
+		widget, ok := widgetRaw.(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			d.noteMalformedField(fmt.Sprintf("widgets[%d]", i), widgetRaw)
+			continue
+		}
+		// A non-string (or missing) id can't be referenced by any layout entry, and
+		// v1 doesn't render such widgets either — skip silently, don't flag it as
+		// malformed. Read directly (not via readString) to avoid a malformed note.
+		id, ok := widget["id"].(string)
+		if !ok || id == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		var panel *Panel
+		panelType := d.readString(widget, "panelTypes")
+		switch panelType {
+		case "graph":
+			panel = d.convertGraphWidget(widget)
+		case "time_series", "TIME_SERIES":
+			// Malformed panelTypes: the canonical v1 value is "graph". Some dashboards
+			// stored the v2/enum-style name instead; accept it as a time-series graph.
+			panel = d.convertGraphWidget(widget)
+		case "bar":
+			panel = d.convertBarWidget(widget)
+		case "value":
+			panel = d.convertValueWidget(widget)
+		case "pie":
+			panel = d.convertPieWidget(widget)
+		case "table":
+			panel = d.convertTableWidget(widget)
+		case "histogram":
+			panel = d.convertHistogramWidget(widget)
+		case "list":
+			panel = d.convertListWidget(widget)
+		case "row":
+			// "row" (section header) is handled by the layout pass;
+			continue
+		default:
+			d.note("widgets[%d] has unknown panel type %q", i, panelType)
+		}
+		if panel == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if len(panel.Spec.Queries) == 0 {
+			d.note("widgets[%d] %q produced no queries; skipping", i, id)
+			continue
+		}
+		// A lone metric query with no aggregation or no metric name can't render (v1)
+		// and fails v2 validation; drop the widget silently, as v1 effectively does.
+		if isUnrenderableMetricQuery(panel) {
+			continue
+		}
+		panels[id] = panel
+	}
+	return panels
+}
+
+func (d *v1Decoder) convertGraphWidget(w map[string]any) *Panel {
+	return &Panel{
+		Kind: "Panel",
+		Spec: PanelSpec{
+			Display: d.widgetDisplay(w),
+			Plugin: PanelPlugin{
+				Kind: PanelKindTimeSeries,
+				Spec: &TimeSeriesPanelSpec{
+					Visualization: TimeSeriesVisualization{
+						BasicVisualization: d.basicVisualization(w),
+						FillSpans:          d.readBool(w, "fillSpans"),
+					},
+					Formatting: d.panelFormatting(w),
+					ChartAppearance: TimeSeriesChartAppearance{
+						LineInterpolation: mapV1Enum(d.readString(w, "lineInterpolation"), LineInterpolationSpline,
+							LineInterpolationLinear, LineInterpolationSpline, LineInterpolationStepAfter, LineInterpolationStepBefore),
+						ShowPoints: d.readBool(w, "showPoints"),
+						LineStyle:  mapV1Enum(d.readString(w, "lineStyle"), LineStyleSolid, LineStyleSolid, LineStyleDashed),
+						FillMode:   mapV1Enum(d.readString(w, "fillMode"), FillModeNone, FillModeSolid, FillModeGradient, FillModeNone),
+						SpanGaps:   mapV1SpanGaps(w["spanGaps"]),
+					},
+					Axes:       d.axesFromWidget(w),
+					Legend:     d.legendFromWidget(w),
+					Thresholds: d.mapV1ThresholdsWithLabel(w),
+				},
+			},
+			Queries: d.convertV1WidgetQuery(w, PanelKindTimeSeries),
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *v1Decoder) convertBarWidget(w map[string]any) *Panel {
+	return &Panel{
+		Kind: "Panel",
+		Spec: PanelSpec{
+			Display: d.widgetDisplay(w),
+			Plugin: PanelPlugin{
+				Kind: PanelKindBarChart,
+				Spec: &BarChartPanelSpec{
+					Visualization: BarChartVisualization{
+						BasicVisualization: d.basicVisualization(w),
+						FillSpans:          d.readBool(w, "fillSpans"),
+						StackedBarChart:    d.readBool(w, "stackedBarChart"),
+					},
+					Formatting: d.panelFormatting(w),
+					Axes:       d.axesFromWidget(w),
+					Legend:     d.legendFromWidget(w),
+					Thresholds: d.mapV1ThresholdsWithLabel(w),
+				},
+			},
+			Queries: d.convertV1WidgetQuery(w, PanelKindBarChart),
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *v1Decoder) convertValueWidget(w map[string]any) *Panel {
+	return &Panel{
+		Kind: "Panel",
+		Spec: PanelSpec{
+			Display: d.widgetDisplay(w),
+			Plugin: PanelPlugin{
+				Kind: PanelKindNumber,
+				Spec: &NumberPanelSpec{
+					Visualization: d.basicVisualization(w),
+					Formatting:    d.panelFormatting(w),
+					Thresholds:    d.mapV1ComparisonThresholds(w),
+				},
+			},
+			Queries: d.convertV1WidgetQuery(w, PanelKindNumber),
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *v1Decoder) convertPieWidget(w map[string]any) *Panel {
+	return &Panel{
+		Kind: "Panel",
+		Spec: PanelSpec{
+			Display: d.widgetDisplay(w),
+			Plugin: PanelPlugin{
+				Kind: PanelKindPieChart,
+				Spec: &PieChartPanelSpec{
+					Visualization: d.basicVisualization(w),
+					Formatting:    d.panelFormatting(w),
+					Legend:        d.legendFromWidget(w),
+				},
+			},
+			Queries: d.convertV1WidgetQuery(w, PanelKindPieChart),
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *v1Decoder) convertTableWidget(w map[string]any) *Panel {
+	return &Panel{
+		Kind: "Panel",
+		Spec: PanelSpec{
+			Display: d.widgetDisplay(w),
+			Plugin: PanelPlugin{
+				Kind: PanelKindTable,
+				Spec: &TablePanelSpec{
+					Visualization: d.basicVisualization(w),
+					Formatting: TableFormatting{
+						ColumnUnits:      d.readStringMap(w, "columnUnits"),
+						DecimalPrecision: mapV1Precision(w["decimalPrecision"]),
+					},
+					Thresholds: d.mapV1TableThresholds(w),
+				},
+			},
+			Queries: d.convertV1WidgetQuery(w, PanelKindTable),
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *v1Decoder) convertHistogramWidget(w map[string]any) *Panel {
+	return &Panel{
+		Kind: "Panel",
+		Spec: PanelSpec{
+			Display: d.widgetDisplay(w),
+			Plugin: PanelPlugin{
+				Kind: PanelKindHistogram,
+				Spec: &HistogramPanelSpec{
+					HistogramBuckets: HistogramBuckets{
+						BucketCount:           d.readFloatPtr(w, "bucketCount"),
+						BucketWidth:           d.readFloatPtr(w, "bucketWidth"),
+						MergeAllActiveQueries: d.readBool(w, "mergeAllActiveQueries"),
+					},
+					Legend: d.legendFromWidget(w),
+				},
+			},
+			Queries: d.convertV1WidgetQuery(w, PanelKindHistogram),
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *v1Decoder) convertListWidget(w map[string]any) *Panel {
+	return &Panel{
+		Kind: "Panel",
+		Spec: PanelSpec{
+			Display: d.widgetDisplay(w),
+			Plugin: PanelPlugin{
+				Kind: PanelKindList,
+				Spec: &ListPanelSpec{
+					SelectFields: d.mapV1SelectFields(w),
+				},
+			},
+			Queries: d.convertV1WidgetQuery(w, PanelKindList),
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+// Panel-spec shared helpers
+// ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+func (d *v1Decoder) widgetDisplay(w map[string]any) Display {
+	return Display{Name: clipName(d.readString(w, "title"), MaxDisplayNameLen), Description: d.readString(w, "description")}
+}
+
+func (d *v1Decoder) basicVisualization(w map[string]any) BasicVisualization {
+	return BasicVisualization{TimePreference: mapV1TimePreference(d.readString(w, "timePreferance"))}
+}
+
+func (d *v1Decoder) panelFormatting(w map[string]any) PanelFormatting {
+	return PanelFormatting{Unit: d.readString(w, "yAxisUnit"), DecimalPrecision: mapV1Precision(w["decimalPrecision"])}
+}
+
+func (d *v1Decoder) axesFromWidget(w map[string]any) Axes {
+	return Axes{
+		SoftMin:    d.readFloatPtr(w, "softMin"),
+		SoftMax:    d.readFloatPtr(w, "softMax"),
+		IsLogScale: d.readBool(w, "isLogScale"),
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *v1Decoder) legendFromWidget(w map[string]any) Legend {
+	return Legend{
+		Position:     mapV1Enum(d.readString(w, "legendPosition"), LegendPositionBottom, LegendPositionBottom, LegendPositionRight),
+		CustomColors: d.readStringMap(w, "customLegendColors"),
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *v1Decoder) mapV1SelectFields(w map[string]any) []telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey {
+	field := "selectedLogFields"
+	raw := d.readArray(w, field)
+	if len(raw) == 0 {
+		field = "selectedTracesFields"
+		raw = d.readArray(w, field)
+	}
+	if len(raw) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	normalizePreV5FieldKeys(raw)
+	fields, err := decodeTelemetryFields(raw)
+	if err != nil {
+		d.note("widget %q has malformed %s: %v", d.readString(w, "id"), field, err)
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Drop nameless entries (blank column rows) — v2 requires a name, and the v1
+	// UI renders nothing for them anyway.
+	out := fields[:0]
+	for _, f := range fields {
+		if f.Name != "" {
+			out = append(out, f)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func decodeTelemetryFields(raw []any) ([]telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey, error) {
+	bytes, err := json.Marshal(raw)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var fields []telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(bytes, &fields); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return fields, nil
+}
+
+// ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+// Panel field mappers
+// ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+// v1 stores timePreferance as `GLOBAL_TIME`, `LAST_5_MIN`, … (see
+// frontend/src/container/NewWidget/RightContainer/timeItems.ts). v2 uses the
+// lowercase form, so the translation is just downcase.
+func mapV1TimePreference(s string) TimePreference {
+	if s == "" {
+		return TimePreferenceGlobalTime
+	}
+	candidate := TimePreference{valuer.NewString(strings.ToLower(s))}
+	for _, allowed := range candidate.Enum() {
+		if allowed == candidate {
+			return candidate
+		}
+	}
+	return TimePreferenceGlobalTime
+}
+
+// mapV1Precision is polymorphic (string|number), so it type-switches the raw
+// value rather than reading through a typed accessor.
+func mapV1Precision(raw any) PrecisionOption {
+	switch v := raw.(type) {
+	case string:
+		candidate := PrecisionOption{valuer.NewString(v)}
+		for _, allowed := range candidate.Enum() {
+			if allowed == candidate {
+				return candidate
+			}
+		}
+	case float64:
+		n := int(v)
+		if n >= 0 && n <= 4 {
+			return PrecisionOption{valuer.NewString(strconv.Itoa(n))}
+		}
+	}
+	return PrecisionOption2
+}
+
+// mapV1Enum picks the v1 string value if it matches one of the allowed v2
+// values, otherwise returns the fallback. v1 frontend enums (lineInterpolation,
+// lineStyle, fillMode, legendPosition) already use the v2 lowercase form.
+func mapV1Enum[T interface{ StringValue() string }](s string, fallback T, allowed ...T) T {
+	if s == "" {
+		return fallback
+	}
+	for _, a := range allowed {
+		if a.StringValue() == s {
+			return a
+		}
+	}
+	return fallback
+}
+
+// v1 spanGaps is `boolean | number`. true → span every gap; false → never span;
+// a number is interpreted (per frontend SeriesProps.spanGaps docs) as an
+// X-axis threshold in seconds. Polymorphic, so it type-switches the raw value.
+func mapV1SpanGaps(raw any) SpanGaps {
+	switch v := raw.(type) {
+	case bool:
+		return SpanGaps{FillOnlyBelow: false}
+	case float64:
+		return SpanGaps{FillOnlyBelow: true, FillLessThan: time.Duration(v * float64(time.Second)).String()}
+	}
+	return SpanGaps{FillOnlyBelow: false}
+}
+
+func (d *v1Decoder) mapV1ThresholdsWithLabel(w map[string]any) []ThresholdWithLabel {
+	rawSlice := d.readObjects(w, "thresholds")
+	if len(rawSlice) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]ThresholdWithLabel, 0, len(rawSlice))
+	for _, t := range rawSlice {
+		color := d.readString(t, "thresholdColor")
+		label := d.readString(t, "thresholdLabel")
+		if color == "" || label == "" {
+			// v2 ThresholdWithLabel requires both; drop entries that wouldn't validate.
+			continue
+		}
+		value := d.readFloat(t, "thresholdValue")
+		out = append(out, ThresholdWithLabel{Value: &value, Unit: d.readString(t, "thresholdUnit"), Color: color, Label: label})
+	}
+	if len(out) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (d *v1Decoder) mapV1ComparisonThresholds(w map[string]any) []ComparisonThreshold {
+	rawSlice := d.readObjects(w, "thresholds")
+	if len(rawSlice) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]ComparisonThreshold, 0, len(rawSlice))
+	for _, t := range rawSlice {
+		color := d.readString(t, "thresholdColor")
+		if color == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		value := d.readFloat(t, "thresholdValue")
+		out = append(out, ComparisonThreshold{
+			Value:    &value,
+			Operator: d.mapV1ComparisonOperator(d.readString(t, "thresholdOperator")),
+			Unit:     d.readString(t, "thresholdUnit"),
+			Color:    color,
+			Format:   mapV1ThresholdFormat(d.readString(t, "thresholdFormat")),
+		})
+	}
+	if len(out) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (d *v1Decoder) mapV1TableThresholds(w map[string]any) []TableThreshold {
+	rawSlice := d.readObjects(w, "thresholds")
+	if len(rawSlice) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]TableThreshold, 0, len(rawSlice))
+	for _, t := range rawSlice {
+		color := d.readString(t, "thresholdColor")
+		columnName := d.readString(t, "thresholdTableOptions")
+		if color == "" || columnName == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		value := d.readFloat(t, "thresholdValue")
+		out = append(out, TableThreshold{
+			ComparisonThreshold: ComparisonThreshold{
+				Value:    &value,
+				Operator: d.mapV1ComparisonOperator(d.readString(t, "thresholdOperator")),
+				Unit:     d.readString(t, "thresholdUnit"),
+				Color:    color,
+				Format:   mapV1ThresholdFormat(d.readString(t, "thresholdFormat")),
+			},
+			ColumnName: columnName,
+		})
+	}
+	if len(out) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (d *v1Decoder) mapV1ComparisonOperator(s string) ComparisonOperator {
+	switch s {
+	case ">":
+		return ComparisonOperatorAbove
+	case ">=":
+		return ComparisonOperatorAboveOrEqual
+	case "<":
+		return ComparisonOperatorBelow
+	case "<=":
+		return ComparisonOperatorBelowOrEqual
+	case "=":
+		return ComparisonOperatorEqual
+	case "!=":
+		return ComparisonOperatorNotEqual
+	case "":
+		// v1 often leaves the operator empty; default to "above" without flagging.
+		return ComparisonOperatorAbove
+	default:
+		d.note("threshold has unknown comparison operator %q", s)
+		return ComparisonOperatorAbove
+	}
+}
+
+func mapV1ThresholdFormat(s string) ThresholdFormat {
+	switch strings.ToLower(s) {
+	case "background":
+		return ThresholdFormatBackground
+	case "text":
+		return ThresholdFormatText
+	}
+	return ThresholdFormatText
+}

pkg/types/dashboardtypes/perses_v1_to_v2_queries.go

@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+package dashboardtypes
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/errors"
+	qb "github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/querybuildertypes/querybuildertypesv5"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/telemetrytypes"
+)
+
+// ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+// Queries
+// ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+// convertV1WidgetQuery returns exactly one Query (per Spec.Validate). The kind
+// chosen depends on the v1 widget query shape:
+//   - a single query (promql / clickhouse_sql / builder) → its native kind
+//   - multiple queries                                   → signoz/CompositeQuery
+//
+// A single query is never wrapped in a CompositeQuery; in particular List
+// panels accept only a bare signoz/BuilderQuery. Builder queries are routed
+// through qb.WrapInV5Envelope (in collectV1QueryEnvelopes), which translates v4
+// builder-field names (orderBy/selectColumns/dataSource) into their v5
+// equivalents and adds the `signal` field required by BuilderQuerySpec's
+// per-signal dispatch.
+func (d *v1Decoder) convertV1WidgetQuery(widget map[string]any, panelKind PanelPluginKind) []Query {
+	envelopes, signal := d.collectV1QueryEnvelopes(widget, panelKind)
+	if len(envelopes) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// List panels accept only a bare BuilderQuery — never a CompositeQuery. Keep the
+	// first query and drop the rest so a multi-query v1 list widget still migrates.
+	if panelKind == PanelKindList && len(envelopes) > 1 {
+		envelopes = envelopes[:1]
+	}
+	requestType := requestTypeForPanel(panelKind)
+
+	// A single query keeps its native kind — never wrapped in a CompositeQuery.
+	if len(envelopes) == 1 {
+		if q := singleQueryFromEnvelope(envelopes[0], requestType, signal); q != nil {
+			return []Query{*q}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Default: wrap in CompositeQuery.
+	composite, err := parseCompositeFromEnvelopes(envelopes)
+	if err != nil || composite == nil {
+		d.note("widget %q: could not build query from %d envelope(s): %s", d.readString(widget, "id"), len(envelopes), detailErr(err))
+		return nil
+	}
+	return []Query{{
+		Kind: requestType,
+		Spec: QuerySpec{
+			Plugin: QueryPlugin{Kind: QueryKindComposite, Spec: composite},
+		},
+	}}
+}
+
+// isUnrenderableMetricQuery reports whether the panel's only query is a metric
+// builder query that v2 rejects: no aggregations at all ("at least one aggregation
+// is required") or an aggregation with no metric name ("metric name is required").
+// v1 doesn't render either, so the widget is skipped silently.
+func isUnrenderableMetricQuery(panel *Panel) bool {
+	if len(panel.Spec.Queries) != 1 {
+		return false
+	}
+	plugin := panel.Spec.Queries[0].Spec.Plugin
+	if plugin.Kind != QueryKindBuilder {
+		return false
+	}
+	bqs, ok := plugin.Spec.(*BuilderQuerySpec)
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+	mq, ok := bqs.Spec.(qb.QueryBuilderQuery[qb.MetricAggregation])
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+	if len(mq.Aggregations) == 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+	for _, agg := range mq.Aggregations {
+		if agg.MetricName == "" {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// requestTypeForPanel maps a v2 panel plugin kind to the request type (result
+// shape) its queries produce. Mirrors the frontend's panelTypeToRequestType
+// (buildQueryRangeRequest.ts): time series for line/bar/histogram (histogram
+// bins client-side from raw time series, V1 parity), scalar for
+// number/pie/table, raw rows for list.
+func requestTypeForPanel(panelKind PanelPluginKind) qb.RequestType {
+	switch panelKind {
+	case PanelKindTimeSeries, PanelKindBarChart, PanelKindHistogram:
+		return qb.RequestTypeTimeSeries
+	case PanelKindNumber, PanelKindPieChart, PanelKindTable:
+		return qb.RequestTypeScalar
+	case PanelKindList:
+		return qb.RequestTypeRaw
+	}
+	return qb.RequestTypeTimeSeries
+}
+
+// collectV1QueryEnvelopes inspects widget.query.queryType and produces a
+// flattened list of v5-shaped envelopes. The returned signal is the dominant
+// builder signal (if any), used for typed builder-query dispatch.
+func (d *v1Decoder) collectV1QueryEnvelopes(widget map[string]any, panelKind PanelPluginKind) ([]map[string]any, telemetrytypes.Signal) {
+	queryMap := d.readObject(widget, "query")
+	if queryMap == nil {
+		d.note("widget %q has no query map", d.readString(widget, "id"))
+		return nil, telemetrytypes.Signal{}
+	}
+	rowLimitPanel := panelKind == PanelKindList || panelKind == PanelKindTable
+	// Raw (list) panels legitimately have no aggregation; every other panel needs one.
+	needsAggregation := requestTypeForPanel(panelKind) != qb.RequestTypeRaw
+
+	queryType := d.readString(queryMap, "queryType")
+	switch queryType {
+	case "promql":
+		promQueries := d.readObjects(queryMap, "promql")
+		var out []map[string]any
+		for _, q := range promQueries {
+			// With multiple promql queries, drop the empty ones; a lone query is
+			// kept even if empty (nothing else would remain).
+			if len(promQueries) > 1 && d.readString(q, "query") == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+			out = append(out, promQLEnvelope(q))
+		}
+		return out, telemetrytypes.Signal{}
+
+	case "clickhouse_sql":
+		chQueries := d.readObjects(queryMap, "clickhouse_sql")
+		var out []map[string]any
+		for _, q := range chQueries {
+			// With multiple clickhouse queries, drop the empty ones; a lone query is
+			// kept even if empty (nothing else would remain).
+			if len(chQueries) > 1 && d.readString(q, "query") == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+			out = append(out, clickhouseEnvelope(q))
+		}
+		return out, telemetrytypes.Signal{}
+
+	case "builder":
+		builder := d.readObject(queryMap, "builder")
+		if builder == nil {
+			d.note("widget %q has no builder data in the query map", d.readString(widget, "id"))
+			return nil, telemetrytypes.Signal{}
+		}
+		var out []map[string]any
+		var signal telemetrytypes.Signal
+		widgetType := d.readString(widget, "panelTypes")
+		queries := d.readObjects(builder, "queryData")
+		assignQueryDataNames(queries)
+		for _, q := range queries {
+			normalizePreV5QueryData(q, widgetType)
+			normalizePreV5SelectColumns(q)
+			normalizePreV5GroupBy(q)
+			normalizePreV5PageSize(q, rowLimitPanel)
+			if needsAggregation {
+				ensureDefaultAggregation(q)
+			}
+			name := d.readString(q, "queryName")
+			out = append(out, qb.WrapInV5Envelope(name, q, string(qb.QueryTypeBuilder.StringValue())))
+			if signal.IsZero() {
+				signal = signalFromDataSource(q["dataSource"])
+			}
+		}
+		formulas := d.readObjects(builder, "queryFormulas")
+		assignMissingFormulaNames(formulas)
+		for _, f := range formulas {
+			normalizePreV5QueryData(f, widgetType)
+			name := d.readString(f, "queryName")
+			out = append(out, qb.WrapInV5Envelope(name, f, string(qb.QueryTypeFormula.StringValue())))
+		}
+		for _, op := range d.readObjects(builder, "queryTraceOperator") {
+			normalizePreV5QueryData(op, widgetType)
+			name := d.readString(op, "queryName")
+			out = append(out, qb.WrapInV5Envelope(name, op, string(qb.QueryTypeTraceOperator.StringValue())))
+		}
+		return out, signal
+	default:
+		d.note("widget %q has unknown queryType %q", d.readString(widget, "id"), queryType)
+	}
+	return nil, telemetrytypes.Signal{}
+}
+
+// maxQueries mirrors the frontend MAX_QUERIES; builder query names run A..Z.
+const maxQueries = 26
+
+// assignQueryDataNames names builder data queries the way the frontend does: each
+// unnamed query takes the first unused A..Z, deduped against existing names. It also
+// forces expression == queryName, since a data query's expression is always its own
+// name and WrapInV5Envelope's name != expression heuristic would otherwise
+// misclassify the query as a formula.
+func assignQueryDataNames(queries []map[string]any) {
+	taken := make(map[string]bool, len(queries))
+	for _, q := range queries {
+		if name, _ := q["queryName"].(string); name != "" {
+			taken[name] = true
+		}
+	}
+	for _, q := range queries {
+		name, _ := q["queryName"].(string)
+		if name == "" {
+			for i := 0; i < maxQueries; i++ {
+				candidate := string(rune('A' + i))
+				if !taken[candidate] {
+					name = candidate
+					taken[candidate] = true
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			q["queryName"] = name
+		}
+		q["expression"] = name
+	}
+}
+
+// maxFormulas mirrors the frontend MAX_FORMULAS; formula names run F1..F20.
+const maxFormulas = 20
+
+// assignMissingFormulaNames fills queryName for unnamed formulas, mirroring the
+// frontend: pick the first F{n} (n in 1..20) not already used by another formula.
+// Formulas that already have a name keep it.
+func assignMissingFormulaNames(formulas []map[string]any) {
+	taken := make(map[string]bool, len(formulas))
+	for _, f := range formulas {
+		if name, _ := f["queryName"].(string); name != "" {
+			taken[name] = true
+		}
+	}
+	for _, f := range formulas {
+		if name, _ := f["queryName"].(string); name != "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		for i := 1; i <= maxFormulas; i++ {
+			candidate := "F" + strconv.Itoa(i)
+			if !taken[candidate] {
+				f["queryName"] = candidate
+				taken[candidate] = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func promQLEnvelope(q map[string]any) map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{
+		"type": qb.QueryTypePromQL.StringValue(),
+		"spec": map[string]any{
+			"name":     q["name"],
+			"query":    q["query"],
+			"disabled": q["disabled"],
+			"legend":   q["legend"],
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func clickhouseEnvelope(q map[string]any) map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{
+		"type": qb.QueryTypeClickHouseSQL.StringValue(),
+		"spec": map[string]any{
+			"name":     q["name"],
+			"query":    q["query"],
+			"disabled": q["disabled"],
+			"legend":   q["legend"],
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// singleQueryFromEnvelope returns a typed Query for one envelope, using its
+// native query kind (promql/clickhouse_sql/builder) rather than wrapping it in
+// a CompositeQuery. A bare signoz/BuilderQuery is valid for every panel kind
+// and is the only kind List panels accept.
+func singleQueryFromEnvelope(envelope map[string]any, requestType qb.RequestType, signal telemetrytypes.Signal) *Query {
+	t, _ := envelope["type"].(string)
+	spec, _ := envelope["spec"].(map[string]any)
+	switch t {
+	case qb.QueryTypePromQL.StringValue():
+		prom, err := decodeMapInto[qb.PromQuery](spec)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return &Query{
+			Kind: requestType,
+			Spec: QuerySpec{
+				Name:   prom.Name,
+				Plugin: QueryPlugin{Kind: QueryKindPromQL, Spec: &prom},
+			},
+		}
+	case qb.QueryTypeClickHouseSQL.StringValue():
+		ch, err := decodeMapInto[qb.ClickHouseQuery](spec)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return &Query{
+			Kind: requestType,
+			Spec: QuerySpec{
+				Name:   ch.Name,
+				Plugin: QueryPlugin{Kind: QueryKindClickHouseSQL, Spec: &ch},
+			},
+		}
+	case qb.QueryTypeBuilder.StringValue():
+		builderSpec := parseBuilderQuerySpec(spec, signal)
+		if builderSpec == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		name, _ := spec["name"].(string)
+		return &Query{
+			Kind: requestType,
+			Spec: QuerySpec{
+				Name:   name,
+				Plugin: QueryPlugin{Kind: QueryKindBuilder, Spec: &BuilderQuerySpec{Spec: builderSpec}},
+			},
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func parseCompositeFromEnvelopes(envelopes []map[string]any) (*CompositeQuerySpec, error) {
+	bytes, err := json.Marshal(envelopes)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.WrapInternalf(err, errors.CodeInternal, "marshal v1 query envelopes")
+	}
+	var parsed []qb.QueryEnvelope
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(bytes, &parsed); err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.WrapInvalidInputf(err, ErrCodeDashboardInvalidWidgetQuery, "decode v5 query envelopes")
+	}
+	return &CompositeQuerySpec{Queries: parsed}, nil
+}
+
+func parseBuilderQuerySpec(rawSpec any, signal telemetrytypes.Signal) any {
+	spec, ok := rawSpec.(map[string]any)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if !signal.IsZero() {
+		spec["signal"] = signal.StringValue()
+	}
+	bytes, err := json.Marshal(spec)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	parsed, err := qb.UnmarshalBuilderQueryBySignal(bytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return parsed
+}
+
+// signalFromDataSource maps a v1 data-source string to a v5 signal. Casing
+// varies by source: builder queries store lowercase ("traces"), while variable
+// `dynamicVariablesSource` stores capitalized ("Traces"), so match
+// case-insensitively. Unknown values (e.g. "All telemetry") map to the zero
+// Signal.
+func signalFromDataSource(raw any) telemetrytypes.Signal {
+	s, _ := raw.(string)
+	switch strings.ToLower(s) {
+	case "traces":
+		return telemetrytypes.SignalTraces
+	case "logs":
+		return telemetrytypes.SignalLogs
+	case "metrics":
+		return telemetrytypes.SignalMetrics
+	}
+	return telemetrytypes.Signal{}
+}

pkg/types/dashboardtypes/perses_v1_to_v2_queries_malformed.go

@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+package dashboardtypes
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"log/slog"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/transition"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/metrictypes"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/telemetrytypes"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/valuer"
+)
+
+// ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+// Malformed-field normalization
+// ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+//
+// Pre-v5 query-body reshapes for dashboards whose bodies aren't actually v5-shaped
+// (e.g. stamped version:"v5" but never upgraded). The bulk of the upgrade is
+// delegated to transition.MigrateQueryDataShapeSafe (see normalizePreV5QueryData);
+// this file keeps only the reshapes it doesn't cover.
+
+// preV5Migrator runs transition's shape-safe (idempotent) v4→v5 upgrade. Stateless
+// after construction, so a shared instance with a discard logger / no ambiguity
+// keys is fine.
+var preV5Migrator = transition.NewDashboardMigrateV5(slog.New(slog.DiscardHandler), nil, nil)
+
+// normalizePreV5QueryData upgrades one builder queryData/formula in place: the
+// shared migrator, then a reshape of any existing aggregations[] it leaves alone.
+func normalizePreV5QueryData(query map[string]any, widgetType string) {
+	dropLegacyFilter(query)
+	preV5Migrator.MigrateQueryDataShapeSafe(context.Background(), query, widgetType)
+	normalizePreV5LogTraceAggregations(query)
+	normalizeMetricAggregations(query)
+	normalizeOrderByKeys(query)
+}
+
+// orderByValueKeys are v4 order-by columnNames meaning "order by the aggregation value"
+// that the v5 aggregation validator rejects (validateOrderByForAggregation). All resolve
+// to the same aggregation key. Add more as they surface. The frontend passes these
+// through (the query-service resolves them), but the v2 dashboard validator only accepts
+// a real aggregation key.
+var orderByValueKeys = map[string]bool{
+	"#SIGNOZ_VALUE": true,
+	"A":             true,
+	"__result":      true,
+	"value":         true,
+}
+
+// normalizeOrderByKeys rewrites any orderBy columnName in orderByValueKeys to the
+// v5-valid aggregation key. Left untouched if the key can't resolve (no aggregation to
+// name).
+func normalizeOrderByKeys(query map[string]any) {
+	orders, ok := query["orderBy"].([]any)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	key, ok := aggregationOrderKey(query)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	for _, o := range orders {
+		order, ok := o.(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if cn, _ := order["columnName"].(string); orderByValueKeys[cn] {
+			order["columnName"] = key
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// aggregationOrderKey names the first aggregation the way validateOrderByForAggregation
+// expects: "space(metricName)" for metrics, the expression for logs/traces.
+func aggregationOrderKey(query map[string]any) (string, bool) {
+	aggs, ok := query["aggregations"].([]any)
+	if !ok || len(aggs) == 0 {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	agg, ok := aggs[0].(map[string]any)
+	if !ok {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	if signalFromDataSource(query["dataSource"]) == telemetrytypes.SignalMetrics {
+		metricName, _ := agg["metricName"].(string)
+		space, _ := agg["spaceAggregation"].(string)
+		if metricName == "" || space == "" {
+			return "", false
+		}
+		return space + "(" + metricName + ")", true
+	}
+	expr, _ := agg["expression"].(string)
+	if expr == "" {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return expr, true
+}
+
+// dropLegacyFilter removes a v4-shaped filter ({items, op}) stored under the v5
+// `filter` key. The v5 filter is {expression}; the migrator only rewrites the v4
+// `filters` key and skips when `filter` is present, so this stale shape would reach
+// WrapInV5Envelope and fail v5 validation. The v1 UI ignores it — it types
+// IBuilderQuery.filter as {expression} (frontend queryBuilderData.ts, filter?: Filter)
+// and only ever reads filter.expression, so items/op go unread. We drop it before the
+// migrator, which can then rebuild `filter` from `filters` if present.
+func dropLegacyFilter(query map[string]any) {
+	filter, ok := query["filter"].(map[string]any)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	_, hasItems := filter["items"]
+	_, hasOp := filter["op"]
+	if hasItems || hasOp {
+		delete(query, "filter")
+	}
+}
+
+// metricAggregationFields are the JSON keys a metric aggregation accepts (see
+// MetricAggregation). The decoder is strict, so any other key (e.g. a logs/traces
+// style `expression`) is rejected as an unknown field.
+var metricAggregationFields = map[string]bool{
+	"metricName":                      true,
+	"temporality":                     true,
+	"timeAggregation":                 true,
+	"spaceAggregation":                true,
+	"comparisonSpaceAggregationParam": true,
+	"reduceTo":                        true,
+}
+
+// normalizeMetricAggregations reshapes a metric query's aggregations to the shape v5
+// expects. v1 bodies sometimes carry a logs/traces-style aggregation ({expression});
+// the frontend ignores expression for metrics and builds from the metric fields
+// (createAggregation, prepareQueryRangePayloadV5.ts), so we drop every non-metric
+// key. A dropped expression leaves metricName empty and the widget is skipped later
+// (isUnrenderableMetricQuery), matching what v1 renders.
+//
+// It also defaults an invalid spaceAggregation to "sum": v1 bodies often leave it
+// empty or carry a stale value, which fails validation (SpaceAggregation.IsValid). A
+// valid value (including a histogram percentile) is left alone; the metric type isn't
+// in the body, so we can't prefer a percentile default for histograms.
+func normalizeMetricAggregations(query map[string]any) {
+	if signalFromDataSource(query["dataSource"]) != telemetrytypes.SignalMetrics {
+		return
+	}
+	aggs, ok := query["aggregations"].([]any)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	for _, a := range aggs {
+		agg, ok := a.(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		for k := range agg {
+			if !metricAggregationFields[k] {
+				delete(agg, k)
+			}
+		}
+		sa, _ := agg["spaceAggregation"].(string)
+		if !(metrictypes.SpaceAggregation{String: valuer.NewString(sa)}).IsValid() {
+			agg["spaceAggregation"] = metrictypes.SpaceAggregationSum.StringValue()
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// aggExprRe matches one "func(args)" with an optional "as alias". Mirrors the
+// frontend's parseAggregations regex; matching only well-formed func(args)
+// discards trailing junk ("sum(x) ) )" → "sum(x)").
+var aggExprRe = regexp.MustCompile(`([a-zA-Z0-9_]+\([^)]*\))(?:\s*as\s+('[^']*'|"[^"]*"|[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+))?`)
+
+// normalizePreV5LogTraceAggregations reshapes an existing logs/traces aggregations[]
+// via parseAggregations (extract func(args), lift inline "as alias", split
+// multi-part, drop metric-only fields; empty → count()). Covers the case the
+// migrator skips: it builds from flat fields but leaves a present-but-malformed
+// aggregations[] alone. A query with none is left as-is.
+func normalizePreV5LogTraceAggregations(query map[string]any) {
+	switch signalFromDataSource(query["dataSource"]) {
+	case telemetrytypes.SignalLogs, telemetrytypes.SignalTraces:
+	default:
+		return
+	}
+	aggs, ok := query["aggregations"].([]any)
+	if !ok || len(aggs) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	out := make([]any, 0, len(aggs))
+	for _, a := range aggs {
+		agg, ok := a.(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		expr, _ := agg["expression"].(string)
+		alias, _ := agg["alias"].(string)
+		parsed := parseAggregations(expr, alias)
+		if len(parsed) == 0 {
+			parsed = []any{map[string]any{"expression": "count()"}}
+		}
+		out = append(out, parsed...)
+	}
+	query["aggregations"] = out
+}
+
+// ensureDefaultAggregation defaults an empty logs/traces aggregations[] to count(),
+// mirroring the frontend. Callers gate this to aggregation panels. Metrics are skipped:
+// count() can't stand in for a missing metricName.
+func ensureDefaultAggregation(query map[string]any) {
+	switch signalFromDataSource(query["dataSource"]) {
+	case telemetrytypes.SignalLogs, telemetrytypes.SignalTraces:
+	default:
+		return
+	}
+	if aggs, ok := query["aggregations"].([]any); ok && len(aggs) > 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	query["aggregations"] = []any{map[string]any{"expression": "count()"}}
+}
+
+// parseAggregations pulls every func(args) (with inline or passed-through alias,
+// quotes stripped) out of a v1 expression. Mirrors the frontend's
+// parseAggregations; empty result if none.
+func parseAggregations(expression, availableAlias string) []any {
+	matches := aggExprRe.FindAllStringSubmatch(expression, -1)
+	out := make([]any, 0, len(matches))
+	for _, m := range matches {
+		alias := m[2]
+		if alias == "" {
+			alias = availableAlias
+		}
+		agg := map[string]any{"expression": m[1]}
+		if alias != "" {
+			agg["alias"] = strings.Trim(alias, `'"`)
+		}
+		out = append(out, agg)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// normalizePreV5SelectColumns / normalizePreV5GroupBy let WrapInV5Envelope (which
+// reads the old {key,dataType,type}) handle selectColumns/groupBy stored the v5 way
+// ({name,…}) — see backfillPreV5FieldKeys. Inverse of normalizePreV5FieldKeys (the
+// two consumers want opposite shapes).
+func normalizePreV5SelectColumns(query map[string]any) {
+	if cols, ok := query["selectColumns"].([]any); ok {
+		query["selectColumns"] = backfillPreV5FieldKeys(cols)
+	}
+}
+
+func normalizePreV5GroupBy(query map[string]any) {
+	if gb, ok := query["groupBy"].([]any); ok {
+		query["groupBy"] = backfillPreV5FieldKeys(gb)
+	}
+}
+
+// backfillPreV5FieldKeys copies v5 field names (name/fieldDataType/fieldContext)
+// down to their v4 equivalents (key/dataType/type) so WrapInV5Envelope, which reads
+// the v4 names, sees a field stored the v5 way. Fields with no resolvable key are
+// dropped.
+func backfillPreV5FieldKeys(fields []any) []any {
+	out := make([]any, 0, len(fields))
+	for _, f := range fields {
+		field, ok := f.(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ok := field["key"]; !ok {
+			if name, ok := field["name"]; ok {
+				field["key"] = name
+			}
+		}
+		if _, ok := field["dataType"]; !ok {
+			if fdt, ok := field["fieldDataType"]; ok {
+				field["dataType"] = fdt
+			}
+		}
+		if _, ok := field["type"]; !ok {
+			if fc, ok := field["fieldContext"]; ok {
+				field["type"] = fc
+			}
+		}
+		if key, _ := field["key"].(string); key == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, field)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// normalizePreV5FieldKeys renames list-panel field keys {key,dataType,type} →
+// {name,fieldDataType,fieldContext} in place (as WrapInV5Envelope does for
+// groupBy/orderBy). Entries already carrying "name" are left as-is.
+func normalizePreV5FieldKeys(fields []any) {
+	for _, f := range fields {
+		field, ok := f.(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, hasName := field["name"]; hasName {
+			continue
+		}
+		if key, ok := field["key"]; ok {
+			field["name"] = key
+		}
+		if dataType, ok := field["dataType"]; ok {
+			field["fieldDataType"] = dataType
+		}
+		if typ, ok := field["type"]; ok {
+			field["fieldContext"] = typ
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// normalizePreV5PageSize backfills limit from the legacy pageSize (frontend's
+// `limit || pageSize`), for row-limited panels (list/table) only. Leaves a query
+// that already has limit, or a non-row-limited panel, untouched.
+func normalizePreV5PageSize(query map[string]any, rowLimitPanel bool) {
+	if !rowLimitPanel {
+		return
+	}
+	if limit, ok := query["limit"]; ok && limit != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if ps, ok := query["pageSize"]; ok {
+		query["limit"] = ps
+	}
+}

pkg/types/dashboardtypes/perses_v1_to_v2_tags.go

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+package dashboardtypes
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/coretypes"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/types/tagtypes"
+	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/valuer"
+)
+
+// ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+// Tags
+// ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+// v1 carries tags as a flat []string; v2 tags are (key, value) pairs. Each v1
+// string is normalized into a pair (separator split, empty-side fallback,
+// reserved-key prefix, `/` scrub). Tags that normalize to the same
+// (lower(key), lower(value)) within a dashboard are collapsed, first occurrence
+// winning the display casing.
+//
+// Characters still illegal after normalization (spaces, punctuation) are molded
+// to fit the tag validators: disallowed runs collapse to "_" (see moldTagField).
+
+// defaultV1TagKey is the key assigned when a v1 tag string has no usable
+// separator (or one side of the split is empty).
+const defaultV1TagKey = "tag"
+
+func (d *v1Decoder) convertV1TagsForOrg(orgID valuer.UUID, raw any) []*tagtypes.Tag {
+	if raw == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	rawTagsList, ok := raw.([]any)
+	if !ok {
+		d.noteMalformedField("tags", raw)
+		return nil
+	}
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(rawTagsList))
+	tagsV2 := make([]*tagtypes.Tag, 0, len(rawTagsList))
+	for i, rawTag := range rawTagsList {
+		s, ok := rawTag.(string)
+		if !ok {
+			d.noteMalformedField(fmt.Sprintf("tags[%d]", i), rawTag)
+			continue
+		}
+		key, value, ok := normalizeV1Tag(s)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		dedupKey := strings.ToLower(key) + "\x00" + strings.ToLower(value)
+		if _, dup := seen[dedupKey]; dup {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[dedupKey] = struct{}{}
+		tagsV2 = append(tagsV2, tagtypes.NewTag(orgID, coretypes.KindDashboard, key, value))
+	}
+	return tagsV2
+}
+
+// normalizeV1Tag derives a (key, value) pair from one v1 tag string. After
+// splitting and molding both sides, a lone survivor becomes a value under the
+// default key; ok is false if neither survives.
+func normalizeV1Tag(s string) (string, string, bool) {
+	s = strings.TrimSpace(s)
+	if s == "" {
+		return "", "", false
+	}
+
+	var rawKey, rawValue string
+	switch {
+	case strings.Contains(s, ":"):
+		rawKey, rawValue, _ = strings.Cut(s, ":")
+		// Only the first ":" separates key from value; collapse the rest.
+		rawValue = strings.ReplaceAll(rawValue, ":", "_")
+	case strings.Contains(s, "/"):
+		rawKey, rawValue, _ = strings.Cut(s, "/")
+	default:
+		rawValue = s
+	}
+	rawKey = strings.TrimSpace(rawKey)
+	rawValue = strings.TrimSpace(rawValue)
+
+	// Reserved-key collision: prefix "_" so the list-query DSL stays unambiguous.
+	if _, reserved := reservedDSLKeys[DSLKey(strings.ToLower(rawKey))]; rawKey != "" && reserved {
+		rawKey = "_" + rawKey
+	}
+
+	key := moldTagField(rawKey, tagKeyDisallowed, tagKeyNotLead, tagtypes.MAX_LEN_TAG_KEY)
+	value := moldTagField(rawValue, tagValueDisallowed, nil, tagtypes.MAX_LEN_TAG_VALUE)
+	switch {
+	case key == "" && value == "":
+		return "", "", false
+	case key == "":
+		return defaultV1TagKey, value, true
+	case value == "":
+		return defaultV1TagKey, key, true
+	default:
+		return key, value, true
+	}
+}
+
+// Inverse of tagKeyRegex/tagValueRegex ("/" always rejected); tagKeyNotLead
+// matches a bad first char for a key. TestMoldedV1TagsPassValidation guards drift.
+var (
+	tagKeyDisallowed   = regexp.MustCompile(`[^a-zA-Z0-9$_@#{}:-]+`)
+	tagValueDisallowed = regexp.MustCompile(`[^a-zA-Z0-9$_@#{}:.+=-]+`)
+	tagKeyNotLead      = regexp.MustCompile(`^[^a-zA-Z$_@{#]`)
+)
+
+// moldTagField collapses disallowed runs to "_", prefixes "_" if notLead hits
+// the first char, and caps at max. Keeps a leading "_", trims a trailing one.
+func moldTagField(s string, disallowed, notLead *regexp.Regexp, max int) string {
+	s = strings.TrimRight(disallowed.ReplaceAllString(s, "_"), "_")
+	if s != "" && notLead != nil && notLead.MatchString(s) {
+		s = "_" + s
+	}
+	if len(s) > max {
+		s = strings.TrimRight(s[:max], "_")
+	}
+	return s
+}

pkg/types/dashboardtypes/perses_v1_to_v2_variables.go

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+package dashboardtypes
+
+import (
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/perses/spec/go/dashboard/variable"
+)
+
+// ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+// Variables
+// ══════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+// convertV1Variables walks the v1 `variables` map (UUID-keyed) and produces an
+// ordered []Variable. Variables sort by `order` first, then by id for stable
+// output. v1 variable types map as follows:
+//
+//	QUERY    → ListVariable + signoz/QueryVariable
+//	CUSTOM   → ListVariable + signoz/CustomVariable
+//	DYNAMIC  → ListVariable + signoz/DynamicVariable
+//	TEXTBOX  → TextVariable
+func (d *v1Decoder) convertV1Variables(raw any) []Variable {
+	if raw == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	rawVariablesMap, ok := raw.(map[string]any)
+	if !ok {
+		// v1 sometimes stores variables as a list. The frontend consumes it via
+		// Object.entries/keys, which for an array yields the stringified index as the
+		// key, so mirror that: [{...}] is treated as {"0":{...}}. An empty list is
+		// simply "no variables".
+		rawSlice, isSlice := raw.([]any)
+		if !isSlice {
+			d.noteMalformedField("variables", raw)
+			return nil
+		}
+		rawVariablesMap = make(map[string]any, len(rawSlice))
+		for i, v := range rawSlice {
+			rawVariablesMap[strconv.Itoa(i)] = v
+		}
+	}
+	type ordered struct {
+		variableID      string
+		variableContent map[string]any
+		order           float64
+	}
+	entries := make([]ordered, 0, len(rawVariablesMap))
+	for variableID, variableContentRaw := range rawVariablesMap {
+		variableContent, ok := variableContentRaw.(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			d.noteMalformedField("variables."+variableID, variableContentRaw)
+			continue
+		}
+		entries = append(entries, ordered{variableID: variableID, variableContent: variableContent, order: d.readFloat(variableContent, "order")})
+	}
+	sort.SliceStable(entries, func(i, j int) bool {
+		if entries[i].order != entries[j].order {
+			return entries[i].order < entries[j].order
+		}
+		return entries[i].variableID < entries[j].variableID
+	})
+
+	variablesV2 := make([]Variable, 0, len(entries))
+	for _, e := range entries {
+		v, ok := d.convertV1Variable(e.variableContent)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		variablesV2 = append(variablesV2, v)
+	}
+	return variablesV2
+}
+
+func (d *v1Decoder) convertV1Variable(v map[string]any) (Variable, bool) {
+	name := d.readString(v, "name")
+	if name == "" {
+		return Variable{}, false
+	}
+	description := d.readString(v, "description")
+	// v1 stores the type upper-cased (QUERY/CUSTOM/…); tolerate any casing.
+	kind := strings.ToUpper(d.readString(v, "type"))
+
+	switch kind {
+	case "TEXTBOX":
+		spec := &TextVariableSpec{
+			Display: Display{Name: clipName(name, MaxDisplayNameLen), Description: description},
+			Value:   d.readString(v, "textboxValue"),
+			Name:    name,
+		}
+		return Variable{Kind: variable.KindText, Spec: spec}, true
+
+	case "QUERY", "CUSTOM", "DYNAMIC":
+		// Drop (don't fail on) a dynamic variable with no attribute — it can't resolve.
+		if kind == "DYNAMIC" && d.readString(v, "dynamicVariablesAttribute") == "" {
+			return Variable{}, false
+		}
+		// Drop a custom variable with no recoverable option list — v2 requires one.
+		if kind == "CUSTOM" && d.readString(v, "customValue") == "" && d.readString(v, "selectedValue") == "" && d.readString(v, "defaultValue") == "" {
+			return Variable{}, false
+		}
+		// Drop a query variable with no query — it can't resolve.
+		if kind == "QUERY" && d.readString(v, "queryValue") == "" {
+			return Variable{}, false
+		}
+		listSpec := &ListVariableSpec{
+			Display:         Display{Name: clipName(name, MaxDisplayNameLen), Description: description},
+			AllowAllValue:   d.readBool(v, "showALLOption"),
+			AllowMultiple:   d.readBool(v, "multiSelect"),
+			CustomAllValue:  d.readString(v, "customAllValue"),
+			CapturingRegexp: d.readString(v, "capturingRegexp"),
+			Sort:            mapV1Sort(d.readString(v, "sort")),
+			Plugin:          d.variablePluginFor(kind, v),
+			Name:            name,
+		}
+		if dv := mapV1VariableDefault(v, listSpec.AllowMultiple); dv != nil {
+			listSpec.DefaultValue = dv
+		}
+		return Variable{Kind: variable.KindList, Spec: listSpec}, true
+
+	default:
+		d.note("variable %q has unknown type %q", name, kind)
+		return Variable{}, false
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *v1Decoder) variablePluginFor(kind string, v map[string]any) VariablePlugin {
+	switch kind {
+	case "QUERY":
+		return VariablePlugin{
+			Kind: VariableKindQuery,
+			Spec: &QueryVariableSpec{QueryValue: d.readString(v, "queryValue")},
+		}
+	case "CUSTOM":
+		// Some v1 dashboards stored the option list in selectedValue/defaultValue
+		// instead of customValue; fall back so the variable survives migration.
+		customValue := d.readString(v, "customValue")
+		if customValue == "" {
+			customValue = d.readString(v, "selectedValue")
+		}
+		if customValue == "" {
+			customValue = d.readString(v, "defaultValue")
+		}
+		return VariablePlugin{
+			Kind: VariableKindCustom,
+			Spec: &CustomVariableSpec{CustomValue: customValue},
+		}
+	case "DYNAMIC":
+		spec := &DynamicVariableSpec{Name: d.readString(v, "dynamicVariablesAttribute")}
+		if signal := signalFromDataSource(v["dynamicVariablesSource"]); !signal.IsZero() {
+			spec.Signal = signal
+		}
+		return VariablePlugin{Kind: VariableKindDynamic, Spec: spec}
+	}
+	return VariablePlugin{}
+}
+
+// mapV1VariableDefault reads selectedValue/defaultValue, both polymorphic
+// (string|array), so it indexes the raw value and lets defaultValueFromAny
+// type-switch — no typed accessor, intentionally lenient.
+func mapV1VariableDefault(v map[string]any, allowMultiple bool) *VariableDefaultValue {
+	if raw, ok := v["selectedValue"]; ok {
+		return defaultValueFromAny(raw, allowMultiple)
+	}
+	if raw, ok := v["defaultValue"]; ok {
+		return defaultValueFromAny(raw, allowMultiple)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func defaultValueFromAny(raw any, allowMultiple bool) *VariableDefaultValue {
+	switch v := raw.(type) {
+	case string:
+		if v == "" {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return &VariableDefaultValue{variable.DefaultValue{SingleValue: v}}
+	case []any:
+		if len(v) == 0 {
+			return nil
+		}
+		values := make([]string, 0, len(v))
+		for _, item := range v {
+			if s, ok := item.(string); ok && s != "" {
+				values = append(values, s)
+			}
+		}
+		if len(values) == 0 {
+			return nil
+		}
+		// A single-select variable can't carry a list default; collapse a lone value.
+		if !allowMultiple && len(values) == 1 {
+			return &VariableDefaultValue{variable.DefaultValue{SingleValue: values[0]}}
+		}
+		return &VariableDefaultValue{variable.DefaultValue{SliceValues: values}}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func mapV1Sort(s string) ListVariableSpecSort {
+	switch s {
+	case "ASC":
+		return SortAlphabeticalAsc
+	case "DESC":
+		return SortAlphabeticalDesc
+	}
+	return ListVariableSpecSort{} // zero (omitzero) — SortNone is the implicit default
+}

pkg/types/querybuildertypes/querybuildertypesv5/migrate_envelope.go

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+package querybuildertypesv5
+
+// WrapInV5Envelope translates a single v4 builder query/formula map into a
+// v5 query envelope ({"type": ..., "spec": ...}). It is a pure shape transform
+// over untyped maps: v4 builder field names (groupBy/orderBy/selectColumns/
+// dataSource) are rewritten to their v5 equivalents and a `signal` is derived
+// from the data source. queryType selects the envelope type, except a formula
+// (detected when name != queryMap["expression"]) is always emitted as
+// "builder_formula".
+//
+// Migration code (pkg/transition) and the v1→v2 dashboard conversion both
+// produce v5 envelopes, so this lives here with the v5 query types rather than
+// in an infra-level package.
+func WrapInV5Envelope(name string, queryMap map[string]any, queryType string) map[string]any {
+	// Create a properly structured v5 query
+	v5Query := map[string]any{
+		"name":     name,
+		"disabled": queryMap["disabled"],
+		"legend":   queryMap["legend"],
+	}
+
+	if name != queryMap["expression"] {
+		// formula
+		queryType = "builder_formula"
+		v5Query["expression"] = queryMap["expression"]
+		if functions, ok := queryMap["functions"]; ok {
+			v5Query["functions"] = functions
+		}
+		return map[string]any{
+			"type": queryType,
+			"spec": v5Query,
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Add signal based on data source
+	if dataSource, ok := queryMap["dataSource"].(string); ok {
+		switch dataSource {
+		case "traces":
+			v5Query["signal"] = "traces"
+		case "logs":
+			v5Query["signal"] = "logs"
+		case "metrics":
+			v5Query["signal"] = "metrics"
+		}
+	}
+
+	if stepInterval, ok := queryMap["stepInterval"]; ok {
+		v5Query["stepInterval"] = stepInterval
+	}
+
+	if aggregations, ok := queryMap["aggregations"]; ok {
+		v5Query["aggregations"] = aggregations
+	}
+
+	if filter, ok := queryMap["filter"]; ok {
+		v5Query["filter"] = filter
+	}
+
+	// Copy groupBy with proper structure
+	if groupBy, ok := queryMap["groupBy"].([]any); ok {
+		v5GroupBy := make([]any, len(groupBy))
+		for i, gb := range groupBy {
+			if gbMap, ok := gb.(map[string]any); ok {
+				v5GroupBy[i] = map[string]any{
+					"name":          gbMap["key"],
+					"fieldDataType": gbMap["dataType"],
+					"fieldContext":  gbMap["type"],
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		v5Query["groupBy"] = v5GroupBy
+	}
+
+	// Copy orderBy with proper structure
+	if orderBy, ok := queryMap["orderBy"].([]any); ok {
+		v5OrderBy := make([]any, len(orderBy))
+		for i, ob := range orderBy {
+			if obMap, ok := ob.(map[string]any); ok {
+				v5OrderBy[i] = map[string]any{
+					"key": map[string]any{
+						"name":          obMap["columnName"],
+						"fieldDataType": obMap["dataType"],
+						"fieldContext":  obMap["type"],
+					},
+					"direction": obMap["order"],
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		v5Query["order"] = v5OrderBy
+	}
+
+	// Copy selectColumns as selectFields
+	if selectColumns, ok := queryMap["selectColumns"].([]any); ok {
+		v5SelectFields := make([]any, len(selectColumns))
+		for i, col := range selectColumns {
+			if colMap, ok := col.(map[string]any); ok {
+				v5SelectFields[i] = map[string]any{
+					"name":          colMap["key"],
+					"fieldDataType": colMap["dataType"],
+					"fieldContext":  colMap["type"],
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		v5Query["selectFields"] = v5SelectFields
+	}
+
+	// Copy limit and offset
+	if limit, ok := queryMap["limit"]; ok {
+		v5Query["limit"] = limit
+	}
+	if offset, ok := queryMap["offset"]; ok {
+		v5Query["offset"] = offset
+	}
+
+	if having, ok := queryMap["having"]; ok {
+		v5Query["having"] = having
+	}
+
+	if functions, ok := queryMap["functions"]; ok {
+		v5Query["functions"] = functions
+	}
+
+	return map[string]any{
+		"type": queryType,
+		"spec": v5Query,
+	}
+}