fix: ui fixes for panel selection modal

Wire the `/substitute_vars` round-trip into the panel create-alert flow so
`$var` / dynamic variable references resolve to the values selected in the
variable bar before the alert is seeded — V1 parity with `useCreateAlerts`,
which the previous V2 path skipped (it shipped variable refs verbatim).

When the dashboard has resolved variables, `useCreateAlertFromPanel` builds a
V5 query-range request (panel queries + resolved variables) and POSTs it through
the generated `useReplaceVariables` hook; on success the substituted envelopes
are translated to the V1 `Query` the alert page reads. With no variables to
substitute the round-trip is a no-op, so we keep seeding synchronously and the
new tab stays tied to the click.

- persesQueryAdapters: extract `envelopesToQuery` from `fromPerses` (the
  substitute response hands back envelopes, not panel-query wrappers)
- buildCreateAlertUrl: export `buildAlertUrl` + `readPanelUnit` so the sync and
  substituted paths share URL assembly

frontend/.oxlintrc.json

@@ -328,6 +328,11 @@
           {
             "name": "immer",
             "message": "[State mgmt] Direct immer usage is deprecated. Use Zustand (which integrates immer via the immer middleware) instead."
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "api/generated/services/dashboard",
+            "importNames": ["patchDashboardV2", "usePatchDashboardV2"],
+            "message": "[dashboard-v2] Don't call patchDashboardV2/usePatchDashboardV2 directly — use useOptimisticPatch().patchAsync so spec edits update the react-query cache optimistically and reconcile on settle."
           }
         ]
       }

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/DashboardPageToolbar/index.tsx

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import { toast } from '@signozhq/ui/sonner';
 import logEvent from 'api/common/logEvent';
 import {
 	lockDashboardV2,
-	patchDashboardV2,
 	unlockDashboardV2,
 } from 'api/generated/services/dashboard';
 import type {
@@ -18,6 +17,7 @@ import { useErrorModal } from 'providers/ErrorModalProvider';
 import APIError from 'types/api/error';
 
 import { useCreatePanel } from '../hooks/useCreatePanel';
+import { useOptimisticPatch } from '../hooks/useOptimisticPatch';
 import PanelTypeSelectionModal from '../PanelsAndSectionsLayout/Panel/PanelTypeSelectionModal/PanelTypeSelectionModal';
 import DashboardActions from './DashboardActions/DashboardActions';
 import DashboardInfo from './DashboardInfo/DashboardInfo';
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ function DashboardPageToolbar(props: DashboardPageToolbarProps): JSX.Element {
 
 	const { user } = useAppContext();
 	const { showErrorModal } = useErrorModal();
+	const { patchAsync } = useOptimisticPatch();
 	const { isPickerOpen, openPicker, closePicker, createPanel } =
 		useCreatePanel();
 
@@ -88,14 +89,13 @@ function DashboardPageToolbar(props: DashboardPageToolbarProps): JSX.Element {
 						value: next,
 					},
 				];
-				await patchDashboardV2({ id }, patch);
+				await patchAsync(patch);
 				toast.success('Dashboard renamed successfully');
-				refetch();
 			} catch (error) {
 				showErrorModal(error as APIError);
 			}
 		},
-		[id, refetch, showErrorModal],
+		[id, patchAsync, showErrorModal],
 	);
 
 	const { isEditing, draft, setDraft, startEdit, cancel, commit } =

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/DashboardSettings/Overview/index.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import { useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react';
-import { patchDashboardV2 } from 'api/generated/services/dashboard';
 import type {
 	DashboardtypesGettableDashboardV2DTO,
 	DashboardtypesJSONPatchOperationDTO,
@@ -9,7 +8,7 @@ import { isEqual } from 'lodash-es';
 import { useErrorModal } from 'providers/ErrorModalProvider';
 import APIError from 'types/api/error';
 
-import { useDashboardStore } from '../../store/useDashboardStore';
+import { useOptimisticPatch } from '../../hooks/useOptimisticPatch';
 import CrossPanelSync from './CrossPanelSync/CrossPanelSync';
 import DashboardInfoForm from './DashboardInfoForm/DashboardInfoForm';
 import UnsavedChangesFooter from './UnsavedChangesFooter/UnsavedChangesFooter';
@@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ interface OverviewProps {
 function Overview({ dashboard }: OverviewProps): JSX.Element {
 	const id = dashboard.id;
 
-	const refetch = useDashboardStore((s) => s.refetch);
+	const { patchAsync } = useOptimisticPatch();
 
 	const title = dashboard.spec.display.name;
 	const description = dashboard.spec.display.description ?? '';
@@ -96,15 +95,14 @@ function Overview({ dashboard }: OverviewProps): JSX.Element {
 
 		try {
 			setIsSaving(true);
-			await patchDashboardV2({ id }, ops);
+			await patchAsync(ops);
 			toast.success('Dashboard updated');
-			refetch();
 		} catch (error) {
 			showErrorModal(error as APIError);
 		} finally {
 			setIsSaving(false);
 		}
-	}, [id, buildPatch, refetch, showErrorModal]);
+	}, [buildPatch, patchAsync, showErrorModal]);
 
 	useEffect(() => {
 		let numberOfUnsavedChanges = 0;

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/DashboardSettings/Variables/useSaveVariables.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import { useCallback, useState } from 'react';
-import { patchDashboardV2 } from 'api/generated/services/dashboard';
 import { toast } from '@signozhq/ui/sonner';
 import { useErrorModal } from 'providers/ErrorModalProvider';
 import APIError from 'types/api/error';
 
+import { useOptimisticPatch } from '../../hooks/useOptimisticPatch';
 import { useDashboardStore } from '../../store/useDashboardStore';
 import { formModelToDto } from './variableAdapters';
 import type { VariableFormModel } from './variableFormModel';
@@ -14,14 +14,9 @@ interface UseSaveVariables {
 	isSaving: boolean;
 }
 
-/**
- * Persists the dashboard's variable list via a single `/spec/variables` patch,
- * then refetches. Mirrors the General-settings save flow (patch → toast →
- * refetch → surface errors).
- */
 export function useSaveVariables(): UseSaveVariables {
 	const dashboardId = useDashboardStore((s) => s.dashboardId);
-	const refetch = useDashboardStore((s) => s.refetch);
+	const { patchAsync } = useOptimisticPatch();
 	const { showErrorModal } = useErrorModal();
 	const [isSaving, setIsSaving] = useState(false);
 
@@ -33,9 +28,8 @@ export function useSaveVariables(): UseSaveVariables {
 			const dtos = variables.map(formModelToDto);
 			try {
 				setIsSaving(true);
-				await patchDashboardV2({ id: dashboardId }, buildVariablesPatch(dtos));
+				await patchAsync(buildVariablesPatch(dtos));
 				toast.success('Variables updated');
-				refetch();
 				return true;
 			} catch (error) {
 				showErrorModal(error as APIError);
@@ -44,7 +38,7 @@ export function useSaveVariables(): UseSaveVariables {
 				setIsSaving(false);
 			}
 		},
-		[dashboardId, refetch, showErrorModal],
+		[dashboardId, patchAsync, showErrorModal],
 	);
 
 	return { save, isSaving };

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelEditor/hooks/__tests__/usePanelEditorSave.test.ts

@@ -1,40 +1,36 @@
 import { renderHook } from '@testing-library/react';
-import {
-	getGetDashboardV2QueryKey,
-	usePatchDashboardV2,
-} from 'api/generated/services/dashboard';
 import type { DashboardtypesPanelSpecDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 
 import { usePanelEditorSave } from '../usePanelEditorSave';
 
-const mockInvalidateQueries = jest.fn();
+const mockPatchAsync = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+let mockIsPatching = false;
+jest.mock('../../../hooks/useOptimisticPatch', () => ({
+	useOptimisticPatch: (): {
+		patchAsync: jest.Mock;
+		isPatching: boolean;
+		error: Error | null;
+	} => ({ patchAsync: mockPatchAsync, isPatching: mockIsPatching, error: null }),
+}));
+
+// The hook reads getQueryData only for the isNew branch; a stub client is enough here.
 jest.mock('react-query', () => ({
-	useQueryClient: (): { invalidateQueries: jest.Mock } => ({
-		invalidateQueries: mockInvalidateQueries,
+	useQueryClient: (): { getQueryData: jest.Mock } => ({
+		getQueryData: jest.fn(),
 	}),
 }));
 
 jest.mock('api/generated/services/dashboard', () => ({
-	usePatchDashboardV2: jest.fn(),
 	getGetDashboardV2QueryKey: jest.fn(() => ['/api/v2/dashboards/dash-1']),
 }));
 
-const mockUsePatch = usePatchDashboardV2 as unknown as jest.Mock;
-const mockGetQueryKey = getGetDashboardV2QueryKey as unknown as jest.Mock;
-
 describe('usePanelEditorSave', () => {
-	const mutateAsync = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined);
-
 	beforeEach(() => {
 		jest.clearAllMocks();
-		mockUsePatch.mockReturnValue({
-			mutateAsync,
-			isLoading: false,
-			error: null,
-		});
+		mockIsPatching = false;
 	});
 
-	it('emits an add patch replacing the whole panel spec and invalidates the dashboard query', async () => {
+	it('optimistically patches an add replacing the whole panel spec', async () => {
 		const { result } = renderHook(() =>
 			usePanelEditorSave({ dashboardId: 'dash-1', panelId: 'panel-9' }),
 		);
@@ -50,28 +46,17 @@ describe('usePanelEditorSave', () => {
 
 		await result.current.save(spec);
 
-		expect(mutateAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
-			pathParams: { id: 'dash-1' },
-			data: [
-				{
-					op: 'add',
-					path: '/spec/panels/panel-9/spec',
-					value: spec,
-				},
-			],
-		});
-		expect(mockGetQueryKey).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ id: 'dash-1' });
-		expect(mockInvalidateQueries).toHaveBeenCalledWith([
-			'/api/v2/dashboards/dash-1',
+		expect(mockPatchAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith([
+			{
+				op: 'add',
+				path: '/spec/panels/panel-9/spec',
+				value: spec,
+			},
 		]);
 	});
 
-	it('surfaces the mutation loading state as isSaving', () => {
-		mockUsePatch.mockReturnValue({
-			mutateAsync,
-			isLoading: true,
-			error: null,
-		});
+	it('surfaces the patch in-flight state as isSaving', () => {
+		mockIsPatching = true;
 
 		const { result } = renderHook(() =>
 			usePanelEditorSave({ dashboardId: 'dash-1', panelId: 'panel-9' }),

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelEditor/hooks/usePanelEditorSave.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 import { useCallback } from 'react';
 import { useQueryClient } from 'react-query';
 import { v4 as uuid } from 'uuid';
-import {
-	getGetDashboardV2QueryKey,
-	usePatchDashboardV2,
-} from 'api/generated/services/dashboard';
+import { getGetDashboardV2QueryKey } from 'api/generated/services/dashboard';
 import {
 	type DashboardtypesJSONPatchOperationDTO,
 	type DashboardtypesPanelSpecDTO,
@@ -13,6 +10,7 @@ import {
 	type GetDashboardV2200,
 } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 
+import { useOptimisticPatch } from '../../hooks/useOptimisticPatch';
 import { createPanelOps } from '../../patchOps';
 
 interface UsePanelEditorSaveArgs {
@@ -43,15 +41,14 @@ export function usePanelEditorSave({
 	layoutIndex,
 }: UsePanelEditorSaveArgs): UsePanelEditorSaveApi {
 	const queryClient = useQueryClient();
-	const { mutateAsync, isLoading, error } = usePatchDashboardV2();
+	const { patchAsync, isPatching, error } = useOptimisticPatch(dashboardId);
 
 	const save = useCallback(
 		async (spec: DashboardtypesPanelSpecDTO): Promise<void> => {
-			const dashboardQueryKey = getGetDashboardV2QueryKey({ id: dashboardId });
-
 			let ops: DashboardtypesJSONPatchOperationDTO[];
 			if (isNew) {
 				// Resolve the target section against the freshest dashboard we have.
+				const dashboardQueryKey = getGetDashboardV2QueryKey({ id: dashboardId });
 				const cached =
 					queryClient.getQueryData<GetDashboardV2200>(dashboardQueryKey);
 				ops = createPanelOps({
@@ -70,11 +67,11 @@ export function usePanelEditorSave({
 				];
 			}
 
-			await mutateAsync({ pathParams: { id: dashboardId }, data: ops });
-			await queryClient.invalidateQueries(dashboardQueryKey);
+			// Optimistic cache write + settle refetch (replaces the manual invalidate).
+			await patchAsync(ops);
 		},
-		[dashboardId, panelId, isNew, layoutIndex, mutateAsync, queryClient],
+		[dashboardId, panelId, isNew, layoutIndex, patchAsync, queryClient],
 	);
 
-	return { save, isSaving: isLoading, error: (error as Error) ?? null };
+	return { save, isSaving: isPatching, error };
 }

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelsAndSectionsLayout/Panel/PanelTypeSelectionModal/PanelTypeSelectionModal.module.scss

@@ -4,19 +4,25 @@
 	gap: 8px;
 }
 
-.typeButton {
+.panelTypeCard {
 	display: flex;
+	flex-direction: column;
 	align-items: center;
-	gap: 8px;
+	border: 1px solid var(--l2-border);
+	background: var(--l2-background);
 	padding: 12px;
-	background: var(--bg-ink-400, #0b0c0e);
-	border: 1px solid var(--l1-border);
+	gap: 12px;
+	cursor: pointer;
+	font: inherit;
 	border-radius: 4px;
 	color: var(--l1-foreground);
-	cursor: pointer;
-	text-align: left;
+	transition:
+		transform 180ms ease,
+		border-color 180ms ease;
 
 	&:hover {
-		border-color: var(--bg-robin-500);
+		background-color: var(--l2-background-hover);
+		transform: translateY(-2px);
+		border-color: var(--bg-robin-400);
 	}
 }

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelsAndSectionsLayout/Panel/PanelTypeSelectionModal/PanelTypeSelectionModal.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import { Modal } from 'antd';
-import { Button } from '@signozhq/ui/button';
+import { Color } from '@signozhq/design-tokens';
+import { DialogWrapper } from '@signozhq/ui/dialog';
 
 import type { PanelKind } from '../../../Panels/types/panelKind';
 import { PANEL_TYPES } from './constants';
@@ -17,29 +17,30 @@ function PanelTypeSelectionModal({
 	onSelect,
 }: PanelTypeSelectionModalProps): JSX.Element {
 	return (
-		<Modal
+		<DialogWrapper
 			open={open}
+			onOpenChange={(isOpen): void => {
+				if (!isOpen) {
+					onClose();
+				}
+			}}
 			title="Select a panel type"
-			onCancel={onClose}
-			footer={null}
-			destroyOnClose
 		>
 			<div className={styles.grid}>
 				{PANEL_TYPES.map(({ panelKind, label, Icon }) => (
-					<Button
+					<button
 						key={panelKind}
 						type="button"
-						variant="ghost"
-						className={styles.typeButton}
+						className={styles.panelTypeCard}
 						data-testid={`panel-type-${panelKind}`}
 						onClick={(): void => onSelect(panelKind)}
 					>
-						<Icon size={14} />
+						<Icon size={24} color={Color.BG_ROBIN_400} />
 						{label}
-					</Button>
+					</button>
 				))}
 			</div>
-		</Modal>
+		</DialogWrapper>
 	);
 }
 

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelsAndSectionsLayout/Panel/hooks/__tests__/useClonePanel.test.ts

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 import { renderHook } from '@testing-library/react';
-import { patchDashboardV2 } from 'api/generated/services/dashboard';
 
 import { useDashboardStore } from '../../../../store/useDashboardStore';
 import type { DashboardSection } from '../../../../utils';
 import { useClonePanel } from '../useClonePanel';
 
-jest.mock('api/generated/services/dashboard', () => ({
-	patchDashboardV2: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+const mockPatchAsync = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+jest.mock('../../../../hooks/useOptimisticPatch', () => ({
+	useOptimisticPatch: (): { patchAsync: jest.Mock; isPatching: boolean } => ({
+		patchAsync: mockPatchAsync,
+		isPatching: false,
+	}),
 }));
 
 const mockToastPromise = jest.fn();
@@ -16,8 +19,6 @@ jest.mock('@signozhq/ui/sonner', () => ({
 
 jest.mock('uuid', () => ({ v4: (): string => 'cloned-id' }));
 
-const mockPatch = patchDashboardV2 as unknown as jest.Mock;
-
 const sourcePanel = {
 	kind: 'Panel',
 	spec: {
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ function sections(): DashboardSection[] {
 describe('useClonePanel', () => {
 	beforeEach(() => {
 		jest.clearAllMocks();
-		useDashboardStore.setState({ dashboardId: 'dash-1', refetch: jest.fn() });
+		useDashboardStore.setState({ dashboardId: 'dash-1' });
 	});
 
 	it('patches an add of the deep-copied spec + a new item under the same section', async () => {
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ describe('useClonePanel', () => {
 
 		await result.current({ panelId: 'p1', layoutIndex: 0 });
 
-		expect(mockPatch).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ id: 'dash-1' }, [
+		expect(mockPatchAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith([
 			{
 				op: 'add',
 				path: '/spec/panels/cloned-id',
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ describe('useClonePanel', () => {
 
 		await result.current({ panelId: 'p1', layoutIndex: 0 });
 
-		const ops = mockPatch.mock.calls[0][1];
+		const ops = mockPatchAsync.mock.calls[0][0];
 		// Room in the last row (4 + 4 = 8 ≤ 12 cols) → sits to the right at y:0.
 		expect(ops[1].value).toMatchObject({ x: 4, y: 0, width: 4, height: 5 });
 	});
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ describe('useClonePanel', () => {
 
 		await result.current({ panelId: 'p1', layoutIndex: 0 });
 
-		const ops = mockPatch.mock.calls[0][1];
+		const ops = mockPatchAsync.mock.calls[0][0];
 		expect(ops[0].value).toStrictEqual(sourcePanel);
 		expect(ops[0].value).not.toBe(sourcePanel);
 	});
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ describe('useClonePanel', () => {
 
 		await result.current({ panelId: 'missing', layoutIndex: 0 });
 
-		expect(mockPatch).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+		expect(mockPatchAsync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
 		expect(mockToastPromise).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
 	});
 
@@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ describe('useClonePanel', () => {
 	});
 
 	it('swallows a patch rejection (toast owns the error UX) — does not throw', async () => {
-		mockPatch.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('boom'));
+		mockPatchAsync.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('boom'));
 		const { result } = renderHook(() => useClonePanel({ sections: sections() }));
 
 		await expect(

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelsAndSectionsLayout/Panel/hooks/__tests__/useCreateAlertFromPanel.test.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { renderHook } from '@testing-library/react';
 import logEvent from 'api/common/logEvent';
 import type { DashboardtypesPanelDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+import { Querybuildertypesv5VariableTypeDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
 import { useDashboardStore } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/store/useDashboardStore';
 
@@ -18,12 +19,55 @@ jest.mock('hooks/useSafeNavigate', () => ({
 	}),
 }));
 
-// The V5→V1 query→URL translation is covered by buildCreateAlertUrl's own tests;
-// stub it so this asserts only the hook's side effects (analytics + navigation).
-jest.mock('../../utils/buildCreateAlertUrl', () => ({
-	buildCreateAlertUrl: (): string => '/alerts/new?composite=1',
+const mockToastError = jest.fn();
+jest.mock('@signozhq/ui/sonner', () => ({
+	toast: { error: (...args: unknown[]): void => mockToastError(...args) },
 }));
 
+jest.mock('react-redux', () => ({
+	useSelector: (selector: (state: unknown) => unknown): unknown =>
+		selector({ globalTime: { minTime: 1_000_000, maxTime: 2_000_000 } }),
+}));
+
+const mockSubstituteVars = jest.fn();
+jest.mock('api/generated/services/querier', () => ({
+	useReplaceVariables: (): { mutate: jest.Mock } => ({
+		mutate: mockSubstituteVars,
+	}),
+}));
+
+// Stub the builders so this asserts only the hook's orchestration.
+jest.mock('../../utils/buildCreateAlertUrl', () => ({
+	buildCreateAlertUrl: (): string => '/alerts/new?composite=sync',
+	buildAlertUrl: (): string => '/alerts/new?composite=substituted',
+	readPanelUnit: (): string | undefined => undefined,
+}));
+
+// Keep the real exports (getPanelQueryType reads them); stub only the builder.
+const mockBuildQueryRangeRequest = jest.fn((_args?: unknown) => ({
+	request: 'payload',
+}));
+jest.mock(
+	'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/queryV5/buildQueryRangeRequest',
+	() => ({
+		...jest.requireActual(
+			'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/queryV5/buildQueryRangeRequest',
+		),
+		buildQueryRangeRequest: (args: unknown): unknown =>
+			mockBuildQueryRangeRequest(args),
+	}),
+);
+
+jest.mock(
+	'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/queryV5/persesQueryAdapters',
+	() => ({
+		...jest.requireActual(
+			'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/queryV5/persesQueryAdapters',
+		),
+		envelopesToQuery: (): unknown => ({ resolved: 'query' }),
+	}),
+);
+
 const mockLogEvent = logEvent as jest.Mock;
 
 const panel = {
@@ -38,17 +82,7 @@ const panel = {
 describe('useCreateAlertFromPanel', () => {
 	beforeEach(() => {
 		jest.clearAllMocks();
-		useDashboardStore.setState({ dashboardId: 'dash-1' });
-	});
-
-	it('opens the seeded alert builder in a new tab', () => {
-		const { result } = renderHook(() => useCreateAlertFromPanel());
-
-		result.current(panel, 'panel-1');
-
-		expect(mockSafeNavigate).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/alerts/new?composite=1', {
-			newTab: true,
-		});
+		useDashboardStore.setState({ dashboardId: 'dash-1', resolvedVariables: {} });
 	});
 
 	it('logs the create-alert action with panel and dashboard context (V1 parity)', () => {
@@ -66,4 +100,80 @@ describe('useCreateAlertFromPanel', () => {
 			}),
 		);
 	});
+
+	describe('with no variable selections', () => {
+		it('seeds the alert synchronously without a substitute round-trip', () => {
+			const { result } = renderHook(() => useCreateAlertFromPanel());
+
+			result.current(panel, 'panel-1');
+
+			expect(mockSubstituteVars).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+			expect(mockSafeNavigate).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/alerts/new?composite=sync', {
+				newTab: true,
+			});
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('with variable selections', () => {
+		beforeEach(() => {
+			useDashboardStore.setState({
+				dashboardId: 'dash-1',
+				resolvedVariables: {
+					'dash-1': {
+						service: {
+							type: Querybuildertypesv5VariableTypeDTO.query,
+							value: 'checkout',
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			});
+		});
+
+		it('substitutes variables before seeding, then opens the resolved alert', () => {
+			const { result } = renderHook(() => useCreateAlertFromPanel());
+
+			result.current(panel, 'panel-1');
+
+			// Round-trips the panel's queries + resolved variables.
+			expect(mockBuildQueryRangeRequest).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+				expect.objectContaining({
+					queries: panel.spec.queries,
+					panelType: PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES,
+					variables: { service: { type: 'query', value: 'checkout' } },
+				}),
+			);
+			expect(mockSubstituteVars).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+				{ data: { request: 'payload' } },
+				expect.objectContaining({
+					onSuccess: expect.any(Function),
+					onError: expect.any(Function),
+				}),
+			);
+			// Nothing opens until the round-trip resolves.
+			expect(mockSafeNavigate).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+			const { onSuccess } = mockSubstituteVars.mock.calls[0][1];
+			onSuccess({ data: { compositeQuery: { queries: [{ type: 'builder' }] } } });
+
+			expect(mockSafeNavigate).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+				'/alerts/new?composite=substituted',
+				{ newTab: true },
+			);
+		});
+
+		it('notifies and does not navigate when substitution fails', () => {
+			const { result } = renderHook(() => useCreateAlertFromPanel());
+
+			result.current(panel, 'panel-1');
+
+			const { onError } = mockSubstituteVars.mock.calls[0][1];
+			onError();
+
+			expect(mockToastError).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+				expect.any(String),
+				expect.objectContaining({ description: expect.any(String) }),
+			);
+			expect(mockSafeNavigate).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+		});
+	});
 });

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelsAndSectionsLayout/Panel/hooks/useClonePanel.ts

@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@ import { toast } from '@signozhq/ui/sonner';
 import { cloneDeep } from 'lodash-es';
 import { v4 as uuid } from 'uuid';
 
-import { patchDashboardV2 } from 'api/generated/services/dashboard';
-
+import { useOptimisticPatch } from '../../../hooks/useOptimisticPatch';
 import {
 	addPanelToSectionOps,
 	findFreeSlot,
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ export function useClonePanel({
 	sections,
 }: Params): (args: ClonePanelArgs) => Promise<void> {
 	const dashboardId = useDashboardStore((s) => s.dashboardId);
-	const refetch = useDashboardStore((s) => s.refetch);
+	const { patchAsync } = useOptimisticPatch();
 
 	return useCallback(
 		async ({ panelId, layoutIndex }: ClonePanelArgs): Promise<void> => {
@@ -45,8 +44,7 @@ export function useClonePanel({
 			const newPanelId = uuid();
 			const { x, y } = findFreeSlot(section.items, source.width);
 
-			const clone = patchDashboardV2(
-				{ id: dashboardId },
+			const clone = patchAsync(
 				addPanelToSectionOps({
 					panelId: newPanelId,
 					panel: cloneDeep(source.panel),
@@ -68,15 +66,14 @@ export function useClonePanel({
 				position: 'top-center',
 			});
 
-			// Refetch only on success; toast.promise owns the error UX, so swallow
-			// the rejection to avoid an unhandled rejection.
+			// toast.promise owns the error UX; swallow here to avoid an unhandled
+			// rejection (the optimistic cache write + settle refetch handle state).
 			try {
 				await clone;
-				refetch();
 			} catch {
 				// no-op
 			}
 		},
-		[sections, dashboardId, refetch],
+		[sections, dashboardId, patchAsync],
 	);
 }

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelsAndSectionsLayout/Panel/hooks/useCreateAlertFromPanel.ts

@@ -1,18 +1,32 @@
 import { useCallback } from 'react';
+// eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-imports -- global time still lives in redux
+import { useSelector } from 'react-redux';
+import { toast } from '@signozhq/ui/sonner';
 import logEvent from 'api/common/logEvent';
+import { useReplaceVariables } from 'api/generated/services/querier';
 import type { DashboardtypesPanelDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+import { SOMETHING_WENT_WRONG } from 'constants/api';
 import { useSafeNavigate } from 'hooks/useSafeNavigate';
 import { PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/types/panelKind';
 import { getPanelQueryType } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/utils/getPanelQueryType';
+import { buildQueryRangeRequest } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/queryV5/buildQueryRangeRequest';
+import { envelopesToQuery } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/queryV5/persesQueryAdapters';
+import { selectResolvedVariables } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/store/slices/variableSelectionSlice';
 import { useDashboardStore } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/store/useDashboardStore';
+import { AppState } from 'store/reducers';
+import { GlobalReducer } from 'types/reducer/globalTime';
 
-import { buildCreateAlertUrl } from '../utils/buildCreateAlertUrl';
+import {
+	buildAlertUrl,
+	buildCreateAlertUrl,
+	readPanelUnit,
+} from '../utils/buildCreateAlertUrl';
 
 /**
- * Returns a callback that opens the alert builder in a new tab, seeded from a
- * panel's query, and logs the action — mirroring V1's `useCreateAlerts`
- * ('dashboardView' caller). The panel is supplied at call time so the callback
- * stays stable across panels (and the dashboard's react-query refetches).
+ * Callback that seeds the alert builder from a panel's query in a new tab (V1 parity
+ * with `useCreateAlerts`; panel supplied at call time so the callback stays stable).
+ * With variable selections, resolves them via `/substitute_vars` first; otherwise
+ * seeds synchronously (the round-trip would be a no-op).
  */
 export function useCreateAlertFromPanel(): (
 	panel: DashboardtypesPanelDTO,
@@ -20,18 +34,61 @@ export function useCreateAlertFromPanel(): (
 ) => void {
 	const { safeNavigate } = useSafeNavigate();
 	const dashboardId = useDashboardStore((s) => s.dashboardId);
+	const variables = useDashboardStore(selectResolvedVariables(dashboardId));
+	const { maxTime, minTime } = useSelector<AppState, GlobalReducer>(
+		(state) => state.globalTime,
+	);
+	const { mutate: substituteVars } = useReplaceVariables();
 
 	return useCallback(
 		(panel: DashboardtypesPanelDTO, panelId: string): void => {
+			const panelType = PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE[panel.spec.plugin.kind];
+
 			void logEvent('Dashboard Detail: Panel action', {
 				action: 'createAlerts',
-				panelType: PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE[panel.spec.plugin.kind],
+				panelType,
 				dashboardId,
 				widgetId: panelId,
 				queryType: getPanelQueryType(panel),
 			});
-			safeNavigate(buildCreateAlertUrl(panel), { newTab: true });
+
+			if (Object.keys(variables).length === 0) {
+				safeNavigate(buildCreateAlertUrl(panel), { newTab: true });
+				return;
+			}
+
+			// Redux global time is nanoseconds; the request DTO takes epoch ms.
+			const request = buildQueryRangeRequest({
+				queries: panel.spec.queries,
+				panelType,
+				startMs: minTime / 1e6,
+				endMs: maxTime / 1e6,
+				variables,
+			});
+
+			substituteVars(
+				{ data: request },
+				{
+					onSuccess: (response) => {
+						const query = envelopesToQuery(
+							response.data.compositeQuery?.queries ?? [],
+							panelType,
+						);
+						const url = buildAlertUrl(
+							query,
+							panelType,
+							readPanelUnit(panel.spec.plugin),
+						);
+						safeNavigate(url, { newTab: true });
+					},
+					onError: () => {
+						toast.error(SOMETHING_WENT_WRONG, {
+							description: 'Failed to create alert from panel',
+						});
+					},
+				},
+			);
 		},
-		[dashboardId, safeNavigate],
+		[dashboardId, variables, minTime, maxTime, substituteVars, safeNavigate],
 	);
 }

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelsAndSectionsLayout/Panel/hooks/useDeletePanel.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import { useCallback } from 'react';
 
-import { patchDashboardV2 } from 'api/generated/services/dashboard';
 import { useErrorModal } from 'providers/ErrorModalProvider';
 import APIError from 'types/api/error';
 
+import { useOptimisticPatch } from '../../../hooks/useOptimisticPatch';
 import { removePanelOp, replaceSectionItemsOp } from '../../../patchOps';
 import { useDashboardStore } from '../../../store/useDashboardStore';
 import type { DashboardSection } from '../../../utils';
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ export function useDeletePanel({
 	sections,
 }: Params): (args: DeletePanelArgs) => Promise<void> {
 	const dashboardId = useDashboardStore((s) => s.dashboardId);
-	const refetch = useDashboardStore((s) => s.refetch);
+	const { patchAsync } = useOptimisticPatch();
 	const { showErrorModal } = useErrorModal();
 
 	return useCallback(
@@ -40,15 +40,14 @@ export function useDeletePanel({
 
 			const nextItems = section.items.filter((i) => i.id !== panelId);
 			try {
-				await patchDashboardV2({ id: dashboardId }, [
+				await patchAsync([
 					replaceSectionItemsOp(layoutIndex, nextItems),
 					removePanelOp(panelId),
 				]);
-				refetch();
 			} catch (error) {
 				showErrorModal(error as APIError);
 			}
 		},
-		[sections, dashboardId, refetch, showErrorModal],
+		[sections, dashboardId, patchAsync, showErrorModal],
 	);
 }

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelsAndSectionsLayout/Panel/hooks/useMovePanelToSection.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import { useCallback } from 'react';
 
-import { patchDashboardV2 } from 'api/generated/services/dashboard';
 import { useErrorModal } from 'providers/ErrorModalProvider';
 import APIError from 'types/api/error';
 
+import { useOptimisticPatch } from '../../../hooks/useOptimisticPatch';
 import { movePanelBetweenSectionsOps } from '../../../patchOps';
 import { useDashboardStore } from '../../../store/useDashboardStore';
 import type { DashboardSection } from '../../../utils';
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ export function useMovePanelToSection({
 	sections,
 }: Params): (args: MovePanelArgs) => Promise<void> {
 	const dashboardId = useDashboardStore((s) => s.dashboardId);
-	const refetch = useDashboardStore((s) => s.refetch);
+	const { patchAsync } = useOptimisticPatch();
 	const { showErrorModal } = useErrorModal();
 
 	return useCallback(
@@ -60,8 +60,7 @@ export function useMovePanelToSection({
 			const targetItems = [...target.items, { ...moved, x: 0, y: nextY }];
 
 			try {
-				await patchDashboardV2(
-					{ id: dashboardId },
+				await patchAsync(
 					movePanelBetweenSectionsOps({
 						sourceIndex: fromLayoutIndex,
 						sourceItems,
@@ -69,11 +68,10 @@ export function useMovePanelToSection({
 						targetItems,
 					}),
 				);
-				refetch();
 			} catch (error) {
 				showErrorModal(error as APIError);
 			}
 		},
-		[sections, dashboardId, refetch, showErrorModal],
+		[sections, dashboardId, patchAsync, showErrorModal],
 	);
 }

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelsAndSectionsLayout/Panel/utils/buildCreateAlertUrl.ts

@@ -5,11 +5,14 @@ import type {
 import { YAxisSource } from 'components/YAxisUnitSelector/types';
 import { ENTITY_VERSION_V5 } from 'constants/app';
 import { QueryParams } from 'constants/query';
+import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
 import ROUTES from 'constants/routes';
 import { PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/types/panelKind';
 import { fromPerses } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/queryV5/persesQueryAdapters';
+import type { Query } from 'types/api/queryBuilder/queryBuilderData';
 
-function readPanelUnit(
+/** The panel's configured y-axis unit, for the kinds that carry one. */
+export function readPanelUnit(
 	plugin: DashboardtypesPanelPluginDTO,
 ): string | undefined {
 	switch (plugin.kind) {
@@ -24,20 +27,17 @@ function readPanelUnit(
 }
 
 /**
- * Builds the `/alerts/new` URL that seeds the alert builder from a panel's query,
- * mirroring V1's `useCreateAlerts`: the panel's V5 queries are translated to the
- * V1 `Query` the alert page reads from `compositeQuery`, tagged with the panel
- * type, entity version, and a `dashboards` source.
- *
- * Unlike V1 there is no `/substitute_vars` round-trip — V2 has no query-variable
- * plumbing yet, so any dashboard-variable references travel through verbatim.
+ * Assembles the `/alerts/new` URL from a ready V1 `Query`: the alert page reads it
+ * from `compositeQuery`, tagged with the panel type, entity version, and a
+ * `dashboards` source.
  */
-export function buildCreateAlertUrl(panel: DashboardtypesPanelDTO): string {
-	const panelType = PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE[panel.spec.plugin.kind];
-	const query = fromPerses(panel.spec.queries, panelType);
-
-	const unit = readPanelUnit(panel.spec.plugin);
+export function buildAlertUrl(
+	query: Query,
+	panelType: PANEL_TYPES,
+	unit?: string,
+): string {
 	if (unit) {
+		// eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign
 		query.unit = unit;
 	}
 
@@ -52,3 +52,15 @@ export function buildCreateAlertUrl(panel: DashboardtypesPanelDTO): string {
 
 	return `${ROUTES.ALERTS_NEW}?${params.toString()}`;
 }
+
+/**
+ * Seeds the alert builder from a panel's query — the no-variable path, so any
+ * dashboard-variable references travel through verbatim. When the dashboard has
+ * selections, `useCreateAlertFromPanel` runs a `/substitute_vars` round-trip first
+ * and assembles the URL from the resolved queries via {@link buildAlertUrl}.
+ */
+export function buildCreateAlertUrl(panel: DashboardtypesPanelDTO): string {
+	const panelType = PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE[panel.spec.plugin.kind];
+	const query = fromPerses(panel.spec.queries, panelType);
+	return buildAlertUrl(query, panelType, readPanelUnit(panel.spec.plugin));
+}

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelsAndSectionsLayout/Section/hooks/useAddSection.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import { useCallback, useState } from 'react';
 
-import { patchDashboardV2 } from 'api/generated/services/dashboard';
 import type { DashboardtypesLayoutDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import { useErrorModal } from 'providers/ErrorModalProvider';
 import APIError from 'types/api/error';
 
+import { useOptimisticPatch } from '../../../hooks/useOptimisticPatch';
 import {
 	addSectionOp,
 	newGridLayout,
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ import { useDashboardStore } from '../../../store/useDashboardStore';
 const SECTION_SELECTOR = '[data-testid^="dashboard-section-"]';
 
 /**
- * Waits (via rAF) for the refetch to render the appended section, then scrolls
- * it into view. Polls because `refetch` resolves before React commits the new
- * section to the DOM; bails after ~40 frames.
+ * Waits (via rAF) for the appended section to render, then scrolls it into view.
+ * Polls because the optimistic cache write commits to the DOM a frame or two after
+ * the patch call; bails after ~40 frames.
  */
 function scrollToNewSection(prevCount: number, attempts = 40): void {
 	const sections = document.querySelectorAll(SECTION_SELECTOR);
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ interface Result {
  */
 export function useAddSection({ layouts }: Params): Result {
 	const dashboardId = useDashboardStore((s) => s.dashboardId);
-	const refetch = useDashboardStore((s) => s.refetch);
+	const { patchAsync } = useOptimisticPatch();
 	const [isSaving, setIsSaving] = useState(false);
 	const { showErrorModal } = useErrorModal();
 
@@ -66,8 +66,7 @@ export function useAddSection({ layouts }: Params): Result {
 			const prevSectionCount = document.querySelectorAll(SECTION_SELECTOR).length;
 			try {
 				setIsSaving(true);
-				await patchDashboardV2({ id: dashboardId }, [op]);
-				refetch();
+				await patchAsync([op]);
 				scrollToNewSection(prevSectionCount);
 			} catch (error) {
 				showErrorModal(error as APIError);
@@ -75,7 +74,7 @@ export function useAddSection({ layouts }: Params): Result {
 				setIsSaving(false);
 			}
 		},
-		[layouts, dashboardId, refetch, showErrorModal],
+		[layouts, dashboardId, patchAsync, showErrorModal],
 	);
 
 	return { addSection, isSaving };

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelsAndSectionsLayout/Section/hooks/useDeleteSection.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import { useCallback, useState } from 'react';
 
-import { patchDashboardV2 } from 'api/generated/services/dashboard';
 import type { DashboardtypesJSONPatchOperationDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import { useErrorModal } from 'providers/ErrorModalProvider';
 import APIError from 'types/api/error';
 
+import { useOptimisticPatch } from '../../../hooks/useOptimisticPatch';
 import { removePanelOp, removeSectionOp } from '../../../patchOps';
 import { useDashboardStore } from '../../../store/useDashboardStore';
 import type { DashboardSection } from '../../../utils';
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ interface Result {
  */
 export function useDeleteSection({ section }: Params): Result {
 	const dashboardId = useDashboardStore((s) => s.dashboardId);
-	const refetch = useDashboardStore((s) => s.refetch);
+	const { patchAsync } = useOptimisticPatch();
 	const [isSaving, setIsSaving] = useState(false);
 	const { showErrorModal } = useErrorModal();
 
@@ -38,14 +38,13 @@ export function useDeleteSection({ section }: Params): Result {
 		ops.push(removeSectionOp(section.layoutIndex));
 		try {
 			setIsSaving(true);
-			await patchDashboardV2({ id: dashboardId }, ops);
-			refetch();
+			await patchAsync(ops);
 		} catch (error) {
 			showErrorModal(error as APIError);
 		} finally {
 			setIsSaving(false);
 		}
-	}, [section, dashboardId, refetch, showErrorModal]);
+	}, [section, dashboardId, patchAsync, showErrorModal]);
 
 	return { deleteSection, isSaving };
 }

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelsAndSectionsLayout/Section/hooks/useFirstSectionMigration.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import { useCallback, useState } from 'react';
 
-import { patchDashboardV2 } from 'api/generated/services/dashboard';
 import type { DashboardtypesJSONPatchOperationDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import { useErrorModal } from 'providers/ErrorModalProvider';
 import APIError from 'types/api/error';
 
+import { useOptimisticPatch } from '../../../hooks/useOptimisticPatch';
 import { addSectionOp, titleUntitledSectionOp } from '../../../patchOps';
 import { useDashboardStore } from '../../../store/useDashboardStore';
 import type { DashboardSection } from '../../../utils';
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ interface Result {
  */
 export function useFirstSectionMigration({ sections }: Params): Result {
 	const dashboardId = useDashboardStore((s) => s.dashboardId);
-	const refetch = useDashboardStore((s) => s.refetch);
+	const { patchAsync } = useOptimisticPatch();
 	const [isSaving, setIsSaving] = useState(false);
 	const { showErrorModal } = useErrorModal();
 
@@ -49,15 +49,14 @@ export function useFirstSectionMigration({ sections }: Params): Result {
 
 			try {
 				setIsSaving(true);
-				await patchDashboardV2({ id: dashboardId }, ops);
-				refetch();
+				await patchAsync(ops);
 			} catch (error) {
 				showErrorModal(error as APIError);
 			} finally {
 				setIsSaving(false);
 			}
 		},
-		[sections, dashboardId, refetch, showErrorModal],
+		[sections, dashboardId, patchAsync, showErrorModal],
 	);
 
 	return { migrate, isSaving };

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelsAndSectionsLayout/Section/hooks/usePersistLayout.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import { useCallback, useState } from 'react';
 import type { Layout } from 'react-grid-layout';
 
-import { patchDashboardV2 } from 'api/generated/services/dashboard';
 import { useErrorModal } from 'providers/ErrorModalProvider';
 import APIError from 'types/api/error';
 
+import { useOptimisticPatch } from '../../../hooks/useOptimisticPatch';
 import { replaceSectionItemsOp } from '../../../patchOps';
 import { useDashboardStore } from '../../../store/useDashboardStore';
 import type { GridItem } from '../../../utils';
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ function hasGeometryChanged(next: GridItem[], prev: GridItem[]): boolean {
  */
 export function usePersistLayout({ layoutIndex, items }: Params): Result {
 	const dashboardId = useDashboardStore((s) => s.dashboardId);
-	const refetch = useDashboardStore((s) => s.refetch);
+	const { patchAsync } = useOptimisticPatch();
 	const [isSaving, setIsSaving] = useState(false);
 	const { showErrorModal } = useErrorModal();
 
@@ -80,17 +80,14 @@ export function usePersistLayout({ layoutIndex, items }: Params): Result {
 			}
 			try {
 				setIsSaving(true);
-				await patchDashboardV2({ id: dashboardId }, [
-					replaceSectionItemsOp(layoutIndex, nextItems),
-				]);
-				refetch();
+				await patchAsync([replaceSectionItemsOp(layoutIndex, nextItems)]);
 			} catch (error) {
 				showErrorModal(error as APIError);
 			} finally {
 				setIsSaving(false);
 			}
 		},
-		[dashboardId, items, layoutIndex, refetch, showErrorModal],
+		[dashboardId, items, layoutIndex, patchAsync, showErrorModal],
 	);
 
 	return { handleLayoutChange, isSaving };

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelsAndSectionsLayout/Section/hooks/useRenameSection.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import { useCallback, useState } from 'react';
 
-import { patchDashboardV2 } from 'api/generated/services/dashboard';
 import { useErrorModal } from 'providers/ErrorModalProvider';
 import APIError from 'types/api/error';
 
+import { useOptimisticPatch } from '../../../hooks/useOptimisticPatch';
 import { renameSectionOp } from '../../../patchOps';
 import { useDashboardStore } from '../../../store/useDashboardStore';
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ interface Result {
 /** Renames a section's title via `replace /spec/layouts/<i>/spec/display/title`. */
 export function useRenameSection({ layoutIndex }: Params): Result {
 	const dashboardId = useDashboardStore((s) => s.dashboardId);
-	const refetch = useDashboardStore((s) => s.refetch);
+	const { patchAsync } = useOptimisticPatch();
 	const [isSaving, setIsSaving] = useState(false);
 	const { showErrorModal } = useErrorModal();
 
@@ -31,10 +31,7 @@ export function useRenameSection({ layoutIndex }: Params): Result {
 			}
 			try {
 				setIsSaving(true);
-				await patchDashboardV2({ id: dashboardId }, [
-					renameSectionOp(layoutIndex, trimmed),
-				]);
-				refetch();
+				await patchAsync([renameSectionOp(layoutIndex, trimmed)]);
 				return true;
 			} catch (error) {
 				showErrorModal(error as APIError);
@@ -43,7 +40,7 @@ export function useRenameSection({ layoutIndex }: Params): Result {
 				setIsSaving(false);
 			}
 		},
-		[dashboardId, layoutIndex, refetch, showErrorModal],
+		[dashboardId, layoutIndex, patchAsync, showErrorModal],
 	);
 
 	return { rename, isSaving };

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelsAndSectionsLayout/Section/hooks/useSectionDragReorder.ts

@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ import {
 } from '@dnd-kit/core';
 import { arrayMove, sortableKeyboardCoordinates } from '@dnd-kit/sortable';
 
-import { patchDashboardV2 } from 'api/generated/services/dashboard';
 import type { DashboardtypesLayoutDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import { useErrorModal } from 'providers/ErrorModalProvider';
 import APIError from 'types/api/error';
 
+import { useOptimisticPatch } from '../../../hooks/useOptimisticPatch';
 import { reorderLayoutsOp } from '../../../patchOps';
 import { useDashboardStore } from '../../../store/useDashboardStore';
 import type { DashboardSection } from '../../../utils';
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ interface Result {
  */
 export function useSectionDragReorder({ sections, layouts }: Params): Result {
 	const dashboardId = useDashboardStore((s) => s.dashboardId);
-	const refetch = useDashboardStore((s) => s.refetch);
+	const { patchAsync } = useOptimisticPatch();
 	const [activeId, setActiveId] = useState<string | null>(null);
 	const [localOrderIds, setLocalOrderIds] = useState<string[] | null>(null);
 	const { showErrorModal } = useErrorModal();
@@ -99,14 +99,13 @@ export function useSectionDragReorder({ sections, layouts }: Params): Result {
 				.filter((l): l is DashboardtypesLayoutDTO => l !== undefined);
 
 			try {
-				await patchDashboardV2({ id: dashboardId }, [reorderLayoutsOp(newLayouts)]);
-				refetch();
+				await patchAsync([reorderLayoutsOp(newLayouts)]);
 			} catch (error) {
 				setLocalOrderIds(null); // revert optimistic order on failure
 				showErrorModal(error as APIError);
 			}
 		},
-		[orderedSections, layouts, dashboardId, refetch, showErrorModal],
+		[orderedSections, layouts, dashboardId, patchAsync, showErrorModal],
 	);
 
 	const activeSection = useMemo(

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/VariablesBar/VariableSelector.tsx

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ interface VariableSelectorProps {
 	variable: VariableFormModel;
 	/** All variables (Dynamic uses them to scope options by sibling selections). */
 	variables: VariableFormModel[];
+	/** Names this variable depends on (for Query gating). */
+	parents: string[];
 	/** All current selections (Query passes them as the request payload). */
 	selections: VariableSelectionMap;
 	selection: VariableSelection;
@@ -28,6 +30,7 @@ interface VariableSelectorProps {
 function VariableSelector({
 	variable,
 	variables,
+	parents,
 	selections,
 	selection,
 	onChange,
@@ -58,6 +61,7 @@ function VariableSelector({
 				return (
 					<QuerySelector
 						variable={variable}
+						parents={parents}
 						selections={selections}
 						selection={selection}
 						onChange={onChange}

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/VariablesBar/VariablesBar.tsx

@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ interface VariablesBarProps {
  * either way so auto-selection and option fetching keep driving the panels.
  */
 function VariablesBar({ dashboard }: VariablesBarProps): JSX.Element | null {
-	const { variables, selection, setSelection } = useVariableSelection(dashboard);
+	const { variables, dependencyData, selection, setSelection } =
+		useVariableSelection(dashboard);
 	const [expanded, setExpanded] = useState(false);
 	const { containerRef, visibleCount, overflowCount } = useInlineOverflowCount({
 		itemCount: variables.length,
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ function VariablesBar({ dashboard }: VariablesBarProps): JSX.Element | null {
 						<VariableSelector
 							variable={variable}
 							variables={variables}
+							parents={dependencyData.parentGraph[variable.name] ?? []}
 							selections={selection}
 							selection={
 								selection[variable.name] ?? {

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/VariablesBar/selectors/DynamicSelector.tsx

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 import { useMemo } from 'react';
-import { useQuery } from 'react-query';
 // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-imports
 import { useSelector } from 'react-redux';
-import { getFieldValues } from 'api/dynamicVariables/getFieldValues';
+import { useGetFieldValues } from 'hooks/dynamicVariables/useGetFieldValues';
 import type { AppState } from 'store/reducers';
 import type { GlobalReducer } from 'types/reducer/globalTime';
 
@@ -11,14 +10,12 @@ import {
 	sortValuesByOrder,
 } from '../../DashboardSettings/Variables/variableFormModel';
 import type { VariableFormModel } from '../../DashboardSettings/Variables/variableFormModel';
-import { useDashboardStore } from '../../store/useDashboardStore';
 import { buildExistingDynamicVariableQuery } from '../dynamicFilter';
 import type {
 	VariableSelection,
 	VariableSelectionMap,
 } from '../selectionTypes';
 import { useAutoSelect } from '../useAutoSelect';
-import { useVariableFetchState } from '../useVariableFetchState';
 import ValueSelector from './ValueSelector';
 
 interface DynamicSelectorProps {
@@ -33,9 +30,7 @@ interface DynamicSelectorProps {
 /**
  * Dynamic-variable options sourced from live telemetry field values for the
  * chosen signal + attribute, scoped by the other dynamic variables' selections
- * (so e.g. `pod` narrows to the chosen `namespace`). WHEN to fetch is owned by
- * the runtime fetch engine: dynamics fetch together once the query variables have
- * values, and refetch (via a `cycleId` bump) whenever any variable value changes.
+ * (so e.g. `pod` narrows to the chosen `namespace`).
  */
 function DynamicSelector({
 	variable,
@@ -53,51 +48,14 @@ function DynamicSelector({
 		[variables, selections, variable.name],
 	);
 
-	const {
-		variableFetchCycleId,
-		isVariableFetching,
-		isVariableSettled,
-		isVariableWaiting,
-		hasVariableFetchedOnce,
-	} = useVariableFetchState(variable.name);
-	const onVariableFetchComplete = useDashboardStore(
-		(s) => s.onVariableFetchComplete,
-	);
-	const onVariableFetchFailure = useDashboardStore(
-		(s) => s.onVariableFetchFailure,
-	);
-
-	const { data, isFetching } = useQuery(
-		[
-			'dashboard-variable-dynamic',
-			variable.name,
-			variable.dynamicSignal,
-			variable.dynamicAttribute,
-			existingQuery,
-			minTime,
-			maxTime,
-			variableFetchCycleId,
-		],
-		() =>
-			getFieldValues(
-				signalForApi(variable.dynamicSignal),
-				variable.dynamicAttribute,
-				undefined,
-				minTime,
-				maxTime,
-				existingQuery || undefined,
-			),
-		{
-			enabled:
-				!!variable.dynamicAttribute &&
-				(isVariableFetching || (isVariableSettled && hasVariableFetchedOnce)),
-			refetchOnWindowFocus: false,
-			onSettled: (_, error) =>
-				error
-					? onVariableFetchFailure(variable.name)
-					: onVariableFetchComplete(variable.name),
-		},
-	);
+	const { data, isFetching } = useGetFieldValues({
+		signal: signalForApi(variable.dynamicSignal),
+		name: variable.dynamicAttribute,
+		startUnixMilli: minTime,
+		endUnixMilli: maxTime,
+		existingQuery: existingQuery || undefined,
+		enabled: !!variable.dynamicAttribute,
+	});
 
 	const options = useMemo(() => {
 		const payload = data?.data;
@@ -113,7 +71,7 @@ function DynamicSelector({
 			options={options}
 			multiSelect={variable.multiSelect}
 			showAllOption={variable.showAllOption}
-			loading={isFetching || isVariableWaiting}
+			loading={isFetching}
 			selection={selection}
 			onChange={onChange}
 			testId={`variable-select-${variable.name}`}

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/VariablesBar/selectors/QuerySelector.tsx

@@ -8,18 +8,18 @@ import type { GlobalReducer } from 'types/reducer/globalTime';
 
 import { sortValuesByOrder } from '../../DashboardSettings/Variables/variableFormModel';
 import type { VariableFormModel } from '../../DashboardSettings/Variables/variableFormModel';
-import { useDashboardStore } from '../../store/useDashboardStore';
 import type {
 	VariableSelection,
 	VariableSelectionMap,
 } from '../selectionTypes';
-import { selectionToPayload } from '../selectionUtils';
+import { isResolved, selectionToPayload } from '../selectionUtils';
 import { useAutoSelect } from '../useAutoSelect';
-import { useVariableFetchState } from '../useVariableFetchState';
 import ValueSelector from './ValueSelector';
 
 interface QuerySelectorProps {
 	variable: VariableFormModel;
+	/** Names this variable's query references; it waits until they're resolved. */
+	parents: string[];
 	/** All current selections, fed to the query as `{ name: value }`. */
 	selections: VariableSelectionMap;
 	selection: VariableSelection;
@@ -27,15 +27,14 @@ interface QuerySelectorProps {
 }
 
 /**
- * Query-driven options. WHEN to fetch is owned by the runtime fetch engine
- * (`variableFetchSlice`): the query is `enabled` while this variable is fetching
- * (or settled-after-a-first-fetch, so a cycle bump re-runs it), and the engine's
- * per-variable `cycleId` keys the request — so a parent's value change refetches
- * only the dependent variables, in dependency order. The current selections feed
- * the request payload but are deliberately NOT in the key (V1 parity).
+ * Query-driven options. Dependency orchestration is declarative: the query is
+ * `enabled` only once every parent is resolved, and the parent values are in the
+ * query key — so it refetches automatically when a parent changes (and a cyclic
+ * dependency is simply never enabled).
  */
 function QuerySelector({
 	variable,
+	parents,
 	selections,
 	selection,
 	onChange,
@@ -44,43 +43,23 @@ function QuerySelector({
 		(state) => state.globalTime,
 	);
 	const payload = useMemo(() => selectionToPayload(selections), [selections]);
-
-	const {
-		variableFetchCycleId,
-		isVariableFetching,
-		isVariableSettled,
-		isVariableWaiting,
-		hasVariableFetchedOnce,
-	} = useVariableFetchState(variable.name);
-	const onVariableFetchComplete = useDashboardStore(
-		(s) => s.onVariableFetchComplete,
-	);
-	const onVariableFetchFailure = useDashboardStore(
-		(s) => s.onVariableFetchFailure,
-	);
+	const enabled = parents.every((parent) => isResolved(selections[parent]));
 
 	const { data, isFetching } = useQuery(
 		[
 			'dashboard-variable',
 			variable.name,
 			variable.queryValue,
+			payload,
 			minTime,
 			maxTime,
-			variableFetchCycleId,
 		],
 		() =>
 			dashboardVariablesQuery({
 				query: variable.queryValue,
 				variables: payload,
 			}),
-		{
-			enabled: isVariableFetching || (isVariableSettled && hasVariableFetchedOnce),
-			refetchOnWindowFocus: false,
-			onSettled: (_, error) =>
-				error
-					? onVariableFetchFailure(variable.name)
-					: onVariableFetchComplete(variable.name),
-		},
+		{ enabled, refetchOnWindowFocus: false },
 	);
 
 	const options = useMemo(() => {
@@ -100,7 +79,7 @@ function QuerySelector({
 			options={options}
 			multiSelect={variable.multiSelect}
 			showAllOption={variable.showAllOption}
-			loading={isFetching || isVariableWaiting}
+			loading={isFetching}
 			selection={selection}
 			onChange={onChange}
 			testId={`variable-select-${variable.name}`}

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/VariablesBar/useVariableFetchState.ts

@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-import {
-	selectVariableCycleId,
-	selectVariableFetchedOnce,
-	selectVariableFetchState,
-	type VariableFetchState,
-} from '../store/slices/variableFetchSlice';
-import { useDashboardStore } from '../store/useDashboardStore';
-
-export interface VariableFetchStateResult {
-	variableFetchState: VariableFetchState;
-	/** Include in the selector's react-query key to auto-cancel stale requests. */
-	variableFetchCycleId: number;
-	/** Actively fetching (first load or revalidating). */
-	isVariableFetching: boolean;
-	/** Stable — the fetch completed (or errored). */
-	isVariableSettled: boolean;
-	/** Blocked on parent dependencies (query order) or query variables (dynamics). */
-	isVariableWaiting: boolean;
-	/** Completed at least one fetch — keeps the query subscribed so a cycle bump refetches. */
-	hasVariableFetchedOnce: boolean;
-}
-
-/**
- * Per-variable view of the runtime fetch engine (`variableFetchSlice`), consumed
- * by the Query/Dynamic selectors to gate their fetch and key it by cycle id.
- * V2-native equivalent of V1's `useVariableFetchState`.
- */
-export function useVariableFetchState(name: string): VariableFetchStateResult {
-	const variableFetchState = useDashboardStore(selectVariableFetchState(name));
-	const variableFetchCycleId = useDashboardStore(selectVariableCycleId(name));
-	const hasVariableFetchedOnce = useDashboardStore(
-		selectVariableFetchedOnce(name),
-	);
-
-	return {
-		variableFetchState,
-		variableFetchCycleId,
-		isVariableFetching:
-			variableFetchState === 'loading' || variableFetchState === 'revalidating',
-		isVariableSettled: variableFetchState === 'idle',
-		isVariableWaiting: variableFetchState === 'waiting',
-		hasVariableFetchedOnce,
-	};
-}

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/VariablesBar/useVariableSelection.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
-import { useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useRef } from 'react';
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useMemo } from 'react';
 import { parseAsJson, useQueryState } from 'nuqs';
-// eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-imports -- global time selector still on redux
-import { useSelector } from 'react-redux';
 import type { DashboardtypesGettableDashboardV2DTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
-import type { AppState } from 'store/reducers';
-import type { GlobalReducer } from 'types/reducer/globalTime';
 
 import { dtoToFormModel } from '../DashboardSettings/Variables/variableAdapters';
 import type { VariableFormModel } from '../DashboardSettings/Variables/variableFormModel';
@@ -16,8 +12,8 @@ import type {
 	VariableSelectionMap,
 } from './selectionTypes';
 import {
-	deriveFetchContext,
-	doAllQueryVariablesHaveValues,
+	computeVariableDependencies,
+	type VariableDependencyData,
 } from './variableDependencies';
 
 /** URL sentinel for an "ALL values selected" state (matches V1). */
@@ -49,6 +45,7 @@ function fromUrlValue(raw: SelectedVariableValue): VariableSelection {
 
 interface UseVariableSelection {
 	variables: VariableFormModel[];
+	dependencyData: VariableDependencyData;
 	selection: VariableSelectionMap;
 	setSelection: (name: string, selection: VariableSelection) => void;
 }
@@ -67,34 +64,27 @@ export function useVariableSelection(
 		() => (dashboard.spec?.variables ?? []).map(dtoToFormModel),
 		[dashboard.spec?.variables],
 	);
-	const fetchContext = useMemo(() => deriveFetchContext(variables), [variables]);
+	const dependencyData = useMemo(
+		() => computeVariableDependencies(variables),
+		[variables],
+	);
 
 	const selection = useDashboardStore(selectVariableValues(dashboardId));
 	const setVariableValue = useDashboardStore((s) => s.setVariableValue);
 	const setVariableValues = useDashboardStore((s) => s.setVariableValues);
-	const initVariableFetch = useDashboardStore((s) => s.initVariableFetch);
-	const enqueueFetchAll = useDashboardStore((s) => s.enqueueFetchAll);
-	const enqueueDescendants = useDashboardStore((s) => s.enqueueDescendants);
-
-	const { minTime, maxTime } = useSelector<AppState, GlobalReducer>(
-		(state) => state.globalTime,
-	);
-
-	// Latest selection, read by the fetch-cycle effect without subscribing to it
-	// (so a value change doesn't re-trigger a full fetch cycle).
-	const selectionRef = useRef(selection);
-	selectionRef.current = selection;
 
 	const [urlValues, setUrlValues] = useQueryState(
 		'variables',
 		variablesUrlParser.withOptions({ history: 'replace' }),
 	);
 
-	// Seed selections: URL wins, then persisted store, then default.
+	// Seed selections for this dashboard: URL wins, then persisted store, then default.
 	useEffect(() => {
 		if (!dashboardId || variables.length === 0) {
 			return;
 		}
+		// `selection` here is the persisted (localStorage) map on mount — the
+		// effect deliberately doesn't depend on it, so seeding runs once per set.
 		const stored = selection;
 		const seeded: VariableSelectionMap = {};
 		variables.forEach((variable) => {
@@ -111,37 +101,16 @@ export function useVariableSelection(
 		// eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
 	}, [dashboardId, variables]);
 
-	// Start a full fetch cycle on load / dependency-order / time change. Runs after
-	// the seeding effect above, so it reads the seeded selection from the store; a
-	// value change instead goes through `enqueueDescendants`, not this effect.
-	const orderKey = `${fetchContext.queryVariableOrder.join(
-		',',
-	)}|${fetchContext.dynamicVariableOrder.join(',')}`;
-	useEffect(() => {
-		if (!dashboardId || variables.length === 0) {
-			return;
-		}
-		const names = variables
-			.map((v) => v.name)
-			.filter((name): name is string => !!name);
-		initVariableFetch(names, fetchContext);
-		enqueueFetchAll(
-			doAllQueryVariablesHaveValues(variables, selectionRef.current),
-		);
-		// eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
-	}, [dashboardId, orderKey, minTime, maxTime]);
-
 	const setSelection = useCallback(
 		(name: string, next: VariableSelection): void => {
 			setVariableValue(dashboardId, name, next);
-			enqueueDescendants(name);
 			void setUrlValues((prev) => ({
 				...(prev ?? {}),
 				[name]: next.allSelected ? ALL_SELECTED : next.value,
 			}));
 		},
-		[dashboardId, setVariableValue, enqueueDescendants, setUrlValues],
+		[dashboardId, setVariableValue, setUrlValues],
 	);
 
-	return { variables, selection, setSelection };
+	return { variables, dependencyData, selection, setSelection };
 }

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/VariablesBar/variableDependencies.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,6 @@
 import { textContainsVariableReference } from 'lib/dashboardVariables/variableReference';
 
-import type {
-	VariableFormModel,
-	VariableType,
-} from '../DashboardSettings/Variables/variableFormModel';
-import type { VariableSelectionMap } from './selectionTypes';
-import { isResolved } from './selectionUtils';
+import type { VariableFormModel } from '../DashboardSettings/Variables/variableFormModel';
 
 /**
  * Inter-variable dependency graph for runtime selection. A QUERY variable
@@ -202,57 +197,3 @@ export function computeVariableDependencies(
 ): VariableDependencyData {
 	return buildDependencyData(buildDependencies(variables));
 }
-
-/**
- * Static context the runtime fetch engine (`variableFetchSlice`) needs to order
- * fetches: the dependency graph plus the per-name type index and the QUERY /
- * DYNAMIC fetch orders. Derived from the variable definitions; stable until the
- * spec's variables change. Mirrors V1's `getVariableDependencyContext`.
- */
-export interface VariableFetchContext {
-	dependencyData: VariableDependencyData;
-	/** variable name → its type. */
-	variableTypes: Record<string, VariableType>;
-	/** QUERY variables in topological (parent-before-child) order. */
-	queryVariableOrder: string[];
-	/** DYNAMIC variable names (they implicitly depend on all QUERY values). */
-	dynamicVariableOrder: string[];
-}
-
-export function deriveFetchContext(
-	variables: VariableFormModel[],
-): VariableFetchContext {
-	const dependencyData = computeVariableDependencies(variables);
-	const variableTypes: Record<string, VariableType> = {};
-	variables.forEach((v) => {
-		if (v.name) {
-			variableTypes[v.name] = v.type;
-		}
-	});
-	const queryVariableOrder = dependencyData.order.filter(
-		(name) => variableTypes[name] === 'QUERY',
-	);
-	const dynamicVariableOrder = variables
-		.filter((v) => v.type === 'DYNAMIC' && !!v.name)
-		.map((v) => v.name);
-	return {
-		dependencyData,
-		variableTypes,
-		queryVariableOrder,
-		dynamicVariableOrder,
-	};
-}
-
-/**
- * Whether every QUERY variable already has a usable selection — decides at load
- * time whether dynamic variables may fetch immediately or must wait for the
- * query variables to settle first (V1 parity).
- */
-export function doAllQueryVariablesHaveValues(
-	variables: VariableFormModel[],
-	selection: VariableSelectionMap,
-): boolean {
-	return variables
-		.filter((v) => v.type === 'QUERY')
-		.every((v) => isResolved(selection[v.name]));
-}

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/hooks/__tests__/useOptimisticPatch.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+import { renderHook } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { useMutation, useQueryClient } from 'react-query';
+// eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-imports -- the hook's own test mocks and asserts the underlying patchDashboardV2 call.
+import { patchDashboardV2 } from 'api/generated/services/dashboard';
+import type { GetDashboardV2200 } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+import { DashboardtypesPatchOpDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+
+import { useOptimisticPatch } from '../useOptimisticPatch';
+
+const QUERY_KEY = ['/api/v2/dashboards/dash-1'];
+
+jest.mock('react-query', () => ({
+	useMutation: jest.fn(),
+	useQueryClient: jest.fn(),
+}));
+
+jest.mock('api/generated/services/dashboard', () => ({
+	patchDashboardV2: jest.fn(),
+	getGetDashboardV2QueryKey: jest.fn(() => ['/api/v2/dashboards/dash-1']),
+}));
+
+jest.mock('../../store/useDashboardStore', () => ({
+	useDashboardStore: jest.fn(
+		(selector: (s: { dashboardId: string }) => unknown) =>
+			selector({ dashboardId: 'dash-1' }),
+	),
+}));
+
+const queryClient = {
+	cancelQueries: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+	getQueryData: jest.fn(),
+	setQueryData: jest.fn(),
+	invalidateQueries: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+};
+
+// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+let captured: { fn: (ops: any) => unknown; options: any };
+
+function dashboardEnvelope(name: string): GetDashboardV2200 {
+	return {
+		data: { spec: { display: { name } } },
+	} as unknown as GetDashboardV2200;
+}
+
+const replaceNameOp = {
+	op: DashboardtypesPatchOpDTO.replace,
+	path: '/spec/display/name',
+	value: 'B',
+};
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+	jest.clearAllMocks();
+	(useQueryClient as jest.Mock).mockReturnValue(queryClient);
+	(useMutation as jest.Mock).mockImplementation((fn, options) => {
+		captured = { fn, options };
+		return { mutateAsync: jest.fn(), isLoading: false };
+	});
+	renderHook(() => useOptimisticPatch());
+});
+
+describe('useOptimisticPatch', () => {
+	it('mutationFn sends the ops to patchDashboardV2 for the current dashboard', () => {
+		captured.fn([replaceNameOp]);
+		expect(patchDashboardV2).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ id: 'dash-1' }, [
+			replaceNameOp,
+		]);
+	});
+
+	it('onMutate cancels fetches, snapshots, and writes the patched dashboard to the cache', async () => {
+		const previous = dashboardEnvelope('A');
+		queryClient.getQueryData.mockReturnValue(previous);
+
+		const context = await captured.options.onMutate([replaceNameOp]);
+
+		expect(queryClient.cancelQueries).toHaveBeenCalledWith(QUERY_KEY);
+		// Optimistic write reflects the op immediately.
+		expect(queryClient.setQueryData).toHaveBeenCalledWith(QUERY_KEY, {
+			data: { spec: { display: { name: 'B' } } },
+		});
+		// Snapshot returned for rollback; original left untouched.
+		expect(context).toStrictEqual({ previous });
+		expect(previous.data).toStrictEqual({ spec: { display: { name: 'A' } } });
+	});
+
+	it('onMutate is a no-op write when there is no cached dashboard', async () => {
+		queryClient.getQueryData.mockReturnValue(undefined);
+		const context = await captured.options.onMutate([replaceNameOp]);
+		expect(queryClient.setQueryData).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+		expect(context).toStrictEqual({ previous: undefined });
+	});
+
+	it('onError rolls the cache back to the snapshot', () => {
+		const previous = dashboardEnvelope('A');
+		captured.options.onError(new Error('boom'), [replaceNameOp], { previous });
+		expect(queryClient.setQueryData).toHaveBeenCalledWith(QUERY_KEY, previous);
+	});
+
+	it('onError without a snapshot does not touch the cache', () => {
+		captured.options.onError(new Error('boom'), [replaceNameOp], {});
+		expect(queryClient.setQueryData).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it('onSettled invalidates the dashboard query to reconcile', () => {
+		captured.options.onSettled();
+		expect(queryClient.invalidateQueries).toHaveBeenCalledWith(QUERY_KEY);
+	});
+});

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/hooks/useIsPanelWaitingOnVariable.ts

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-import { isResolved } from '../VariablesBar/selectionUtils';
-import { selectVariableValues } from '../store/slices/variableSelectionSlice';
-import { useDashboardStore } from '../store/useDashboardStore';
-
-/**
- * True while a panel should stay in its loading state because a variable it
- * references is still loading/waiting and has no usable value yet — i.e. the
- * first load. Once the variable has a value, a later change no longer blocks the
- * panel (it refetches over stale data instead). V1 parity with
- * `useIsPanelWaitingOnVariable`.
- */
-export function useIsPanelWaitingOnVariable(names: string[]): boolean {
-	const dashboardId = useDashboardStore((s) => s.dashboardId);
-	const states = useDashboardStore((s) => s.variableFetchStates);
-	const selection = useDashboardStore(selectVariableValues(dashboardId));
-
-	return names.some((name) => {
-		const state = states[name];
-		const inFlight =
-			state === 'loading' || state === 'revalidating' || state === 'waiting';
-		return isResolved(selection[name]) ? false : inFlight;
-	});
-}

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/hooks/useOptimisticPatch.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+import { useMutation, useQueryClient } from 'react-query';
+import {
+	getGetDashboardV2QueryKey,
+	// eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-imports -- this hook is the one sanctioned caller of patchDashboardV2; everything else goes through patchAsync.
+	patchDashboardV2,
+} from 'api/generated/services/dashboard';
+import type {
+	DashboardtypesJSONPatchOperationDTO,
+	GetDashboardV2200,
+} from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+import APIError from 'types/api/error';
+
+import { applyJsonPatch } from '../optimistic/applyJsonPatch';
+import { useDashboardStore } from '../store/useDashboardStore';
+
+/** Cached dashboard snapshot, kept for rollback on error. */
+interface OptimisticPatchContext {
+	previous?: GetDashboardV2200;
+}
+
+export interface UseOptimisticPatch {
+	patchAsync: (ops: DashboardtypesJSONPatchOperationDTO[]) => Promise<unknown>;
+	isPatching: boolean;
+	error: Error | null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Central optimistic mutation for V2 dashboard spec edits: writes the ops to the
+ * cached dashboard immediately, rolls back on error, reconciles on settle.
+ * `dashboardId` defaults to the edit-context store; the panel editor passes its own.
+ */
+export function useOptimisticPatch(
+	dashboardIdOverride?: string,
+): UseOptimisticPatch {
+	const storeDashboardId = useDashboardStore((s) => s.dashboardId);
+	const dashboardId = dashboardIdOverride ?? storeDashboardId;
+	const queryClient = useQueryClient();
+	const queryKey = getGetDashboardV2QueryKey({ id: dashboardId });
+
+	const mutation = useMutation<
+		Awaited<ReturnType<typeof patchDashboardV2>>,
+		APIError,
+		DashboardtypesJSONPatchOperationDTO[],
+		OptimisticPatchContext
+	>((ops) => patchDashboardV2({ id: dashboardId }, ops), {
+		onMutate: async (ops) => {
+			await queryClient.cancelQueries(queryKey);
+			const previous = queryClient.getQueryData<GetDashboardV2200>(queryKey);
+			if (previous?.data) {
+				// Ops are rooted at the DTO's `/spec`, so patch `.data`, keep the envelope.
+				queryClient.setQueryData<GetDashboardV2200>(queryKey, {
+					...previous,
+					data: applyJsonPatch(previous.data, ops),
+				});
+			}
+			return { previous };
+		},
+		onError: (_error, _ops, context) => {
+			if (context?.previous) {
+				queryClient.setQueryData(queryKey, context.previous);
+			}
+		},
+		onSettled: () => {
+			void queryClient.invalidateQueries(queryKey);
+		},
+	});
+
+	return {
+		patchAsync: mutation.mutateAsync,
+		isPatching: mutation.isLoading,
+		error: mutation.error ?? null,
+	};
+}

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/hooks/usePanelQuery.ts

@@ -15,14 +15,12 @@ import {
 } from '../queryV5/buildQueryRangeRequest';
 import type { PanelPagination, PanelQueryData } from '../queryV5/types';
 import { getRawResults } from '../queryV5/v5ResponseData';
-import { getReferencedVariables } from '../queryV5/getReferencedVariables';
 import { getBuilderQueries } from '../Panels/utils/getBuilderQueries';
 import { PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE } from '../Panels/types/panelKind';
 import { selectResolvedVariables } from '../store/slices/variableSelectionSlice';
 import { useDashboardStore } from '../store/useDashboardStore';
 import { resolvePanelTimeWindow } from './resolvePanelTimeWindow';
 import { useGetQueryRangeV5 } from './useGetQueryRangeV5';
-import { useIsPanelWaitingOnVariable } from './useIsPanelWaitingOnVariable';
 
 // V1 parity: PER_PAGE_OPTIONS + default page size from V1's list views.
 const LIST_PAGE_SIZE_OPTIONS = [10, 25, 50, 100, 200];
@@ -111,34 +109,9 @@ export function usePanelQuery({
 	} = useSelector<AppState, GlobalReducer>((state) => state.globalTime);
 
 	// Resolved variable values for this dashboard, published by useResolvedVariables.
-	// The full set is substituted into every request, but only the values this panel
-	// *references* key the cache — so a variable change refetches only the panels that
-	// use it (V1 parity). Names come from the fetch context (all variables, even
-	// unresolved ones); null before the variable bar initializes it.
+	// Substituted into the request and keyed into the cache so a selection change refetches.
 	const dashboardId = useDashboardStore((s) => s.dashboardId);
 	const variables = useDashboardStore(selectResolvedVariables(dashboardId));
-	const fetchContext = useDashboardStore((s) => s.variableFetchContext);
-
-	const referencedVariableNames = useMemo(() => {
-		const allNames = fetchContext ? Object.keys(fetchContext.variableTypes) : [];
-		return getReferencedVariables(queries, allNames);
-	}, [queries, fetchContext]);
-
-	const scopedVariables = useMemo(() => {
-		const scoped: typeof variables = {};
-		referencedVariableNames.forEach((name) => {
-			if (variables[name] !== undefined) {
-				scoped[name] = variables[name];
-			}
-		});
-		return scoped;
-	}, [variables, referencedVariableNames]);
-
-	// First-load gate: hold the panel in its loading state until every referenced
-	// variable has resolved a value.
-	const isWaitingOnVariable = useIsPanelWaitingOnVariable(
-		referencedVariableNames,
-	);
 
 	// `visualization` exists only on variants that declare it — read via `in` narrowing over the
 	// generated union (no cast). `fillSpans` (TimeSeries/Bar only) → formatOptions.fillGaps.
@@ -213,9 +186,8 @@ export function usePanelQuery({
 			// Each page is its own cache entry (0/default for non-paged kinds).
 			offset,
 			pageSize,
-			// Only the variables this panel references re-key the cache, so an unrelated
-			// variable change doesn't refetch it.
-			scopedVariables,
+			// Variable selection changes the request, so it must re-key the cache (refetch).
+			variables,
 		],
 		[
 			panelId,
@@ -231,14 +203,14 @@ export function usePanelQuery({
 			queries,
 			offset,
 			pageSize,
-			scopedVariables,
+			variables,
 		],
 	);
 
 	const response = useGetQueryRangeV5({
 		requestPayload,
 		queryKey,
-		enabled: enabled && runnable && !isWaitingOnVariable,
+		enabled: enabled && runnable,
 	});
 
 	const queryClient = useQueryClient();

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/hooks/useSyncVariablesForSuggestions.ts

@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-import { useEffect, useMemo } from 'react';
-import type { DashboardtypesGettableDashboardV2DTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
-import { setDashboardVariablesStore } from 'providers/Dashboard/store/dashboardVariables/dashboardVariablesStore';
-import type {
-	IDashboardVariable,
-	TVariableQueryType,
-} from 'types/api/dashboard/getAll';
-
-import { dtoToFormModel } from '../DashboardSettings/Variables/variableAdapters';
-import {
-	DYNAMIC_SIGNAL_ALL,
-	type VariableFormModel,
-	type VariableType,
-} from '../DashboardSettings/Variables/variableFormModel';
-
-const TYPE_TO_V1: Record<VariableType, TVariableQueryType> = {
-	QUERY: 'QUERY',
-	CUSTOM: 'CUSTOM',
-	TEXT: 'TEXTBOX',
-	DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC',
-};
-
-/** Minimal V1-shaped variable — only the fields the shared query builder reads. */
-function toV1Variable(model: VariableFormModel): IDashboardVariable {
-	return {
-		id: model.name,
-		name: model.name,
-		description: model.description,
-		type: TYPE_TO_V1[model.type],
-		queryValue: model.queryValue,
-		customValue: model.customValue,
-		textboxValue: model.textValue,
-		sort: 'DISABLED',
-		multiSelect: model.multiSelect,
-		showALLOption: model.showAllOption,
-		dynamicVariablesAttribute: model.dynamicAttribute,
-		dynamicVariablesSource:
-			model.dynamicSignal === DYNAMIC_SIGNAL_ALL
-				? 'all sources'
-				: model.dynamicSignal,
-	};
-}
-
-/**
- * Publishes the V2 dashboard's variables into the shared `dashboardVariablesStore`
- * that the query builder's autocomplete (`QuerySearch`) reads, so `$variable`
- * suggestions show up in the panel editor and the dashboards-page query builder.
- * Suggestion-only — the runtime engine lives in the V2 store. Clears on unmount so
- * the shared store doesn't leak into other pages.
- */
-export function useSyncVariablesForSuggestions(
-	dashboard: DashboardtypesGettableDashboardV2DTO | undefined,
-): void {
-	const dashboardId = dashboard?.id ?? '';
-	const specVariables = dashboard?.spec?.variables;
-	const variables = useMemo(
-		() => (specVariables ?? []).map(dtoToFormModel),
-		[specVariables],
-	);
-
-	useEffect(() => {
-		if (!dashboardId) {
-			return undefined;
-		}
-		const record: Record<string, IDashboardVariable> = {};
-		variables.forEach((model) => {
-			if (model.name) {
-				record[model.name] = toV1Variable(model);
-			}
-		});
-		setDashboardVariablesStore({ dashboardId, variables: record });
-		return (): void =>
-			setDashboardVariablesStore({ dashboardId: '', variables: {} });
-	}, [dashboardId, variables]);
-}

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/index.tsx

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import { useAppContext } from 'providers/App/App';
 import DashboardPageToolbar from './DashboardPageToolbar';
 import PanelsAndSectionsLayout from './PanelsAndSectionsLayout';
 import { useResolvedVariables } from './hooks/useResolvedVariables';
-import { useSyncVariablesForSuggestions } from './hooks/useSyncVariablesForSuggestions';
 import { useDashboardStore } from './store/useDashboardStore';
 import styles from './DashboardContainer.module.scss';
 import DashboardPageHeader from './components/DashboardPageHeader/DashboardPageHeader';
@@ -56,10 +55,6 @@ function DashboardContainer({
 	// the store, so each panel's query substitutes the bar's selected values.
 	useResolvedVariables(dashboard);
 
-	// Publish variables to the shared store so the query builder autocomplete
-	// suggests them ($variable) in the panel editor and dashboards-page builder.
-	useSyncVariablesForSuggestions(dashboard);
-
 	const spec = dashboard.spec;
 	const image = dashboard.image || Base64Icons[0];
 	const name = spec.display.name;

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/optimistic/__tests__/applyJsonPatch.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+import type { DashboardtypesJSONPatchOperationDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+import { DashboardtypesPatchOpDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+
+import { applyJsonPatch } from '../applyJsonPatch';
+
+const { add, replace, remove, move, test: testOp } = DashboardtypesPatchOpDTO;
+
+function op(
+	o: DashboardtypesPatchOpDTO,
+	path: string,
+	value?: unknown,
+): DashboardtypesJSONPatchOperationDTO {
+	return { op: o, path, value };
+}
+
+// A trimmed dashboard-spec shape; the applier is structural, so this stands in
+// for the full DTO.
+function spec(): Record<string, unknown> {
+	return {
+		spec: {
+			display: { name: 'dash' },
+			panels: { p1: { spec: { display: { name: 'A' } } } },
+			layouts: [
+				{ spec: { display: { title: 'S1' }, items: [{ x: 0 }] } },
+				{ spec: { items: [] } },
+			],
+			variables: [{ name: 'env' }],
+		},
+	};
+}
+
+describe('applyJsonPatch', () => {
+	it('does not mutate the input document', () => {
+		const doc = spec();
+		const snapshot = JSON.stringify(doc);
+		applyJsonPatch(doc, [op(replace, '/spec/display/name', 'renamed')]);
+		expect(JSON.stringify(doc)).toBe(snapshot);
+	});
+
+	it('replaces a leaf string', () => {
+		const next = applyJsonPatch(spec(), [
+			op(replace, '/spec/layouts/0/spec/display/title', 'S1-renamed'),
+		]);
+		const layouts = (next.spec as any).layouts;
+		expect(layouts[0].spec.display.title).toBe('S1-renamed');
+	});
+
+	it('adds a new object member (panel by id)', () => {
+		const next = applyJsonPatch(spec(), [
+			op(add, '/spec/panels/p2', { spec: { display: { name: 'B' } } }),
+		]);
+		expect((next.spec as any).panels.p2.spec.display.name).toBe('B');
+		// existing member untouched
+		expect((next.spec as any).panels.p1.spec.display.name).toBe('A');
+	});
+
+	it('appends to an array with the "-" token', () => {
+		const next = applyJsonPatch(spec(), [
+			op(add, '/spec/layouts/-', { spec: { items: [] } }),
+		]);
+		expect((next.spec as any).layouts).toHaveLength(3);
+	});
+
+	it('appends an item into a nested section array', () => {
+		const next = applyJsonPatch(spec(), [
+			op(add, '/spec/layouts/1/spec/items/-', { x: 5 }),
+		]);
+		expect((next.spec as any).layouts[1].spec.items).toStrictEqual([{ x: 5 }]);
+	});
+
+	it('replaces a whole array', () => {
+		const next = applyJsonPatch(spec(), [
+			op(replace, '/spec/variables', [{ name: 'region' }, { name: 'pod' }]),
+		]);
+		expect((next.spec as any).variables).toStrictEqual([
+			{ name: 'region' },
+			{ name: 'pod' },
+		]);
+	});
+
+	it('removes an array element by index (section)', () => {
+		const next = applyJsonPatch(spec(), [op(remove, '/spec/layouts/0')]);
+		const layouts = (next.spec as any).layouts;
+		expect(layouts).toHaveLength(1);
+		expect(layouts[0].spec.items).toStrictEqual([]);
+	});
+
+	it('removes an object member (panel by id)', () => {
+		const next = applyJsonPatch(spec(), [op(remove, '/spec/panels/p1')]);
+		expect((next.spec as any).panels).toStrictEqual({});
+	});
+
+	it('adds a missing object parent for an add op (title untitled section)', () => {
+		const next = applyJsonPatch(spec(), [
+			op(add, '/spec/layouts/1/spec/display', { title: 'S2' }),
+		]);
+		expect((next.spec as any).layouts[1].spec.display).toStrictEqual({
+			title: 'S2',
+		});
+	});
+
+	it('is lenient: remove on a missing path is a no-op', () => {
+		const next = applyJsonPatch(spec(), [op(remove, '/spec/panels/ghost')]);
+		expect((next.spec as any).panels.p1).toBeDefined();
+	});
+
+	it('is lenient: a path through a missing node is skipped', () => {
+		const next = applyJsonPatch(spec(), [op(replace, '/spec/nope/deep/leaf', 1)]);
+		expect(next).toStrictEqual(spec());
+	});
+
+	it('unescapes ~1 and ~0 in reference tokens', () => {
+		const doc = { spec: { m: { 'a/b': 1, 'c~d': 2 } } };
+		const next = applyJsonPatch(doc, [
+			op(replace, '/spec/m/a~1b', 9),
+			op(replace, '/spec/m/c~0d', 8),
+		]);
+		expect(next.spec.m).toStrictEqual({ 'a/b': 9, 'c~d': 8 });
+	});
+
+	it('applies multiple ops in order', () => {
+		const next = applyJsonPatch(spec(), [
+			op(add, '/spec/panels/p2', { spec: {} }),
+			op(remove, '/spec/panels/p1'),
+			op(replace, '/spec/display/name', 'z'),
+		]);
+		expect(Object.keys((next.spec as any).panels)).toStrictEqual(['p2']);
+		expect((next.spec as any).display.name).toBe('z');
+	});
+
+	it('treats move/copy/test as no-ops', () => {
+		const next = applyJsonPatch(spec(), [
+			op(move, '/spec/display/name'),
+			op(testOp, '/spec/display/name', 'dash'),
+		]);
+		expect(next).toStrictEqual(spec());
+	});
+});

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/optimistic/applyJsonPatch.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+import type { DashboardtypesJSONPatchOperationDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+import { DashboardtypesPatchOpDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+import { cloneDeep } from 'lodash-es';
+
+/**
+ * Applies the RFC-6902 ops our `patchOps` builders emit to a document, so a
+ * dashboard edit can be reflected in the react-query cache optimistically before
+ * the server responds. Pure: deep-clones and returns a new document, never
+ * mutating the input.
+ *
+ * Deliberately lenient — mirrors the backend's apply (a `remove`/`replace` on a
+ * missing path is a no-op, `add` creates missing object parents) rather than
+ * throwing as strict RFC-6902 would. This is safe because the mutation always
+ * refetches on settle, so any mis-applied edge op self-corrects; the applier only
+ * needs to be right for the common case to kill the perceived lag.
+ *
+ * Scope: `add` / `replace` / `remove` (the only ops the builders produce).
+ * `move` / `copy` / `test` are never emitted, so they are treated as no-ops.
+ */
+export function applyJsonPatch<T>(
+	doc: T,
+	ops: DashboardtypesJSONPatchOperationDTO[],
+): T {
+	const next = cloneDeep(doc);
+	ops.forEach((op) => applyOperation(next as unknown, op));
+	return next;
+}
+
+type JsonRecord = Record<string, unknown>;
+
+function isArray(value: unknown): value is unknown[] {
+	return Array.isArray(value);
+}
+
+function isRecord(value: unknown): value is JsonRecord {
+	return typeof value === 'object' && value !== null && !Array.isArray(value);
+}
+
+/** Unescape one JSON-Pointer reference token (RFC-6901): `~1`→`/`, `~0`→`~`. */
+function unescapeToken(token: string): string {
+	return token.replace(/~1/g, '/').replace(/~0/g, '~');
+}
+
+/** Parse a JSON Pointer into its reference tokens (`""`/`"/"` → root, `[]`). */
+function parsePointer(path: string): string[] {
+	if (!path || path === '/') {
+		return [];
+	}
+	return path.slice(1).split('/').map(unescapeToken);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Walks to the container that holds the pointer's last token. Returns `undefined`
+ * when the path can't be resolved (lenient skip). For `add`, missing intermediate
+ * object nodes are created (backend parity); array steps are never auto-created.
+ */
+function navigateToParent(
+	root: unknown,
+	tokens: string[],
+	createMissing: boolean,
+): unknown {
+	let current: unknown = root;
+	for (let i = 0; i < tokens.length - 1; i += 1) {
+		const token = tokens[i];
+		if (isArray(current)) {
+			const index = token === '-' ? current.length : Number(token);
+			current = current[index];
+		} else if (isRecord(current)) {
+			if (current[token] === undefined && createMissing) {
+				current[token] = {};
+			}
+			current = current[token];
+		} else {
+			return undefined;
+		}
+		if (current === undefined || current === null) {
+			return undefined;
+		}
+	}
+	return current;
+}
+
+/** `add`: array-insert (`-` = append) or object-set. */
+function addAt(parent: unknown, key: string, value: unknown): void {
+	if (isArray(parent)) {
+		const index = key === '-' ? parent.length : Number(key);
+		parent.splice(index, 0, value);
+	} else if (isRecord(parent)) {
+		parent[key] = value;
+	}
+}
+
+/** `replace`: overwrite an in-range array index or an object key. */
+function replaceAt(parent: unknown, key: string, value: unknown): void {
+	if (isArray(parent)) {
+		const index = Number(key);
+		if (index >= 0 && index < parent.length) {
+			parent[index] = value;
+		}
+	} else if (isRecord(parent)) {
+		parent[key] = value;
+	}
+}
+
+/** `remove`: splice an in-range array index or delete an object key (lenient). */
+function removeAt(parent: unknown, key: string): void {
+	if (isArray(parent)) {
+		const index = Number(key);
+		if (index >= 0 && index < parent.length) {
+			parent.splice(index, 1);
+		}
+	} else if (isRecord(parent)) {
+		delete parent[key];
+	}
+}
+
+function applyOperation(
+	root: unknown,
+	op: DashboardtypesJSONPatchOperationDTO,
+): void {
+	const tokens = parsePointer(op.path);
+	// Whole-document ops would need to reassign the root reference — our builders
+	// never target root, so skip rather than complicate the contract.
+	if (tokens.length === 0) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	const parent = navigateToParent(
+		root,
+		tokens,
+		op.op === DashboardtypesPatchOpDTO.add,
+	);
+	if (parent === undefined || parent === null) {
+		return;
+	}
+	const key = tokens[tokens.length - 1];
+
+	// move / copy / test are never emitted by our builders → no-op (reconciled by refetch).
+	if (op.op === DashboardtypesPatchOpDTO.add) {
+		addAt(parent, key, op.value);
+	} else if (op.op === DashboardtypesPatchOpDTO.replace) {
+		replaceAt(parent, key, op.value);
+	} else if (op.op === DashboardtypesPatchOpDTO.remove) {
+		removeAt(parent, key);
+	}
+}

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/queryV5/__tests__/persesQueryAdapters.test.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
-import type { DashboardtypesQueryDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+import type {
+	DashboardtypesQueryDTO,
+	Querybuildertypesv5QueryEnvelopeDTO,
+} from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import { initialQueriesMap, PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
 import type { Query } from 'types/api/queryBuilder/queryBuilderData';
 import { EQueryType } from 'types/common/dashboard';
 import { DataSource } from 'types/common/queryBuilder';
 
-import { fromPerses, toPerses } from '../persesQueryAdapters';
+import { envelopesToQuery, fromPerses, toPerses } from '../persesQueryAdapters';
 
 /** A bare perses query (single plugin, not wrapped in a CompositeQuery). */
 function bareQuery(
@@ -58,6 +61,26 @@ describe('persesQueryAdapters', () => {
 		});
 	});
 
+	describe('envelopesToQuery', () => {
+		it('returns the metrics default for an empty envelope list', () => {
+			expect(envelopesToQuery([], PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES)).toStrictEqual(
+				initialQueriesMap[DataSource.METRICS],
+			);
+		});
+
+		it('maps a promql envelope to a PromQL query', () => {
+			const envelopes: Querybuildertypesv5QueryEnvelopeDTO[] = [
+				{
+					type: 'promql',
+					spec: { name: 'A', query: 'up', disabled: false },
+				} as unknown as Querybuildertypesv5QueryEnvelopeDTO,
+			];
+			expect(envelopesToQuery(envelopes, PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES).queryType).toBe(
+				EQueryType.PROM,
+			);
+		});
+	});
+
 	describe('toPerses', () => {
 		it('wraps the query in a single signoz/CompositeQuery keyed to the panel request type', () => {
 			const result = toPerses(

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/queryV5/getReferencedVariables.ts

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-import type { DashboardtypesQueryDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
-import { textContainsVariableReference } from 'lib/dashboardVariables/variableReference';
-
-import { toQueryEnvelopes } from './buildQueryRangeRequest';
-
-// Envelope spec fields that can carry a variable reference: a builder query's
-// filter expression, or a PromQL/ClickHouse query string.
-interface ReferenceableSpec {
-	query?: string;
-	filter?: { expression?: string };
-}
-
-/** Every text string in a panel's queries that could reference a variable. */
-function extractQueryTexts(queries: DashboardtypesQueryDTO[]): string[] {
-	const texts: string[] = [];
-	toQueryEnvelopes(queries).forEach((envelope) => {
-		const spec = envelope.spec as ReferenceableSpec | undefined;
-		if (typeof spec?.query === 'string') {
-			texts.push(spec.query);
-		}
-		if (typeof spec?.filter?.expression === 'string') {
-			texts.push(spec.filter.expression);
-		}
-	});
-	return texts;
-}
-
-/**
- * The subset of `variableNames` a panel's queries reference (`$name`, `{{.name}}`,
- * `[[name]]`), so a variable change only refetches the panels that actually use it.
- * Reuses the shared text-based reference detector over the panel's filter/query text.
- */
-export function getReferencedVariables(
-	queries: DashboardtypesQueryDTO[],
-	variableNames: string[],
-): string[] {
-	if (queries.length === 0 || variableNames.length === 0) {
-		return [];
-	}
-	const texts = extractQueryTexts(queries);
-	if (texts.length === 0) {
-		return [];
-	}
-	return variableNames.filter((name) =>
-		texts.some((text) => textContainsVariableReference(text, name)),
-	);
-}

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/queryV5/persesQueryAdapters.ts

@@ -74,14 +74,14 @@ export function deriveQueryType(
 }
 
 /**
- * Perses panel queries → V1 `Query` (to seed the query builder), via the V5 envelope
- * list + `mapQueryDataFromApi`. An empty panel opens on a fresh metrics builder query.
+ * V5 query-envelope list → V1 `Query`, via `mapQueryDataFromApi`. An empty list opens
+ * on a fresh metrics builder query. Used by `fromPerses` and by the envelopes a
+ * `/substitute_vars` round-trip returns with dashboard variables resolved.
  */
-export function fromPerses(
-	queries: DashboardtypesQueryDTO[],
+export function envelopesToQuery(
+	envelopes: Querybuildertypesv5QueryEnvelopeDTO[],
 	panelType: PANEL_TYPES,
 ): Query {
-	const envelopes = toQueryEnvelopes(queries);
 	if (envelopes.length === 0) {
 		return initialQueriesMap[DataSource.METRICS];
 	}
@@ -99,6 +99,17 @@ export function fromPerses(
 	return mapQueryDataFromApi(composite);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Perses panel queries → V1 `Query` (to seed the query builder), via the V5 envelope
+ * list + `mapQueryDataFromApi`. An empty panel opens on a fresh metrics builder query.
+ */
+export function fromPerses(
+	queries: DashboardtypesQueryDTO[],
+	panelType: PANEL_TYPES,
+): Query {
+	return envelopesToQuery(toQueryEnvelopes(queries), panelType);
+}
+
 /**
  * V1 `Query` → perses panel queries (to write the builder result back to the editor
  * draft). Wrapped in a single `signoz/CompositeQuery` to satisfy the

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/store/slices/__tests__/variableFetchSlice.test.ts

@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-import {
-	emptyVariableFormModel,
-	type VariableFormModel,
-} from '../../../DashboardSettings/Variables/variableFormModel';
-import { deriveFetchContext } from '../../../VariablesBar/variableDependencies';
-import { useDashboardStore } from '../../useDashboardStore';
-
-function model(overrides: Partial<VariableFormModel>): VariableFormModel {
-	return { ...emptyVariableFormModel(), ...overrides };
-}
-
-// q1 (root query) → q2 (query referencing $q1) ; d1 (dynamic).
-const q1 = model({ name: 'q1', type: 'QUERY', queryValue: 'SELECT 1' });
-const q2 = model({ name: 'q2', type: 'QUERY', queryValue: 'SELECT $q1' });
-const d1 = model({ name: 'd1', type: 'DYNAMIC', dynamicAttribute: 'pod' });
-const context = deriveFetchContext([q1, q2, d1]);
-
-function store(): ReturnType<typeof useDashboardStore.getState> {
-	return useDashboardStore.getState();
-}
-function states(): Record<string, string> {
-	return store().variableFetchStates;
-}
-
-beforeEach(() => {
-	useDashboardStore.setState({
-		variableFetchStates: {},
-		variableLastUpdated: {},
-		variableCycleIds: {},
-		variableFetchContext: null,
-	});
-	store().initVariableFetch(['q1', 'q2', 'd1'], context);
-});
-
-describe('variableFetchSlice', () => {
-	it('initializes every variable to idle', () => {
-		expect(states()).toStrictEqual({ q1: 'idle', q2: 'idle', d1: 'idle' });
-	});
-
-	it('enqueueFetchAll loads roots, waits dependents and (ungated) dynamics', () => {
-		store().enqueueFetchAll(false);
-		expect(states()).toStrictEqual({
-			q1: 'loading',
-			q2: 'waiting',
-			d1: 'waiting',
-		});
-		expect(store().variableCycleIds).toStrictEqual({ q1: 1, q2: 1, d1: 1 });
-	});
-
-	it('enqueueFetchAll loads dynamics immediately when query values exist', () => {
-		store().enqueueFetchAll(true);
-		expect(states().d1).toBe('loading');
-	});
-
-	it('completing a parent unblocks its query child, then unlocks dynamics', () => {
-		store().enqueueFetchAll(false);
-		store().onVariableFetchComplete('q1');
-		expect(states()).toMatchObject({ q1: 'idle', q2: 'loading', d1: 'waiting' });
-
-		store().onVariableFetchComplete('q2');
-		expect(states()).toMatchObject({ q1: 'idle', q2: 'idle', d1: 'loading' });
-	});
-
-	it('enqueueDescendants revalidates only descendants + dynamics', () => {
-		store().enqueueFetchAll(false);
-		store().onVariableFetchComplete('q1');
-		store().onVariableFetchComplete('q2');
-		store().onVariableFetchComplete('d1');
-
-		store().enqueueDescendants('q1');
-		// q2 depends on q1 (settled) → revalidates; d1 waits (q2 no longer settled).
-		expect(states().q2).toBe('revalidating');
-		expect(states().d1).toBe('waiting');
-	});
-
-	it('a failed parent idles its query descendants', () => {
-		store().enqueueFetchAll(false);
-		store().onVariableFetchFailure('q1');
-		expect(states().q1).toBe('error');
-		expect(states().q2).toBe('idle');
-	});
-});

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/store/slices/variableFetchSlice.ts

@@ -1,244 +0,0 @@
-import type { StateCreator } from 'zustand';
-
-import type { VariableFetchContext } from '../../VariablesBar/variableDependencies';
-import type { DashboardStore } from '../useDashboardStore';
-import {
-	areAllQueryVariablesSettled,
-	type FetchMaps,
-	isSettled,
-	resolveFetchState,
-	unlockWaitingDynamicVariables,
-	type VariableFetchState,
-} from './variableFetchSlice.utils';
-
-export type { VariableFetchState } from './variableFetchSlice.utils';
-
-/**
- * Runtime fetch orchestration for dashboard variables — native port of V1's
- * `variableFetchStore`. Decides WHEN each variable's options fetch: query
- * variables in dependency order, dynamics together once query values exist,
- * text/custom never. `cycleIds` is a per-variable request nonce keyed into each
- * selector's react-query key (bump = fresh fetch, auto-cancel stale). Transient.
- * `enqueueFetchAll` = load/time change; `enqueueDescendants` = one value changed.
- */
-export interface VariableFetchSlice {
-	variableFetchStates: Record<string, VariableFetchState>;
-	variableLastUpdated: Record<string, number>;
-	variableCycleIds: Record<string, number>;
-	/** Static dependency context, set by `initVariableFetch` (null before init). */
-	variableFetchContext: VariableFetchContext | null;
-
-	/** Seed state entries for the current variable set and store the context. */
-	initVariableFetch: (names: string[], context: VariableFetchContext) => void;
-	/** Start a full fetch cycle for every fetchable variable (load / time change). */
-	enqueueFetchAll: (doAllQueryVariablesHaveValuesSelected: boolean) => void;
-	/** Mark a variable's fetch as done; unblock its waiting children / dynamics. */
-	onVariableFetchComplete: (name: string) => void;
-	/** Mark a variable's fetch as failed; idle its query descendants. */
-	onVariableFetchFailure: (name: string) => void;
-	/** Cascade a value change to a variable's query descendants + the dynamics. */
-	enqueueDescendants: (name: string) => void;
-}
-
-/** Snapshot the three fetch maps into mutable clones for a single action. */
-function cloneMaps(state: DashboardStore): FetchMaps {
-	return {
-		states: { ...state.variableFetchStates },
-		lastUpdated: { ...state.variableLastUpdated },
-		cycleIds: { ...state.variableCycleIds },
-	};
-}
-
-export const createVariableFetchSlice: StateCreator<
-	DashboardStore,
-	[['zustand/persist', unknown]],
-	[],
-	VariableFetchSlice
-> = (set, get) => ({
-	variableFetchStates: {},
-	variableLastUpdated: {},
-	variableCycleIds: {},
-	variableFetchContext: null,
-
-	initVariableFetch: (names, context): void => {
-		const maps = cloneMaps(get());
-		// Initialize new variables to idle, preserving existing states.
-		names.forEach((name) => {
-			if (!maps.states[name]) {
-				maps.states[name] = 'idle';
-			}
-		});
-		// Drop entries for variables that no longer exist.
-		const nameSet = new Set(names);
-		Object.keys(maps.states).forEach((name) => {
-			if (!nameSet.has(name)) {
-				delete maps.states[name];
-				delete maps.lastUpdated[name];
-				delete maps.cycleIds[name];
-			}
-		});
-		set({
-			variableFetchStates: maps.states,
-			variableLastUpdated: maps.lastUpdated,
-			variableCycleIds: maps.cycleIds,
-			variableFetchContext: context,
-		});
-	},
-
-	enqueueFetchAll: (doAllQueryVariablesHaveValuesSelected): void => {
-		const { variableFetchContext } = get();
-		if (!variableFetchContext) {
-			return;
-		}
-		const {
-			dependencyData,
-			variableTypes,
-			queryVariableOrder,
-			dynamicVariableOrder,
-		} = variableFetchContext;
-		const maps = cloneMaps(get());
-
-		// Query variables: roots start immediately, dependents wait for parents.
-		queryVariableOrder.forEach((name) => {
-			maps.cycleIds[name] = (maps.cycleIds[name] || 0) + 1;
-			const parents = dependencyData.parentGraph[name] || [];
-			const hasQueryParents = parents.some((p) => variableTypes[p] === 'QUERY');
-			maps.states[name] = hasQueryParents
-				? 'waiting'
-				: resolveFetchState(maps, name);
-		});
-
-		// Dynamic variables: start now if query variables already have values,
-		// otherwise wait until the query variables settle.
-		dynamicVariableOrder.forEach((name) => {
-			maps.cycleIds[name] = (maps.cycleIds[name] || 0) + 1;
-			maps.states[name] = doAllQueryVariablesHaveValuesSelected
-				? resolveFetchState(maps, name)
-				: 'waiting';
-		});
-
-		set({
-			variableFetchStates: maps.states,
-			variableLastUpdated: maps.lastUpdated,
-			variableCycleIds: maps.cycleIds,
-		});
-	},
-
-	onVariableFetchComplete: (name): void => {
-		const { variableFetchContext } = get();
-		const maps = cloneMaps(get());
-		maps.states[name] = 'idle';
-		maps.lastUpdated[name] = Date.now();
-
-		if (variableFetchContext) {
-			const { dependencyData, variableTypes, dynamicVariableOrder } =
-				variableFetchContext;
-			// Unblock waiting query-type children.
-			(dependencyData.graph[name] || []).forEach((child) => {
-				if (variableTypes[child] === 'QUERY' && maps.states[child] === 'waiting') {
-					maps.states[child] = resolveFetchState(maps, child);
-				}
-			});
-			// Once all query variables settle, unlock any waiting dynamics.
-			if (
-				variableTypes[name] === 'QUERY' &&
-				areAllQueryVariablesSettled(maps.states, variableTypes)
-			) {
-				unlockWaitingDynamicVariables(maps, dynamicVariableOrder);
-			}
-		}
-
-		set({
-			variableFetchStates: maps.states,
-			variableLastUpdated: maps.lastUpdated,
-			variableCycleIds: maps.cycleIds,
-		});
-	},
-
-	onVariableFetchFailure: (name): void => {
-		const { variableFetchContext } = get();
-		const maps = cloneMaps(get());
-		maps.states[name] = 'error';
-
-		if (variableFetchContext) {
-			const { dependencyData, variableTypes, dynamicVariableOrder } =
-				variableFetchContext;
-			// Query descendants can't proceed without this parent — idle them.
-			(dependencyData.transitiveDescendants[name] || []).forEach((desc) => {
-				if (variableTypes[desc] === 'QUERY') {
-					maps.states[desc] = 'idle';
-				}
-			});
-			if (
-				variableTypes[name] === 'QUERY' &&
-				areAllQueryVariablesSettled(maps.states, variableTypes)
-			) {
-				unlockWaitingDynamicVariables(maps, dynamicVariableOrder);
-			}
-		}
-
-		set({
-			variableFetchStates: maps.states,
-			variableLastUpdated: maps.lastUpdated,
-			variableCycleIds: maps.cycleIds,
-		});
-	},
-
-	enqueueDescendants: (name): void => {
-		const { variableFetchContext } = get();
-		if (!variableFetchContext) {
-			return;
-		}
-		const { dependencyData, variableTypes, dynamicVariableOrder } =
-			variableFetchContext;
-		const maps = cloneMaps(get());
-
-		// Query descendants: refetch when all their parents are settled, else wait.
-		(dependencyData.transitiveDescendants[name] || [])
-			.filter((desc) => variableTypes[desc] === 'QUERY')
-			.forEach((desc) => {
-				maps.cycleIds[desc] = (maps.cycleIds[desc] || 0) + 1;
-				const parents = dependencyData.parentGraph[desc] || [];
-				const allParentsSettled = parents.every((p) => isSettled(maps.states[p]));
-				maps.states[desc] = allParentsSettled
-					? resolveFetchState(maps, desc)
-					: 'waiting';
-			});
-
-		// Dynamics implicitly depend on all query values: refetch now if the query
-		// variables are settled, otherwise wait for them.
-		dynamicVariableOrder.forEach((dynName) => {
-			maps.cycleIds[dynName] = (maps.cycleIds[dynName] || 0) + 1;
-			maps.states[dynName] = areAllQueryVariablesSettled(
-				maps.states,
-				variableTypes,
-			)
-				? resolveFetchState(maps, dynName)
-				: 'waiting';
-		});
-
-		set({
-			variableFetchStates: maps.states,
-			variableLastUpdated: maps.lastUpdated,
-			variableCycleIds: maps.cycleIds,
-		});
-	},
-});
-
-/** Selector: the fetch state for a single variable (defaults to idle). */
-export const selectVariableFetchState =
-	(name: string) =>
-	(state: DashboardStore): VariableFetchState =>
-		state.variableFetchStates[name] ?? 'idle';
-
-/** Selector: the current fetch cycle id for a single variable (defaults to 0). */
-export const selectVariableCycleId =
-	(name: string) =>
-	(state: DashboardStore): number =>
-		state.variableCycleIds[name] ?? 0;
-
-/** Selector: whether a variable has completed at least one fetch. */
-export const selectVariableFetchedOnce =
-	(name: string) =>
-	(state: DashboardStore): boolean =>
-		(state.variableLastUpdated[name] ?? 0) > 0;

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/store/slices/variableFetchSlice.utils.ts

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-import type { VariableType } from '../../DashboardSettings/Variables/variableFormModel';
-
-/** Per-variable fetch lifecycle (ported from V1's `variableFetchStore`). */
-export type VariableFetchState =
-	| 'idle'
-	| 'loading'
-	| 'revalidating'
-	| 'waiting'
-	| 'error';
-
-/** Mutable clones a fetch action works over before committing back in one `set`. */
-export interface FetchMaps {
-	states: Record<string, VariableFetchState>;
-	lastUpdated: Record<string, number>;
-	cycleIds: Record<string, number>;
-}
-
-/** Settled = can make no further progress (idle or error). */
-export function isSettled(state: VariableFetchState | undefined): boolean {
-	return state === 'idle' || state === 'error';
-}
-
-/** Fetch-start state: `revalidating` if fetched before, else `loading`. */
-export function resolveFetchState(
-	maps: FetchMaps,
-	name: string,
-): VariableFetchState {
-	return (maps.lastUpdated[name] || 0) > 0 ? 'revalidating' : 'loading';
-}
-
-/** True once every QUERY variable is settled. */
-export function areAllQueryVariablesSettled(
-	states: Record<string, VariableFetchState>,
-	variableTypes: Record<string, VariableType>,
-): boolean {
-	return Object.entries(variableTypes)
-		.filter(([, type]) => type === 'QUERY')
-		.every(([name]) => isSettled(states[name]));
-}
-
-/** Move any `waiting` dynamic variables into loading/revalidating. */
-export function unlockWaitingDynamicVariables(
-	maps: FetchMaps,
-	dynamicVariableOrder: string[],
-): void {
-	dynamicVariableOrder.forEach((dynName) => {
-		if (maps.states[dynName] === 'waiting') {
-			maps.states[dynName] = resolveFetchState(maps, dynName);
-		}
-	});
-}

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/store/useDashboardStore.ts

@@ -13,15 +13,10 @@ import {
 	createVariableSelectionSlice,
 	type VariableSelectionSlice,
 } from './slices/variableSelectionSlice';
-import {
-	createVariableFetchSlice,
-	type VariableFetchSlice,
-} from './slices/variableFetchSlice';
 
 export type DashboardStore = EditContextSlice &
 	CollapseSlice &
-	VariableSelectionSlice &
-	VariableFetchSlice;
+	VariableSelectionSlice;
 
 /**
  * V2 dashboard session store. Holds cross-cutting client state only — never the
@@ -36,7 +31,6 @@ export const useDashboardStore = create<DashboardStore>()(
 			...createEditContextSlice(...a),
 			...createCollapseSlice(...a),
 			...createVariableSelectionSlice(...a),
-			...createVariableFetchSlice(...a),
 		}),
 		{
 			name: '@signoz/dashboard-v2',

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/PanelEditorPage/PanelEditorPage.tsx

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import {
 	parseNewPanelKind,
 	parseNewPanelLayoutIndex,
 } from '../DashboardContainer/PanelEditor/newPanelRoute';
-import { useSyncVariablesForSuggestions } from '../DashboardContainer/hooks/useSyncVariablesForSuggestions';
 import { createDefaultPanel } from '../DashboardContainer/patchOps';
 import styles from './PanelEditorPage.module.scss';
 
@@ -41,9 +40,6 @@ function PanelEditorPage(): JSX.Element {
 	});
 	const dashboard = data?.data;
 
-	// Feed variables to the query builder autocomplete inside the editor.
-	useSyncVariablesForSuggestions(dashboard);
-
 	// A `panel/new?panelKind=…` route means "create": seed a default panel of that
 	// kind rather than looking one up. Persisted (with a real id) only on save.
 	const newKind = parseNewPanelKind(panelId, search);