feat(dashboards): add an axis to scatter plot thresholds

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5.5

docs/api/openapi.yml

@@ -3425,6 +3425,13 @@ components:
           nullable: true
           type: number
       type: object
+    DashboardtypesAxisScale:
+      enum:
+      - auto
+      - linear
+      - log
+      - symlog
+      type: string
     DashboardtypesBarChartPanelSpec:
       properties:
         axes:
@@ -4167,6 +4174,7 @@ components:
           signoz/ListPanel: '#/components/schemas/DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesListPanelSpec'
           signoz/NumberPanel: '#/components/schemas/DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesNumberPanelSpec'
           signoz/PieChartPanel: '#/components/schemas/DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesPieChartPanelSpec'
+          signoz/ScatterPlotPanel: '#/components/schemas/DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesScatterPlotPanelSpec'
           signoz/TablePanel: '#/components/schemas/DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesTablePanelSpec'
           signoz/TextPanel: '#/components/schemas/DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesTextPanelSpec'
           signoz/TimeSeriesPanel: '#/components/schemas/DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesTimeSeriesPanelSpec'
@@ -4182,6 +4190,7 @@ components:
       - $ref: '#/components/schemas/DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesListPanelSpec'
       - $ref: '#/components/schemas/DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesTextPanelSpec'
       - $ref: '#/components/schemas/DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesHeatmapPanelSpec'
+      - $ref: '#/components/schemas/DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesScatterPlotPanelSpec'
       type: object
     DashboardtypesPanelPluginKind:
       enum:
@@ -4195,6 +4204,7 @@ components:
       - signoz/ListPanel
       - signoz/TextPanel
       - signoz/HeatmapPanel
+      - signoz/ScatterPlotPanel
       type: string
     DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesAreaChartPanelSpec:
       properties:
@@ -4280,6 +4290,18 @@ components:
       - kind
       - spec
       type: object
+    DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesScatterPlotPanelSpec:
+      properties:
+        kind:
+          enum:
+          - signoz/ScatterPlotPanel
+          type: string
+        spec:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/DashboardtypesScatterPlotPanelSpec'
+      required:
+      - kind
+      - spec
+      type: object
     DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesTablePanelSpec:
       properties:
         kind:
@@ -4359,6 +4381,16 @@ components:
         visualization:
           $ref: '#/components/schemas/DashboardtypesBasicVisualization'
       type: object
+    DashboardtypesPointDiameter:
+      maximum: 40
+      minimum: 2
+      nullable: true
+      type: integer
+    DashboardtypesPointOpacity:
+      maximum: 1
+      minimum: 0.1
+      nullable: true
+      type: number
     DashboardtypesPostableDashboardV2:
       properties:
         generateName:
@@ -4532,6 +4564,104 @@ components:
       required:
       - queryValue
       type: object
+    DashboardtypesScatterPlotAxes:
+      properties:
+        x:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/DashboardtypesScatterPlotAxis'
+        "y":
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/DashboardtypesScatterPlotAxis'
+      type: object
+    DashboardtypesScatterPlotAxis:
+      properties:
+        label:
+          description: Axis title. Empty draws none.
+          type: string
+        scale:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/DashboardtypesAxisScale'
+        softMax:
+          nullable: true
+          type: number
+        softMin:
+          nullable: true
+          type: number
+      type: object
+    DashboardtypesScatterPlotChartAppearance:
+      properties:
+        points:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/DashboardtypesScatterPlotPoints'
+      type: object
+    DashboardtypesScatterPlotDimensions:
+      properties:
+        colorBy:
+          description: Group-by label names (e.g. k8s.namespace.name) whose combined
+            values colour dots and drive the legend. Empty colours by every group-by
+            label.
+          items:
+            type: string
+          nullable: true
+          type: array
+        sizeBy:
+          description: Value column key that scales dot size. Empty draws every dot
+            at the default size.
+          type: string
+        x:
+          description: Value column key (queryName, or queryName.expression for a
+            multi-aggregation query) plotted on the x axis. Empty uses the first value
+            column.
+          type: string
+        "y":
+          description: Value column key plotted on the y axis. Empty uses the second
+            value column.
+          type: string
+      type: object
+    DashboardtypesScatterPlotPanelSpec:
+      properties:
+        axes:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/DashboardtypesScatterPlotAxes'
+        chartAppearance:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/DashboardtypesScatterPlotChartAppearance'
+        dimensions:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/DashboardtypesScatterPlotDimensions'
+        formatting:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/DashboardtypesTableFormatting'
+        legend:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/DashboardtypesLegend'
+        thresholds:
+          items:
+            $ref: '#/components/schemas/DashboardtypesScatterPlotThreshold'
+          nullable: true
+          type: array
+        visualization:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/DashboardtypesBasicVisualization'
+      type: object
+    DashboardtypesScatterPlotPoints:
+      properties:
+        maxSize:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/DashboardtypesPointDiameter'
+        minSize:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/DashboardtypesPointDiameter'
+        opacity:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/DashboardtypesPointOpacity'
+        size:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/DashboardtypesPointDiameter'
+      type: object
+    DashboardtypesScatterPlotThreshold:
+      properties:
+        axis:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/DashboardtypesThresholdAxis'
+        color:
+          type: string
+        label:
+          type: string
+        unit:
+          type: string
+        value:
+          format: double
+          type: number
+      required:
+      - value
+      - color
+      type: object
     DashboardtypesSource:
       enum:
       - user
@@ -4645,6 +4775,11 @@ components:
       - value
       - name
       type: object
+    DashboardtypesThresholdAxis:
+      enum:
+      - x
+      - "y"
+      type: string
     DashboardtypesThresholdFormat:
       enum:
       - text

pkg/types/dashboardtypes/perses_dashboard_data.go

@@ -123,10 +123,22 @@ func (d *DashboardSpec) validatePanels() error {
 				return err
 			}
 		}
+		// validatePanelQueryCount left exactly one query for a spec that reads it.
+		if spec, ok := panel.Spec.Plugin.Spec.(queryBoundPanelSpec); ok {
+			if err := spec.validateAgainstQuery(panel.Spec.Queries[0], path+".spec.plugin.spec"); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
+// queryBoundPanelSpec is a panel spec with fields that depend on the panel's
+// query. It is checked after the query itself validates.
+type queryBoundPanelSpec interface {
+	validateAgainstQuery(query Query, path string) error
+}
+
 func validatePanelQueryCount(queries []Query, panelKind PanelPluginKind, path string) error {
 	if queries == nil {
 		return errors.NewInvalidInputf(ErrCodeDashboardInvalidInput, "%s.spec.queries: is required and must not be null; use [] for a panel that renders without a query", path)

pkg/types/dashboardtypes/perses_dashboard_test.go

@@ -1869,6 +1869,319 @@ func TestInvalidateAreaChartPanelSpecValues(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestScatterPlotPanelDefaults(t *testing.T) {
+	data := []byte(`{
+		"variables": [],
+		"panels": {
+			"p1": {
+				"kind": "Panel",
+				"spec": {
+					"links": [],
+					"plugin": {
+						"kind": "signoz/ScatterPlotPanel",
+						"spec": {}
+					},
+					"queries": [{"kind": "scalar", "spec": {"plugin": {"kind": "signoz/ClickHouseSQL", "spec": {"name": "A", "query": "SELECT 1"}}}}]
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"links": [],
+		"layouts": []
+	}`)
+	d, err := unmarshalDashboard(data)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unmarshal and validate failed")
+
+	require.IsType(t, &ScatterPlotPanelSpec{}, d.Panels["p1"].Spec.Plugin.Spec)
+	spec := d.Panels["p1"].Spec.Plugin.Spec.(*ScatterPlotPanelSpec)
+
+	assert.Empty(t, spec.Dimensions.X, "an omitted x stays empty so the renderer picks the first value column")
+	assert.Empty(t, spec.Dimensions.Y, "an omitted y stays empty so the renderer picks the second value column")
+	assert.Empty(t, spec.Dimensions.ColorBy, "an omitted colorBy stays empty so the renderer colours by every group-by label")
+	assert.Equal(t, "auto", spec.Axes.X.Scale.ValueOrDefault(), "expected x scale default auto")
+	assert.Equal(t, "auto", spec.Axes.Y.Scale.ValueOrDefault(), "expected y scale default auto")
+	assert.Nil(t, spec.Axes.X.SoftMin, "expected x softMin unset")
+	assert.Equal(t, "2", spec.Formatting.DecimalPrecision.ValueOrDefault(), "expected DecimalPrecision default 2")
+	assert.Equal(t, "global_time", spec.Visualization.TimePreference.ValueOrDefault(), "expected TimePreference default global_time")
+	assert.Equal(t, "bottom", spec.Legend.Position.ValueOrDefault(), "expected LegendPosition default bottom")
+
+	output, err := json.Marshal(d)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "marshal dashboard failed")
+	assert.Contains(t, string(output), `"axes":{"x":{"softMin":null,"softMax":null,"scale":"auto","label":""},"y":{"softMin":null,"softMax":null,"scale":"auto","label":""}}`, "expected default axes in stored/response JSON")
+	assert.Contains(t, string(output), `"dimensions":{"x":"","y":"","sizeBy":"","colorBy":null}`, "expected empty dimensions in stored/response JSON")
+	assert.Contains(t, string(output), `"chartAppearance":{"points":{"size":null,"minSize":null,"maxSize":null,"opacity":null}}`, "omitted point settings stay null so the renderer applies its defaults")
+}
+
+func TestValidateScatterPlotDashboard(t *testing.T) {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile("testdata/perses_scatter_plot_panel.json")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "reading example file")
+
+	spec, err := unmarshalDashboard(data)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unmarshal and validate failed")
+
+	require.IsType(t, &ScatterPlotPanelSpec{}, spec.Panels["p1"].Spec.Plugin.Spec)
+	panelSpec := spec.Panels["p1"].Spec.Plugin.Spec.(*ScatterPlotPanelSpec)
+	softMin, softMax := 0.0, 1000.0
+	size, minSize, maxSize, opacity := PointDiameter(8), PointDiameter(4), PointDiameter(24), PointOpacity(0.1)
+	assert.Equal(t, &ScatterPlotPanelSpec{
+		Visualization: BasicVisualization{TimePreference: TimePreferenceLast1Hr},
+		Dimensions:    ScatterPlotDimensions{X: "A.count()", Y: "A.p99(duration_nano)", SizeBy: "A.countIf(has_error = true)", ColorBy: []string{"k8s.namespace.name", "k8s.pod.name"}},
+		Formatting:    TableFormatting{ColumnUnits: map[string]string{"A.p99(duration_nano)": "ns"}, DecimalPrecision: PrecisionOption1},
+		Axes: ScatterPlotAxes{
+			X: ScatterPlotAxis{SoftMin: &softMin, Scale: AxisScaleLog, Label: "Throughput"},
+			Y: ScatterPlotAxis{SoftMax: &softMax, Scale: AxisScaleSymlog, Label: "p99 latency"},
+		},
+		ChartAppearance: ScatterPlotChartAppearance{Points: ScatterPlotPoints{Size: &size, MinSize: &minSize, MaxSize: &maxSize, Opacity: &opacity}},
+		Legend:          Legend{Position: LegendPositionRight, Mode: LegendModeList, CustomColors: map[string]string{"checkout": "#1f77b4"}},
+		Thresholds: []ScatterPlotThreshold{
+			{ThresholdWithLabel: ThresholdWithLabel{Value: 300, Unit: "ms", Color: "#f00", Label: "p99 SLO"}, Axis: ThresholdAxisY},
+			{ThresholdWithLabel: ThresholdWithLabel{Value: 50, Color: "#0f0"}, Axis: ThresholdAxisX},
+		},
+	}, panelSpec)
+
+	dashboard := &DashboardV2{Spec: *spec}
+	request, err := dashboard.GetPanelQuery(1, 2, "p1")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "building the panel's query failed")
+	assert.Equal(t, qb.RequestTypeScalar, request.RequestType)
+	require.NotNil(t, request.FormatOptions)
+	assert.True(t, request.FormatOptions.FormatTableResultForUI, "scatter rows are joined the way a table's are")
+
+	require.Len(t, request.CompositeQuery.Queries, 1)
+	query, ok := request.CompositeQuery.Queries[0].Spec.(qb.QueryBuilderQuery[qb.TraceAggregation])
+	require.True(t, ok, "expected a traces builder query")
+	assert.Len(t, query.Aggregations, 3)
+	assert.Len(t, query.GroupBy, 2)
+
+	require.NoError(t, request.Validate(), "the request built from the panel is not a valid scalar request")
+
+	// the panel read back out of storage draws the same scatter plot
+	stored, err := json.Marshal(spec)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "marshal dashboard failed")
+	reread, err := unmarshalDashboard(stored)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "the stored dashboard does not validate")
+	assert.Equal(t, panelSpec, reread.Panels["p1"].Spec.Plugin.Spec)
+	rereadRequest, err := (&DashboardV2{Spec: *reread}).GetPanelQuery(1, 2, "p1")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "building the stored panel's query failed")
+	assert.Equal(t, request, rereadRequest)
+}
+
+func TestInvalidateScatterPlotPanelSpecValues(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		scenario               string
+		panelKind              string
+		panelSpec              string
+		expectedErrorSubstring string
+	}{
+		{
+			scenario:               "unknown axis scale",
+			panelKind:              "signoz/ScatterPlotPanel",
+			panelSpec:              `{"axes": {"x": {"scale": "sqrt"}}}`,
+			expectedErrorSubstring: "invalid axis scale \"sqrt\": must be `auto`, `linear`, `log`, or `symlog`",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:               "non-string axis scale",
+			panelKind:              "signoz/ScatterPlotPanel",
+			panelSpec:              `{"axes": {"y": {"scale": true}}}`,
+			expectedErrorSubstring: "cannot unmarshal bool",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:               "isLogScale on a scatter plot axis",
+			panelKind:              "signoz/ScatterPlotPanel",
+			panelSpec:              `{"axes": {"x": {"isLogScale": true}}}`,
+			expectedErrorSubstring: "unknown field",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:               "single-axis axes shape on a scatter plot panel",
+			panelKind:              "signoz/ScatterPlotPanel",
+			panelSpec:              `{"axes": {"softMin": 0}}`,
+			expectedErrorSubstring: "unknown field",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:               "unknown threshold axis",
+			panelKind:              "signoz/ScatterPlotPanel",
+			panelSpec:              `{"thresholds": [{"value": 1, "color": "#f00", "axis": "z"}]}`,
+			expectedErrorSubstring: "invalid threshold axis \"z\": must be `x` or `y`",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:               "unknown dimension",
+			panelKind:              "signoz/ScatterPlotPanel",
+			panelSpec:              `{"dimensions": {"z": "A"}}`,
+			expectedErrorSubstring: "unknown field",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:               "point size below the minimum",
+			panelKind:              "signoz/ScatterPlotPanel",
+			panelSpec:              `{"chartAppearance": {"points": {"size": 1}}}`,
+			expectedErrorSubstring: "invalid point diameter 1: must be a whole number between 2 and 40",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:               "max point size above the maximum",
+			panelKind:              "signoz/ScatterPlotPanel",
+			panelSpec:              `{"chartAppearance": {"points": {"maxSize": 41}}}`,
+			expectedErrorSubstring: "invalid point diameter 41",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:               "fractional point size",
+			panelKind:              "signoz/ScatterPlotPanel",
+			panelSpec:              `{"chartAppearance": {"points": {"minSize": 4.5}}}`,
+			expectedErrorSubstring: "cannot unmarshal number 4.5",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:               "min point size above max",
+			panelKind:              "signoz/ScatterPlotPanel",
+			panelSpec:              `{"chartAppearance": {"points": {"minSize": 20, "maxSize": 10}}}`,
+			expectedErrorSubstring: "minSize 20 must not exceed maxSize 10",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:               "point opacity below the floor",
+			panelKind:              "signoz/ScatterPlotPanel",
+			panelSpec:              `{"chartAppearance": {"points": {"opacity": 0.05}}}`,
+			expectedErrorSubstring: "invalid point opacity 0.05: must be between 0.1 and 1",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:               "point opacity as a percentage",
+			panelKind:              "signoz/ScatterPlotPanel",
+			panelSpec:              `{"chartAppearance": {"points": {"opacity": 70}}}`,
+			expectedErrorSubstring: "invalid point opacity 70",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:               "area fill fields on a scatter plot",
+			panelKind:              "signoz/ScatterPlotPanel",
+			panelSpec:              `{"chartAppearance": {"fillOpacity": 0.5}}`,
+			expectedErrorSubstring: "unknown field",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:               "a single colour key as a string",
+			panelKind:              "signoz/ScatterPlotPanel",
+			panelSpec:              `{"dimensions": {"colorBy": "service.name"}}`,
+			expectedErrorSubstring: "cannot unmarshal string",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:               "panel-wide unit on a scatter plot panel",
+			panelKind:              "signoz/ScatterPlotPanel",
+			panelSpec:              `{"formatting": {"unit": "ms"}}`,
+			expectedErrorSubstring: "unknown field",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:               "threshold without a color",
+			panelKind:              "signoz/ScatterPlotPanel",
+			panelSpec:              `{"thresholds": [{"value": 300}]}`,
+			expectedErrorSubstring: "Color' Error:Field validation for 'Color' failed on the 'required' tag",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:               "scale on a time series panel",
+			panelKind:              "signoz/TimeSeriesPanel",
+			panelSpec:              `{"axes": {"scale": "log"}}`,
+			expectedErrorSubstring: "unknown field",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.scenario, func(t *testing.T) {
+			data := []byte(`{
+				"variables": [],
+				"panels": {
+					"p1": {
+						"kind": "Panel",
+						"spec": {
+							"links": [],
+							"plugin": {"kind": "` + test.panelKind + `", "spec": ` + test.panelSpec + `},
+							"queries": [{"kind": "scalar", "spec": {"plugin": {"kind": "signoz/ClickHouseSQL", "spec": {"name": "A", "query": "SELECT 1"}}}}]
+						}
+					}
+				},
+				"links": [],
+				"layouts": []
+			}`)
+			_, err := unmarshalDashboard(data)
+			require.Error(t, err, "expected the spec to be rejected")
+			assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), test.expectedErrorSubstring, "unexpected error message: %s", err.Error())
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestScatterPlotDimensionsBindToQuery(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		scenario               string
+		queryPlugin            string
+		dimensions             string
+		expectedErrorSubstring string
+	}{
+		{
+			scenario:    "a single-aggregation query is one value column keyed by its name",
+			queryPlugin: `{"kind": "signoz/BuilderQuery", "spec": {"name": "A", "signal": "traces", "aggregations": [{"expression": "count()"}], "groupBy": [{"name": "service.name"}]}}`,
+			dimensions:  `{"x": "A", "colorBy": ["service.name"]}`,
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:               "a multi-aggregation query keys each value column by name and expression",
+			queryPlugin:            `{"kind": "signoz/BuilderQuery", "spec": {"name": "A", "signal": "traces", "aggregations": [{"expression": "count()"}, {"expression": "p99(duration_nano)"}]}}`,
+			dimensions:             `{"x": "A"}`,
+			expectedErrorSubstring: "dimensions.x: \"A\" is not a value column of the panel's query; value columns: `A.count()`, `A.p99(duration_nano)`",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:               "a value column of a query the panel does not have",
+			queryPlugin:            `{"kind": "signoz/BuilderQuery", "spec": {"name": "A", "signal": "logs", "aggregations": [{"expression": "count()"}]}}`,
+			dimensions:             `{"y": "B"}`,
+			expectedErrorSubstring: "dimensions.y: \"B\" is not a value column of the panel's query; value columns: `A`",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:               "a colour key the query does not group by",
+			queryPlugin:            `{"kind": "signoz/BuilderQuery", "spec": {"name": "A", "signal": "traces", "aggregations": [{"expression": "count()"}], "groupBy": [{"name": "service.name"}]}}`,
+			dimensions:             `{"colorBy": ["service.name", "k8s.pod.name"]}`,
+			expectedErrorSubstring: "dimensions.colorBy: \"k8s.pod.name\" is not a group-by key of the panel's query; group-by keys: `service.name`",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario: "a formula is a value column and carries the labels of the disabled queries it reads",
+			queryPlugin: `{"kind": "signoz/CompositeQuery", "spec": {"queries": [
+				{"type": "builder_query", "spec": {"name": "A", "signal": "traces", "disabled": true, "aggregations": [{"expression": "count()"}], "groupBy": [{"name": "service.name"}]}},
+				{"type": "builder_query", "spec": {"name": "B", "signal": "traces", "disabled": true, "aggregations": [{"expression": "countIf(has_error = true)"}], "groupBy": [{"name": "service.name"}]}},
+				{"type": "builder_formula", "spec": {"name": "F1", "expression": "B / A"}}
+			]}}`,
+			dimensions: `{"x": "F1", "colorBy": ["service.name"]}`,
+		},
+		{
+			scenario: "a disabled query yields no value column",
+			queryPlugin: `{"kind": "signoz/CompositeQuery", "spec": {"queries": [
+				{"type": "builder_query", "spec": {"name": "A", "signal": "logs", "disabled": true, "aggregations": [{"expression": "count()"}]}},
+				{"type": "builder_formula", "spec": {"name": "F1", "expression": "A * 2"}}
+			]}}`,
+			dimensions:             `{"sizeBy": "A"}`,
+			expectedErrorSubstring: "dimensions.sizeBy: \"A\" is not a value column of the panel's query; value columns: `F1`",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:    "clickhouse columns are only known at run time, so the bindings go unchecked",
+			queryPlugin: `{"kind": "signoz/ClickHouseSQL", "spec": {"name": "A", "query": "SELECT 1"}}`,
+			dimensions:  `{"x": "throughput", "colorBy": ["pod"]}`,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.scenario, func(t *testing.T) {
+			data := []byte(`{
+				"variables": [],
+				"panels": {
+					"p1": {
+						"kind": "Panel",
+						"spec": {
+							"links": [],
+							"plugin": {"kind": "signoz/ScatterPlotPanel", "spec": {"dimensions": ` + test.dimensions + `}},
+							"queries": [{"kind": "scalar", "spec": {"plugin": ` + test.queryPlugin + `}}]
+						}
+					}
+				},
+				"links": [],
+				"layouts": []
+			}`)
+			_, err := unmarshalDashboard(data)
+			if test.expectedErrorSubstring == "" {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				return
+			}
+			require.Error(t, err, "expected the binding to be rejected")
+			assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), test.expectedErrorSubstring, "unexpected error message: %s", err.Error())
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestNumberPanelDefaults(t *testing.T) {
 	data := []byte(`{
 		"variables": [],
@@ -2190,7 +2503,7 @@ func TestPanelTypeQueryTypeCompatibility(t *testing.T) {
 		switch panelKind {
 		case "signoz/ListPanel":
 			return "raw"
-		case "signoz/TablePanel", "signoz/NumberPanel", "signoz/PieChartPanel", "signoz/HistogramPanel":
+		case "signoz/TablePanel", "signoz/NumberPanel", "signoz/PieChartPanel", "signoz/HistogramPanel", "signoz/ScatterPlotPanel":
 			return "scalar"
 		default:
 			return "time_series"
@@ -2232,14 +2545,17 @@ func TestPanelTypeQueryTypeCompatibility(t *testing.T) {
 		{"TimeSeries+PromQL", mkQuery("signoz/TimeSeriesPanel", "signoz/PromQLQuery", `{"name":"A","query":"up"}`), false},
 		{"Table+ClickHouse", mkQuery("signoz/TablePanel", "signoz/ClickHouseSQL", `{"name":"A","query":"SELECT 1"}`), false},
 		{"List+Builder", mkQuery("signoz/ListPanel", "signoz/BuilderQuery", `{"name":"A","signal":"logs"}`), false},
+		{"ScatterPlot+ClickHouse", mkQuery("signoz/ScatterPlotPanel", "signoz/ClickHouseSQL", `{"name":"A","query":"SELECT 1"}`), false},
 		// Top-level: rejected
 		{"Table+PromQL", mkQuery("signoz/TablePanel", "signoz/PromQLQuery", `{"name":"A","query":"up"}`), true},
+		{"ScatterPlot+PromQL", mkQuery("signoz/ScatterPlotPanel", "signoz/PromQLQuery", `{"name":"A","query":"up"}`), true},
 		{"List+ClickHouse", mkQuery("signoz/ListPanel", "signoz/ClickHouseSQL", `{"name":"A","query":"SELECT 1"}`), true},
 		{"List+PromQL", mkQuery("signoz/ListPanel", "signoz/PromQLQuery", `{"name":"A","query":"up"}`), true},
 		{"List+Composite", mkQuery("signoz/ListPanel", "signoz/CompositeQuery", `{"queries":[]}`), true},
 		{"List+Formula", mkQuery("signoz/ListPanel", "signoz/Formula", `{"name":"F1","expression":"A+B"}`), true},
 		// Composite sub-queries
 		{"Table+Composite(promql)", mkComposite("signoz/TablePanel", "promql", `{"name":"A","query":"up"}`), true},
+		{"ScatterPlot+Composite(promql)", mkComposite("signoz/ScatterPlotPanel", "promql", `{"name":"A","query":"up"}`), true},
 		{"Table+Composite(clickhouse)", mkComposite("signoz/TablePanel", "clickhouse_sql", `{"name":"A","query":"SELECT 1"}`), false},
 	}
 

pkg/types/dashboardtypes/perses_plugin_wrappers.go

@@ -28,16 +28,17 @@ type PanelPlugin struct {
 // (and strips the duplicate parent properties) after reflection.
 func (PanelPlugin) PrepareJSONSchema(s *jsonschema.Schema) error {
 	return markDiscriminator(s, "kind", map[string]string{
-		string(PanelKindTimeSeries): schemaRef("DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesTimeSeriesPanelSpec"),
-		string(PanelKindBarChart):   schemaRef("DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesBarChartPanelSpec"),
-		string(PanelKindAreaChart):  schemaRef("DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesAreaChartPanelSpec"),
-		string(PanelKindNumber):     schemaRef("DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesNumberPanelSpec"),
-		string(PanelKindPieChart):   schemaRef("DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesPieChartPanelSpec"),
-		string(PanelKindTable):      schemaRef("DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesTablePanelSpec"),
-		string(PanelKindHistogram):  schemaRef("DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesHistogramPanelSpec"),
-		string(PanelKindList):       schemaRef("DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesListPanelSpec"),
-		string(PanelKindText):       schemaRef("DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesTextPanelSpec"),
-		string(PanelKindHeatmap):    schemaRef("DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesHeatmapPanelSpec"),
+		string(PanelKindTimeSeries):  schemaRef("DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesTimeSeriesPanelSpec"),
+		string(PanelKindBarChart):    schemaRef("DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesBarChartPanelSpec"),
+		string(PanelKindAreaChart):   schemaRef("DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesAreaChartPanelSpec"),
+		string(PanelKindNumber):      schemaRef("DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesNumberPanelSpec"),
+		string(PanelKindPieChart):    schemaRef("DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesPieChartPanelSpec"),
+		string(PanelKindTable):       schemaRef("DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesTablePanelSpec"),
+		string(PanelKindHistogram):   schemaRef("DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesHistogramPanelSpec"),
+		string(PanelKindList):        schemaRef("DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesListPanelSpec"),
+		string(PanelKindText):        schemaRef("DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesTextPanelSpec"),
+		string(PanelKindHeatmap):     schemaRef("DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesHeatmapPanelSpec"),
+		string(PanelKindScatterPlot): schemaRef("DashboardtypesPanelPluginVariantGithubComSigNozSignozPkgTypesDashboardtypesScatterPlotPanelSpec"),
 	})
 }
 
@@ -71,6 +72,7 @@ func (PanelPlugin) JSONSchemaOneOf() []any {
 		PanelPluginVariant[ListPanelSpec]{Kind: string(PanelKindList)},
 		PanelPluginVariant[TextPanelSpec]{Kind: string(PanelKindText)},
 		PanelPluginVariant[HeatmapPanelSpec]{Kind: string(PanelKindHeatmap)},
+		PanelPluginVariant[ScatterPlotPanelSpec]{Kind: string(PanelKindScatterPlot)},
 	}
 }
 
@@ -227,16 +229,17 @@ func (v VariablePluginVariant[S]) PrepareJSONSchema(s *jsonschema.Schema) error
 
 var (
 	panelPluginSpecs = map[PanelPluginKind]func() any{
-		PanelKindTimeSeries: func() any { return new(TimeSeriesPanelSpec) },
-		PanelKindBarChart:   func() any { return new(BarChartPanelSpec) },
-		PanelKindAreaChart:  func() any { return new(AreaChartPanelSpec) },
-		PanelKindNumber:     func() any { return new(NumberPanelSpec) },
-		PanelKindPieChart:   func() any { return new(PieChartPanelSpec) },
-		PanelKindTable:      func() any { return new(TablePanelSpec) },
-		PanelKindHistogram:  func() any { return new(HistogramPanelSpec) },
-		PanelKindList:       func() any { return new(ListPanelSpec) },
-		PanelKindText:       func() any { return new(TextPanelSpec) },
-		PanelKindHeatmap:    func() any { return new(HeatmapPanelSpec) },
+		PanelKindTimeSeries:  func() any { return new(TimeSeriesPanelSpec) },
+		PanelKindBarChart:    func() any { return new(BarChartPanelSpec) },
+		PanelKindAreaChart:   func() any { return new(AreaChartPanelSpec) },
+		PanelKindNumber:      func() any { return new(NumberPanelSpec) },
+		PanelKindPieChart:    func() any { return new(PieChartPanelSpec) },
+		PanelKindTable:       func() any { return new(TablePanelSpec) },
+		PanelKindHistogram:   func() any { return new(HistogramPanelSpec) },
+		PanelKindList:        func() any { return new(ListPanelSpec) },
+		PanelKindText:        func() any { return new(TextPanelSpec) },
+		PanelKindHeatmap:     func() any { return new(HeatmapPanelSpec) },
+		PanelKindScatterPlot: func() any { return new(ScatterPlotPanelSpec) },
 	}
 	queryPluginSpecs = map[QueryPluginKind]func() any{
 		QueryKindBuilder:       func() any { return new(BuilderQuerySpec) },
@@ -252,16 +255,17 @@ var (
 		VariableKindCustom:  func() any { return new(CustomVariableSpec) },
 	}
 	allowedQueryKinds = map[PanelPluginKind][]QueryPluginKind{
-		PanelKindTimeSeries: {QueryKindBuilder, QueryKindComposite, QueryKindFormula, QueryKindTraceOperator, QueryKindPromQL, QueryKindClickHouseSQL},
-		PanelKindBarChart:   {QueryKindBuilder, QueryKindComposite, QueryKindFormula, QueryKindTraceOperator, QueryKindPromQL, QueryKindClickHouseSQL},
-		PanelKindAreaChart:  {QueryKindBuilder, QueryKindComposite, QueryKindFormula, QueryKindTraceOperator, QueryKindPromQL, QueryKindClickHouseSQL},
-		PanelKindNumber:     {QueryKindBuilder, QueryKindComposite, QueryKindFormula, QueryKindTraceOperator, QueryKindPromQL, QueryKindClickHouseSQL},
-		PanelKindHistogram:  {QueryKindBuilder, QueryKindComposite, QueryKindFormula, QueryKindTraceOperator, QueryKindPromQL, QueryKindClickHouseSQL},
-		PanelKindPieChart:   {QueryKindBuilder, QueryKindComposite, QueryKindFormula, QueryKindTraceOperator, QueryKindClickHouseSQL},
-		PanelKindTable:      {QueryKindBuilder, QueryKindComposite, QueryKindFormula, QueryKindTraceOperator, QueryKindClickHouseSQL},
-		PanelKindList:       {QueryKindBuilder},
-		PanelKindText:       {},
-		PanelKindHeatmap:    {QueryKindBuilder, QueryKindComposite, QueryKindFormula, QueryKindPromQL, QueryKindClickHouseSQL},
+		PanelKindTimeSeries:  {QueryKindBuilder, QueryKindComposite, QueryKindFormula, QueryKindTraceOperator, QueryKindPromQL, QueryKindClickHouseSQL},
+		PanelKindBarChart:    {QueryKindBuilder, QueryKindComposite, QueryKindFormula, QueryKindTraceOperator, QueryKindPromQL, QueryKindClickHouseSQL},
+		PanelKindAreaChart:   {QueryKindBuilder, QueryKindComposite, QueryKindFormula, QueryKindTraceOperator, QueryKindPromQL, QueryKindClickHouseSQL},
+		PanelKindNumber:      {QueryKindBuilder, QueryKindComposite, QueryKindFormula, QueryKindTraceOperator, QueryKindPromQL, QueryKindClickHouseSQL},
+		PanelKindHistogram:   {QueryKindBuilder, QueryKindComposite, QueryKindFormula, QueryKindTraceOperator, QueryKindPromQL, QueryKindClickHouseSQL},
+		PanelKindPieChart:    {QueryKindBuilder, QueryKindComposite, QueryKindFormula, QueryKindTraceOperator, QueryKindClickHouseSQL},
+		PanelKindTable:       {QueryKindBuilder, QueryKindComposite, QueryKindFormula, QueryKindTraceOperator, QueryKindClickHouseSQL},
+		PanelKindList:        {QueryKindBuilder},
+		PanelKindText:        {},
+		PanelKindHeatmap:     {QueryKindBuilder, QueryKindComposite, QueryKindFormula, QueryKindPromQL, QueryKindClickHouseSQL},
+		PanelKindScatterPlot: {QueryKindBuilder, QueryKindComposite, QueryKindFormula, QueryKindTraceOperator, QueryKindClickHouseSQL},
 	}
 )
 

pkg/types/dashboardtypes/perses_public_dashboard.go

@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ func (d *DashboardV2) GetPanelQuery(startTime, endTime uint64, panelKey string)
 		CompositeQuery: composite,
 		FormatOptions: &qb.FormatOptions{
 			FillGaps:               fillGaps,
-			FormatTableResultForUI: panel.Spec.Plugin.Kind == PanelKindTable,
+			FormatTableResultForUI: panel.Spec.Plugin.Kind == PanelKindTable || panel.Spec.Plugin.Kind == PanelKindScatterPlot,
 		},
 	}, nil
 }

pkg/types/dashboardtypes/perses_public_dashboard_panel_query_test.go

@@ -209,34 +209,38 @@ func TestDashboardV2GetPanelQuery(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
-	t.Run("sets FormatTableResultForUI only for table panels", func(t *testing.T) {
-		dashboard := &DashboardV2{
-			Spec: DashboardSpec{
-				Panels: map[string]*Panel{
-					"panel-1": {
-						Spec: PanelSpec{
-							Plugin: PanelPlugin{Kind: PanelKindTable},
-							Queries: []Query{
-								{
-									Kind: qb.RequestTypeScalar,
-									Spec: QuerySpec{
-										Plugin: QueryPlugin{
-											Kind: QueryKindBuilder,
-											Spec: &BuilderQuerySpec{Spec: qb.QueryBuilderQuery[qb.MetricAggregation]{Name: "A"}},
+	t.Run("sets FormatTableResultForUI for panels that join scalar rows", func(t *testing.T) {
+		for _, kind := range []PanelPluginKind{PanelKindTable, PanelKindScatterPlot} {
+			t.Run(string(kind), func(t *testing.T) {
+				dashboard := &DashboardV2{
+					Spec: DashboardSpec{
+						Panels: map[string]*Panel{
+							"panel-1": {
+								Spec: PanelSpec{
+									Plugin: PanelPlugin{Kind: kind},
+									Queries: []Query{
+										{
+											Kind: qb.RequestTypeScalar,
+											Spec: QuerySpec{
+												Plugin: QueryPlugin{
+													Kind: QueryKindBuilder,
+													Spec: &BuilderQuerySpec{Spec: qb.QueryBuilderQuery[qb.MetricAggregation]{Name: "A"}},
+												},
+											},
 										},
 									},
 								},
 							},
 						},
 					},
-				},
-			},
-		}
+				}
 
-		req, err := dashboard.GetPanelQuery(1, 2, "panel-1")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotNil(t, req.FormatOptions)
-		assert.True(t, req.FormatOptions.FormatTableResultForUI)
+				req, err := dashboard.GetPanelQuery(1, 2, "panel-1")
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.NotNil(t, req.FormatOptions)
+				assert.True(t, req.FormatOptions.FormatTableResultForUI)
+			})
+		}
 	})
 
 	t.Run("sets FillGaps from the panel visualization", func(t *testing.T) {

pkg/types/dashboardtypes/perses_signoz_plugins.go

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package dashboardtypes
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"maps"
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 
 	"github.com/SigNoz/signoz/pkg/errors"
@@ -166,20 +168,21 @@ func (BuilderQuerySpec) JSONSchemaOneOf() []any {
 type PanelPluginKind string
 
 const (
-	PanelKindTimeSeries PanelPluginKind = "signoz/TimeSeriesPanel"
-	PanelKindBarChart   PanelPluginKind = "signoz/BarChartPanel"
-	PanelKindAreaChart  PanelPluginKind = "signoz/AreaChartPanel"
-	PanelKindNumber     PanelPluginKind = "signoz/NumberPanel"
-	PanelKindPieChart   PanelPluginKind = "signoz/PieChartPanel"
-	PanelKindTable      PanelPluginKind = "signoz/TablePanel"
-	PanelKindHistogram  PanelPluginKind = "signoz/HistogramPanel"
-	PanelKindList       PanelPluginKind = "signoz/ListPanel"
-	PanelKindText       PanelPluginKind = "signoz/TextPanel"
-	PanelKindHeatmap    PanelPluginKind = "signoz/HeatmapPanel"
+	PanelKindTimeSeries  PanelPluginKind = "signoz/TimeSeriesPanel"
+	PanelKindBarChart    PanelPluginKind = "signoz/BarChartPanel"
+	PanelKindAreaChart   PanelPluginKind = "signoz/AreaChartPanel"
+	PanelKindNumber      PanelPluginKind = "signoz/NumberPanel"
+	PanelKindPieChart    PanelPluginKind = "signoz/PieChartPanel"
+	PanelKindTable       PanelPluginKind = "signoz/TablePanel"
+	PanelKindHistogram   PanelPluginKind = "signoz/HistogramPanel"
+	PanelKindList        PanelPluginKind = "signoz/ListPanel"
+	PanelKindText        PanelPluginKind = "signoz/TextPanel"
+	PanelKindHeatmap     PanelPluginKind = "signoz/HeatmapPanel"
+	PanelKindScatterPlot PanelPluginKind = "signoz/ScatterPlotPanel"
 )
 
 func (PanelPluginKind) Enum() []any {
-	return []any{PanelKindTimeSeries, PanelKindBarChart, PanelKindAreaChart, PanelKindNumber, PanelKindPieChart, PanelKindTable, PanelKindHistogram, PanelKindList, PanelKindText, PanelKindHeatmap}
+	return []any{PanelKindTimeSeries, PanelKindBarChart, PanelKindAreaChart, PanelKindNumber, PanelKindPieChart, PanelKindTable, PanelKindHistogram, PanelKindList, PanelKindText, PanelKindHeatmap, PanelKindScatterPlot}
 }
 
 func (k PanelPluginKind) rendersWithoutQuery() bool {
@@ -329,6 +332,95 @@ type TextPanelSpec struct {
 	HeaderOptions HeaderOptions    `json:"headerOptions"`
 }
 
+type ScatterPlotPanelSpec struct {
+	Visualization   BasicVisualization         `json:"visualization"`
+	Dimensions      ScatterPlotDimensions      `json:"dimensions"`
+	Formatting      TableFormatting            `json:"formatting"`
+	Axes            ScatterPlotAxes            `json:"axes"`
+	ChartAppearance ScatterPlotChartAppearance `json:"chartAppearance"`
+	Legend          Legend                     `json:"legend"`
+	Thresholds      []ScatterPlotThreshold     `json:"thresholds" validate:"dive"`
+}
+
+func (s *ScatterPlotPanelSpec) validateAgainstQuery(query Query, path string) error {
+	composite, err := query.Spec.Plugin.buildV5CompositeQueryFromPlugin()
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.WrapInvalidInputf(err, ErrCodeDashboardInvalidInput, "%s.dimensions: %s", path, err.Error())
+	}
+	keys, known := composite.CollectResultColumnKeys()
+	if !known {
+		return nil
+	}
+	for _, binding := range []struct{ field, key string }{{"x", s.Dimensions.X}, {"y", s.Dimensions.Y}, {"sizeBy", s.Dimensions.SizeBy}} {
+		// Empty is unset: the renderer picks a column or a fixed size.
+		if binding.key == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ok := keys.Aggregations[binding.key]; !ok {
+			return errors.NewInvalidInputf(ErrCodeDashboardInvalidInput, "%s.dimensions.%s: %q is not a value column of the panel's query; value columns: %s", path, binding.field, binding.key, allowedValuesForKind(slices.Sorted(maps.Keys(keys.Aggregations))))
+		}
+	}
+	for _, label := range s.Dimensions.ColorBy {
+		if _, ok := keys.Groups[label]; !ok {
+			return errors.NewInvalidInputf(ErrCodeDashboardInvalidInput, "%s.dimensions.colorBy: %q is not a group-by key of the panel's query; group-by keys: %s", path, label, allowedValuesForKind(slices.Sorted(maps.Keys(keys.Groups))))
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ScatterPlotDimensions binds result columns to what a dot encodes. Value columns
+// use the Table column key, so formatting.columnUnits carries over between the
+// two kinds.
+type ScatterPlotDimensions struct {
+	X       string   `json:"x" description:"Value column key (queryName, or queryName.expression for a multi-aggregation query) plotted on the x axis. Empty uses the first value column."`
+	Y       string   `json:"y" description:"Value column key plotted on the y axis. Empty uses the second value column."`
+	SizeBy  string   `json:"sizeBy" description:"Value column key that scales dot size. Empty draws every dot at the default size."`
+	ColorBy []string `json:"colorBy" description:"Group-by label names (e.g. k8s.namespace.name) whose combined values colour dots and drive the legend. Empty colours by every group-by label."`
+}
+
+type ScatterPlotAxes struct {
+	X ScatterPlotAxis `json:"x"`
+	Y ScatterPlotAxis `json:"y"`
+}
+
+type ScatterPlotAxis struct {
+	SoftMin *float64  `json:"softMin"`
+	SoftMax *float64  `json:"softMax"`
+	Scale   AxisScale `json:"scale"`
+	Label   string    `json:"label" description:"Axis title. Empty draws none."`
+}
+
+type ScatterPlotChartAppearance struct {
+	Points ScatterPlotPoints `json:"points"`
+}
+
+// ScatterPlotPoints keeps the fixed size and the size range side by side so
+// binding or unbinding dimensions.sizeBy restores the other's last setting. Nil
+// fields resolve to the renderer default.
+type ScatterPlotPoints struct {
+	Size    *PointDiameter `json:"size" description:"Diameter of every dot when dimensions.sizeBy is unset."`
+	MinSize *PointDiameter `json:"minSize" description:"Diameter of the smallest dot when dimensions.sizeBy is set."`
+	MaxSize *PointDiameter `json:"maxSize" description:"Diameter of the largest dot when dimensions.sizeBy is set."`
+	Opacity *PointOpacity  `json:"opacity"`
+}
+
+func (p *ScatterPlotPoints) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	type alias ScatterPlotPoints
+	var tmp alias
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &tmp); err != nil {
+		return errors.WrapInvalidInputf(err, ErrCodeDashboardInvalidInput, "invalid points")
+	}
+	*p = ScatterPlotPoints(tmp)
+	return p.validate()
+}
+
+func (p ScatterPlotPoints) validate() error {
+	if p.MinSize != nil && p.MaxSize != nil && *p.MinSize > *p.MaxSize {
+		return errors.NewInvalidInputf(ErrCodeDashboardInvalidInput, "invalid points: minSize %d must not exceed maxSize %d", *p.MinSize, *p.MaxSize)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 type TextPresentation struct {
 	TextAlign     TextAlign     `json:"textAlign"`
 	VerticalAlign VerticalAlign `json:"verticalAlign"`
@@ -410,6 +502,11 @@ type ComparisonThreshold struct {
 	Format   ThresholdFormat    `json:"format"`
 }
 
+type ScatterPlotThreshold struct {
+	ThresholdWithLabel
+	Axis ThresholdAxis `json:"axis"`
+}
+
 type TableThreshold struct {
 	ComparisonThreshold
 	ColumnName string `json:"columnName" validate:"required" required:"true"`
@@ -695,6 +792,86 @@ func (ls *LineStyle) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 	}
 }
 
+// AxisScale `auto` leaves the choice to the renderer; `symlog` is log-like but
+// defined at and below zero.
+type AxisScale struct{ valuer.String }
+
+var (
+	AxisScaleAuto   = AxisScale{valuer.NewString("auto")} // default
+	AxisScaleLinear = AxisScale{valuer.NewString("linear")}
+	AxisScaleLog    = AxisScale{valuer.NewString("log")}
+	AxisScaleSymlog = AxisScale{valuer.NewString("symlog")}
+)
+
+func (AxisScale) Enum() []any {
+	return []any{AxisScaleAuto, AxisScaleLinear, AxisScaleLog, AxisScaleSymlog}
+}
+
+func (as AxisScale) ValueOrDefault() string {
+	if as.IsZero() {
+		return AxisScaleAuto.StringValue()
+	}
+	return as.StringValue()
+}
+
+func (as AxisScale) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	return json.Marshal(as.ValueOrDefault())
+}
+
+func (as *AxisScale) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	var v string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &v); err != nil {
+		return errors.WrapInvalidInputf(err, ErrCodeDashboardInvalidInput, "invalid axis scale: must be a string, one of `auto`, `linear`, `log`, or `symlog`")
+	}
+	val := AxisScale{valuer.NewString(v)}
+	switch val {
+	case AxisScaleAuto, AxisScaleLinear, AxisScaleLog, AxisScaleSymlog:
+		*as = val
+		return nil
+	default:
+		return errors.NewInvalidInputf(ErrCodeDashboardInvalidInput, "invalid axis scale %q: must be `auto`, `linear`, `log`, or `symlog`", v)
+	}
+}
+
+// ThresholdAxis is the axis a scatter plot threshold line marks: `y` draws it
+// horizontally, `x` vertically.
+type ThresholdAxis struct{ valuer.String }
+
+var (
+	ThresholdAxisX = ThresholdAxis{valuer.NewString("x")}
+	ThresholdAxisY = ThresholdAxis{valuer.NewString("y")} // default
+)
+
+func (ThresholdAxis) Enum() []any {
+	return []any{ThresholdAxisX, ThresholdAxisY}
+}
+
+func (ta ThresholdAxis) ValueOrDefault() string {
+	if ta.IsZero() {
+		return ThresholdAxisY.StringValue()
+	}
+	return ta.StringValue()
+}
+
+func (ta ThresholdAxis) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	return json.Marshal(ta.ValueOrDefault())
+}
+
+func (ta *ThresholdAxis) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	var v string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &v); err != nil {
+		return errors.WrapInvalidInputf(err, ErrCodeDashboardInvalidInput, "invalid threshold axis: must be a string, one of `x` or `y`")
+	}
+	val := ThresholdAxis{valuer.NewString(v)}
+	switch val {
+	case ThresholdAxisX, ThresholdAxisY:
+		*ta = val
+		return nil
+	default:
+		return errors.NewInvalidInputf(ErrCodeDashboardInvalidInput, "invalid threshold axis %q: must be `x` or `y`", v)
+	}
+}
+
 type FillMode struct{ valuer.String }
 
 var (
@@ -833,6 +1010,53 @@ func (o *FillOpacity) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+const (
+	minPointDiameter = 2
+	maxPointDiameter = 40
+)
+
+// PointDiameter is a scatter dot's diameter in whole CSS pixels.
+type PointDiameter int
+
+func (PointDiameter) PrepareJSONSchema(s *jsonschema.Schema) error {
+	s.WithMinimum(minPointDiameter).WithMaximum(maxPointDiameter)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (d *PointDiameter) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	var v int
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &v); err != nil {
+		return errors.WrapInvalidInputf(err, ErrCodeDashboardInvalidInput, "invalid point diameter: must be a whole number between %d and %d", minPointDiameter, maxPointDiameter)
+	}
+	if v < minPointDiameter || v > maxPointDiameter {
+		return errors.NewInvalidInputf(ErrCodeDashboardInvalidInput, "invalid point diameter %d: must be a whole number between %d and %d", v, minPointDiameter, maxPointDiameter)
+	}
+	*d = PointDiameter(v)
+	return nil
+}
+
+const minPointOpacity = 0.1
+
+// PointOpacity is a scatter dot's fill alpha. The floor keeps a dot visible.
+type PointOpacity float64
+
+func (PointOpacity) PrepareJSONSchema(s *jsonschema.Schema) error {
+	s.WithMinimum(minPointOpacity).WithMaximum(1)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (o *PointOpacity) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	var v float64
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &v); err != nil {
+		return errors.WrapInvalidInputf(err, ErrCodeDashboardInvalidInput, "invalid point opacity: must be a number between %v and 1", minPointOpacity)
+	}
+	if v < minPointOpacity || v > 1 {
+		return errors.NewInvalidInputf(ErrCodeDashboardInvalidInput, "invalid point opacity %v: must be between %v and 1", v, minPointOpacity)
+	}
+	*o = PointOpacity(v)
+	return nil
+}
+
 type SpanGaps struct {
 	FillOnlyBelow bool   `json:"fillOnlyBelow" description:"Controls whether lines connect across null values. When false (default), all gaps are connected. When true, only gaps smaller than fillLessThan are connected."`
 	FillLessThan  string `json:"fillLessThan" description:"The maximum gap size to connect when fillOnlyBelow is true. Gaps larger than this duration are left disconnected."`

pkg/types/dashboardtypes/testdata/perses_scatter_plot_panel.json

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+{
+  "display": {
+    "name": "service health",
+    "description": "throughput against tail latency per pod"
+  },
+  "variables": [],
+  "panels": {
+    "p1": {
+      "kind": "Panel",
+      "spec": {
+        "display": {
+          "name": "throughput vs p99",
+          "description": ""
+        },
+        "plugin": {
+          "kind": "signoz/ScatterPlotPanel",
+          "spec": {
+            "visualization": {
+              "timePreference": "last_1_hr"
+            },
+            "dimensions": {
+              "x": "A.count()",
+              "y": "A.p99(duration_nano)",
+              "sizeBy": "A.countIf(has_error = true)",
+              "colorBy": ["k8s.namespace.name", "k8s.pod.name"]
+            },
+            "formatting": {
+              "columnUnits": {
+                "A.p99(duration_nano)": "ns"
+              },
+              "decimalPrecision": "1"
+            },
+            "axes": {
+              "x": {
+                "softMin": 0,
+                "softMax": null,
+                "scale": "log",
+                "label": "Throughput"
+              },
+              "y": {
+                "softMin": null,
+                "softMax": 1000,
+                "scale": "symlog",
+                "label": "p99 latency"
+              }
+            },
+            "chartAppearance": {
+              "points": {
+                "size": 8,
+                "minSize": 4,
+                "maxSize": 24,
+                "opacity": 0.1
+              }
+            },
+            "legend": {
+              "position": "right",
+              "mode": "list",
+              "customColors": {
+                "checkout": "#1f77b4"
+              }
+            },
+            "thresholds": [
+              {
+                "value": 300,
+                "unit": "ms",
+                "color": "#f00",
+                "label": "p99 SLO",
+                "axis": "y"
+              },
+              {
+                "value": 50,
+                "color": "#0f0",
+                "axis": "x"
+              }
+            ]
+          }
+        },
+        "links": [],
+        "queries": [
+          {
+            "kind": "scalar",
+            "spec": {
+              "plugin": {
+                "kind": "signoz/BuilderQuery",
+                "spec": {
+                  "name": "A",
+                  "signal": "traces",
+                  "aggregations": [
+                    {
+                      "expression": "count()"
+                    },
+                    {
+                      "expression": "p99(duration_nano)"
+                    },
+                    {
+                      "expression": "countIf(has_error = true)"
+                    }
+                  ],
+                  "groupBy": [
+                    {
+                      "name": "k8s.namespace.name"
+                    },
+                    {
+                      "name": "k8s.pod.name"
+                    }
+                  ]
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "links": [],
+  "layouts": [
+    {
+      "kind": "Grid",
+      "spec": {
+        "items": [
+          {
+            "x": 0,
+            "y": 0,
+            "width": 12,
+            "height": 8,
+            "content": {
+              "$ref": "#/spec/panels/p1"
+            }
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}

pkg/types/querybuildertypes/querybuildertypesv5/req.go

@@ -266,6 +266,43 @@ type CompositeQuery struct {
 	Queries []QueryEnvelope `json:"queries"`
 }
 
+// ResultColumnKeys is what a scalar query yields per row, keyed the way the
+// UI keys columns: an aggregation column is the query name, or
+// queryName.expression when the query has several aggregations; a group
+// column is a group-by key name.
+type ResultColumnKeys struct {
+	Aggregations map[string]struct{}
+	Groups       map[string]struct{}
+}
+
+// CollectResultColumnKeys reports false when a query's columns are only known
+// at run time, as for ClickHouse SQL and PromQL. A disabled query yields no
+// aggregation column but keeps its group columns, since a formula over it
+// still carries them.
+func (c *CompositeQuery) CollectResultColumnKeys() (ResultColumnKeys, bool) {
+	keys := ResultColumnKeys{Aggregations: map[string]struct{}{}, Groups: map[string]struct{}{}}
+	for _, envelope := range c.Queries {
+		if envelope.GetType() == QueryTypeClickHouseSQL || envelope.GetType() == QueryTypePromQL {
+			return ResultColumnKeys{}, false
+		}
+		for _, key := range envelope.GetGroupBy() {
+			keys.Groups[key.Name] = struct{}{}
+		}
+		if envelope.IsDisabled() {
+			continue
+		}
+		expressions := envelope.GetAggregationExpressions()
+		if len(expressions) <= 1 {
+			keys.Aggregations[envelope.GetQueryName()] = struct{}{}
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, expression := range expressions {
+			keys.Aggregations[envelope.GetQueryName()+"."+expression] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	return keys, true
+}
+
 // PrepareJSONSchema adds description to the CompositeQuery schema.
 func (c *CompositeQuery) PrepareJSONSchema(schema *jsonschema.Schema) error {
 	schema.WithDescription("Composite query containing one or more query envelopes. Each query envelope specifies its type and corresponding spec.")

pkg/types/querybuildertypes/querybuildertypesv5/req_getters.go

@@ -225,6 +225,34 @@ func (q *QueryEnvelope) GetGroupBy() []GroupByKey {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// GetAggregationExpressions returns one entry per aggregation. A metric
+// aggregation has no expression, so it contributes an empty entry.
+func (q *QueryEnvelope) GetAggregationExpressions() []string {
+	switch spec := q.Spec.(type) {
+	case QueryBuilderTraceOperator:
+		expressions := make([]string, len(spec.Aggregations))
+		for i, aggregation := range spec.Aggregations {
+			expressions[i] = aggregation.Expression
+		}
+		return expressions
+	case QueryBuilderQuery[TraceAggregation]:
+		expressions := make([]string, len(spec.Aggregations))
+		for i, aggregation := range spec.Aggregations {
+			expressions[i] = aggregation.Expression
+		}
+		return expressions
+	case QueryBuilderQuery[LogAggregation]:
+		expressions := make([]string, len(spec.Aggregations))
+		for i, aggregation := range spec.Aggregations {
+			expressions[i] = aggregation.Expression
+		}
+		return expressions
+	case QueryBuilderQuery[MetricAggregation]:
+		return make([]string, len(spec.Aggregations))
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // GetFilter returns the filter.
 func (q *QueryEnvelope) GetFilter() *Filter {
 	switch spec := q.Spec.(type) {

pkg/types/querybuildertypes/querybuildertypesv5/req_test.go

@@ -1903,3 +1903,63 @@ func TestQueryRangeRequest_StepIntervalForQuery(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestCompositeQueryCollectResultColumnKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		scenario      string
+		composite     CompositeQuery
+		expectedKeys  ResultColumnKeys
+		expectedKnown bool
+	}{
+		{
+			scenario: "a single aggregation is keyed by the query name",
+			composite: CompositeQuery{Queries: []QueryEnvelope{{Type: QueryTypeBuilder, Spec: QueryBuilderQuery[TraceAggregation]{
+				Name:         "A",
+				Aggregations: []TraceAggregation{{Expression: "count()"}},
+				GroupBy:      []GroupByKey{{TelemetryFieldKey: telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey{Name: "service.name"}}},
+			}}}},
+			expectedKeys:  ResultColumnKeys{Aggregations: map[string]struct{}{"A": {}}, Groups: map[string]struct{}{"service.name": {}}},
+			expectedKnown: true,
+		},
+		{
+			scenario: "several aggregations are keyed by query name and expression",
+			composite: CompositeQuery{Queries: []QueryEnvelope{{Type: QueryTypeBuilder, Spec: QueryBuilderQuery[LogAggregation]{
+				Name:         "A",
+				Aggregations: []LogAggregation{{Expression: "count()"}, {Expression: "p99(duration_nano)"}},
+			}}}},
+			expectedKeys:  ResultColumnKeys{Aggregations: map[string]struct{}{"A.count()": {}, "A.p99(duration_nano)": {}}, Groups: map[string]struct{}{}},
+			expectedKnown: true,
+		},
+		{
+			scenario: "a disabled query yields no aggregation but keeps its groups for the formula over it",
+			composite: CompositeQuery{Queries: []QueryEnvelope{
+				{Type: QueryTypeBuilder, Spec: QueryBuilderQuery[MetricAggregation]{
+					Name:         "A",
+					Disabled:     true,
+					Aggregations: []MetricAggregation{{MetricName: "http.server.request.count"}},
+					GroupBy:      []GroupByKey{{TelemetryFieldKey: telemetrytypes.TelemetryFieldKey{Name: "service.name"}}},
+				}},
+				{Type: QueryTypeFormula, Spec: QueryBuilderFormula{Name: "F1", Expression: "A * 2"}},
+			}},
+			expectedKeys:  ResultColumnKeys{Aggregations: map[string]struct{}{"F1": {}}, Groups: map[string]struct{}{"service.name": {}}},
+			expectedKnown: true,
+		},
+		{
+			scenario: "clickhouse columns are only known at run time",
+			composite: CompositeQuery{Queries: []QueryEnvelope{{Type: QueryTypeClickHouseSQL, Spec: ClickHouseQuery{
+				Name:  "A",
+				Query: "SELECT 1",
+			}}}},
+			expectedKeys:  ResultColumnKeys{},
+			expectedKnown: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, testCase := range testCases {
+		t.Run(testCase.scenario, func(t *testing.T) {
+			keys, known := testCase.composite.CollectResultColumnKeys()
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.expectedKnown, known)
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.expectedKeys, keys)
+		})
+	}
+}