chore: pr review changes

Panel events identified the panel only by its legacy panel type, which
cannot tell apart two kinds that map onto the same one — so a newly added
kind is indistinguishable from the kind it shares a type with.

Adds panelKind alongside the existing panelType on all seven events (no
data, clone, delete, move, CSV export, drilldown opened, create alert).
Additive on purpose: existing reports keep resolving.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5

frontend/src/container/BillingContainer/BillingUsageGraph/BillingUsageGraph.tsx

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import BarChart from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/BarChart
 import { useIsDarkMode } from 'hooks/useDarkMode';
 import { useResizeObserver } from 'hooks/useDimensions';
 import { prepareChartData } from 'lib/uPlotV2/utils/dataUtils';
+import { StackMode } from 'lib/uPlotV2/config/types';
 import {
 	LegendPosition,
 	TooltipRenderArgs,
@@ -131,9 +132,9 @@ export function BillingUsageGraph(props: BillingUsageGraphProps): JSX.Element {
 			<div ref={graphRef} className={styles.graphContainer}>
 				{containerDimensions.width > 0 && containerDimensions.height > 0 && (
 					<BarChart
+						stack={StackMode.Normal}
 						config={config}
 						data={chartData}
-						isStackedBarChart
 						legendConfig={{ position: LegendPosition.BOTTOM }}
 						customTooltip={renderBillingTooltip}
 						width={containerDimensions.width}

frontend/src/container/BillingContainer/BillingUsageGraph/__tests__/prepareBillingBarConfig.test.ts

@@ -58,26 +58,17 @@ describe('prepareBillingBarConfig', () => {
 		expect(config.series?.[4]?.stroke).toBe(Color.BG_AMBER_500);
 	});
 
-	it('sets stacking bands, padding, and focus alpha for behavioral parity', () => {
+	it('sets padding and focus alpha for behavioral parity', () => {
 		const builder = prepareBillingBarConfig({
 			...baseProps,
 			apiResponse: makeApiResponse(['Logs', 'Traces', 'Metrics']),
 		});
 		const config = builder.getConfig();
-		expect(config.bands).toStrictEqual([{ series: [1, 2] }, { series: [2, 3] }]);
+		// Stacking bands come from the chart now — see useChartStacking.
 		expect(config.padding).toStrictEqual([32, 32, 16, 16]);
 		expect(config.focus).toStrictEqual({ alpha: 0.3 });
 	});
 
-	it('sets no bands when result is empty', () => {
-		const builder = prepareBillingBarConfig({
-			...baseProps,
-			apiResponse: makeApiResponse([]),
-		});
-		const config = builder.getConfig();
-		expect(config.bands).toBeUndefined();
-	});
-
 	it('uses queryName as label when legend is undefined', () => {
 		const apiResponse: MetricRangePayloadProps = {
 			data: {

frontend/src/container/BillingContainer/BillingUsageGraph/prepareBillingBarConfig.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import { Color } from '@signozhq/design-tokens';
 import type { Timezone } from 'components/CustomTimePicker/timezoneUtils';
 import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
-import { getInitialStackedBands } from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/utils/stackSeriesUtils';
 import { buildBaseConfig } from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/utils/baseConfigBuilder';
 import { DrawStyle } from 'lib/uPlotV2/config/types';
 import type { UPlotConfigBuilder } from 'lib/uPlotV2/config/UPlotConfigBuilder';
@@ -63,7 +62,6 @@ export function prepareBillingBarConfig({
 		});
 	});
 
-	builder.setBands(getInitialStackedBands(results.length));
 	builder.setPadding([32, 32, 16, 16]);
 	builder.setFocus({ alpha: 0.3 });
 

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/BarChart/BarChart.tsx

@@ -6,25 +6,24 @@ import {
 	TooltipRenderArgs,
 } from 'lib/uPlotV2/components/types';
 
-import { useBarChartStacking } from '../../hooks/useBarChartStacking';
+import { StackMode } from 'lib/uPlotV2/config/types';
+
 import { BarChartProps } from '../types';
 
 export default function BarChart(props: BarChartProps): JSX.Element {
 	const {
 		children,
-		isStackedBarChart,
 		customTooltip,
 		config,
 		data,
+		stack = StackMode.None,
 		pinnedTooltipElement,
 		...rest
 	} = props;
 
-	const chartData = useBarChartStacking({
-		data,
-		isStackedBarChart,
-		config,
-	});
+	// Written during render so it lands before UPlotChart's effect reads the config,
+	// which derives the fill bands, percent axis unit and percent range from it.
+	config.setStackMode(stack);
 
 	const renderTooltip = useCallback(
 		(props: TooltipRenderArgs): React.ReactNode => {
@@ -37,7 +36,6 @@ export default function BarChart(props: BarChartProps): JSX.Element {
 				timezone: rest.timezone,
 				yAxisUnit: rest.yAxisUnit,
 				decimalPrecision: rest.decimalPrecision,
-				isStackedBarChart: isStackedBarChart,
 				canPinTooltip: rest.canPinTooltip,
 				renderTooltipFooter: rest.renderTooltipFooter,
 			};
@@ -48,7 +46,6 @@ export default function BarChart(props: BarChartProps): JSX.Element {
 			rest.timezone,
 			rest.yAxisUnit,
 			rest.decimalPrecision,
-			isStackedBarChart,
 			rest.canPinTooltip,
 			rest.renderTooltipFooter,
 		],
@@ -58,7 +55,7 @@ export default function BarChart(props: BarChartProps): JSX.Element {
 		<ChartWrapper
 			{...rest}
 			config={config}
-			data={chartData}
+			data={data}
 			customTooltip={renderTooltip}
 			pinnedTooltipElement={pinnedTooltipElement}
 		>

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/ChartWrapper/ChartWrapper.tsx

@@ -6,12 +6,15 @@ import {
 	TooltipRenderArgs,
 } from 'lib/uPlotV2/components/types';
 import UPlotChart from 'lib/uPlotV2/components/UPlotChart/UPlotChart';
+import { StackMode } from 'lib/uPlotV2/config/types';
+import { prepareAlignedData } from 'lib/uPlotV2/components/UPlotChart/utils';
 import { PlotContextProvider } from 'lib/uPlotV2/context/PlotContext';
 import TooltipPlugin from 'lib/uPlotV2/plugins/TooltipPlugin/TooltipPlugin';
 import noop from 'lodash-es/noop';
 import uPlot from 'uplot';
 
-import { ChartProps } from '../types';
+import { ChartWrapperProps } from '../types';
+import { useChartStacking } from './useChartStacking';
 
 const TOOLTIP_WIDTH_PADDING = 120;
 const TOOLTIP_MIN_WIDTH = 300;
@@ -39,9 +42,20 @@ export default function ChartWrapper({
 	pinnedTooltipElement,
 	tooltipPortalRoot,
 	'data-testid': testId,
-}: ChartProps): JSX.Element {
+}: ChartWrapperProps): JSX.Element {
 	const plotInstanceRef = useRef<uPlot | null>(null);
 
+	const stack = config.getStackMode();
+	const chartData = useChartStacking({ data, config });
+
+	// Tooltips need pre-stack values, gap-processed exactly as UPlotChart processes the
+	// plot data — otherwise the cursor's index addresses a shorter array.
+	const unstackedData = useMemo(
+		() =>
+			stack === StackMode.None ? undefined : prepareAlignedData({ data, config }),
+		[data, config, stack],
+	);
+
 	const legendComponent = useCallback(
 		(averageLegendWidth: number): React.ReactNode => {
 			if (!showLegend) {
@@ -61,11 +75,11 @@ export default function ChartWrapper({
 	const renderTooltipCallback = useCallback(
 		(args: TooltipRenderArgs): React.ReactNode => {
 			if (customTooltip) {
-				return customTooltip(args);
+				return customTooltip({ ...args, unstackedData });
 			}
 			return null;
 		},
-		[customTooltip],
+		[customTooltip, unstackedData],
 	);
 
 	const syncMetadata = useMemo(
@@ -91,7 +105,7 @@ export default function ChartWrapper({
 				{({ chartWidth, chartHeight, averageLegendWidth }): JSX.Element => (
 					<UPlotChart
 						config={config}
-						data={data}
+						data={chartData}
 						width={chartWidth}
 						height={chartHeight}
 						plotRef={(plot): void => {

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/ChartWrapper/__tests__/useChartStacking.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import { renderHook } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { UPlotConfigBuilder } from 'lib/uPlotV2/config/UPlotConfigBuilder';
+import { StackMode } from 'lib/uPlotV2/config/types';
+import uPlot from 'uplot';
+
+import { useChartStacking } from '../useChartStacking';
+
+type Hooks = Record<string, (...args: unknown[]) => void>;
+
+function createConfig(stack: StackMode): {
+	config: UPlotConfigBuilder;
+	hooks: Hooks;
+} {
+	const hooks: Hooks = {};
+	const config = {
+		getStackMode: (): StackMode => stack,
+		addHook: jest.fn((type: string, hook: (...args: unknown[]) => void) => {
+			hooks[type] = hook;
+			return jest.fn();
+		}),
+	} as unknown as UPlotConfigBuilder;
+	return { config, hooks };
+}
+
+const data = [[1], [30], [10]] as unknown as uPlot.AlignedData;
+
+describe('useChartStacking', () => {
+	it('returns the data untouched and registers nothing when the config says `none`', () => {
+		const { config } = createConfig(StackMode.None);
+		const { result } = renderHook(() => useChartStacking({ data, config }));
+
+		expect(result.current).toBe(data);
+		expect(config.addHook).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it('treats a missing config as unstacked', () => {
+		const { result } = renderHook(() => useChartStacking({ data, config: null }));
+
+		expect(result.current).toBe(data);
+	});
+
+	it('accumulates raw values when the config declares `normal`', () => {
+		const { config } = createConfig(StackMode.Normal);
+		const { result } = renderHook(() => useChartStacking({ data, config }));
+
+		expect(result.current).toStrictEqual([[1], [40], [10]]);
+	});
+
+	it('rescales each column to its total when the config declares `percent`', () => {
+		const { config } = createConfig(StackMode.Percent);
+		const { result } = renderHook(() => useChartStacking({ data, config }));
+
+		expect(result.current).toStrictEqual([[1], [100], [25]]);
+	});
+
+	it('registers the uPlot hooks that re-stack on data and visibility changes', () => {
+		const { config } = createConfig(StackMode.Normal);
+		renderHook(() => useChartStacking({ data, config }));
+
+		expect(
+			(config.addHook as jest.Mock).mock.calls.map(([type]) => type),
+		).toStrictEqual(['setData', 'setSeries']);
+	});
+
+	it('re-stacks from the raw values when the legend hides a series', () => {
+		const { config, hooks } = createConfig(StackMode.Normal);
+		renderHook(() => useChartStacking({ data, config }));
+
+		const plot = {
+			data: [[1]],
+			series: [{}, { show: true }, { show: false }],
+			delBand: jest.fn(),
+			addBand: jest.fn(),
+			setData: jest.fn(),
+		};
+		hooks.setSeries(plot, 2, { show: false });
+
+		// The hidden series keeps its raw value and stops contributing to the total.
+		expect(plot.setData).toHaveBeenCalledWith([[1], [30], [10]]);
+		expect(plot.delBand).toHaveBeenCalledWith(null);
+	});
+
+	it('ignores a focus-only setSeries so hovering does not re-stack', () => {
+		const { config, hooks } = createConfig(StackMode.Normal);
+		renderHook(() => useChartStacking({ data, config }));
+
+		const plot = {
+			data: [[1]],
+			series: [{}, { show: true }, { show: true }],
+			delBand: jest.fn(),
+			addBand: jest.fn(),
+			setData: jest.fn(),
+		};
+		hooks.setSeries(plot, 1, { focus: true });
+
+		expect(plot.setData).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+});

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/ChartWrapper/useChartStacking.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+import {
+	MutableRefObject,
+	useCallback,
+	useLayoutEffect,
+	useMemo,
+	useRef,
+} from 'react';
+import { UPlotConfigBuilder } from 'lib/uPlotV2/config/UPlotConfigBuilder';
+import { StackMode } from 'lib/uPlotV2/config/types';
+import { has } from 'lodash-es';
+import uPlot from 'uplot';
+
+import { stackSeries } from '../utils/stackSeriesUtils';
+
+/** Returns true if the series at the given index is hidden (e.g. via legend toggle). */
+function isSeriesHidden(plot: uPlot, seriesIndex: number): boolean {
+	return !plot.series[seriesIndex]?.show;
+}
+
+function canApplyStacking(
+	unstackedData: uPlot.AlignedData | null,
+	plot: uPlot,
+	isUpdating: boolean,
+): boolean {
+	return (
+		!isUpdating &&
+		!!unstackedData &&
+		!!plot.data &&
+		unstackedData[0]?.length === plot.data[0]?.length
+	);
+}
+
+function setupStackingHooks(
+	config: UPlotConfigBuilder,
+	updateStacksInChart: (plot: uPlot) => void,
+	isUpdatingRef: MutableRefObject<boolean>,
+): () => void {
+	const onDataChange = (plot: uPlot): void => {
+		if (!isUpdatingRef.current) {
+			updateStacksInChart(plot);
+		}
+	};
+
+	const onSeriesVisibilityChange = (
+		plot: uPlot,
+		_seriesIdx: number | null,
+		opts: uPlot.Series,
+	): void => {
+		// uPlot fires setSeries for hover focus too; only visibility changes restack.
+		if (!has(opts, 'focus')) {
+			updateStacksInChart(plot);
+		}
+	};
+
+	const removeSetDataHook = config.addHook('setData', onDataChange);
+	const removeSetSeriesHook = config.addHook(
+		'setSeries',
+		onSeriesVisibilityChange,
+	);
+
+	return (): void => {
+		removeSetDataHook?.();
+		removeSetSeriesHook?.();
+	};
+}
+
+export interface UseChartStackingParams {
+	data: uPlot.AlignedData;
+	config: UPlotConfigBuilder | null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Stacks a chart's data for the mode declared on its config, and re-stacks on data or
+ * visibility changes. The pre-stack values live in a ref because the uPlot hooks that
+ * read them run outside React's render cycle.
+ */
+export function useChartStacking({
+	data,
+	config,
+}: UseChartStackingParams): uPlot.AlignedData {
+	const stack = config?.getStackMode() ?? StackMode.None;
+	const unstackedDataRef = useRef<uPlot.AlignedData | null>(null);
+	unstackedDataRef.current = stack === 'none' ? null : data;
+
+	// Guards the re-entrant setData below, which would otherwise re-trigger our own hook.
+	const isUpdatingChartRef = useRef(false);
+
+	const chartData = useMemo((): uPlot.AlignedData => {
+		if (stack === StackMode.None || !data || data.length < 2) {
+			return data;
+		}
+		const noSeriesHidden = (): boolean => false; // include all series in initial stack
+		return stackSeries(data, noSeriesHidden, stack).data;
+	}, [data, stack]);
+
+	const updateStacksInChart = useCallback(
+		(plot: uPlot): void => {
+			const unstacked = unstackedDataRef.current;
+			if (
+				!unstacked ||
+				!canApplyStacking(unstacked, plot, isUpdatingChartRef.current)
+			) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			const shouldExcludeSeries = (idx: number): boolean =>
+				isSeriesHidden(plot, idx);
+			const { data: stacked, bands } = stackSeries(
+				unstacked,
+				shouldExcludeSeries,
+				stack,
+			);
+
+			plot.delBand(null);
+			bands.forEach((band: uPlot.Band) => plot.addBand(band));
+
+			isUpdatingChartRef.current = true;
+			plot.setData(stacked);
+			isUpdatingChartRef.current = false;
+		},
+		[stack],
+	);
+
+	useLayoutEffect(() => {
+		if (stack === StackMode.None || !config) {
+			return undefined;
+		}
+		return setupStackingHooks(config, updateStacksInChart, isUpdatingChartRef);
+	}, [stack, config, updateStacksInChart]);
+
+	return chartData;
+}

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/TimeSeries/TimeSeries.tsx

@@ -6,10 +6,16 @@ import {
 	TooltipRenderArgs,
 } from 'lib/uPlotV2/components/types';
 
+import { StackMode } from 'lib/uPlotV2/config/types';
+
 import { TimeSeriesChartProps } from '../types';
 
 export default function TimeSeries(props: TimeSeriesChartProps): JSX.Element {
-	const { children, customTooltip, ...rest } = props;
+	const { children, customTooltip, stack = StackMode.None, ...rest } = props;
+
+	// Written during render so it lands before UPlotChart's effect reads the config,
+	// which derives the fill bands, percent axis unit and percent range from it.
+	rest.config.setStackMode(stack);
 
 	const renderTooltip = useCallback(
 		(props: TooltipRenderArgs): React.ReactNode => {

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/types.ts

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import {
 	ChartClickData,
 } from 'lib/uPlotV2/plugins/TooltipPlugin/types';
 import { BaseAutocompleteData } from 'types/api/queryBuilder/queryAutocompleteResponse';
+import type { StackMode } from 'lib/uPlotV2/config/types';
 
 interface BaseChartProps {
 	width: number;
@@ -52,27 +53,26 @@ interface UPlotChartDataProps {
 	groupByPerQuery?: Record<string, BaseAutocompleteData[]>;
 }
 
-export interface TimeSeriesChartProps
-	extends BaseChartProps, UPlotBasedChartProps, UPlotChartDataProps {
+/** Everything the shared uPlot shell consumes; each chart's props narrow it. */
+export interface ChartWrapperProps
+	extends BaseChartProps, UPlotBasedChartProps, UPlotChartDataProps {}
+
+export interface TimeSeriesChartProps extends ChartWrapperProps {
 	timezone?: Timezone;
+	/** How series compose. Defaults to `none`, which draws them independently. */
+	stack?: StackMode;
 }
 
-export interface HistogramChartProps
-	extends BaseChartProps, UPlotBasedChartProps, UPlotChartDataProps {
+export interface BarChartProps extends ChartWrapperProps {
+	timezone?: Timezone;
+	/** How series compose. Defaults to `none`, which draws them independently. */
+	stack?: StackMode;
+}
+
+export interface HistogramChartProps extends ChartWrapperProps {
 	isQueriesMerged?: boolean;
 }
 
-export interface BarChartProps
-	extends BaseChartProps, UPlotBasedChartProps, UPlotChartDataProps {
-	isStackedBarChart?: boolean;
-	timezone?: Timezone;
-}
-
-export type ChartProps =
-	| TimeSeriesChartProps
-	| BarChartProps
-	| HistogramChartProps;
-
 /**
  * One resolved pie/donut slice: a display label, its (already parsed) positive
  * numeric value, and the colour used for the arc + legend swatch.

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/utils/__tests__/stackSeriesUtils.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+import { AlignedData } from 'uplot';
+
+import { StackMode } from 'lib/uPlotV2/config/types';
+
+import { stackSeries } from '../stackSeriesUtils';
+
+const includeAll = (): boolean => false;
+
+// Stacking is top-down: the first series carries the column total, the last its own
+// raw value. Every expectation below reads in that order.
+describe('stackSeries', () => {
+	it('is a no-op under `none`, returning the data and no bands', () => {
+		const data: AlignedData = [[1], [30], [10]];
+
+		const { data: result, bands } = stackSeries(data, includeAll, StackMode.None);
+
+		expect(result).toBe(data);
+		expect(bands).toStrictEqual([]);
+	});
+
+	describe('normal', () => {
+		it('accumulates raw values from the bottom series upward', () => {
+			const data: AlignedData = [
+				[1, 2],
+				[10, 20],
+				[1, 2],
+			];
+
+			expect(stackSeries(data, includeAll, StackMode.Normal).data).toStrictEqual([
+				[1, 2],
+				[11, 22],
+				[1, 2],
+			]);
+		});
+
+		it('treats nulls as 0 without breaking the running total', () => {
+			const data: AlignedData = [
+				[1, 2],
+				[10, null],
+				[1, 2],
+			];
+
+			expect(stackSeries(data, includeAll, StackMode.Normal).data).toStrictEqual([
+				[1, 2],
+				[11, 2],
+				[1, 2],
+			]);
+		});
+
+		it('emits one band per adjacent pair of participating series', () => {
+			const data: AlignedData = [[1], [10], [5], [1]];
+
+			expect(stackSeries(data, includeAll, StackMode.Normal).bands).toStrictEqual([
+				{ series: [1, 2] },
+				{ series: [2, 3] },
+			]);
+		});
+
+		it('copies omitted series through unstacked and skips their bands', () => {
+			const data: AlignedData = [[1], [10], [5], [1]];
+			const omitMiddle = (seriesIndex: number): boolean => seriesIndex === 2;
+
+			const { data: stacked, bands } = stackSeries(
+				data,
+				omitMiddle,
+				StackMode.Normal,
+			);
+
+			expect(stacked).toStrictEqual([[1], [11], [5], [1]]);
+			expect(bands).toStrictEqual([{ series: [1, 3] }]);
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('percent', () => {
+		it('rescales each column to its total so the top series reads 100', () => {
+			const data: AlignedData = [
+				[1, 2],
+				[30, 10],
+				[10, 10],
+			];
+
+			expect(stackSeries(data, includeAll, StackMode.Percent).data).toStrictEqual([
+				[1, 2],
+				[100, 100],
+				[25, 50],
+			]);
+		});
+
+		it('normalises per column, so an identical series differs across x', () => {
+			const data: AlignedData = [
+				[1, 2],
+				[1, 3],
+				[1, 1],
+			];
+
+			expect(stackSeries(data, includeAll, StackMode.Percent).data).toStrictEqual([
+				[1, 2],
+				[100, 100],
+				[50, 25],
+			]);
+		});
+
+		it('excludes omitted series from the total, so the visible ones still reach 100', () => {
+			const data: AlignedData = [[1], [30], [10], [60]];
+			const omitLast = (seriesIndex: number): boolean => seriesIndex === 3;
+
+			expect(stackSeries(data, omitLast, StackMode.Percent).data).toStrictEqual([
+				[1],
+				[100],
+				[25],
+				[60],
+			]);
+		});
+
+		it('yields 0 for a column whose participating series sum to zero', () => {
+			const data: AlignedData = [
+				[1, 2],
+				[0, 5],
+				[0, 5],
+			];
+
+			expect(stackSeries(data, includeAll, StackMode.Percent).data).toStrictEqual([
+				[1, 2],
+				[0, 100],
+				[0, 50],
+			]);
+		});
+
+		it('divides by the signed total when a column mixes signs', () => {
+			// 30 + (-10) = 20, so the shares are 150% and -50% and still sum to 100.
+			const data: AlignedData = [[1], [30], [-10]];
+
+			expect(stackSeries(data, includeAll, StackMode.Percent).data).toStrictEqual([
+				[1],
+				[100],
+				[-50],
+			]);
+		});
+
+		it('yields 0 across a column whose signed total cancels to zero', () => {
+			const data: AlignedData = [[1], [10], [-10]];
+
+			expect(stackSeries(data, includeAll, StackMode.Percent).data).toStrictEqual([
+				[1],
+				[0],
+				[0],
+			]);
+		});
+	});
+
+	it('defaults to normal when no mode is given', () => {
+		const data: AlignedData = [[1], [30], [10]];
+
+		expect(stackSeries(data, includeAll).data).toStrictEqual(
+			stackSeries(data, includeAll, StackMode.Normal).data,
+		);
+	});
+});

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/utils/__tests__/stackUtils.test.ts

@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-import { AlignedData } from 'uplot';
-
-import { getInitialStackedBands, stack } from '../stackUtils';
-
-describe('stackUtils', () => {
-	describe('stack', () => {
-		const neverOmit = (): boolean => false;
-
-		it('preserves time axis as first row', () => {
-			const data: AlignedData = [
-				[100, 200, 300],
-				[1, 2, 3],
-				[4, 5, 6],
-			];
-			const { data: result } = stack(data, neverOmit);
-			expect(result[0]).toStrictEqual([100, 200, 300]);
-		});
-
-		it('stacks value series cumulatively (last = raw, first = total)', () => {
-			// Time, then 3 value series. Stack order: last series stays raw, then we add upward.
-			const data: AlignedData = [
-				[0, 1, 2],
-				[1, 2, 3], // series 1
-				[4, 5, 6], // series 2
-				[7, 8, 9], // series 3
-			];
-			const { data: result } = stack(data, neverOmit);
-			// result[1] = s1+s2+s3, result[2] = s2+s3, result[3] = s3
-			expect(result[1]).toStrictEqual([12, 15, 18]); // 1+4+7, 2+5+8, 3+6+9
-			expect(result[2]).toStrictEqual([11, 13, 15]); // 4+7, 5+8, 6+9
-			expect(result[3]).toStrictEqual([7, 8, 9]);
-		});
-
-		it('treats null values as 0 when stacking', () => {
-			const data: AlignedData = [
-				[0, 1],
-				[1, null],
-				[null, 10],
-			];
-			const { data: result } = stack(data, neverOmit);
-			expect(result[1]).toStrictEqual([1, 10]); // total
-			expect(result[2]).toStrictEqual([0, 10]); // last series with null→0
-		});
-
-		it('copies omitted series as-is without accumulating', () => {
-			// Omit series 2 (index 2); series 1 and 3 are stacked.
-			const data: AlignedData = [
-				[0, 1],
-				[10, 20], // series 1
-				[100, 200], // series 2 - omitted
-				[1, 2], // series 3
-			];
-			const omitSeries2 = (i: number): boolean => i === 2;
-			const { data: result } = stack(data, omitSeries2);
-			// series 3 raw: [1, 2]; series 2 omitted: [100, 200] as-is; series 1 stacked with s3: [11, 22]
-			expect(result[1]).toStrictEqual([11, 22]); // 10+1, 20+2
-			expect(result[2]).toStrictEqual([100, 200]); // copied, not stacked
-			expect(result[3]).toStrictEqual([1, 2]);
-		});
-
-		it('returns bands between consecutive visible series when none omitted', () => {
-			const data: AlignedData = [
-				[0, 1],
-				[1, 2],
-				[3, 4],
-				[5, 6],
-			];
-			const { bands } = stack(data, neverOmit);
-			expect(bands).toStrictEqual([{ series: [1, 2] }, { series: [2, 3] }]);
-		});
-
-		it('returns bands only between visible series when some are omitted', () => {
-			// 4 value series; omit index 2. Visible: 1, 3, 4. Bands: [1,3], [3,4]
-			const data: AlignedData = [[0], [1], [2], [3], [4]];
-			const omitSeries2 = (i: number): boolean => i === 2;
-			const { bands } = stack(data, omitSeries2);
-			expect(bands).toStrictEqual([{ series: [1, 3] }, { series: [3, 4] }]);
-		});
-
-		it('returns empty bands when only one value series', () => {
-			const data: AlignedData = [
-				[0, 1],
-				[1, 2],
-			];
-			const { bands } = stack(data, neverOmit);
-			expect(bands).toStrictEqual([]);
-		});
-	});
-
-	describe('getInitialStackedBands', () => {
-		it('returns one band between each consecutive pair for seriesCount 3', () => {
-			expect(getInitialStackedBands(3)).toStrictEqual([
-				{ series: [1, 2] },
-				{ series: [2, 3] },
-			]);
-		});
-
-		it('returns empty array for seriesCount 0 or 1', () => {
-			expect(getInitialStackedBands(0)).toStrictEqual([]);
-			expect(getInitialStackedBands(1)).toStrictEqual([]);
-		});
-
-		it('returns single band for seriesCount 2', () => {
-			expect(getInitialStackedBands(2)).toStrictEqual([{ series: [1, 2] }]);
-		});
-
-		it('returns bands [1,2], [2,3], ..., [n-1, n] for seriesCount n', () => {
-			const bands = getInitialStackedBands(5);
-			expect(bands).toStrictEqual([
-				{ series: [1, 2] },
-				{ series: [2, 3] },
-				{ series: [3, 4] },
-				{ series: [4, 5] },
-			]);
-		});
-	});
-});

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/utils/stackSeriesUtils.ts

@@ -1,13 +1,20 @@
+import { StackMode } from 'lib/uPlotV2/config/types';
 import uPlot, { AlignedData } from 'uplot';
 
 /**
  * Stack data cumulatively (top-down: first series = top, last = bottom).
- * When `omit(seriesIndex)` returns true, that series is excluded from stacking.
+ * When `omit(seriesIndex)` returns true, that series keeps its raw values and
+ * contributes nothing to the total. `None` is a no-op.
  */
 export function stackSeries(
 	data: AlignedData,
 	omit: (seriesIndex: number) => boolean,
+	mode: StackMode = StackMode.Normal,
 ): { data: AlignedData; bands: uPlot.Band[] } {
+	if (mode === StackMode.None) {
+		return { data, bands: [] };
+	}
+
 	const timeAxis = data[0];
 	const pointCount = timeAxis.length;
 	const valueSeriesCount = data.length - 1; // exclude time axis
@@ -17,6 +24,7 @@ export function stackSeries(
 		valueSeriesCount,
 		pointCount,
 		omit,
+		mode,
 	});
 	const bands = buildFillBands(valueSeriesCount + 1, omit); // +1 for 1-based series indices
 
@@ -31,6 +39,46 @@ interface BuildStackedSeriesParams {
 	valueSeriesCount: number;
 	pointCount: number;
 	omit: (seriesIndex: number) => boolean;
+	mode: StackMode;
+}
+
+/** Per-point total. Mixed-sign columns sum signed, as "share of total" implies. */
+function columnTotals({
+	data,
+	valueSeriesCount,
+	pointCount,
+	omit,
+}: Omit<BuildStackedSeriesParams, 'mode'>): number[] {
+	const totals = Array(pointCount).fill(0) as number[];
+
+	for (let seriesIndex = 1; seriesIndex <= valueSeriesCount; seriesIndex++) {
+		if (omit(seriesIndex)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		const rawValues = data[seriesIndex] as (number | null)[];
+		rawValues.forEach((rawValue, pointIndex) => {
+			totals[pointIndex] += rawValue == null ? 0 : Number(rawValue);
+		});
+	}
+
+	return totals;
+}
+
+/** A column whose participating series sum to 0 has no share to divide, so every slice is 0. */
+function toPercent(value: number, total: number): number {
+	return total === 0 ? 0 : (value / total) * 100;
+}
+
+/** What a raw value adds to the stack at a given point. */
+type Contribution = (value: number, pointIndex: number) => number;
+
+function contributionForMode(params: BuildStackedSeriesParams): Contribution {
+	if (params.mode !== StackMode.Percent) {
+		return (value): number => value;
+	}
+	// Resolved up front: totals span series the accumulation below has not reached yet.
+	const totals = columnTotals(params);
+	return (value, pointIndex): number => toPercent(value, totals[pointIndex]);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -42,9 +90,17 @@ function buildStackedSeries({
 	valueSeriesCount,
 	pointCount,
 	omit,
+	mode,
 }: BuildStackedSeriesParams): (number | null)[][] {
 	const stackedSeries: (number | null)[][] = Array(valueSeriesCount);
 	const cumulativeSums = Array(pointCount).fill(0) as number[];
+	const contributionOf = contributionForMode({
+		data,
+		valueSeriesCount,
+		pointCount,
+		omit,
+		mode,
+	});
 
 	for (let seriesIndex = valueSeriesCount; seriesIndex >= 1; seriesIndex--) {
 		const rawValues = data[seriesIndex] as (number | null)[];
@@ -54,7 +110,10 @@ function buildStackedSeries({
 		} else {
 			stackedSeries[seriesIndex - 1] = rawValues.map((rawValue, pointIndex) => {
 				const numericValue = rawValue == null ? 0 : Number(rawValue);
-				return (cumulativeSums[pointIndex] += numericValue);
+				return (cumulativeSums[pointIndex] += contributionOf(
+					numericValue,
+					pointIndex,
+				));
 			});
 		}
 	}
@@ -101,16 +160,3 @@ function findNextVisibleSeriesIndex(
 	}
 	return -1;
 }
-
-/**
- * Returns band indices for initial stacked state (no series omitted).
- * Top-down: first series at top, band fills between consecutive series.
- * uPlot band format: [upperSeriesIdx, lowerSeriesIdx].
- */
-export function getInitialStackedBands(seriesCount: number): uPlot.Band[] {
-	const bands: uPlot.Band[] = [];
-	for (let seriesIndex = 1; seriesIndex < seriesCount; seriesIndex++) {
-		bands.push({ series: [seriesIndex, seriesIndex + 1] });
-	}
-	return bands;
-}

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/utils/stackUtils.ts

@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-import uPlot, { AlignedData } from 'uplot';
-
-/**
- * Stack data cumulatively (top-down: first series = top, last = bottom).
- * When `omit(seriesIndex)` returns true, that series is excluded from stacking.
- */
-export function stack(
-	data: AlignedData,
-	omit: (seriesIndex: number) => boolean,
-): { data: AlignedData; bands: uPlot.Band[] } {
-	const timeAxis = data[0];
-	const pointCount = timeAxis.length;
-	const valueSeriesCount = data.length - 1; // exclude time axis
-
-	const stackedSeries = buildStackedSeries({
-		data,
-		valueSeriesCount,
-		pointCount,
-		omit,
-	});
-	const bands = buildFillBands(valueSeriesCount + 1, omit); // +1 for 1-based series indices
-
-	return {
-		data: [timeAxis, ...stackedSeries] as AlignedData,
-		bands,
-	};
-}
-
-interface BuildStackedSeriesParams {
-	data: AlignedData;
-	valueSeriesCount: number;
-	pointCount: number;
-	omit: (seriesIndex: number) => boolean;
-}
-
-/**
- * Accumulate from last series upward: last series = raw values, first = total.
- * Omitted series are copied as-is (no accumulation).
- */
-function buildStackedSeries({
-	data,
-	valueSeriesCount,
-	pointCount,
-	omit,
-}: BuildStackedSeriesParams): (number | null)[][] {
-	const stackedSeries: (number | null)[][] = Array(valueSeriesCount);
-	const cumulativeSums = Array(pointCount).fill(0) as number[];
-
-	for (let seriesIndex = valueSeriesCount; seriesIndex >= 1; seriesIndex--) {
-		const rawValues = data[seriesIndex] as (number | null)[];
-
-		if (omit(seriesIndex)) {
-			stackedSeries[seriesIndex - 1] = rawValues;
-		} else {
-			stackedSeries[seriesIndex - 1] = rawValues.map((rawValue, pointIndex) => {
-				const numericValue = rawValue == null ? 0 : Number(rawValue);
-				return (cumulativeSums[pointIndex] += numericValue);
-			});
-		}
-	}
-
-	return stackedSeries;
-}
-
-/**
- * Bands define fill between consecutive visible series for stacked appearance.
- * uPlot format: [upperSeriesIdx, lowerSeriesIdx].
- */
-function buildFillBands(
-	seriesLength: number,
-	omit: (seriesIndex: number) => boolean,
-): uPlot.Band[] {
-	const bands: uPlot.Band[] = [];
-
-	for (let seriesIndex = 1; seriesIndex < seriesLength; seriesIndex++) {
-		if (omit(seriesIndex)) {
-			continue;
-		}
-		const nextVisibleSeriesIndex = findNextVisibleSeriesIndex(
-			seriesLength,
-			seriesIndex,
-			omit,
-		);
-		if (nextVisibleSeriesIndex !== -1) {
-			bands.push({ series: [seriesIndex, nextVisibleSeriesIndex] });
-		}
-	}
-
-	return bands;
-}
-
-function findNextVisibleSeriesIndex(
-	seriesLength: number,
-	afterIndex: number,
-	omit: (seriesIndex: number) => boolean,
-): number {
-	for (let i = afterIndex + 1; i < seriesLength; i++) {
-		if (!omit(i)) {
-			return i;
-		}
-	}
-	return -1;
-}
-
-/**
- * Returns band indices for initial stacked state (no series omitted).
- * Top-down: first series at top, band fills between consecutive series.
- * uPlot band format: [upperSeriesIdx, lowerSeriesIdx].
- */
-export function getInitialStackedBands(seriesCount: number): uPlot.Band[] {
-	const bands: uPlot.Band[] = [];
-	for (let seriesIndex = 1; seriesIndex < seriesCount; seriesIndex++) {
-		bands.push({ series: [seriesIndex, seriesIndex + 1] });
-	}
-	return bands;
-}

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/hooks/__tests__/useBarChartStacking.test.ts

@@ -1,313 +0,0 @@
-import { renderHook } from '@testing-library/react';
-import uPlot from 'uplot';
-
-import type { UseBarChartStackingParams } from '../useBarChartStacking';
-import { useBarChartStacking } from '../useBarChartStacking';
-
-type MockConfig = { addHook: jest.Mock };
-
-function asConfig(c: MockConfig): UseBarChartStackingParams['config'] {
-	return c as unknown as UseBarChartStackingParams['config'];
-}
-
-function createMockConfig(): {
-	config: MockConfig;
-	invokeSetData: (plot: uPlot) => void;
-	invokeSetSeries: (
-		plot: uPlot,
-		seriesIndex: number | null,
-		opts: Partial<uPlot.Series> & { focus?: boolean },
-	) => void;
-	removeSetData: jest.Mock;
-	removeSetSeries: jest.Mock;
-} {
-	let setDataHandler: ((plot: uPlot) => void) | null = null;
-	let setSeriesHandler:
-		| ((plot: uPlot, seriesIndex: number | null, opts: uPlot.Series) => void)
-		| null = null;
-
-	const removeSetData = jest.fn();
-	const removeSetSeries = jest.fn();
-
-	const addHook = jest.fn(
-		(
-			hookName: string,
-			handler: (plot: uPlot, ...args: unknown[]) => void,
-		): (() => void) => {
-			if (hookName === 'setData') {
-				setDataHandler = handler as (plot: uPlot) => void;
-				return removeSetData;
-			}
-			if (hookName === 'setSeries') {
-				setSeriesHandler = handler as (
-					plot: uPlot,
-					seriesIndex: number | null,
-					opts: uPlot.Series,
-				) => void;
-				return removeSetSeries;
-			}
-			return jest.fn();
-		},
-	);
-
-	const config: MockConfig = { addHook };
-
-	const invokeSetData = (plot: uPlot): void => {
-		setDataHandler?.(plot);
-	};
-
-	const invokeSetSeries = (
-		plot: uPlot,
-		seriesIndex: number | null,
-		opts: Partial<uPlot.Series> & { focus?: boolean },
-	): void => {
-		setSeriesHandler?.(plot, seriesIndex, opts as uPlot.Series);
-	};
-
-	return {
-		config,
-		invokeSetData,
-		invokeSetSeries,
-		removeSetData,
-		removeSetSeries,
-	};
-}
-
-function createMockPlot(overrides: Partial<uPlot> = {}): uPlot {
-	return {
-		data: [
-			[0, 1, 2],
-			[1, 2, 3],
-			[4, 5, 6],
-		],
-		series: [{ show: true }, { show: true }, { show: true }],
-		delBand: jest.fn(),
-		addBand: jest.fn(),
-		setData: jest.fn(),
-		...overrides,
-	} as unknown as uPlot;
-}
-
-describe('useBarChartStacking', () => {
-	it('returns data as-is when isStackedBarChart is false', () => {
-		const data: uPlot.AlignedData = [
-			[100, 200],
-			[1, 2],
-			[3, 4],
-		];
-		const { result } = renderHook(() =>
-			useBarChartStacking({
-				data,
-				isStackedBarChart: false,
-				config: null,
-			}),
-		);
-		expect(result.current).toBe(data);
-	});
-
-	it('returns data as-is when config is null and isStackedBarChart is true', () => {
-		const data: uPlot.AlignedData = [
-			[0, 1],
-			[1, 2],
-			[4, 5],
-		];
-		const { result } = renderHook(() =>
-			useBarChartStacking({
-				data,
-				isStackedBarChart: true,
-				config: null,
-			}),
-		);
-		// Still returns stacked data (computed in useMemo); no hooks registered
-		expect(result.current[0]).toStrictEqual([0, 1]);
-		expect(result.current[1]).toStrictEqual([5, 7]); // stacked
-		expect(result.current[2]).toStrictEqual([4, 5]);
-	});
-
-	it('returns stacked data when isStackedBarChart is true and multiple value series', () => {
-		const data: uPlot.AlignedData = [
-			[0, 1, 2],
-			[1, 2, 3],
-			[4, 5, 6],
-			[7, 8, 9],
-		];
-		const { result } = renderHook(() =>
-			useBarChartStacking({
-				data,
-				isStackedBarChart: true,
-				config: null,
-			}),
-		);
-		expect(result.current[0]).toStrictEqual([0, 1, 2]);
-		expect(result.current[1]).toStrictEqual([12, 15, 18]); // s1+s2+s3
-		expect(result.current[2]).toStrictEqual([11, 13, 15]); // s2+s3
-		expect(result.current[3]).toStrictEqual([7, 8, 9]);
-	});
-
-	it('returns data as-is when only one value series (no stacking needed)', () => {
-		const data: uPlot.AlignedData = [
-			[0, 1],
-			[1, 2],
-		];
-		const { result } = renderHook(() =>
-			useBarChartStacking({
-				data,
-				isStackedBarChart: true,
-				config: null,
-			}),
-		);
-		expect(result.current).toStrictEqual(data);
-	});
-
-	it('registers setData and setSeries hooks when isStackedBarChart and config provided', () => {
-		const { config } = createMockConfig();
-		const data: uPlot.AlignedData = [
-			[0, 1],
-			[1, 2],
-			[3, 4],
-		];
-
-		renderHook(() =>
-			useBarChartStacking({
-				data,
-				isStackedBarChart: true,
-				config: asConfig(config),
-			}),
-		);
-
-		expect(config.addHook).toHaveBeenCalledWith('setData', expect.any(Function));
-		expect(config.addHook).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-			'setSeries',
-			expect.any(Function),
-		);
-	});
-
-	it('does not register hooks when isStackedBarChart is false', () => {
-		const { config } = createMockConfig();
-		const data: uPlot.AlignedData = [
-			[0, 1],
-			[1, 2],
-			[3, 4],
-		];
-
-		renderHook(() =>
-			useBarChartStacking({
-				data,
-				isStackedBarChart: false,
-				config: asConfig(config),
-			}),
-		);
-
-		expect(config.addHook).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-	});
-
-	it('calls cleanup when unmounted', () => {
-		const { config, removeSetData, removeSetSeries } = createMockConfig();
-		const data: uPlot.AlignedData = [
-			[0, 1],
-			[1, 2],
-			[3, 4],
-		];
-
-		const { unmount } = renderHook(() =>
-			useBarChartStacking({
-				data,
-				isStackedBarChart: true,
-				config: asConfig(config),
-			}),
-		);
-
-		unmount();
-
-		expect(removeSetData).toHaveBeenCalled();
-		expect(removeSetSeries).toHaveBeenCalled();
-	});
-
-	it('re-stacks and updates plot when setData hook is invoked', () => {
-		const { config, invokeSetData } = createMockConfig();
-		const data: uPlot.AlignedData = [
-			[0, 1, 2],
-			[1, 2, 3],
-			[4, 5, 6],
-		];
-		const plot = createMockPlot({
-			data: [
-				[0, 1, 2],
-				[5, 7, 9],
-				[4, 5, 6],
-			],
-		});
-
-		renderHook(() =>
-			useBarChartStacking({
-				data,
-				isStackedBarChart: true,
-				config: asConfig(config),
-			}),
-		);
-
-		invokeSetData(plot);
-
-		expect(plot.delBand).toHaveBeenCalledWith(null);
-		expect(plot.addBand).toHaveBeenCalled();
-		expect(plot.setData).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-			expect.arrayContaining([
-				[0, 1, 2],
-				expect.any(Array), // stacked row 1
-				expect.any(Array), // stacked row 2
-			]),
-		);
-	});
-
-	it('re-stacks when setSeries hook is invoked (e.g. legend toggle)', () => {
-		const { config, invokeSetSeries } = createMockConfig();
-		const data: uPlot.AlignedData = [
-			[0, 1],
-			[10, 20],
-			[5, 10],
-		];
-		// Plot data must match unstacked length so canApplyStacking passes
-		const plot = createMockPlot({
-			data: [
-				[0, 1],
-				[15, 30],
-				[5, 10],
-			],
-		});
-
-		renderHook(() =>
-			useBarChartStacking({
-				data,
-				isStackedBarChart: true,
-				config: asConfig(config),
-			}),
-		);
-
-		invokeSetSeries(plot, 1, { show: false });
-
-		expect(plot.setData).toHaveBeenCalled();
-	});
-
-	it('does not re-stack when setSeries is called with focus option', () => {
-		const { config, invokeSetSeries } = createMockConfig();
-		const data: uPlot.AlignedData = [
-			[0, 1],
-			[1, 2],
-			[3, 4],
-		];
-		const plot = createMockPlot();
-
-		renderHook(() =>
-			useBarChartStacking({
-				data,
-				isStackedBarChart: true,
-				config: asConfig(config),
-			}),
-		);
-
-		(plot.setData as jest.Mock).mockClear();
-		invokeSetSeries(plot, 1, { focus: true } as uPlot.Series);
-
-		expect(plot.setData).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-	});
-});

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/hooks/useBarChartStacking.ts

@@ -1,125 +0,0 @@
-import {
-	MutableRefObject,
-	useCallback,
-	useLayoutEffect,
-	useMemo,
-	useRef,
-} from 'react';
-import { UPlotConfigBuilder } from 'lib/uPlotV2/config/UPlotConfigBuilder';
-import { has } from 'lodash-es';
-import uPlot from 'uplot';
-
-import { stackSeries } from '../charts/utils/stackSeriesUtils';
-
-/** Returns true if the series at the given index is hidden (e.g. via legend toggle). */
-function isSeriesHidden(plot: uPlot, seriesIndex: number): boolean {
-	return !plot.series[seriesIndex]?.show;
-}
-
-function canApplyStacking(
-	unstackedData: uPlot.AlignedData | null,
-	plot: uPlot,
-	isUpdating: boolean,
-): boolean {
-	return (
-		!isUpdating &&
-		!!unstackedData &&
-		!!plot.data &&
-		unstackedData[0]?.length === plot.data[0]?.length
-	);
-}
-
-function setupStackingHooks(
-	config: UPlotConfigBuilder,
-	applyStackingToChart: (plot: uPlot) => void,
-	isUpdatingRef: MutableRefObject<boolean>,
-): () => void {
-	const onDataChange = (plot: uPlot): void => {
-		if (!isUpdatingRef.current) {
-			applyStackingToChart(plot);
-		}
-	};
-
-	const onSeriesVisibilityChange = (
-		plot: uPlot,
-		_seriesIdx: number | null,
-		opts: uPlot.Series,
-	): void => {
-		if (!has(opts, 'focus')) {
-			applyStackingToChart(plot);
-		}
-	};
-
-	const removeSetDataHook = config.addHook('setData', onDataChange);
-	const removeSetSeriesHook = config.addHook(
-		'setSeries',
-		onSeriesVisibilityChange,
-	);
-
-	return (): void => {
-		removeSetDataHook?.();
-		removeSetSeriesHook?.();
-	};
-}
-
-export interface UseBarChartStackingParams {
-	data: uPlot.AlignedData;
-	isStackedBarChart?: boolean;
-	config: UPlotConfigBuilder | null;
-}
-
-/**
- * Handles stacking for bar charts: computes initial stacked data and re-stacks
- * when data or series visibility changes (e.g. legend toggles).
- */
-export function useBarChartStacking({
-	data,
-	isStackedBarChart = false,
-	config,
-}: UseBarChartStackingParams): uPlot.AlignedData {
-	// Store unstacked source data so uPlot hooks can access it (hooks run outside React's render cycle)
-	const unstackedDataRef = useRef<uPlot.AlignedData | null>(null);
-	unstackedDataRef.current = isStackedBarChart ? data : null;
-
-	// Prevents re-entrant calls when we update chart data (avoids infinite loop in setData hook)
-	const isUpdatingChartRef = useRef(false);
-
-	const chartData = useMemo((): uPlot.AlignedData => {
-		if (!isStackedBarChart || !data || data.length < 2) {
-			return data;
-		}
-		const noSeriesHidden = (): boolean => false; // include all series in initial stack
-		const { data: stacked } = stackSeries(data, noSeriesHidden);
-		return stacked;
-	}, [data, isStackedBarChart]);
-
-	const applyStackingToChart = useCallback((plot: uPlot): void => {
-		const unstacked = unstackedDataRef.current;
-		if (
-			!unstacked ||
-			!canApplyStacking(unstacked, plot, isUpdatingChartRef.current)
-		) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		const shouldExcludeSeries = (idx: number): boolean =>
-			isSeriesHidden(plot, idx);
-		const { data: stacked, bands } = stackSeries(unstacked, shouldExcludeSeries);
-
-		plot.delBand(null);
-		bands.forEach((band: uPlot.Band) => plot.addBand(band));
-
-		isUpdatingChartRef.current = true;
-		plot.setData(stacked);
-		isUpdatingChartRef.current = false;
-	}, []);
-
-	useLayoutEffect(() => {
-		if (!isStackedBarChart || !config) {
-			return undefined;
-		}
-		return setupStackingHooks(config, applyStackingToChart, isUpdatingChartRef);
-	}, [isStackedBarChart, config, applyStackingToChart]);
-
-	return chartData;
-}

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/BarPanel/BarPanel.tsx

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import { prepareBarPanelConfig } from './utils';
 import '../Panel.styles.scss';
 import TooltipFooter from '../components/TooltipFooter';
 import { prepareChartData } from 'lib/uPlotV2/utils/dataUtils';
+import { StackMode } from 'lib/uPlotV2/config/types';
 
 function BarPanel(props: PanelWrapperProps): JSX.Element {
 	const {
@@ -147,6 +148,7 @@ function BarPanel(props: PanelWrapperProps): JSX.Element {
 			{containerDimensions.width > 0 && containerDimensions.height > 0 && (
 				<BarChart
 					key={`${syncMode}-${syncFilterMode}`}
+					stack={widget.stackedBarChart ? StackMode.Normal : StackMode.None}
 					config={config}
 					legendConfig={{
 						position: widget?.legendPosition ?? LegendPosition.BOTTOM,
@@ -159,7 +161,6 @@ function BarPanel(props: PanelWrapperProps): JSX.Element {
 					height={containerDimensions.height}
 					layoutChildren={layoutChildren}
 					groupByPerQuery={groupByPerQuery}
-					isStackedBarChart={widget.stackedBarChart ?? false}
 					yAxisUnit={widget.yAxisUnit}
 					decimalPrecision={widget.decimalPrecision}
 					timezone={timezone}

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/BarPanel/__tests__/utils.test.ts

@@ -35,20 +35,10 @@ jest.mock('lib/getLabelName', () => ({
 	),
 }));
 
-jest.mock(
-	'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/utils/stackSeriesUtils',
-	() => ({
-		getInitialStackedBands: jest.fn().mockReturnValue([]),
-	}),
-);
-
 const getLegendMock = jest.requireMock('lib/dashboard/getQueryResults')
 	.getLegend as jest.Mock;
 const getLabelNameMock = jest.requireMock('lib/getLabelName')
 	.default as jest.Mock;
-const getInitialStackedBandsMock = jest.requireMock(
-	'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/utils/stackSeriesUtils',
-).getInitialStackedBands as jest.Mock;
 
 const createApiResponse = (
 	result: MetricRangePayloadProps['data']['result'] = [],
@@ -247,36 +237,5 @@ describe('BarPanel utils', () => {
 			}).getConfig();
 			expect(config.series?.[1]).toMatchObject({ stroke: '#ff0000' });
 		});
-
-		it('calls getInitialStackedBands when widget is stackedBarChart', () => {
-			const widget = createWidget({ stackedBarChart: true });
-			const apiResponse = createApiResponse([
-				{
-					metric: {},
-					queryName: 'Q1',
-					values: [[1000, '1']],
-				} as MetricRangePayloadProps['data']['result'][0],
-				{
-					metric: {},
-					queryName: 'Q2',
-					values: [[1000, '2']],
-				} as MetricRangePayloadProps['data']['result'][0],
-			]);
-			prepareBarPanelConfig({ ...baseParams, widget, apiResponse });
-			// seriesCount = result.length + 1 = 3
-			expect(getInitialStackedBandsMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(3);
-		});
-
-		it('does not call getInitialStackedBands for non-stacked chart', () => {
-			const apiResponse = createApiResponse([
-				{
-					metric: {},
-					queryName: 'Q1',
-					values: [[1000, '1']],
-				} as MetricRangePayloadProps['data']['result'][0],
-			]);
-			prepareBarPanelConfig({ ...baseParams, apiResponse });
-			expect(getInitialStackedBandsMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-		});
 	});
 });

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/BarPanel/utils.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import { ExecStats } from 'api/v5/v5';
 import { Timezone } from 'components/CustomTimePicker/timezoneUtils';
 import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
-import { getInitialStackedBands } from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/utils/stackSeriesUtils';
 import { getLegend } from 'lib/dashboard/getQueryResults';
 import getLabelName from 'lib/getLabelName';
 import { OnClickPluginOpts } from 'lib/uPlotLib/plugins/onClickPlugin';
@@ -69,11 +68,6 @@ export function prepareBarPanelConfig({
 		return builder;
 	}
 
-	if (widget.stackedBarChart) {
-		const seriesCount = (apiResponse.data.result.length ?? 0) + 1; // +1 for 1-based uPlot series indices
-		builder.setBands(getInitialStackedBands(seriesCount));
-	}
-
 	apiResponse.data.result.forEach((series) => {
 		const baseLabelName = getLabelName(
 			series.metric,

frontend/src/container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/utils/baseConfigBuilder.ts

@@ -124,7 +124,9 @@ export function buildBaseConfig({
 		side: 2,
 		isDarkMode,
 		isLogScale,
-		panelType,
+		// Graph and bar plot time on X; every other panel type here does not.
+		isTimeAxis:
+			panelType === PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES || panelType === PANEL_TYPES.BAR,
 	});
 
 	builder.addAxis({
@@ -134,7 +136,6 @@ export function buildBaseConfig({
 		isDarkMode,
 		isLogScale,
 		yAxisUnit,
-		panelType,
 	});
 
 	return builder;

frontend/src/container/InfraMonitoringK8sV2/EntityDetailsUtils/EntityMetrics/configBuilder.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import { Timezone } from 'components/CustomTimePicker/timezoneUtils';
-import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
 import { getLegend } from 'lib/dashboard/getQueryResults';
 import getLabelName from 'lib/getLabelName';
 import {
@@ -76,7 +75,7 @@ export function buildEntityMetricsChartConfig({
 		show: true,
 		side: 2,
 		isDarkMode,
-		panelType: PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES,
+		isTimeAxis: true,
 	});
 
 	builder.addAxis({
@@ -85,7 +84,6 @@ export function buildEntityMetricsChartConfig({
 		side: 3,
 		isDarkMode,
 		yAxisUnit,
-		panelType: PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES,
 	});
 
 	if (!apiResponse?.data?.result) {

frontend/src/container/MeterExplorer/Explorer/TimeSeries.tsx

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { useIsDarkMode } from 'hooks/useDarkMode';
 import { useResizeObserver } from 'hooks/useDimensions';
 import useUrlYAxisUnit from 'hooks/useUrlYAxisUnit';
 import { LegendPosition } from 'lib/uPlotV2/components/types';
+import { StackMode } from 'lib/uPlotV2/config/types';
 import { prepareChartData } from 'lib/uPlotV2/utils/dataUtils';
 import { useTimezone } from 'providers/Timezone';
 import { AppState } from 'store/reducers';
@@ -137,6 +138,7 @@ function TimeSeries({
 									key={`${WIDGET_ID}-${index}`}
 								>
 									<BarChart
+										stack={StackMode.Normal}
 										config={chart.config}
 										legendConfig={{
 											position: LegendPosition.BOTTOM,
@@ -144,7 +146,6 @@ function TimeSeries({
 										data={chart.chartData as uPlot.AlignedData}
 										width={containerDimensions.width}
 										height={containerDimensions.height}
-										isStackedBarChart
 										yAxisUnit={yAxisUnit || 'short'}
 										timezone={timezone}
 									/>

frontend/src/container/MeterExplorer/Explorer/configBuilder.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 import { Timezone } from 'components/CustomTimePicker/timezoneUtils';
-import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
-import { getInitialStackedBands } from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/utils/stackSeriesUtils';
 import { getLegend } from 'lib/dashboard/getQueryResults';
 import getLabelName from 'lib/getLabelName';
 import {
@@ -73,7 +71,7 @@ export function buildMeterChartConfig({
 		show: true,
 		side: 2,
 		isDarkMode,
-		panelType: PANEL_TYPES.BAR,
+		isTimeAxis: true,
 	});
 
 	builder.addAxis({
@@ -82,16 +80,12 @@ export function buildMeterChartConfig({
 		side: 3,
 		isDarkMode,
 		yAxisUnit,
-		panelType: PANEL_TYPES.BAR,
 	});
 
 	if (!apiResponse?.data?.result) {
 		return builder;
 	}
 
-	const seriesCount = (apiResponse.data.result.length ?? 0) + 1;
-	builder.setBands(getInitialStackedBands(seriesCount));
-
 	apiResponse.data.result.forEach((series) => {
 		const baseLabelName = getLabelName(
 			series.metric,

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/components/Tooltip/BarChartTooltip.tsx

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ export default function BarChartTooltip(props: BarTooltipProps): JSX.Element {
 		(): TooltipContentItem[] =>
 			buildTooltipContent({
 				data: props.uPlotInstance.data,
+				unstackedData: props.unstackedData,
 				series: props.uPlotInstance.series,
 				dataIndexes: props.dataIndexes,
 				activeSeriesIndex: props.seriesIndex,
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ export default function BarChartTooltip(props: BarTooltipProps): JSX.Element {
 			}),
 		[
 			props.uPlotInstance,
+			props.unstackedData,
 			props.seriesIndex,
 			props.dataIndexes,
 			props.yAxisUnit,

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/components/Tooltip/TimeSeriesTooltip.tsx

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ export default function TimeSeriesTooltip(
 		(): TooltipContentItem[] =>
 			buildTooltipContent({
 				data: props.uPlotInstance.data,
+				unstackedData: props.unstackedData,
 				series: props.uPlotInstance.series,
 				dataIndexes: props.dataIndexes,
 				activeSeriesIndex: props.seriesIndex,
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ export default function TimeSeriesTooltip(
 			}),
 		[
 			props.uPlotInstance,
+			props.unstackedData,
 			props.seriesIndex,
 			props.dataIndexes,
 			props.yAxisUnit,

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/components/Tooltip/__tests__/utils.test.ts

@@ -72,6 +72,35 @@ describe('Tooltip utils', () => {
 			expect(result).toBe(20);
 		});
 
+		it('reports the pre-stack value, identically for normal and percent', () => {
+			const unstackedData: AlignedData = [[0], [30], [10]];
+			const series = [{}, { show: true }, { show: true }] as Series[];
+			const read = (data: AlignedData): number | null =>
+				getTooltipBaseValue({
+					data,
+					unstackedData,
+					index: 1,
+					dataIndex: 0,
+					isStackedBarChart: true,
+					series,
+				});
+
+			expect(read([[0], [40], [10]])).toBe(30);
+			expect(read([[0], [100], [25]])).toBe(30);
+		});
+
+		it('falls back to subtraction when no pre-stack data is given', () => {
+			const result = getTooltipBaseValue({
+				data: [[0], [40], [10]],
+				index: 1,
+				dataIndex: 0,
+				isStackedBarChart: true,
+				series: [{}, { show: true }, { show: true }] as Series[],
+			});
+
+			expect(result).toBe(30);
+		});
+
 		it('returns null when value is missing', () => {
 			const data: AlignedData = [
 				[0, 1],

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/components/Tooltip/utils.ts

@@ -23,17 +23,25 @@ export function resolveSeriesColor(
 
 export function getTooltipBaseValue({
 	data,
+	unstackedData,
 	index,
 	dataIndex,
 	isStackedBarChart,
 	series,
 }: {
 	data: AlignedData;
+	unstackedData?: AlignedData;
 	index: number;
 	dataIndex: number;
 	isStackedBarChart?: boolean;
 	series?: Series[];
 }): number | null {
+	// The subtraction below only recovers the raw value under `normal` stacking.
+	const unstackedSeries = unstackedData?.[index];
+	if (unstackedSeries) {
+		return unstackedSeries[dataIndex] ?? null;
+	}
+
 	let baseValue = data[index][dataIndex] ?? null;
 	// Top-down stacking (first series at top): raw = stacked[i] - stacked[nextVisible].
 	// When series are hidden, we must use the next *visible* series, not index+1,
@@ -56,6 +64,7 @@ export function getTooltipBaseValue({
 
 export function buildTooltipContent({
 	data,
+	unstackedData,
 	series,
 	dataIndexes,
 	activeSeriesIndex,
@@ -67,6 +76,7 @@ export function buildTooltipContent({
 	syncFilterMode,
 }: {
 	data: AlignedData;
+	unstackedData?: AlignedData;
 	series: Series[];
 	dataIndexes: Array<number | null>;
 	activeSeriesIndex: number | null;
@@ -115,6 +125,7 @@ export function buildTooltipContent({
 
 		const baseValue = getTooltipBaseValue({
 			data,
+			unstackedData,
 			index: seriesIndex,
 			dataIndex,
 			isStackedBarChart,

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/components/types.ts

@@ -69,6 +69,11 @@ export interface TooltipRenderArgs {
 	syncedSeriesIndexes?: number[] | null;
 	/** Receiver-side filter mode for the synced tooltip. Defaults to Filtered. */
 	syncFilterMode?: SyncTooltipFilterMode;
+	/**
+	 * Pre-stack values, injected by `ChartWrapper`. `Percent` discards the column total,
+	 * so the raw value cannot be recovered from the plot's own cumulative data.
+	 */
+	unstackedData?: uPlot.AlignedData;
 }
 
 export interface IRenderTooltipFooterArgs {

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/config/UPlotAxisBuilder.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import { getToolTipValue } from 'components/Graph/yAxisConfig';
-import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
 import uPlot, { Axis } from 'uplot';
 
 import { uPlotXAxisValuesFormat } from '../../uPlotLib/utils/constants';
@@ -7,11 +6,6 @@ import getGridColor from '../../uPlotLib/utils/getGridColor';
 import { buildYAxisSizeCalculator } from '../utils/axis';
 import { AxisProps, ConfigBuilder } from './types';
 
-const PANEL_TYPES_WITH_X_AXIS_DATETIME_FORMAT = [
-	PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES,
-	PANEL_TYPES.BAR,
-];
-
 /**
  * Builder for uPlot axis configuration
  * Handles creation and merging of axis settings
@@ -67,12 +61,9 @@ export class UPlotAxisBuilder extends ConfigBuilder<AxisProps, Axis> {
 	 * Build values formatter for X-axis (time)
 	 */
 	private buildXAxisValuesFormatter(): uPlot.Axis.Values | undefined {
-		const { panelType } = this.props;
+		const { isTimeAxis } = this.props;
 
-		if (
-			panelType &&
-			PANEL_TYPES_WITH_X_AXIS_DATETIME_FORMAT.includes(panelType)
-		) {
+		if (isTimeAxis) {
 			return uPlotXAxisValuesFormat as uPlot.Axis.Values;
 		}
 

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/config/UPlotConfigBuilder.ts

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import {
 	ConfigBuilderProps,
 	LegendItem,
 	SelectionPreferencesSource,
+	StackMode,
 } from './types';
 import { AxisProps, UPlotAxisBuilder } from './UPlotAxisBuilder';
 import { ScaleProps, UPlotScaleBuilder } from './UPlotScaleBuilder';
@@ -28,6 +29,11 @@ import { SeriesProps, UPlotSeriesBuilder } from './UPlotSeriesBuilder';
 /**
  * Type definitions for uPlot option objects
  */
+/** Renders a 0–100 number as `50%`, unlike the 0–1 `percentunit`. */
+const PERCENT_AXIS_UNIT = 'percent';
+
+const PERCENT_AXIS_MAX = 100;
+
 type LegendConfig = {
 	show?: boolean;
 	live?: boolean;
@@ -57,6 +63,8 @@ export class UPlotConfigBuilder extends ConfigBuilder<
 
 	private bands: uPlot.Band[] = [];
 
+	private stackMode: StackMode = StackMode.None;
+
 	private cursor: Cursor | undefined;
 
 	private hooks: Hooks.Arrays = {};
@@ -143,6 +151,15 @@ export class UPlotConfigBuilder extends ConfigBuilder<
 		this.axes[scaleKey] = new UPlotAxisBuilder(props);
 	}
 
+	/** Drives the fill bands, the percent axis unit and the percent range below. */
+	setStackMode(stackMode: StackMode): void {
+		this.stackMode = stackMode;
+	}
+
+	getStackMode(): StackMode {
+		return this.stackMode;
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Add or merge a scale configuration
 	 */
@@ -211,6 +228,41 @@ export class UPlotConfigBuilder extends ConfigBuilder<
 		this.bands = bands;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * The panel's own limits are in the source unit, which means nothing once values are
+	 * normalised. Soft rather than hard, so mixed-sign shares outside 0–100 stay visible.
+	 */
+	private resolveScale(scale: UPlotScaleBuilder): UPlotScaleBuilder {
+		if (this.stackMode !== StackMode.Percent || scale.props.scaleKey !== 'y') {
+			return scale;
+		}
+		return new UPlotScaleBuilder({
+			...scale.props,
+			min: undefined,
+			max: undefined,
+			softMin: 0,
+			softMax: PERCENT_AXIS_MAX,
+			// Thresholds still draw, but a 500ms one must not stretch the axis to 0–500.
+			thresholds: undefined,
+		});
+	}
+
+	/** Explicit bands win; otherwise a stack fills between consecutive series. */
+	private resolveBands(): uPlot.Band[] | undefined {
+		if (this.bands.length > 0) {
+			return this.bands;
+		}
+		if (this.stackMode === StackMode.None || this.series.length < 2) {
+			return undefined;
+		}
+		return (
+			this.series
+				.slice(0, -1)
+				// uPlot series are 1-based (index 0 is the timestamp axis).
+				.map((_, index) => ({ series: [index + 1, index + 2] as [number, number] }))
+		);
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Set cursor configuration
 	 */
@@ -444,9 +496,19 @@ export class UPlotConfigBuilder extends ConfigBuilder<
 				};
 			}),
 		];
-		config.axes = Object.values(this.axes).map((a) => a.getConfig());
+		config.axes = Object.entries(this.axes).map(([scaleKey, axis]) => {
+			if (scaleKey !== 'y' || this.stackMode !== StackMode.Percent) {
+				return axis.getConfig();
+			}
+			// Ticks read as percentages; the panel unit still applies to tooltips and
+			// thresholds, so build from a copy rather than touching the axis props.
+			return new UPlotAxisBuilder({
+				...axis.props,
+				yAxisUnit: PERCENT_AXIS_UNIT,
+			}).getConfig();
+		});
 		config.scales = this.scales.reduce(
-			(acc, s) => ({ ...acc, ...s.getConfig() }),
+			(acc, s) => ({ ...acc, ...this.resolveScale(s).getConfig() }),
 			{} as Record<string, uPlot.Scale>,
 		);
 
@@ -456,7 +518,7 @@ export class UPlotConfigBuilder extends ConfigBuilder<
 		config.cursor = this.getCursorConfig();
 		config.tzDate = this.tzDate;
 		config.plugins = this.plugins.length > 0 ? this.plugins : undefined;
-		config.bands = this.bands.length > 0 ? this.bands : undefined;
+		config.bands = this.resolveBands();
 
 		if (Array.isArray(this.padding)) {
 			config.padding = this.padding;

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/config/UPlotScaleBuilder.ts

@@ -56,17 +56,6 @@ export class UPlotScaleBuilder extends ConfigBuilder<
 				maxTime = fallbackMax;
 			}
 
-			// Align max time to "endTime - 1 minute", rounded down to minute precision
-			// This matches legacy getXAxisScale behavior and avoids empty space at the right edge
-			const oneMinuteAgoTimestamp = (maxTime - 60) * 1000;
-			const currentDate = new Date(oneMinuteAgoTimestamp);
-
-			currentDate.setSeconds(0);
-			currentDate.setMilliseconds(0);
-
-			const unixTimestampSeconds = Math.floor(currentDate.getTime() / 1000);
-			maxTime = unixTimestampSeconds;
-
 			return {
 				[scaleKey]: {
 					time: true,

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/config/__tests__/UPlotAxisBuilder.test.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import { getToolTipValue } from 'components/Graph/yAxisConfig';
-import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
 import { uPlotXAxisValuesFormat } from 'lib/uPlotLib/utils/constants';
 import type uPlot from 'uplot';
 
@@ -137,11 +136,11 @@ describe('UPlotAxisBuilder', () => {
 		});
 	});
 
-	it('uses time-based X-axis values formatter for time-series like panels', () => {
+	it('uses time-based X-axis values formatter when the caller declares a time axis', () => {
 		const builder = new UPlotAxisBuilder(
 			createAxisProps({
 				scaleKey: 'x',
-				panelType: PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES,
+				isTimeAxis: true,
 			}),
 		);
 
@@ -150,11 +149,11 @@ describe('UPlotAxisBuilder', () => {
 		expect(config.values).toBe(uPlotXAxisValuesFormat);
 	});
 
-	it('does not attach X-axis datetime formatter when panel type is not supported', () => {
+	it('does not attach X-axis datetime formatter for a non-time axis', () => {
 		const builder = new UPlotAxisBuilder(
 			createAxisProps({
 				scaleKey: 'x',
-				panelType: PANEL_TYPES.LIST, // not in PANEL_TYPES_WITH_X_AXIS_DATETIME_FORMAT
+				isTimeAxis: false,
 			}),
 		);
 
@@ -290,22 +289,9 @@ describe('UPlotAxisBuilder', () => {
 		expect(config.space).toBe(50);
 	});
 
-	it('includes PANEL_TYPES.BAR and PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES in X-axis datetime formatter', () => {
-		const barBuilder = new UPlotAxisBuilder(
-			createAxisProps({
-				scaleKey: 'x',
-				panelType: PANEL_TYPES.BAR,
-			}),
-		);
-		expect(barBuilder.getConfig().values).toBe(uPlotXAxisValuesFormat);
-
-		const timeSeriesBuilder = new UPlotAxisBuilder(
-			createAxisProps({
-				scaleKey: 'x',
-				panelType: PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES,
-			}),
-		);
-		expect(timeSeriesBuilder.getConfig().values).toBe(uPlotXAxisValuesFormat);
+	it('omits the X-axis datetime formatter when no time axis is declared', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotAxisBuilder(createAxisProps({ scaleKey: 'x' }));
+		expect(builder.getConfig().values).toBeUndefined();
 	});
 
 	it('should return the existing size when cycleNum > 1', () => {

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/config/__tests__/UPlotConfigBuilder.test.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import {
 	STEP_INTERVAL_MULTIPLIER,
 } from '../../constants';
 import type { SeriesProps } from '../types';
-import { DrawStyle, SelectionPreferencesSource } from '../types';
+import { DrawStyle, SelectionPreferencesSource, StackMode } from '../types';
 import { UPlotConfigBuilder } from '../UPlotConfigBuilder';
 
 // Mock only the real boundary that hits localStorage
@@ -496,3 +496,161 @@ describe('UPlotConfigBuilder', () => {
 		expect(config.bands).toBeUndefined();
 	});
 });
+
+describe('UPlotConfigBuilder stacking', () => {
+	beforeEach(() => {
+		jest.clearAllMocks();
+		getStoredSeriesVisibilityMock.getStoredSeriesVisibility.mockReturnValue([]);
+	});
+
+	/**
+	 * Soft limits end up captured in the scale's range closure, so the only way to read
+	 * them back is to run it and inspect the range config it hands uPlot.
+	 */
+	function scaleSoftLimits(
+		builder: UPlotConfigBuilder,
+		scaleKey: string,
+	): { min: number; max: number } {
+		const rangeNum = jest.fn().mockReturnValue([0, 0]);
+		(uPlot as unknown as { rangeNum: unknown }).rangeNum = rangeNum;
+
+		const range = builder.getConfig().scales?.[scaleKey]?.range as (
+			u: unknown,
+			min: number,
+			max: number,
+			key: string,
+		) => void;
+		range({ scales: { [scaleKey]: { distr: 1 } } }, 40, 60, scaleKey);
+
+		const [, , rangeConfig] = rangeNum.mock.calls[0] as [
+			number,
+			number,
+			{ min: { soft: number }; max: { soft: number } },
+		];
+		return { min: rangeConfig.min.soft, max: rangeConfig.max.soft };
+	}
+
+	/** Renders y-axis ticks the way uPlot would, so unit formatting is observable. */
+	function yAxisTicks(builder: UPlotConfigBuilder, ticks: number[]): string[] {
+		const yAxis = builder.getConfig().axes?.find((a) => a.scale === 'y');
+		const values = yAxis?.values as (
+			u: unknown,
+			splits: number[],
+		) => (string | null)[];
+		return values(null, ticks).map((v) => String(v));
+	}
+
+	function builderFor(stack?: StackMode, seriesCount = 3): UPlotConfigBuilder {
+		const builder = new UPlotConfigBuilder({ id: 'stack-test' });
+		if (stack) {
+			builder.setStackMode(stack);
+		}
+		builder.addAxis({ scaleKey: 'y', show: true, side: 3, yAxisUnit: 'ms' });
+		for (let i = 0; i < seriesCount; i++) {
+			builder.addSeries({
+				scaleKey: 'y',
+				label: `S${i}`,
+				drawStyle: DrawStyle.Bar,
+				colorMapping: {},
+				isDarkMode: false,
+			} as SeriesProps);
+		}
+		return builder;
+	}
+
+	it('defaults to no stacking, so no bands and the panel unit on the axis', () => {
+		const builder = builderFor();
+
+		expect(builder.getStackMode()).toBe('none');
+		expect(builder.getConfig().bands).toBeUndefined();
+		expect(yAxisTicks(builder, [1000])).toStrictEqual(['1 s']);
+	});
+
+	it('derives one band per adjacent series pair once a stack is declared', () => {
+		expect(builderFor(StackMode.Normal).getConfig().bands).toStrictEqual([
+			{ series: [1, 2] },
+			{ series: [2, 3] },
+		]);
+	});
+
+	it('emits no bands for a single series', () => {
+		expect(builderFor(StackMode.Normal, 1).getConfig().bands).toBeUndefined();
+	});
+
+	it('keeps the panel unit on the axis for a normal stack', () => {
+		expect(yAxisTicks(builderFor(StackMode.Normal), [1000])).toStrictEqual([
+			'1 s',
+		]);
+	});
+
+	it('formats the axis as percentages for a percent stack', () => {
+		expect(yAxisTicks(builderFor(StackMode.Percent), [0, 50, 100])).toStrictEqual(
+			['0%', '50%', '100%'],
+		);
+	});
+
+	it('leaves other axes on their own unit under a percent stack', () => {
+		const builder = builderFor(StackMode.Percent);
+		builder.addAxis({ scaleKey: 'x', show: true, side: 2 });
+
+		expect(builder.getConfig().axes?.map((a) => a.scale)).toStrictEqual([
+			'y',
+			'x',
+		]);
+	});
+
+	it('pins the y scale to the 0–100 band under a percent stack, dropping panel limits', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotConfigBuilder({ id: 'stack-scale' });
+		builder.setStackMode(StackMode.Percent);
+		builder.addScale({ scaleKey: 'y', softMin: 5, softMax: 500 });
+
+		// Soft, not hard: mixed-sign shares fall outside 0–100 and must stay visible.
+		expect(builder.getConfig().scales?.y).toMatchObject({ auto: true });
+		expect(scaleSoftLimits(builder, 'y')).toStrictEqual({ min: 0, max: 100 });
+	});
+
+	it('leaves the panel limits alone when the stack is not percent', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotConfigBuilder({ id: 'stack-scale' });
+		builder.setStackMode(StackMode.Normal);
+		builder.addScale({ scaleKey: 'y', softMin: 5, softMax: 500 });
+
+		expect(scaleSoftLimits(builder, 'y')).toStrictEqual({ min: 5, max: 500 });
+	});
+
+	it.each([StackMode.Normal, StackMode.Percent])(
+		'draws thresholds under a %s stack',
+		(stack) => {
+			const builder = new UPlotConfigBuilder({ id: 'stack-thr' });
+			builder.setStackMode(stack);
+			builder.addThresholds({
+				scaleKey: 'y',
+				thresholds: [{ thresholdValue: 500, thresholdColor: 'red' }],
+				yAxisUnit: 'ms',
+			});
+
+			expect(builder.getConfig().hooks?.draw).toHaveLength(1);
+		},
+	);
+
+	it('keeps a source-unit threshold from stretching the percent band', () => {
+		const builder = new UPlotConfigBuilder({ id: 'stack-thr' });
+		builder.setStackMode(StackMode.Percent);
+		const thresholds = {
+			scaleKey: 'y',
+			thresholds: [{ thresholdValue: 500, thresholdColor: 'red' }],
+			yAxisUnit: 'ms',
+		};
+		builder.addThresholds(thresholds);
+		builder.addScale({ scaleKey: 'y', thresholds });
+
+		// Without this the 500ms threshold would widen a percentage axis to 0–500.
+		expect(scaleSoftLimits(builder, 'y')).toStrictEqual({ min: 0, max: 100 });
+	});
+
+	it('lets explicit bands win over the derived ones', () => {
+		const builder = builderFor(StackMode.Normal);
+		builder.setBands([{ series: [1, 3] }]);
+
+		expect(builder.getConfig().bands).toStrictEqual([{ series: [1, 3] }]);
+	});
+});

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/config/__tests__/UPlotScaleBuilder.test.ts

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ describe('UPlotScaleBuilder', () => {
 		expect(adjustSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(null, null, undefined, undefined);
 	});
 
-	it('handles time scales using explicit min/max and rounds max down to the previous minute', () => {
+	it('handles time scales using explicit min/max', () => {
 		const min = 1_700_000_000; // seconds
 		const max = 1_700_000_600; // seconds
 
@@ -62,21 +62,25 @@ describe('UPlotScaleBuilder', () => {
 
 		expect(xScale.time).toBe(true);
 		expect(xScale.auto).toBe(false);
-		expect(Array.isArray(xScale.range)).toBe(true);
+		expect(xScale.range).toStrictEqual([min, max]);
+	});
 
-		const [resolvedMin, resolvedMax] = xScale.range as [number, number];
+	it('keeps short time windows intact', () => {
+		const min = 1_786_527_160;
+		const max = 1_786_527_183;
 
-		// min is passed through
-		expect(resolvedMin).toBe(min);
+		const builder = new UPlotScaleBuilder(
+			createScaleProps({
+				scaleKey: 'x',
+				time: true,
+				min,
+				max,
+			}),
+		);
 
-		// max is coerced to "endTime - 1 minute" and rounded down to minute precision
-		const oneMinuteAgoTimestamp = (max - 60) * 1000;
-		const currentDate = new Date(oneMinuteAgoTimestamp);
-		currentDate.setSeconds(0);
-		currentDate.setMilliseconds(0);
-		const expectedMax = Math.floor(currentDate.getTime() / 1000);
+		const config = builder.getConfig();
 
-		expect(resolvedMax).toBe(expectedMax);
+		expect(config.x.range).toStrictEqual([min, max]);
 	});
 
 	it('falls back to getFallbackMinMaxTimeStamp when time scale has no min/max', () => {
@@ -99,9 +103,7 @@ describe('UPlotScaleBuilder', () => {
 
 		expect(getFallbackMinMaxSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
 		expect(resolvedMin).toBe(100);
-		// max is aligned to "fallbackMax - 60 seconds" minute boundary
-		expect(resolvedMax).toBeLessThanOrEqual(200);
-		expect(resolvedMax).toBeGreaterThan(100);
+		expect(resolvedMax).toBe(200);
 	});
 
 	it('pipes limits through soft-limit adjustment and log-scale normalization before range config', () => {

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/config/types.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import { PrecisionOption } from 'components/Graph/types';
-import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
 import uPlot, { Series } from 'uplot';
 
 import { ThresholdsDrawHookOptions } from '../hooks/types';
@@ -33,6 +32,13 @@ export enum SelectionPreferencesSource {
 /**
  * Props for configuring the uPlot config builder
  */
+/** `Percent` rescales each x-slice to its column total, so every column fills to 100. */
+export enum StackMode {
+	None = 'none',
+	Normal = 'normal',
+	Percent = 'percent',
+}
+
 export interface ConfigBuilderProps {
 	id: string;
 	onDragSelect?: (startTime: number, endTime: number) => void;
@@ -46,31 +52,50 @@ export interface ConfigBuilderProps {
  * Props for configuring an axis
  */
 export interface AxisProps {
+	/** Scale this axis is drawn against — `'x'` / `'y'`, matching an `addScale` key. Also
+	 * selects the default tick formatter and sizing (x: time, y: value + unit). */
 	scaleKey: string;
+	/** Axis title drawn alongside the ticks; omitted when there's nothing to name. */
 	label?: string;
+	/** Render the axis at all; false keeps the scale but draws no ticks or labels. */
 	show?: boolean;
-	side?: 0 | 1 | 2 | 3; // top, right, bottom, left
+	/** Which edge of the plot the axis sits on: 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 — top, right, bottom, left. */
+	side?: 0 | 1 | 2 | 3;
+	/** Tick/label color. Defaults to black or white from `isDarkMode`. */
 	stroke?: string;
+	/** Partial override of the grid lines; unset keys fall back to the theme defaults. */
 	grid?: {
 		stroke?: string;
 		width?: number;
 		show?: boolean;
 	};
+	/** Partial override of the tick marks; provided as-is to uPlot when set. */
 	ticks?: {
 		stroke?: string;
 		width?: number;
 		show?: boolean;
 		size?: number;
 	};
+	/** Explicit tick formatter, replacing the scale's default (time / unit-formatted). */
 	values?: uPlot.Axis.Values;
+	/** Pixels between the ticks and their labels; also feeds the y axis width calculation. */
 	gap?: number;
+	/** Explicit axis thickness. Left unset, the y axis sizes itself to its widest label. */
 	size?: uPlot.Axis.Size;
-	formatValue?: (v: number) => string;
 	space?: number; // Space for log scale axes
+	/** Picks the dark or light default for stroke and grid color. */
 	isDarkMode?: boolean;
+	/** Axis is on a log scale — thins the grid lines to keep dense decades readable. */
 	isLogScale?: boolean;
+	/** Unit the y axis ticks are formatted in (`spec.formatting.unit`). */
 	yAxisUnit?: string;
-	panelType?: PANEL_TYPES;
+	/**
+	 * X axis carries timestamps, so its ticks format as dates/times. Declared by the caller
+	 * rather than inferred from a panel type — a chart whose x axis is buckets or categories
+	 * (histogram) leaves it off.
+	 */
+	isTimeAxis?: boolean;
+	/** Decimal places for y axis tick values; unset lets the unit formatter decide. */
 	decimalPrecision?: PrecisionOption;
 }
 

frontend/src/lib/uPlotV2/utils/__tests__/dataUtils.test.ts

@@ -281,3 +281,20 @@ describe('dataUtils', () => {
 		});
 	});
 });
+
+describe('insertLargeGapNullsIntoAlignedData index alignment', () => {
+	// ChartWrapper gap-processes the pre-stack series to keep tooltip indices aligned;
+	// that only holds because insertions are decided from the x axis, never from y.
+	it('inserts at the same positions regardless of the y values', () => {
+		const x = [0, 100, 200];
+		const options = [{ spanGaps: 50 }];
+		const raw = [x, [1, 2, 3]] as uPlot.AlignedData;
+		const stacked = [x, [10, 20, 30]] as uPlot.AlignedData;
+
+		const fromRaw = insertLargeGapNullsIntoAlignedData(raw, options);
+		const fromStacked = insertLargeGapNullsIntoAlignedData(stacked, options);
+
+		expect(fromRaw[0]).toStrictEqual(fromStacked[0]);
+		expect(fromRaw[1]).toHaveLength((fromStacked[1] as unknown[]).length);
+	});
+});

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelEditor/PanelEditorQueryBuilder/PanelEditorQueryBuilder.tsx

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import type { TelemetrytypesSignalDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.sche
 import PromQLIcon from 'assets/Dashboard/PromQl';
 import { QueryBuilderV2 } from 'components/QueryBuilderV2/QueryBuilderV2';
 import TextToolTip from 'components/TextToolTip';
-import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
 import ClickHouseQueryContainer from 'container/NewWidget/LeftContainer/QuerySection/QueryBuilder/ClickHouse';
 import PromQLQueryContainer from 'container/NewWidget/LeftContainer/QuerySection/QueryBuilder/promQL';
 import RunQueryBtn from 'container/QueryBuilder/components/RunQueryBtn/RunQueryBtn';
@@ -64,8 +63,12 @@ function PanelEditorQueryBuilder({
 	footer,
 	stickyHeader = true,
 }: PanelEditorQueryBuilderProps): JSX.Element {
-	// The shared QueryBuilderV2 / list-view checks still speak the legacy PANEL_TYPES.
+	// The shared QueryBuilderV2 provider still speaks the legacy PANEL_TYPES; what the
+	// builder offers for this kind comes from the kind's own declaration.
 	const panelType = PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE[panelKind];
+	// Raw rows: the builder drops its aggregation controls, and with them the trace
+	// operator that combines aggregated trace queries (V1 parity).
+	const isListViewPanel = panelKind === 'signoz/ListPanel';
 	const { currentQuery, redirectWithQueryBuilderData } = useQueryBuilder();
 	const isDarkMode = useIsDarkMode();
 
@@ -112,9 +115,9 @@ function PanelEditorQueryBuilder({
 						<QueryBuilderV2
 							panelType={panelType}
 							filterConfigs={filterConfigs}
-							showTraceOperator={panelType !== PANEL_TYPES.LIST}
+							showTraceOperator={!isListViewPanel}
 							version="v3"
-							isListViewPanel={panelType === PANEL_TYPES.LIST}
+							isListViewPanel={isListViewPanel}
 							queryComponents={{}}
 							signalSourceChangeEnabled
 							savePreviousQuery
@@ -148,7 +151,7 @@ function PanelEditorQueryBuilder({
 			),
 			children: queryTypeComponents[queryType].component,
 		}));
-	}, [panelKind, panelType, filterConfigs, isDarkMode]);
+	}, [panelKind, panelType, filterConfigs, isDarkMode, isListViewPanel]);
 
 	return (
 		<div

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelEditor/PanelEditorQueryBuilder/__tests__/PanelEditorQueryBuilder.test.tsx

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ function renderBuilder(
 function lastQueryBuilderProps(): {
 	panelType: string;
 	isListViewPanel: boolean;
+	showTraceOperator: boolean;
 	filterConfigs: unknown;
 } {
 	const calls = mockQueryBuilderV2.mock.calls;
@@ -115,6 +116,9 @@ describe('PanelEditorQueryBuilder field visibility (driven by the capabilities g
 		const props = lastQueryBuilderProps();
 		expect(props.panelType).toBe('graph');
 		expect(props.isListViewPanel).toBe(false);
+		// The trace operator combines aggregated trace queries, so it rides along with
+		// the aggregation controls.
+		expect(props.showTraceOperator).toBe(true);
 		expect(props.filterConfigs).toStrictEqual({});
 	});
 
@@ -124,6 +128,7 @@ describe('PanelEditorQueryBuilder field visibility (driven by the capabilities g
 		const props = lastQueryBuilderProps();
 		expect(props.panelType).toBe('list');
 		expect(props.isListViewPanel).toBe(true);
+		expect(props.showTraceOperator).toBe(false);
 		expect(props.filterConfigs).toStrictEqual({
 			stepInterval: { isHidden: true, isDisabled: true },
 			having: { isHidden: true, isDisabled: true },

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelEditor/PreviewPane/PlotTag.tsx

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 import { Spline } from '@signozhq/icons';
-import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
 import QueryTypeTag from 'container/NewWidget/LeftContainer/QueryTypeTag';
 import { EQueryType } from 'types/common/dashboard';
 
 interface PlotTagProps {
 	/** Authoring mode of the panel's query; undefined when no query exists yet. */
 	queryType: EQueryType | undefined;
-	panelType: PANEL_TYPES;
+	/**
+	 * Panel shows raw rows rather than a plot, so naming the mode the rows were
+	 * "plotted with" would be wrong.
+	 */
+	isListViewPanel: boolean;
 	className?: string;
 }
 
@@ -17,10 +20,10 @@ interface PlotTagProps {
  */
 function PlotTag({
 	queryType,
-	panelType,
+	isListViewPanel,
 	className,
 }: PlotTagProps): JSX.Element | null {
-	if (queryType === undefined || panelType === PANEL_TYPES.LIST) {
+	if (queryType === undefined || isListViewPanel) {
 		return null;
 	}
 

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelEditor/PreviewPane/PreviewPane.tsx

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import PanelBody from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelsAndSection
 import PanelHeader from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelsAndSectionsLayout/Panel/PanelHeader/PanelHeader';
 import type { AnyPanelInteractionProps } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/types/interactions';
 import type { RenderablePanelDefinition } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/types/panelDefinition';
-import { PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/types/panelKind';
 import type { DashboardPreference } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/types/rendererProps';
 import { getPanelQueryType } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/utils/getPanelQueryType';
 import type {
@@ -72,7 +71,6 @@ function PreviewPane({
 	onClick,
 	enableDrillDown,
 }: PreviewPaneProps): JSX.Element {
-	const panelType = PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE[panel.spec.plugin.kind];
 	const queryType = getPanelQueryType(panel);
 
 	// Search term is ephemeral preview state, threaded to header + renderer but
@@ -86,7 +84,7 @@ function PreviewPane({
 				<div className={styles.header}>
 					<PlotTag
 						queryType={queryType}
-						panelType={panelType}
+						isListViewPanel={panel.spec.plugin.kind === 'signoz/ListPanel'}
 						className={styles.queryType}
 					/>
 					<div className={styles.dateTimeSelector}>

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelEditor/PreviewPane/__tests__/PlotTag.test.tsx

@@ -1,30 +1,22 @@
 import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
-import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
 import { EQueryType } from 'types/common/dashboard';
 
 import PlotTag from '../PlotTag';
 
 describe('PlotTag', () => {
 	it('renders the resolved query mode', () => {
-		render(
-			<PlotTag queryType={EQueryType.PROM} panelType={PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES} />,
-		);
+		render(<PlotTag queryType={EQueryType.PROM} isListViewPanel={false} />);
 		expect(screen.getByTestId('panel-editor-plot-tag')).toBeInTheDocument();
 		expect(screen.getByText('PromQL')).toBeInTheDocument();
 	});
 
 	it('renders nothing when there is no query yet', () => {
-		render(<PlotTag queryType={undefined} panelType={PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES} />);
+		render(<PlotTag queryType={undefined} isListViewPanel={false} />);
 		expect(screen.queryByTestId('panel-editor-plot-tag')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
 	});
 
-	it('renders nothing for list panels (query mode is irrelevant)', () => {
-		render(
-			<PlotTag
-				queryType={EQueryType.QUERY_BUILDER}
-				panelType={PANEL_TYPES.LIST}
-			/>,
-		);
+	it('renders nothing for a list panel (query mode is irrelevant)', () => {
+		render(<PlotTag queryType={EQueryType.QUERY_BUILDER} isListViewPanel />);
 		expect(screen.queryByTestId('panel-editor-plot-tag')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
 	});
 });

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelEditor/hooks/usePanelEditSession.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,10 @@ import type {
 	TelemetrytypesSignalDTO,
 } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import type { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
-import { getPanelDefinition } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/registry';
+import {
+	getPanelDefinition,
+	isPanelKindSupported,
+} from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/registry';
 import type { RenderablePanelDefinition } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/types/panelDefinition';
 import {
 	PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE,
@@ -91,8 +94,9 @@ export function usePanelEditSession({
 	const query = usePanelQuery({
 		panel: draft,
 		panelId,
+		queryCapabilities: panelDefinition.queryCapabilities,
 		time,
-		enabled: !!panelDefinition,
+		enabled: isPanelKindSupported(panelKind),
 	});
 
 	const { runQuery, isQueryDirty, buildSaveSpec } = usePanelEditorQuerySync({

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelEditor/hooks/usePanelTypeSwitch.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import type {
 	DashboardtypesQueryDTO,
 	TelemetrytypesSignalDTO,
 } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
-import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
+import type { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
 import {
 	handleQueryChange,
 	type PartialPanelTypes,
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ export function usePanelTypeSwitch({
 			);
 			// Match a fresh list panel's default order so the builder's Order By isn't empty.
 			const nextQuery =
-				newPanelType === PANEL_TYPES.LIST
+				newKind === 'signoz/ListPanel'
 					? withDefaultListOrder(transformed)
 					: transformed;
 			const signal = getBuilderQueries(currentSpec.queries)[0]

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/__tests__/capabilities.test.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,14 @@
-import { TelemetrytypesSignalDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+import {
+	Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO,
+	TelemetrytypesSignalDTO,
+} from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import { OPERATORS } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
 import { EQueryType } from 'types/common/dashboard';
 
+import { UNSUPPORTED_PANEL } from '../kinds/UnsupportedPanel/definition';
+import { getPanelDefinition, isPanelKindSupported } from '../registry';
+import type { PanelQueryCapabilities } from '../types/panelCapabilities';
+import { NO_PANEL_ACTIONS } from '../types/panelDefinition';
 import {
 	getHiddenQueryBuilderFields,
 	getSupportedQueryTypes,
@@ -15,6 +22,7 @@ import type { PanelKind } from '../types/panelKind';
 
 const { QUERY_BUILDER, CLICKHOUSE, PROM } = EQueryType;
 const { logs, traces, metrics } = TelemetrytypesSignalDTO;
+const { time_series, scalar, raw } = Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO;
 
 const EXPECTED_QUERY_TYPES: Record<PanelKind, EQueryType[]> = {
 	'signoz/TimeSeriesPanel': [QUERY_BUILDER, CLICKHOUSE, PROM],
@@ -37,9 +45,117 @@ const EXPECTED_SIGNALS: Record<PanelKind, TelemetrytypesSignalDTO[]> = {
 	'signoz/ListPanel': [logs, traces],
 };
 
+// Exhaustive over PanelKind, so a new kind can't ship without stating how its request is
+// shaped — the check that used to be implicit in a legacy PANEL_TYPES switch.
+const EXPECTED_QUERY_CAPABILITIES: Record<PanelKind, PanelQueryCapabilities> = {
+	'signoz/TimeSeriesPanel': {
+		requestType: time_series,
+		formatTableResultForUI: false,
+		bucketedStepInterval: false,
+		orderTiebreaker: false,
+		serverPaginated: false,
+	},
+	// Bar bins client-side, so it asks for a widened step interval over a raw series.
+	'signoz/BarChartPanel': {
+		requestType: time_series,
+		formatTableResultForUI: false,
+		bucketedStepInterval: true,
+		orderTiebreaker: false,
+		serverPaginated: false,
+	},
+	'signoz/HistogramPanel': {
+		requestType: time_series,
+		formatTableResultForUI: false,
+		bucketedStepInterval: false,
+		orderTiebreaker: false,
+		serverPaginated: false,
+	},
+	'signoz/NumberPanel': {
+		requestType: scalar,
+		formatTableResultForUI: false,
+		bucketedStepInterval: false,
+		orderTiebreaker: false,
+		serverPaginated: false,
+	},
+	'signoz/PieChartPanel': {
+		requestType: scalar,
+		formatTableResultForUI: false,
+		bucketedStepInterval: false,
+		orderTiebreaker: false,
+		serverPaginated: false,
+	},
+	// Only Table asks the server to transpose its scalar result into UI rows.
+	'signoz/TablePanel': {
+		requestType: scalar,
+		formatTableResultForUI: true,
+		bucketedStepInterval: false,
+		orderTiebreaker: false,
+		serverPaginated: false,
+	},
+	// Only List reads raw rows, pages them server-side, and needs an order tiebreaker.
+	'signoz/ListPanel': {
+		requestType: raw,
+		formatTableResultForUI: false,
+		bucketedStepInterval: false,
+		orderTiebreaker: true,
+		serverPaginated: true,
+	},
+};
+
 const ALL_KINDS = Object.keys(EXPECTED_QUERY_TYPES) as PanelKind[];
 
 describe('panel capabilities guard', () => {
+	describe('query capabilities', () => {
+		it.each(ALL_KINDS)('declares how %s shapes its request', (kind) => {
+			expect(getPanelDefinition(kind).queryCapabilities).toStrictEqual(
+				EXPECTED_QUERY_CAPABILITIES[kind],
+			);
+		});
+	});
+
+	// A dashboard spec written by a newer SigNoz can name a kind this build has no
+	// definition for. The registry answers with UNSUPPORTED_PANEL rather than nothing, so
+	// every guard below reads it without first proving a definition exists.
+	describe('a kind this build cannot render', () => {
+		const unknownKind = 'signoz/SomeFutureKindPanel' as PanelKind;
+
+		it('is not reported as supported', () => {
+			expect(isPanelKindSupported(unknownKind)).toBe(false);
+			expect(isPanelKindSupported('signoz/TimeSeriesPanel')).toBe(true);
+		});
+
+		it('still resolves to a definition', () => {
+			expect(getPanelDefinition(unknownKind)).toBe(UNSUPPORTED_PANEL);
+		});
+
+		it('declares nothing, so it is never offered as authorable', () => {
+			expect(getSupportedSignals(unknownKind)).toStrictEqual([]);
+			expect(getSupportedQueryTypes(unknownKind)).toStrictEqual([]);
+			expect(isSignalSupported(unknownKind, logs)).toBe(false);
+			expect(
+				isPanelCombinationValid({ kind: unknownKind, queryType: QUERY_BUILDER }),
+			).toBe(false);
+			expect(getHiddenQueryBuilderFields(unknownKind, logs)).toStrictEqual({});
+			expect(getPanelDefinition(unknownKind).sections).toStrictEqual([]);
+		});
+
+		it('offers no actions', () => {
+			expect(getPanelDefinition(unknownKind).actions).toStrictEqual(
+				NO_PANEL_ACTIONS,
+			);
+			expect(NO_PANEL_ACTIONS.view).toBe(false);
+			expect(NO_PANEL_ACTIONS.edit).toBe(false);
+			expect(NO_PANEL_ACTIONS.drilldown).toBe(false);
+		});
+
+		it('carries an inert query shape, so a stray request can do no harm', () => {
+			const { queryCapabilities } = getPanelDefinition(unknownKind);
+			expect(queryCapabilities.requestType).toBe(time_series);
+			expect(queryCapabilities.serverPaginated).toBe(false);
+			expect(queryCapabilities.formatTableResultForUI).toBe(false);
+		});
+	});
+
 	describe('query type support', () => {
 		it.each(ALL_KINDS)('declares the expected query types for %s', (kind) => {
 			expect(getSupportedQueryTypes(kind)).toStrictEqual(

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/components/NoData/NoData.tsx

@@ -20,8 +20,12 @@ interface NoDataProps {
 	isFetching?: boolean;
 	/** When provided, renders a Retry button that re-runs the query. */
 	onRetry?: () => void;
-	/** Hides the global "Extend time range" action when this panel is locked to a fixed time preference. */
-	panel?: DashboardtypesPanelDTO;
+	/**
+	 * The panel this empty state stands in for. Every renderer has it, and it decides
+	 * whether the global "Extend time range" action applies (a panel locked to a fixed
+	 * time preference can't be widened by it) as well as what the action events report.
+	 */
+	panel: DashboardtypesPanelDTO;
 	'data-testid'?: string;
 }
 
@@ -43,19 +47,17 @@ function NoData({
 	const globalExtend = useExtendTimeWindow();
 	// The View modal's local extender wins; the global one only applies to a panel that
 	// follows the ambient window (a fixed preference can't be widened by it).
-	const hasFixedTimePreference = panel
-		? panelHasFixedTimePreference(panel)
-		: false;
 	const activeExtend =
-		viewExtend ?? (hasFixedTimePreference ? undefined : globalExtend);
+		viewExtend ?? (panelHasFixedTimePreference(panel) ? undefined : globalExtend);
 
 	if (isFetching) {
 		return <PanelLoader />;
 	}
 
-	const panelType = panel
-		? PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE[panel.spec.plugin.kind]
-		: undefined;
+	// `panelType` stays on the event so existing reports keep resolving; `panelKind` is the
+	// V2 identity, and the only one that can tell two kinds sharing a panel type apart.
+	const panelKind = panel.spec.plugin.kind;
+	const panelType = PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE[panelKind];
 
 	const extendAction: PanelMessageAction | undefined =
 		activeExtend?.canExtend && activeExtend.actionLabel
@@ -65,6 +67,7 @@ function NoData({
 						void logEvent(DashboardDetailEvents.NoDataAction, {
 							action: 'extendTime',
 							panelType,
+							panelKind,
 						});
 						activeExtend.extend();
 					},
@@ -79,6 +82,7 @@ function NoData({
 					void logEvent(DashboardDetailEvents.NoDataAction, {
 						action: 'retry',
 						panelType,
+						panelKind,
 					});
 					onRetry();
 				},

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/components/NoData/__tests__/NoData.test.tsx

@@ -33,7 +33,12 @@ function panelWith(
 	timePreference?: DashboardtypesTimePreferenceDTO,
 ): DashboardtypesPanelDTO {
 	return {
-		spec: { plugin: { spec: { visualization: { timePreference } } } },
+		spec: {
+			plugin: {
+				kind: 'signoz/TimeSeriesPanel',
+				spec: { visualization: { timePreference } },
+			},
+		},
 	} as unknown as DashboardtypesPanelDTO;
 }
 
@@ -44,7 +49,7 @@ describe('NoData', () => {
 	});
 
 	it('renders the empty-state title and hint', () => {
-		render(<NoData />);
+		render(<NoData panel={panelWith()} />);
 
 		expect(screen.getByTestId('panel-no-data')).toBeInTheDocument();
 		expect(screen.getByText('No data in this time range')).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -55,7 +60,7 @@ describe('NoData', () => {
 
 	it('offers to extend the window as the primary action', () => {
 		mockUseExtendTimeWindow.mockReturnValue(extender());
-		render(<NoData />);
+		render(<NoData panel={panelWith()} />);
 
 		const action = screen.getByTestId('panel-no-data-action');
 		expect(action).toHaveTextContent('Extend time range');
@@ -68,7 +73,7 @@ describe('NoData', () => {
 	it('renders both Extend (primary) and Retry (secondary) when a retry handler is given', () => {
 		const onRetry = jest.fn();
 		mockUseExtendTimeWindow.mockReturnValue(extender());
-		render(<NoData onRetry={onRetry} />);
+		render(<NoData onRetry={onRetry} panel={panelWith()} />);
 
 		expect(screen.getByTestId('panel-no-data-action')).toHaveTextContent(
 			'Extend time range',
@@ -82,7 +87,7 @@ describe('NoData', () => {
 
 	it('falls back to Retry as the sole action when the window cannot be widened', () => {
 		const onRetry = jest.fn();
-		render(<NoData onRetry={onRetry} />);
+		render(<NoData onRetry={onRetry} panel={panelWith()} />);
 
 		const action = screen.getByTestId('panel-no-data-action');
 		expect(action).toHaveTextContent('Retry');
@@ -101,7 +106,7 @@ describe('NoData', () => {
 		useViewPanelStore.setState({
 			viewPanelExtendWindow: extender({ extend: storeExtend }),
 		});
-		render(<NoData />);
+		render(<NoData panel={panelWith()} />);
 
 		fireEvent.click(screen.getByTestId('panel-no-data-action'));
 		expect(storeExtend).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
@@ -109,7 +114,7 @@ describe('NoData', () => {
 	});
 
 	it('renders no action when nothing can be widened and no retry handler', () => {
-		render(<NoData />);
+		render(<NoData panel={panelWith()} />);
 
 		expect(screen.queryByTestId('panel-no-data-action')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
 		expect(
@@ -119,7 +124,7 @@ describe('NoData', () => {
 
 	it('shows the panel loader (not the empty state) while refetching', () => {
 		mockUseExtendTimeWindow.mockReturnValue(extender());
-		render(<NoData isFetching />);
+		render(<NoData isFetching panel={panelWith()} />);
 
 		expect(screen.getByTestId('panel-loading')).toBeInTheDocument();
 		expect(screen.queryByTestId('panel-no-data')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -128,7 +133,7 @@ describe('NoData', () => {
 
 	it('honours the data-testid override for the number panel', () => {
 		mockUseExtendTimeWindow.mockReturnValue(extender());
-		render(<NoData data-testid="number-panel-no-data" />);
+		render(<NoData data-testid="number-panel-no-data" panel={panelWith()} />);
 
 		expect(screen.getByTestId('number-panel-no-data')).toBeInTheDocument();
 	});

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/kinds/BarChartPanel/Renderer.tsx

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import { PanelMode } from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/typ
 import { useIsDarkMode } from 'hooks/useDarkMode';
 import { useResizeObserver } from 'hooks/useDimensions';
 import { IRenderTooltipFooterArgs } from 'lib/uPlotV2/components/types';
+import { StackMode } from 'lib/uPlotV2/config/types';
 import {
 	flattenTimeSeries,
 	getExecStats,
@@ -219,7 +220,9 @@ function BarPanelRenderer({
 						height={containerDimensions.height}
 						syncMode={dashboardPreference?.syncMode}
 						syncFilterMode={dashboardPreference?.syncFilterMode}
-						isStackedBarChart={spec.visualization?.stackedBarChart ?? false}
+						stack={
+							spec.visualization?.stackedBarChart ? StackMode.Normal : StackMode.None
+						}
 						renderTooltipFooter={renderTooltipFooter}
 						onClick={enableDrillDown ? handleChartClick : undefined}
 					/>

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/kinds/BarChartPanel/definition.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 import type { PanelDefinition } from '../../types/panelDefinition';
 import Renderer from './Renderer';
 import { sections } from './sections';
-import { TelemetrytypesSignalDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+import {
+	Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO,
+	TelemetrytypesSignalDTO,
+} from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import { EQueryType } from 'types/common/dashboard';
 
 export const definition: PanelDefinition<'signoz/BarChartPanel'> = {
@@ -20,6 +23,15 @@ export const definition: PanelDefinition<'signoz/BarChartPanel'> = {
 		EQueryType.PROM,
 	],
 	queryBuilderFields: {},
+	// Bars are binned client-side from a raw time series, so the request asks for a
+	// step interval wide enough to keep the bar count readable (V1 parity).
+	queryCapabilities: {
+		requestType: Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO.time_series,
+		formatTableResultForUI: false,
+		bucketedStepInterval: true,
+		orderTiebreaker: false,
+		serverPaginated: false,
+	},
 	actions: {
 		view: true,
 		edit: true,

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/kinds/BarChartPanel/utils/buildConfig.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 import type { DashboardtypesBarChartPanelSpecDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import { Timezone } from 'components/CustomTimePicker/timezoneUtils';
-import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
-import { getInitialStackedBands } from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/charts/utils/stackSeriesUtils';
 import { PanelMode } from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/types';
 import { buildBaseConfig } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/utils/baseConfigBuilder';
 import { resolveSeriesLabelV5 } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/utils/resolveSeriesLabel';
@@ -48,7 +46,7 @@ export function buildBarChartConfig({
 }: BuildBarChartConfigArgs): UPlotConfigBuilder {
 	const builder = buildBaseConfig({
 		panelId,
-		panelType: PANEL_TYPES.BAR,
+		isTimeAxis: true,
 		isDarkMode,
 		timezone,
 		panelMode,
@@ -101,12 +99,6 @@ function addSeries({
 }: AddSeriesArgs): void {
 	const colorMapping = spec.legend?.customColors ?? {};
 
-	if (spec.visualization?.stackedBarChart) {
-		// uPlot uses 1-based series indices (index 0 is the timestamp axis);
-		// `+1` keeps the band targets aligned with the series we're about to add.
-		builder.setBands(getInitialStackedBands(series.length + 1));
-	}
-
 	series.forEach((s) => {
 		const baseLabel = getLabelName(s.labels, s.queryName, s.legend);
 		const label = resolveSeriesLabelV5(s, builderQueries, baseLabel);

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/kinds/HistogramPanel/definition.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 import type { PanelDefinition } from '../../types/panelDefinition';
 import Renderer from './Renderer';
 import { sections } from './sections';
-import { TelemetrytypesSignalDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+import {
+	Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO,
+	TelemetrytypesSignalDTO,
+} from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import { EQueryType } from 'types/common/dashboard';
 
 export const definition: PanelDefinition<'signoz/HistogramPanel'> = {
@@ -20,6 +23,15 @@ export const definition: PanelDefinition<'signoz/HistogramPanel'> = {
 		EQueryType.PROM,
 	],
 	queryBuilderFields: {},
+	// Buckets are computed client-side from the raw series, so the request is a plain
+	// time series — the bucket count is a display concern, not a query one.
+	queryCapabilities: {
+		requestType: Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO.time_series,
+		formatTableResultForUI: false,
+		bucketedStepInterval: false,
+		orderTiebreaker: false,
+		serverPaginated: false,
+	},
 	actions: {
 		view: true,
 		edit: true,

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/kinds/HistogramPanel/utils/buildConfig.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import type { DashboardtypesHistogramPanelSpecDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import { Timezone } from 'components/CustomTimePicker/timezoneUtils';
-import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
 import { PanelMode } from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/types';
 import { buildBaseConfig } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/utils/baseConfigBuilder';
 import { resolveSeriesLabelV5 } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/utils/resolveSeriesLabel';
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ export function buildHistogramConfig({
 }: BuildHistogramConfigArgs): UPlotConfigBuilder {
 	const builder = buildBaseConfig({
 		panelId,
-		panelType: PANEL_TYPES.HISTOGRAM,
+		isTimeAxis: false,
 		isDarkMode,
 		timezone,
 		panelMode,

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/kinds/ListPanel/definition.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 import type { PanelDefinition } from '../../types/panelDefinition';
 import Renderer from './Renderer';
 import { sections } from './sections';
-import { TelemetrytypesSignalDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+import {
+	Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO,
+	TelemetrytypesSignalDTO,
+} from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import { OPERATORS } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
 import { EQueryType } from 'types/common/dashboard';
 
@@ -30,6 +33,15 @@ export const definition: PanelDefinition<'signoz/ListPanel'> = {
 		},
 	},
 	sections,
+	// The only kind reading raw rows: they page server-side, and the sort needs a
+	// tiebreaker so a duplicated sort key can't repeat or skip a row across pages.
+	queryCapabilities: {
+		requestType: Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO.raw,
+		formatTableResultForUI: false,
+		bucketedStepInterval: false,
+		orderTiebreaker: true,
+		serverPaginated: true,
+	},
 	actions: {
 		view: true,
 		edit: true,

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/kinds/NumberPanel/definition.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 import type { PanelDefinition } from '../../types/panelDefinition';
 import Renderer from './Renderer';
 import { sections } from './sections';
-import { TelemetrytypesSignalDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+import {
+	Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO,
+	TelemetrytypesSignalDTO,
+} from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import { EQueryType } from 'types/common/dashboard';
 
 export const definition: PanelDefinition<'signoz/NumberPanel'> = {
@@ -20,6 +23,13 @@ export const definition: PanelDefinition<'signoz/NumberPanel'> = {
 		EQueryType.PROM,
 	],
 	queryBuilderFields: {},
+	queryCapabilities: {
+		requestType: Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO.scalar,
+		formatTableResultForUI: false,
+		bucketedStepInterval: false,
+		orderTiebreaker: false,
+		serverPaginated: false,
+	},
 	actions: {
 		view: true,
 		edit: true,

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/kinds/PieChartPanel/definition.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 import type { PanelDefinition } from '../../types/panelDefinition';
 import Renderer from './Renderer';
 import { sections } from './sections';
-import { TelemetrytypesSignalDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+import {
+	Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO,
+	TelemetrytypesSignalDTO,
+} from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import { EQueryType } from 'types/common/dashboard';
 
 export const definition: PanelDefinition<'signoz/PieChartPanel'> = {
@@ -16,6 +19,13 @@ export const definition: PanelDefinition<'signoz/PieChartPanel'> = {
 	],
 	supportedQueryTypes: [EQueryType.QUERY_BUILDER, EQueryType.CLICKHOUSE],
 	queryBuilderFields: {},
+	queryCapabilities: {
+		requestType: Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO.scalar,
+		formatTableResultForUI: false,
+		bucketedStepInterval: false,
+		orderTiebreaker: false,
+		serverPaginated: false,
+	},
 	actions: {
 		view: true,
 		edit: true,

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/kinds/TablePanel/definition.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 import type { PanelDefinition } from '../../types/panelDefinition';
 import Renderer from './Renderer';
 import { sections } from './sections';
-import { TelemetrytypesSignalDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+import {
+	Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO,
+	TelemetrytypesSignalDTO,
+} from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import { EQueryType } from 'types/common/dashboard';
 
 export const definition: PanelDefinition<'signoz/TablePanel'> = {
@@ -16,6 +19,14 @@ export const definition: PanelDefinition<'signoz/TablePanel'> = {
 	],
 	supportedQueryTypes: [EQueryType.QUERY_BUILDER, EQueryType.CLICKHOUSE],
 	queryBuilderFields: {},
+	// The only kind that asks the server to transpose its scalar result into UI rows.
+	queryCapabilities: {
+		requestType: Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO.scalar,
+		formatTableResultForUI: true,
+		bucketedStepInterval: false,
+		orderTiebreaker: false,
+		serverPaginated: false,
+	},
 	// Tables carry tabular data worth exporting (V1 parity: download is table-only).
 	actions: {
 		view: true,

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/kinds/TimeSeriesPanel/definition.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 import type { PanelDefinition } from '../../types/panelDefinition';
 import Renderer from './Renderer';
 import { sections } from './sections';
-import { TelemetrytypesSignalDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+import {
+	Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO,
+	TelemetrytypesSignalDTO,
+} from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import { EQueryType } from 'types/common/dashboard';
 
 export const definition: PanelDefinition<'signoz/TimeSeriesPanel'> = {
@@ -20,6 +23,13 @@ export const definition: PanelDefinition<'signoz/TimeSeriesPanel'> = {
 		EQueryType.PROM,
 	],
 	queryBuilderFields: {},
+	queryCapabilities: {
+		requestType: Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO.time_series,
+		formatTableResultForUI: false,
+		bucketedStepInterval: false,
+		orderTiebreaker: false,
+		serverPaginated: false,
+	},
 	actions: {
 		view: true,
 		edit: true,

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/kinds/TimeSeriesPanel/utils/buildConfig.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import type { DashboardtypesTimeSeriesPanelSpecDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import { Timezone } from 'components/CustomTimePicker/timezoneUtils';
-import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
 import { PanelMode } from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/types';
 import {
 	buildBaseConfig,
@@ -66,7 +65,7 @@ export function buildTimeSeriesConfig({
 }: BuildTimeSeriesConfigArgs): UPlotConfigBuilder {
 	const builder = buildBaseConfig({
 		panelId,
-		panelType: PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES,
+		isTimeAxis: true,
 		isDarkMode,
 		timezone,
 		panelMode,

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/kinds/UnsupportedPanel/Renderer.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import { CircleHelp } from '@signozhq/icons';
+
+import PanelMessage from '../../components/PanelMessage/PanelMessage';
+import PanelStyles from '../../panel.module.scss';
+
+/**
+ * Body for a panel whose kind this build has no renderer for — a spec written by a newer
+ * SigNoz names a visualization that didn't exist when this client shipped. Says so in
+ * place of the chart, so the panel keeps its slot in the layout instead of leaving a hole.
+ */
+function UnsupportedPanelRenderer(): JSX.Element {
+	return (
+		<div
+			data-testid="unsupported-panel-renderer"
+			className={PanelStyles.panelContainer}
+		>
+			<PanelMessage
+				icon={<CircleHelp size={18} />}
+				title="Unsupported panel type"
+				description="This panel was built with a newer version of SigNoz. Upgrade to view it."
+			/>
+		</div>
+	);
+}
+
+export default UnsupportedPanelRenderer;

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/kinds/UnsupportedPanel/definition.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import { Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+
+import {
+	NO_PANEL_ACTIONS,
+	type RenderablePanelDefinition,
+} from '../../types/panelDefinition';
+import Renderer from './Renderer';
+
+/**
+ * Stand-in definition for a kind that isn't in the registry, so `getPanelDefinition`
+ * always resolves and no caller has to branch on a missing one. It declares nothing: no
+ * signals, no query types, no config sections and no actions — an unknown kind can't be
+ * queried, configured or acted on, only shown as unsupported.
+ *
+ * `kind` carries a sentinel that no API enum value can collide with; the cast is the one
+ * place this definition steps outside `PanelKind`.
+ */
+export const UNSUPPORTED_PANEL: RenderablePanelDefinition = {
+	kind: '<unsupported>' as RenderablePanelDefinition['kind'],
+	displayName: 'Unsupported panel',
+	Renderer,
+	sections: [],
+	supportedSignals: [],
+	supportedQueryTypes: [],
+	queryBuilderFields: {},
+	queryCapabilities: {
+		requestType: Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO.time_series,
+		formatTableResultForUI: false,
+		bucketedStepInterval: false,
+		orderTiebreaker: false,
+		serverPaginated: false,
+	},
+	actions: NO_PANEL_ACTIONS,
+};

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/registry.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { definition as PieChart } from './kinds/PieChartPanel/definition';
 import { definition as TimeSeries } from './kinds/TimeSeriesPanel/definition';
 import { definition as Table } from './kinds/TablePanel/definition';
 import { definition as List } from './kinds/ListPanel/definition';
+import { UNSUPPORTED_PANEL } from './kinds/UnsupportedPanel/definition';
 import type {
 	PanelRegistry,
 	RenderablePanelDefinition,
@@ -22,8 +23,24 @@ export const PANELS: PanelRegistry = {
 	[List.kind]: List,
 };
 
+/**
+ * Whether this build can render the kind. `PanelKind` spans every kind the API declares,
+ * but a dashboard spec written by a newer SigNoz can name one this client has never heard
+ * of — so ask before doing work on a panel's behalf, such as fetching its data.
+ */
+export function isPanelKindSupported(kind: PanelKind): boolean {
+	return kind in PANELS;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The definition for a kind — always one. An unregistered kind resolves to
+ * {@link UNSUPPORTED_PANEL}, which declares no capabilities and renders as unsupported, so
+ * callers read a definition's fields without first proving it exists.
+ */
 export function getPanelDefinition(kind: PanelKind): RenderablePanelDefinition {
 	// Single intentional cast widening the per-kind Renderer to the kind-agnostic
 	// prop surface (a per-kind renderer can't be statically validated against the union).
-	return PANELS[kind] as RenderablePanelDefinition;
+	return (
+		(PANELS[kind] as RenderablePanelDefinition | undefined) ?? UNSUPPORTED_PANEL
+	);
 }

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/types/panelCapabilities.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-import type { TelemetrytypesSignalDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+import {
+	Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO,
+	type TelemetrytypesSignalDTO,
+} from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import type { QueryBuilderProps } from 'container/QueryBuilder/QueryBuilder.interfaces';
 
 /**
@@ -18,3 +21,30 @@ export type FilterConfigsPartial = NonNullable<
 export type QueryBuilderFieldRule = {
 	default?: FilterConfigsPartial;
 } & Partial<Record<TelemetrytypesSignalDTO, FilterConfigsPartial>>;
+
+/**
+ * How a kind's query-range request is shaped. Declared per-kind in
+ * `kinds/<Kind>/definition.ts` and read through the capabilities guard, so no V2 code
+ * has to translate a panel kind into the legacy `PANEL_TYPES` enum to answer these.
+ */
+export interface PanelQueryCapabilities {
+	/** V5 request type the panel's data comes back as. */
+	requestType: Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO;
+	/** Server transposes the scalar result into UI table rows (`formatOptions.formatTableResultForUI`). */
+	formatTableResultForUI: boolean;
+	/**
+	 * Widen the step interval to cap how many buckets come back — kinds that bin
+	 * client-side from a raw time series rather than plotting every point.
+	 */
+	bucketedStepInterval: boolean;
+	/**
+	 * Append a deterministic tiebreaker to the query's `order` so offset paging over raw
+	 * rows can't repeat or skip a row when the sort key has duplicates.
+	 */
+	orderTiebreaker: boolean;
+	/**
+	 * Rows page server-side via `offset`/`limit`. AND-ed at the call site with "the query
+	 * carries no explicit limit" — an explicit limit means the user asked for a fixed set.
+	 */
+	serverPaginated: boolean;
+}

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/types/panelDefinition.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,10 @@ import type { EQueryType } from 'types/common/dashboard';
 import type { SectionConfig } from './sections';
 import type { AnyPanelInteractionProps } from './interactions';
 import type { PanelKind } from './panelKind';
-import type { QueryBuilderFieldRule } from './panelCapabilities';
+import type {
+	PanelQueryCapabilities,
+	QueryBuilderFieldRule,
+} from './panelCapabilities';
 import type { BaseRendererProps, PanelRendererProps } from './rendererProps';
 
 /** Export formats offered under the single "Download" action. */
@@ -39,6 +42,24 @@ export interface PanelActionCapabilities {
 	drilldown: boolean;
 }
 
+/**
+ * No actions at all — for a kind this build can't render, where every action would act on
+ * a panel body that isn't there. See `UNSUPPORTED_PANEL`.
+ */
+export const NO_PANEL_ACTIONS: PanelActionCapabilities = {
+	view: false,
+	edit: false,
+	clone: false,
+	download: {
+		[DownloadFormat.CSV]: false,
+		[DownloadFormat.PNG]: false,
+		[DownloadFormat.SVG]: false,
+	},
+	createAlert: false,
+	search: false,
+	drilldown: false,
+};
+
 export interface PanelDefinition<K extends PanelKind = PanelKind> {
 	kind: K;
 	displayName: string;
@@ -50,6 +71,8 @@ export interface PanelDefinition<K extends PanelKind = PanelKind> {
 	supportedQueryTypes: EQueryType[];
 	/** Query-builder fields this kind hides/disables, optionally per signal (`{}` hides none). */
 	queryBuilderFields: QueryBuilderFieldRule;
+	/** How this kind's query-range request is shaped (request type, paging, result formatting). */
+	queryCapabilities: PanelQueryCapabilities;
 	actions: PanelActionCapabilities;
 }
 

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/utils/__tests__/buildDefaultQueries.test.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { buildDefaultQueries } from '../buildDefaultQueries';
 
 describe('buildDefaultQueries', () => {
-	it('seeds a List panel with a runnable logs query ordered by timestamp desc', () => {
+	it('seeds a list panel with a runnable logs query ordered by timestamp desc', () => {
 		const queries = buildDefaultQueries('signoz/ListPanel');
 
 		expect(queries).toHaveLength(1);
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ describe('buildDefaultQueries', () => {
 		expect(serialized.toLowerCase()).toContain('logs');
 	});
 
-	it('seeds a List panel without a limit so it pages server-side by default', () => {
+	it('seeds a list panel without a limit so it pages server-side by default', () => {
 		const queries = buildDefaultQueries('signoz/ListPanel');
 
 		// A limit would make usePanelQuery treat the panel as a static, unpaged list.
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ describe('buildDefaultQueries', () => {
 		expect(spec.limit).toBeUndefined();
 	});
 
-	it('seeds no query for non-List kinds (they seed from the builder)', () => {
+	it('seeds no query for plotted kinds (they seed from the builder)', () => {
 		expect(buildDefaultQueries('signoz/TimeSeriesPanel')).toStrictEqual([]);
 		expect(buildDefaultQueries('signoz/NumberPanel')).toStrictEqual([]);
 	});

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/utils/baseConfigBuilder.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import type {
 	DashboardtypesThresholdWithLabelDTO,
 } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import { Timezone } from 'components/CustomTimePicker/timezoneUtils';
-import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
 import { PanelMode } from 'container/DashboardContainer/visualization/panels/types';
 import onClickPlugin, {
 	OnClickPluginOpts,
@@ -26,7 +25,11 @@ import {
  */
 export interface BuildBaseConfigArgs {
 	panelId: string;
-	panelType: PANEL_TYPES;
+	/**
+	 * X axis plots timestamps, so its ticks format as dates/times. Each kind states this
+	 * for itself — a bucketed x axis (histogram) passes false.
+	 */
+	isTimeAxis: boolean;
 	isDarkMode: boolean;
 	timezone: Timezone;
 	panelMode: PanelMode;
@@ -63,7 +66,7 @@ export interface BuildBaseConfigArgs {
  */
 export function buildBaseConfig({
 	panelId,
-	panelType,
+	isTimeAxis,
 	isDarkMode,
 	timezone,
 	panelMode,
@@ -133,7 +136,7 @@ export function buildBaseConfig({
 		side: 2,
 		isDarkMode,
 		isLogScale,
-		panelType,
+		isTimeAxis,
 	});
 
 	builder.addAxis({
@@ -143,7 +146,6 @@ export function buildBaseConfig({
 		isDarkMode,
 		isLogScale,
 		yAxisUnit,
-		panelType,
 	});
 
 	return builder;

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/utils/buildDefaultQueries.ts

@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
 import type { DashboardtypesQueryDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
-import { listViewInitialLogQuery, PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
+import { listViewInitialLogQuery } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
 
 import { toPerses } from '../../queryV5/persesQueryAdapters';
 import { PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE, type PanelKind } from '../types/panelKind';
 
-/** Seed query for a new panel. Only List needs one (logs, timestamp desc) so its
+/** Seed query for a new panel. Only a list panel needs one (logs, timestamp desc) so its
  * preview runs on open; other kinds start empty and seed from the builder. */
 export function buildDefaultQueries(kind: PanelKind): DashboardtypesQueryDTO[] {
-	if (PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE[kind] === PANEL_TYPES.LIST) {
-		return toPerses(listViewInitialLogQuery, PANEL_TYPES.LIST);
+	if (kind !== 'signoz/ListPanel') {
+		return [];
 	}
-	return [];
+	// `toPerses` pivots through the V1 `Query`, which is still keyed by panel type.
+	return toPerses(listViewInitialLogQuery, PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE[kind]);
 }

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelsAndSectionsLayout/Panel/Panel.tsx

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 import { useState } from 'react';
 import type { DashboardtypesPanelDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import ContextMenu from 'periscope/components/ContextMenu';
-import { getPanelDefinition } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/registry';
+import {
+	getPanelDefinition,
+	isPanelKindSupported,
+} from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/registry';
 import {
 	getPanelTimePreference,
 	panelTimePreferenceLabel,
@@ -50,15 +53,22 @@ function Panel({
 
 	// Header search: only kinds that declare it render the box. The term is owned
 	// here and threaded to both the header (input) and renderer (filter).
-	const searchable = !!panelDefinition?.actions.search;
+	const searchable = panelDefinition.actions.search;
 	const [searchTerm, setSearchTerm] = useState('');
 
+	// Only an explicit false defers the fetch: `isVisible` is undefined wherever no
+	// observer reports visibility (the View modal, the editor preview), and those panels
+	// are on screen by construction.
+	const isOffScreen = isVisible === false;
+
 	const { data, isFetching, isPreviousData, error, refetch, pagination } =
 		usePanelQuery({
 			panel,
 			panelId,
-			// Lazy: fetch only once on screen (undefined → visible) and a renderer exists.
-			enabled: !!panelDefinition && isVisible !== false,
+			queryCapabilities: panelDefinition.queryCapabilities,
+			// Lazy: fetch once on screen, and never for a kind this build can't render —
+			// the data would have nothing to render into.
+			enabled: isPanelKindSupported(panelKind) && !isOffScreen,
 		});
 
 	const { onDragSelect, dashboardPreference } = usePanelInteractions();
@@ -85,25 +95,23 @@ function Panel({
 				searchTerm={searchTerm}
 				onSearchChange={setSearchTerm}
 			/>
-			{panelDefinition && (
-				<PanelBody
-					panelDefinition={panelDefinition}
-					panel={panel}
-					panelId={panelId}
-					data={data}
-					isFetching={isFetching}
-					isVisible={isVisible}
-					isPreviousData={isPreviousData}
-					error={error}
-					refetch={refetch}
-					onDragSelect={onDragSelect}
-					dashboardPreference={dashboardPreference}
-					searchTerm={searchable ? searchTerm : undefined}
-					pagination={pagination}
-					onClick={drilldown.onPanelClick}
-					enableDrillDown={drilldown.enableDrillDown}
-				/>
-			)}
+			<PanelBody
+				panelDefinition={panelDefinition}
+				panel={panel}
+				panelId={panelId}
+				data={data}
+				isFetching={isFetching}
+				isVisible={isVisible}
+				isPreviousData={isPreviousData}
+				error={error}
+				refetch={refetch}
+				onDragSelect={onDragSelect}
+				dashboardPreference={dashboardPreference}
+				searchTerm={searchable ? searchTerm : undefined}
+				pagination={pagination}
+				onClick={drilldown.onPanelClick}
+				enableDrillDown={drilldown.enableDrillDown}
+			/>
 			<ContextMenu {...drilldown.contextMenuProps} />
 		</div>
 	);

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelsAndSectionsLayout/Panel/ViewPanelModal/ViewPanelQueryBuilder.tsx

@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-import { type KeyboardEvent, useCallback } from 'react';
-import { QueryBuilderV2 } from 'components/QueryBuilderV2/QueryBuilderV2';
-import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
-import RightToolbarActions from 'container/QueryBuilder/components/ToolbarActions/RightToolbarActions';
-
-import styles from './ViewPanelModal.module.scss';
-
-interface ViewPanelQueryBuilderProps {
-	panelType: PANEL_TYPES;
-	/** Preview fetch in flight — drives the Run/Cancel button state. */
-	isLoadingQueries: boolean;
-	/** Run the current query (Run Query button / ⌘↵). */
-	onStageRunQuery: () => void;
-	/** Abort the in-flight preview fetch. */
-	onCancelQuery: () => void;
-}
-
-/**
- * Drilldown query editor for the View modal. Mirrors V1's FullView: the query builder
- * rows + a "Run Query" button, with NO query-type tabs (ClickHouse/PromQL) — drilldown
- * is query-builder only, exactly as V1.
- */
-function ViewPanelQueryBuilder({
-	panelType,
-	isLoadingQueries,
-	onStageRunQuery,
-	onCancelQuery,
-}: ViewPanelQueryBuilderProps): JSX.Element {
-	const handleKeyDownCapture = useCallback(
-		(event: KeyboardEvent<HTMLDivElement>): void => {
-			if ((event.metaKey || event.ctrlKey) && event.key === 'Enter') {
-				event.preventDefault();
-				event.stopPropagation();
-				onStageRunQuery();
-			}
-		},
-		[onStageRunQuery],
-	);
-
-	return (
-		<div
-			className={styles.queryBuilder}
-			data-testid="view-panel-query-builder"
-			onKeyDownCapture={handleKeyDownCapture}
-			role="presentation"
-		>
-			<QueryBuilderV2
-				panelType={panelType}
-				version="v3"
-				isListViewPanel={panelType === PANEL_TYPES.LIST}
-				signalSourceChangeEnabled
-			/>
-			<div className={styles.queryBuilderToolbar}>
-				<RightToolbarActions
-					handleCancelQuery={onCancelQuery}
-					onStageRunQuery={onStageRunQuery}
-					isLoadingQueries={isLoadingQueries}
-				/>
-			</div>
-		</div>
-	);
-}
-
-export default ViewPanelQueryBuilder;

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelsAndSectionsLayout/Panel/hooks/__tests__/useCreateAlertFromPanel.test.ts

@@ -148,7 +148,9 @@ describe('useCreateAlertFromPanel', () => {
 			expect(mockBuildQueryRangeRequest).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
 				expect.objectContaining({
 					queries: panel.spec.queries,
-					panelType: PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES,
+					queryCapabilities: expect.objectContaining({
+						requestType: 'time_series',
+					}),
 					variables: { service: { type: 'query', value: 'checkout' } },
 				}),
 			);

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelsAndSectionsLayout/Panel/hooks/useClonePanel.ts

@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ export function useClonePanel({
 				void logEvent(DashboardDetailEvents.PanelAction, {
 					action: 'clone',
 					panelType: PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE[source.panel.spec.plugin.kind],
+					panelKind: source.panel.spec.plugin.kind,
 					panelId,
 					dashboardId,
 				});

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelsAndSectionsLayout/Panel/hooks/useCreateAlertFromPanel.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import { useReplaceVariables } from 'api/generated/services/querier';
 import type { DashboardtypesPanelDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import { SOMETHING_WENT_WRONG } from 'constants/api';
 import { useSafeNavigate } from 'hooks/useSafeNavigate';
+import { getPanelDefinition } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/registry';
 import { PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/types/panelKind';
 import { getPanelQueryType } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/utils/getPanelQueryType';
 import { buildQueryRangeRequest } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/queryV5/buildQueryRangeRequest';
@@ -44,11 +45,15 @@ export function useCreateAlertFromPanel(): (
 
 	return useCallback(
 		(panel: DashboardtypesPanelDTO, panelId: string): void => {
-			const panelType = PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE[panel.spec.plugin.kind];
+			const panelKind = panel.spec.plugin.kind;
+			// Alerts are a V1 surface: the query pivots through the V1 `Query` shape and the
+			// URL carries a legacy panel type, so this flow keeps translating.
+			const panelType = PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE[panelKind];
 
 			void logEvent('Dashboard Detail: Panel action', {
 				action: 'createAlerts',
 				panelType,
+				panelKind,
 				dashboardId,
 				widgetId: panelId,
 				queryType: getPanelQueryType(panel),
@@ -62,7 +67,7 @@ export function useCreateAlertFromPanel(): (
 			// Redux global time is nanoseconds; the request DTO takes epoch ms.
 			const request = buildQueryRangeRequest({
 				queries: panel.spec.queries,
-				panelType,
+				queryCapabilities: getPanelDefinition(panelKind).queryCapabilities,
 				startMs: Math.floor(minTime / NANO_SECOND_MULTIPLIER),
 				endMs: Math.floor(maxTime / NANO_SECOND_MULTIPLIER),
 				variables,

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelsAndSectionsLayout/Panel/hooks/useDeletePanel.ts

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ export function useDeletePanel({
 			}
 
 			const removed = section.items.find((i) => i.id === panelId);
+			const removedKind = removed?.panel?.spec.plugin.kind;
 			const nextItems = section.items.filter((i) => i.id !== panelId);
 			try {
 				await patchAsync([
@@ -50,9 +51,15 @@ export function useDeletePanel({
 				]);
 				void logEvent(DashboardDetailEvents.PanelAction, {
 					action: 'delete',
-					panelType: removed?.panel
-						? PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE[removed.panel.spec.plugin.kind]
-						: undefined,
+					// An item ref can outlive its panel, so both fields go on together or
+					// not at all: `panelType` keeps existing reports resolving, `panelKind`
+					// is the V2 identity.
+					...(removedKind
+						? {
+								panelType: PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE[removedKind],
+								panelKind: removedKind,
+							}
+						: {}),
 					panelId,
 					dashboardId,
 				});

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelsAndSectionsLayout/Panel/hooks/useDownloadPanelCsv.ts

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ export function useDownloadPanelCsv({
 		void logEvent(DashboardDetailEvents.PanelExported, {
 			format: 'csv',
 			panelType: PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE[panel.spec.plugin.kind],
+			panelKind: panel.spec.plugin.kind,
 		});
 	}, [canDownloadCsv, fileName, panel, data]);
 }

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelsAndSectionsLayout/Panel/hooks/useDrilldown.tsx

@@ -128,11 +128,14 @@ export function useDrilldown(
 
 	const onPanelClick = useCallback(
 		(payload: DrilldownClickPayload): void => {
-			void logEvent(DashboardDetailEvents.DrilldownOpened, { panelType });
+			void logEvent(DashboardDetailEvents.DrilldownOpened, {
+				panelType,
+				panelKind: kind,
+			});
 			setSubMenu(DrilldownSubMenu.Base);
 			onClick(payload.coordinates, payload.context);
 		},
-		[onClick, panelType],
+		[onClick, panelType, kind],
 	);
 
 	const handleClose = useCallback((): void => {
@@ -176,7 +179,8 @@ export function useDrilldown(
 
 	const { resolvedQuery, isResolving } = useResolvedDrilldownQuery({
 		queries,
-		panelType,
+		panelKind: kind,
+		queryCapabilities: getPanelDefinition(kind).queryCapabilities,
 		v1Query,
 		enabled: showAggregateMenu,
 	});

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelsAndSectionsLayout/Panel/hooks/useMovePanelToSection.ts

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ export function useMovePanelToSection({
 			if (!moved) {
 				return;
 			}
+			const movedKind = moved.panel?.spec.plugin.kind;
 
 			const sourceItems = source.items.filter((i) => i.id !== panelId);
 			// Land at the section bottom, not backfilled into a gap — least disruptive
@@ -71,9 +72,15 @@ export function useMovePanelToSection({
 				);
 				void logEvent(DashboardDetailEvents.PanelAction, {
 					action: 'move',
-					panelType: moved.panel
-						? PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE[moved.panel.spec.plugin.kind]
-						: undefined,
+					// An item ref can outlive its panel, so both fields go on together or
+					// not at all: `panelType` keeps existing reports resolving, `panelKind`
+					// is the V2 identity.
+					...(movedKind
+						? {
+								panelType: PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE[movedKind],
+								panelKind: movedKind,
+							}
+						: {}),
 					panelId,
 					dashboardId,
 				});

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/PanelsAndSectionsLayout/Panel/hooks/useResolvedDrilldownQuery.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,11 @@ import { useEffect, useMemo } from 'react';
 import { useSelector } from 'react-redux';
 import { useReplaceVariables } from 'api/generated/services/querier';
 import type { DashboardtypesQueryDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
-import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
+import type { PanelQueryCapabilities } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/types/panelCapabilities';
+import {
+	PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE,
+	type PanelKind,
+} from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/types/panelKind';
 import { buildQueryRangeRequest } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/queryV5/buildQueryRangeRequest';
 import { envelopesToQuery } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/queryV5/persesQueryAdapters';
 import { selectResolvedVariables } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/store/slices/variableSelectionSlice';
@@ -15,7 +19,9 @@ import { GlobalReducer } from 'types/reducer/globalTime';
 interface UseResolvedDrilldownQueryArgs {
 	/** Panel's perses queries — the substitution source (carries the `$var` refs). */
 	queries: DashboardtypesQueryDTO[];
-	panelType: PANEL_TYPES;
+	panelKind: PanelKind;
+	/** The panel kind's declared query capabilities — shapes the substitution request. */
+	queryCapabilities: PanelQueryCapabilities;
 	/** The raw V5→V1 query; the fallback until substitution resolves / when no vars exist. */
 	v1Query: Query;
 	/** Resolve only while the aggregate menu is open (V1 parity: fires when it appears). */
@@ -38,7 +44,8 @@ interface UseResolvedDrilldownQueryResult {
  */
 export function useResolvedDrilldownQuery({
 	queries,
-	panelType,
+	panelKind,
+	queryCapabilities,
 	v1Query,
 	enabled,
 }: UseResolvedDrilldownQueryArgs): UseResolvedDrilldownQueryResult {
@@ -60,7 +67,7 @@ export function useResolvedDrilldownQuery({
 		substituteVars({
 			data: buildQueryRangeRequest({
 				queries,
-				panelType,
+				queryCapabilities,
 				startMs: Math.floor(minTime / 1e6),
 				endMs: Math.floor(maxTime / 1e6),
 				variables,
@@ -70,7 +77,7 @@ export function useResolvedDrilldownQuery({
 		enabled,
 		hasVariables,
 		queries,
-		panelType,
+		queryCapabilities,
 		minTime,
 		maxTime,
 		variables,
@@ -81,8 +88,13 @@ export function useResolvedDrilldownQuery({
 		if (!hasVariables || !data) {
 			return v1Query;
 		}
-		return envelopesToQuery(data.data.compositeQuery?.queries ?? [], panelType);
-	}, [hasVariables, data, v1Query, panelType]);
+		// View-in-X navigates to a V1 explorer, so the resolved query crosses back into the
+		// V1 `Query` shape — the one place this hook still needs a legacy panel type.
+		return envelopesToQuery(
+			data.data.compositeQuery?.queries ?? [],
+			PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE[panelKind],
+		);
+	}, [hasVariables, data, v1Query, panelKind]);
 
 	return { resolvedQuery, isResolving: enabled && hasVariables && isLoading };
 }

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/hooks/__tests__/usePanelQuery.test.tsx

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-imports
 import { useSelector } from 'react-redux';
 import { act, renderHook } from '@testing-library/react';
-import type { DashboardtypesPanelDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+import {
+	type DashboardtypesPanelDTO,
+	Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO,
+} from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+import type { PanelQueryCapabilities } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/types/panelCapabilities';
 import {
 	DASHBOARD_CACHE_TIME,
 	DASHBOARD_CACHE_TIME_ON_REFRESH_ENABLED,
@@ -54,6 +58,23 @@ function panelWith(
 	} as unknown as DashboardtypesPanelDTO;
 }
 
+// The capability blocks TimeSeries and List declare. Passed in rather than resolved from
+// the registry: the hook takes them as input, and importing the registry here would pull
+// every panel renderer (and the app's API client) into this suite.
+const TIME_SERIES_CAPABILITIES: PanelQueryCapabilities = {
+	requestType: Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO.time_series,
+	formatTableResultForUI: false,
+	bucketedStepInterval: false,
+	orderTiebreaker: false,
+	serverPaginated: false,
+};
+const LIST_PANEL_CAPABILITIES: PanelQueryCapabilities = {
+	...TIME_SERIES_CAPABILITIES,
+	requestType: Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO.raw,
+	orderTiebreaker: true,
+	serverPaginated: true,
+};
+
 function builderPanel(): DashboardtypesPanelDTO {
 	return panelWith('signoz/TimeSeriesPanel', {
 		name: 'A',
@@ -100,7 +121,13 @@ beforeEach(() => {
 
 describe('usePanelQuery', () => {
 	it('builds the generated V5 request DTO directly from panel.spec.queries', () => {
-		renderHook(() => usePanelQuery({ panel: builderPanel(), panelId: 'p1' }));
+		renderHook(() =>
+			usePanelQuery({
+				panel: builderPanel(),
+				panelId: 'p1',
+				queryCapabilities: TIME_SERIES_CAPABILITIES,
+			}),
+		);
 		const [{ requestPayload }] = mockUseGetQueryRangeV5.mock.calls[0];
 		expect(requestPayload.schemaVersion).toBe('v1');
 		expect(requestPayload.compositeQuery.queries).toStrictEqual([
@@ -112,30 +139,30 @@ describe('usePanelQuery', () => {
 	});
 
 	it('converts redux nanosecond time to epoch ms on the request', () => {
-		renderHook(() => usePanelQuery({ panel: builderPanel(), panelId: 'p1' }));
+		renderHook(() =>
+			usePanelQuery({
+				panel: builderPanel(),
+				panelId: 'p1',
+				queryCapabilities: TIME_SERIES_CAPABILITIES,
+			}),
+		);
 		const [{ requestPayload }] = mockUseGetQueryRangeV5.mock.calls[0];
 		expect(requestPayload.start).toBe(1_000_000_000);
 		expect(requestPayload.end).toBe(2_000_000_000);
 	});
 
-	it.each([
-		['signoz/TimeSeriesPanel', 'time_series'],
-		['signoz/ListPanel', 'raw'],
-		// HISTOGRAM and BAR panels bin/derive from raw time-series data
-		// client-side, so the backend must receive `time_series` (V1 parity).
-		['signoz/HistogramPanel', 'time_series'],
-		['signoz/BarChartPanel', 'time_series'],
-		['signoz/NumberPanel', 'scalar'],
-		['signoz/PieChartPanel', 'scalar'],
-	])('%s panel sends requestType=%s', (panelKind, requestType) => {
+	// Which requestType each kind declares is asserted in
+	// Panels/__tests__/capabilities.test.ts; here it only has to reach the request.
+	it('sends the requestType from the declared query capabilities', () => {
 		renderHook(() =>
 			usePanelQuery({
-				panel: panelWith(panelKind, { name: 'A', signal: 'logs' }),
+				panel: panelWith('signoz/ListPanel', { name: 'A', signal: 'logs' }),
 				panelId: 'p1',
+				queryCapabilities: LIST_PANEL_CAPABILITIES,
 			}),
 		);
 		const [{ requestPayload }] = mockUseGetQueryRangeV5.mock.calls[0];
-		expect(requestPayload.requestType).toBe(requestType);
+		expect(requestPayload.requestType).toBe('raw');
 	});
 
 	it('exposes the raw V5 response, request payload, and legend map on data', () => {
@@ -148,7 +175,11 @@ describe('usePanelQuery', () => {
 		});
 
 		const { result } = renderHook(() =>
-			usePanelQuery({ panel: builderPanel(), panelId: 'p1' }),
+			usePanelQuery({
+				panel: builderPanel(),
+				panelId: 'p1',
+				queryCapabilities: TIME_SERIES_CAPABILITIES,
+			}),
 		);
 
 		expect(result.current.data.response).toBe(v5Response);
@@ -158,7 +189,11 @@ describe('usePanelQuery', () => {
 
 	it('exposes an undefined response before data arrives', () => {
 		const { result } = renderHook(() =>
-			usePanelQuery({ panel: builderPanel(), panelId: 'p1' }),
+			usePanelQuery({
+				panel: builderPanel(),
+				panelId: 'p1',
+				queryCapabilities: TIME_SERIES_CAPABILITIES,
+			}),
 		);
 		expect(result.current.data.response).toBeUndefined();
 	});
@@ -171,7 +206,11 @@ describe('usePanelQuery', () => {
 			error: new Error('boom'),
 		});
 		const { result } = renderHook(() =>
-			usePanelQuery({ panel: builderPanel(), panelId: 'p1' }),
+			usePanelQuery({
+				panel: builderPanel(),
+				panelId: 'p1',
+				queryCapabilities: TIME_SERIES_CAPABILITIES,
+			}),
 		);
 		expect(result.current.error?.message).toBe('boom');
 	});
@@ -186,7 +225,11 @@ describe('usePanelQuery', () => {
 			error: null,
 		});
 		const { result } = renderHook(() =>
-			usePanelQuery({ panel: builderPanel(), panelId: 'p1' }),
+			usePanelQuery({
+				panel: builderPanel(),
+				panelId: 'p1',
+				queryCapabilities: TIME_SERIES_CAPABILITIES,
+			}),
 		);
 		expect(result.current.isLoading).toBe(false);
 		expect(result.current.isFetching).toBe(true);
@@ -200,7 +243,11 @@ describe('usePanelQuery', () => {
 			error: null,
 		});
 		const { result } = renderHook(() =>
-			usePanelQuery({ panel: builderPanel(), panelId: 'p1' }),
+			usePanelQuery({
+				panel: builderPanel(),
+				panelId: 'p1',
+				queryCapabilities: TIME_SERIES_CAPABILITIES,
+			}),
 		);
 		expect(result.current.isLoading).toBe(true);
 	});
@@ -213,14 +260,23 @@ describe('usePanelQuery', () => {
 			error: undefined,
 		});
 		const { result } = renderHook(() =>
-			usePanelQuery({ panel: builderPanel(), panelId: 'p1' }),
+			usePanelQuery({
+				panel: builderPanel(),
+				panelId: 'p1',
+				queryCapabilities: TIME_SERIES_CAPABILITIES,
+			}),
 		);
 		expect(result.current.error).toBeNull();
 	});
 
 	it('passes enabled=false to the fetch hook when the caller disables it', () => {
 		renderHook(() =>
-			usePanelQuery({ panel: builderPanel(), panelId: 'p1', enabled: false }),
+			usePanelQuery({
+				panel: builderPanel(),
+				panelId: 'p1',
+				queryCapabilities: TIME_SERIES_CAPABILITIES,
+				enabled: false,
+			}),
 		);
 		const [{ enabled }] = mockUseGetQueryRangeV5.mock.calls[0];
 		expect(enabled).toBe(false);
@@ -228,7 +284,12 @@ describe('usePanelQuery', () => {
 
 	it('auto-disables the fetch when the panel has no queries (even with enabled=true)', () => {
 		renderHook(() =>
-			usePanelQuery({ panel: emptyPanel(), panelId: 'p1', enabled: true }),
+			usePanelQuery({
+				panel: emptyPanel(),
+				panelId: 'p1',
+				queryCapabilities: TIME_SERIES_CAPABILITIES,
+				enabled: true,
+			}),
 		);
 		const [{ enabled }] = mockUseGetQueryRangeV5.mock.calls[0];
 		expect(enabled).toBe(false);
@@ -243,6 +304,7 @@ describe('usePanelQuery', () => {
 					aggregations: [{}],
 				}),
 				panelId: 'p1',
+				queryCapabilities: TIME_SERIES_CAPABILITIES,
 			}),
 		);
 		const [{ enabled }] = mockUseGetQueryRangeV5.mock.calls[0];
@@ -251,7 +313,13 @@ describe('usePanelQuery', () => {
 
 	it('composes a react-query cache key that includes panelId, time range, kind, and queries', () => {
 		const panel = builderPanel();
-		renderHook(() => usePanelQuery({ panel, panelId: 'p1' }));
+		renderHook(() =>
+			usePanelQuery({
+				panel,
+				panelId: 'p1',
+				queryCapabilities: TIME_SERIES_CAPABILITIES,
+			}),
+		);
 		const [{ queryKey }] = mockUseGetQueryRangeV5.mock.calls[0];
 		expect(queryKey).toStrictEqual(
 			expect.arrayContaining([
@@ -270,6 +338,7 @@ describe('usePanelQuery', () => {
 		renderHook(() =>
 			usePanelQuery({
 				panel,
+				queryCapabilities: TIME_SERIES_CAPABILITIES,
 				panelId: 'p1',
 				time: { startMs: 1_700_000_000_000, endMs: 1_700_000_600_000 },
 			}),
@@ -296,6 +365,7 @@ describe('usePanelQuery', () => {
 			usePanelQuery({
 				panel: builderPanel(),
 				panelId: 'p1',
+				queryCapabilities: TIME_SERIES_CAPABILITIES,
 				time: { startMs: 1_700_000_000_000.546, endMs: 1_700_000_600_000.999 },
 			}),
 		);
@@ -316,7 +386,11 @@ describe('usePanelQuery', () => {
 
 		it('exposes server paging at the default page size when the query has no limit', () => {
 			const { result } = renderHook(() =>
-				usePanelQuery({ panel: listPanel({}), panelId: 'p1' }),
+				usePanelQuery({
+					panel: listPanel({}),
+					panelId: 'p1',
+					queryCapabilities: LIST_PANEL_CAPABILITIES,
+				}),
 			);
 			expect(result.current.pagination).toBeDefined();
 			expect(result.current.pagination?.pageSize).toBe(25);
@@ -327,20 +401,34 @@ describe('usePanelQuery', () => {
 
 		it('disables the server pager when the query has an explicit limit (V1 parity)', () => {
 			const { result } = renderHook(() =>
-				usePanelQuery({ panel: listPanel({ limit: 100 }), panelId: 'p1' }),
+				usePanelQuery({
+					panel: listPanel({ limit: 100 }),
+					panelId: 'p1',
+					queryCapabilities: LIST_PANEL_CAPABILITIES,
+				}),
 			);
 			expect(result.current.pagination).toBeUndefined();
 		});
 
 		it('keeps previous data while paging so the table/pager stay mounted on page change', () => {
-			renderHook(() => usePanelQuery({ panel: listPanel({}), panelId: 'p1' }));
+			renderHook(() =>
+				usePanelQuery({
+					panel: listPanel({}),
+					panelId: 'p1',
+					queryCapabilities: LIST_PANEL_CAPABILITIES,
+				}),
+			);
 			const [{ keepPreviousData }] = mockUseGetQueryRangeV5.mock.calls[0];
 			expect(keepPreviousData).toBe(true);
 		});
 
 		it('changes the page size (and re-requests with the new limit) via setPageSize', () => {
 			const { result } = renderHook(() =>
-				usePanelQuery({ panel: listPanel({}), panelId: 'p1' }),
+				usePanelQuery({
+					panel: listPanel({}),
+					panelId: 'p1',
+					queryCapabilities: LIST_PANEL_CAPABILITIES,
+				}),
 			);
 
 			act(() => result.current.pagination?.setPageSize(50));
@@ -380,7 +468,11 @@ describe('usePanelQuery', () => {
 
 		it('starts on page 0 with no prev/next and does not throw before data arrives', () => {
 			const { result } = renderHook(() =>
-				usePanelQuery({ panel: listPanel({}), panelId: 'p1' }),
+				usePanelQuery({
+					panel: listPanel({}),
+					panelId: 'p1',
+					queryCapabilities: LIST_PANEL_CAPABILITIES,
+				}),
 			);
 			expect(result.current.pagination?.pageIndex).toBe(0);
 			expect(result.current.pagination?.canPrev).toBe(false);
@@ -392,21 +484,33 @@ describe('usePanelQuery', () => {
 			// window/cursor path), so a full page is the has-more signal.
 			withResponse(rawResponse(25));
 			const fullPage = renderHook(() =>
-				usePanelQuery({ panel: listPanel({}), panelId: 'p1' }),
+				usePanelQuery({
+					panel: listPanel({}),
+					panelId: 'p1',
+					queryCapabilities: LIST_PANEL_CAPABILITIES,
+				}),
 			);
 			expect(fullPage.result.current.pagination?.canNext).toBe(true);
 
 			// Partial page, no cursor → the last page.
 			withResponse(rawResponse(3));
 			const partialPage = renderHook(() =>
-				usePanelQuery({ panel: listPanel({}), panelId: 'p1' }),
+				usePanelQuery({
+					panel: listPanel({}),
+					panelId: 'p1',
+					queryCapabilities: LIST_PANEL_CAPABILITIES,
+				}),
 			);
 			expect(partialPage.result.current.pagination?.canNext).toBe(false);
 
 			// Cursor present (even on a partial page) → more rows (timestamp window path).
 			withResponse(rawResponse(3, 'cursor-1'));
 			const withCursor = renderHook(() =>
-				usePanelQuery({ panel: listPanel({}), panelId: 'p1' }),
+				usePanelQuery({
+					panel: listPanel({}),
+					panelId: 'p1',
+					queryCapabilities: LIST_PANEL_CAPABILITIES,
+				}),
 			);
 			expect(withCursor.result.current.pagination?.canNext).toBe(true);
 		});
@@ -416,7 +520,13 @@ describe('usePanelQuery', () => {
 			// Stable panel reference: a fresh one each render would change the
 			// `queries` identity and trip the offset-reset effect (real props are stable).
 			const panel = listPanel({});
-			const { result } = renderHook(() => usePanelQuery({ panel, panelId: 'p1' }));
+			const { result } = renderHook(() =>
+				usePanelQuery({
+					panel,
+					panelId: 'p1',
+					queryCapabilities: LIST_PANEL_CAPABILITIES,
+				}),
+			);
 			expect(result.current.pagination?.pageIndex).toBe(0);
 
 			act(() => result.current.pagination?.goNext());
@@ -428,7 +538,11 @@ describe('usePanelQuery', () => {
 		it('stays defined and zero-paged for a non-raw (scalar) response', () => {
 			withResponse({ data: { type: 'scalar', data: { results: [] } } });
 			const { result } = renderHook(() =>
-				usePanelQuery({ panel: listPanel({}), panelId: 'p1' }),
+				usePanelQuery({
+					panel: listPanel({}),
+					panelId: 'p1',
+					queryCapabilities: LIST_PANEL_CAPABILITIES,
+				}),
 			);
 			expect(result.current.pagination).toBeDefined();
 			expect(result.current.pagination?.canNext).toBe(false);
@@ -437,7 +551,11 @@ describe('usePanelQuery', () => {
 
 		it('ignores a non-positive page size so paging never goes invalid', () => {
 			const { result } = renderHook(() =>
-				usePanelQuery({ panel: listPanel({}), panelId: 'p1' }),
+				usePanelQuery({
+					panel: listPanel({}),
+					panelId: 'p1',
+					queryCapabilities: LIST_PANEL_CAPABILITIES,
+				}),
 			);
 			act(() => result.current.pagination?.setPageSize(0));
 			expect(result.current.pagination?.pageSize).toBe(25);
@@ -456,14 +574,26 @@ describe('usePanelQuery', () => {
 
 		it('caches for DASHBOARD_CACHE_TIME when auto-refresh is disabled', () => {
 			withAutoRefreshDisabled(true);
-			renderHook(() => usePanelQuery({ panel: builderPanel(), panelId: 'p1' }));
+			renderHook(() =>
+				usePanelQuery({
+					panel: builderPanel(),
+					panelId: 'p1',
+					queryCapabilities: TIME_SERIES_CAPABILITIES,
+				}),
+			);
 			const [{ cacheTime }] = mockUseGetQueryRangeV5.mock.calls[0];
 			expect(cacheTime).toBe(DASHBOARD_CACHE_TIME);
 		});
 
 		it('drops cacheTime to 0 when auto-refresh is enabled', () => {
 			withAutoRefreshDisabled(false);
-			renderHook(() => usePanelQuery({ panel: builderPanel(), panelId: 'p1' }));
+			renderHook(() =>
+				usePanelQuery({
+					panel: builderPanel(),
+					panelId: 'p1',
+					queryCapabilities: TIME_SERIES_CAPABILITIES,
+				}),
+			);
 			const [{ cacheTime }] = mockUseGetQueryRangeV5.mock.calls[0];
 			expect(cacheTime).toBe(DASHBOARD_CACHE_TIME_ON_REFRESH_ENABLED);
 		});

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/hooks/usePanelQuery.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import { useQueryClient } from 'react-query';
 // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-imports -- TODO: migrate global time selector off redux
 import { useSelector } from 'react-redux';
 import type { DashboardtypesPanelDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
-import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
 import {
 	DASHBOARD_CACHE_TIME,
 	DASHBOARD_CACHE_TIME_ON_REFRESH_ENABLED,
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ import {
 	queryReferencesAnyVariable,
 } from '../queryV5/getReferencedVariables';
 import { getBuilderQueries } from '../Panels/utils/getBuilderQueries';
-import { PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE } from '../Panels/types/panelKind';
+import type { PanelQueryCapabilities } from '../Panels/types/panelCapabilities';
 import { selectResolvedVariables } from '../store/slices/variableSelectionSlice';
 import { useDashboardStore } from '../store/useDashboardStore';
 import { resolvePanelTimeWindow } from './resolvePanelTimeWindow';
@@ -38,6 +37,8 @@ const DEFAULT_LIST_PAGE_SIZE = 25;
 export interface UsePanelQueryArgs {
 	panel: DashboardtypesPanelDTO;
 	panelId: string;
+	/** The panel kind's declared query capabilities — `panelDefinition.queryCapabilities` at the call site. */
+	queryCapabilities: PanelQueryCapabilities;
 	/**
 	 * Gate the fetch (default true). PanelV2 sets false for unregistered kinds to skip a wasted
 	 * call. The hook also auto-disables internally when the panel has no runnable queries.
@@ -85,21 +86,20 @@ export interface UsePanelQueryResult {
 export function usePanelQuery({
 	panel,
 	panelId,
+	queryCapabilities,
 	enabled = true,
 	time,
 }: UsePanelQueryArgs): UsePanelQueryResult {
 	const fullKind = panel.spec.plugin.kind;
-	const panelType =
-		(fullKind && PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE[fullKind]) ?? PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES;
 	const queries = panel.spec.queries;
 
-	// V1 parity: a list query with an explicit `limit` shows without a server pager; without
-	// one it pages server-side at a user-selectable size.
+	// V1 parity: a query with an explicit `limit` shows without a server pager; without
+	// one a paging kind fetches server-side at a user-selectable size.
 	const hasExplicitLimit = useMemo(
 		() => !!getBuilderQueries(queries)[0]?.limit,
 		[queries],
 	);
-	const isPaginated = panelType === PANEL_TYPES.LIST && !hasExplicitLimit;
+	const isPaginated = queryCapabilities.serverPaginated && !hasExplicitLimit;
 
 	const [pageSize, setPageSize] = useState(DEFAULT_LIST_PAGE_SIZE);
 	const [offset, setOffset] = useState(0);
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ export function usePanelQuery({
 		() =>
 			buildQueryRangeRequest({
 				queries,
-				panelType,
+				queryCapabilities,
 				startMs,
 				endMs,
 				fillGaps,
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ export function usePanelQuery({
 			}),
 		[
 			queries,
-			panelType,
+			queryCapabilities,
 			startMs,
 			endMs,
 			fillGaps,

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/queryV5/__tests__/buildQueryRangeRequest.test.ts

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
-import type { DashboardtypesQueryDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
-import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
+import {
+	type DashboardtypesQueryDTO,
+	Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO,
+} from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 
 import {
 	buildQueryRangeRequest,
 	extractLegendMap,
 	getBarStepIntervalSeconds,
 	hasRunnableQueries,
-	panelTypeToRequestType,
 	toQueryEnvelopes,
 } from '../buildQueryRangeRequest';
 
@@ -40,20 +41,46 @@ function compositeQuery(
 const HOUR_MS = 60 * 60 * 1000;
 const START_MS = 1_700_000_000_000;
 
-describe('panelTypeToRequestType', () => {
+// Capability blocks matching what each kind declares, so these tests exercise the
+// builder's response to the flags rather than the declarations themselves (those are
+// asserted against the registry in Panels/__tests__/capabilities.test.ts).
+const TIME_SERIES_CAPABILITIES = {
+	requestType: Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO.time_series,
+	formatTableResultForUI: false,
+	bucketedStepInterval: false,
+	orderTiebreaker: false,
+	serverPaginated: false,
+};
+const BAR_CAPABILITIES = {
+	...TIME_SERIES_CAPABILITIES,
+	bucketedStepInterval: true,
+};
+const TABLE_CAPABILITIES = {
+	...TIME_SERIES_CAPABILITIES,
+	requestType: Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO.scalar,
+	formatTableResultForUI: true,
+};
+const LIST_PANEL_CAPABILITIES = {
+	...TIME_SERIES_CAPABILITIES,
+	requestType: Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO.raw,
+	orderTiebreaker: true,
+	serverPaginated: true,
+};
+
+describe('requestType', () => {
 	it.each([
-		[PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES, 'time_series'],
-		// HISTOGRAM and BAR bin client-side from time-series data; sending
-		// 'distribution' would return a shape the renderers can't bin.
-		[PANEL_TYPES.BAR, 'time_series'],
-		[PANEL_TYPES.HISTOGRAM, 'time_series'],
-		[PANEL_TYPES.TABLE, 'scalar'],
-		[PANEL_TYPES.PIE, 'scalar'],
-		[PANEL_TYPES.VALUE, 'scalar'],
-		[PANEL_TYPES.LIST, 'raw'],
-		[PANEL_TYPES.TRACE, 'trace'],
-	])('%s → %s', (panelType, requestType) => {
-		expect(panelTypeToRequestType(panelType)).toBe(requestType);
+		Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO.time_series,
+		Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO.scalar,
+		Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO.raw,
+		Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO.trace,
+	])('passes %s through from the declared capabilities', (requestType) => {
+		const request = buildQueryRangeRequest({
+			queries: bareBuilderQuery({ name: 'A', signal: 'metrics' }),
+			queryCapabilities: { ...TIME_SERIES_CAPABILITIES, requestType },
+			startMs: START_MS,
+			endMs: START_MS + HOUR_MS,
+		});
+		expect(request.requestType).toBe(requestType);
 	});
 });
 
@@ -135,7 +162,7 @@ describe('buildQueryRangeRequest', () => {
 	it('assembles the full request DTO', () => {
 		const request = buildQueryRangeRequest({
 			queries: bareBuilderQuery({ name: 'A', signal: 'metrics' }),
-			panelType: PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES,
+			queryCapabilities: TIME_SERIES_CAPABILITIES,
 			startMs: START_MS,
 			endMs: START_MS + HOUR_MS,
 		});
@@ -157,7 +184,7 @@ describe('buildQueryRangeRequest', () => {
 	it('sets formatTableResultForUI only for TABLE panels', () => {
 		const request = buildQueryRangeRequest({
 			queries: bareBuilderQuery({ name: 'A' }),
-			panelType: PANEL_TYPES.TABLE,
+			queryCapabilities: TABLE_CAPABILITIES,
 			startMs: START_MS,
 			endMs: START_MS + HOUR_MS,
 		});
@@ -167,7 +194,7 @@ describe('buildQueryRangeRequest', () => {
 	it('passes through fillGaps into formatOptions', () => {
 		const request = buildQueryRangeRequest({
 			queries: bareBuilderQuery({ name: 'A' }),
-			panelType: PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES,
+			queryCapabilities: TIME_SERIES_CAPABILITIES,
 			startMs: START_MS,
 			endMs: START_MS + HOUR_MS,
 			fillGaps: true,
@@ -178,7 +205,7 @@ describe('buildQueryRangeRequest', () => {
 	it('stamps offset/limit onto builder queries when pagination is given', () => {
 		const request = buildQueryRangeRequest({
 			queries: bareBuilderQuery({ name: 'A', signal: 'logs' }),
-			panelType: PANEL_TYPES.LIST,
+			queryCapabilities: LIST_PANEL_CAPABILITIES,
 			startMs: START_MS,
 			endMs: START_MS + HOUR_MS,
 			pagination: { offset: 100, limit: 50 },
@@ -198,7 +225,7 @@ describe('buildQueryRangeRequest', () => {
 	it('defaults a logs list with no order to timestamp desc + id tiebreaker', () => {
 		const request = buildQueryRangeRequest({
 			queries: bareBuilderQuery({ name: 'A', signal: 'logs' }),
-			panelType: PANEL_TYPES.LIST,
+			queryCapabilities: LIST_PANEL_CAPABILITIES,
 			startMs: START_MS,
 			endMs: START_MS + HOUR_MS,
 		});
@@ -218,7 +245,7 @@ describe('buildQueryRangeRequest', () => {
 				signal: 'logs',
 				order: [{ key: { name: 'timestamp' }, direction: 'desc' }],
 			}),
-			panelType: PANEL_TYPES.LIST,
+			queryCapabilities: LIST_PANEL_CAPABILITIES,
 			startMs: START_MS,
 			endMs: START_MS + HOUR_MS,
 		});
@@ -238,7 +265,7 @@ describe('buildQueryRangeRequest', () => {
 		];
 		const request = buildQueryRangeRequest({
 			queries: bareBuilderQuery({ name: 'A', signal: 'logs', order }),
-			panelType: PANEL_TYPES.LIST,
+			queryCapabilities: LIST_PANEL_CAPABILITIES,
 			startMs: START_MS,
 			endMs: START_MS + HOUR_MS,
 		});
@@ -252,7 +279,7 @@ describe('buildQueryRangeRequest', () => {
 		const order = [{ key: { name: 'timestamp' }, direction: 'desc' }];
 		const request = buildQueryRangeRequest({
 			queries: bareBuilderQuery({ name: 'A', signal: 'traces', order }),
-			panelType: PANEL_TYPES.LIST,
+			queryCapabilities: LIST_PANEL_CAPABILITIES,
 			startMs: START_MS,
 			endMs: START_MS + HOUR_MS,
 		});
@@ -265,7 +292,7 @@ describe('buildQueryRangeRequest', () => {
 	it('injects the range-derived stepInterval into BAR builder queries without one', () => {
 		const request = buildQueryRangeRequest({
 			queries: bareBuilderQuery({ name: 'A', signal: 'metrics' }),
-			panelType: PANEL_TYPES.BAR,
+			queryCapabilities: BAR_CAPABILITIES,
 			startMs: START_MS,
 			endMs: START_MS + HOUR_MS,
 		});
@@ -280,7 +307,7 @@ describe('buildQueryRangeRequest', () => {
 	it('preserves a user-set stepInterval on BAR builder queries', () => {
 		const request = buildQueryRangeRequest({
 			queries: bareBuilderQuery({ name: 'A', stepInterval: 300 }),
-			panelType: PANEL_TYPES.BAR,
+			queryCapabilities: BAR_CAPABILITIES,
 			startMs: START_MS,
 			endMs: START_MS + HOUR_MS,
 		});
@@ -293,7 +320,7 @@ describe('buildQueryRangeRequest', () => {
 	it('does not touch stepInterval for non-BAR panels', () => {
 		const request = buildQueryRangeRequest({
 			queries: bareBuilderQuery({ name: 'A' }),
-			panelType: PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES,
+			queryCapabilities: TIME_SERIES_CAPABILITIES,
 			startMs: START_MS,
 			endMs: START_MS + HOUR_MS,
 		});

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/queryV5/__tests__/persesQueryAdapters.test.ts

@@ -7,7 +7,12 @@ import type { Query } from 'types/api/queryBuilder/queryBuilderData';
 import { EQueryType } from 'types/common/dashboard';
 import { DataSource } from 'types/common/queryBuilder';
 
-import { envelopesToQuery, fromPerses, toPerses } from '../persesQueryAdapters';
+import {
+	envelopesToQuery,
+	fromPerses,
+	panelTypeToRequestType,
+	toPerses,
+} from '../persesQueryAdapters';
 
 /** A bare perses query (single plugin, not wrapped in a CompositeQuery). */
 function bareQuery(
@@ -21,6 +26,23 @@ function bareQuery(
 }
 
 describe('persesQueryAdapters', () => {
+	describe('panelTypeToRequestType', () => {
+		it.each([
+			[PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES, 'time_series'],
+			// HISTOGRAM and BAR bin client-side from time-series data; sending
+			// 'distribution' would return a shape the renderers can't bin.
+			[PANEL_TYPES.BAR, 'time_series'],
+			[PANEL_TYPES.HISTOGRAM, 'time_series'],
+			[PANEL_TYPES.TABLE, 'scalar'],
+			[PANEL_TYPES.PIE, 'scalar'],
+			[PANEL_TYPES.VALUE, 'scalar'],
+			[PANEL_TYPES.LIST, 'raw'],
+			[PANEL_TYPES.TRACE, 'trace'],
+		])('%s → %s', (panelType, requestType) => {
+			expect(panelTypeToRequestType(panelType)).toBe(requestType);
+		});
+	});
+
 	describe('fromPerses', () => {
 		it('returns a fresh metrics builder query for an empty panel', () => {
 			const query = fromPerses([], PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES);

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/queryV5/buildQueryRangeRequest.ts

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ import {
 	Querybuildertypesv5QueryEnvelopeBuilderDTOType,
 	Querybuildertypesv5QueryEnvelopeClickHouseSQLDTOType,
 	Querybuildertypesv5QueryEnvelopePromQLDTOType,
-	Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO,
 } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
-import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
+
+import type { PanelQueryCapabilities } from '../Panels/types/panelCapabilities';
 
 // Narrow view over the envelope spec variants. Orval erases envelope `spec` to `unknown`, so
 // shared fields are read through this view with a localized cast at the envelope boundary.
@@ -29,31 +29,6 @@ interface QuerySpecView {
 	order?: Querybuildertypesv5OrderByDTO[];
 }
 
-/**
- * Maps a V2 panel type to the V5 `requestType`. HISTOGRAM/BAR bin client-side from raw
- * time-series, so their request type is `time_series` (V1 parity).
- */
-export function panelTypeToRequestType(
-	panelType: PANEL_TYPES,
-): Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO {
-	switch (panelType) {
-		case PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES:
-		case PANEL_TYPES.BAR:
-		case PANEL_TYPES.HISTOGRAM:
-			return Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO.time_series;
-		case PANEL_TYPES.TABLE:
-		case PANEL_TYPES.PIE:
-		case PANEL_TYPES.VALUE:
-			return Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO.scalar;
-		case PANEL_TYPES.LIST:
-			return Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO.raw;
-		case PANEL_TYPES.TRACE:
-			return Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO.trace;
-		default:
-			return Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO.time_series;
-	}
-}
-
 /**
  * Unwraps the perses query into the V5 `compositeQuery.queries` list: a CompositeQuery passes
  * through verbatim, bare plugins wrap into one envelope. Top-level Formula/TraceOperator are
@@ -239,7 +214,13 @@ function withPagination(
 
 export interface BuildQueryRangeRequestArgs {
 	queries: DashboardtypesQueryDTO[];
-	panelType: PANEL_TYPES;
+	/**
+	 * The panel kind's declared query capabilities (`PanelDefinition.queryCapabilities`): request type,
+	 * result formatting, and the step-interval/order treatment. Passed in rather than looked up
+	 * by kind so this stays a leaf of the query layer — the panel registry carries every
+	 * renderer with it, which has no business in the data path.
+	 */
+	queryCapabilities: PanelQueryCapabilities;
 	/** Epoch milliseconds. */
 	startMs: number;
 	/** Epoch milliseconds. */
@@ -258,7 +239,12 @@ export interface BuildQueryRangeRequestArgs {
  */
 export function buildQueryRangeRequest({
 	queries,
-	panelType,
+	queryCapabilities: {
+		requestType,
+		formatTableResultForUI,
+		bucketedStepInterval,
+		orderTiebreaker,
+	},
 	startMs,
 	endMs,
 	fillGaps = false,
@@ -266,10 +252,10 @@ export function buildQueryRangeRequest({
 	variables = {},
 }: BuildQueryRangeRequestArgs): Querybuildertypesv5QueryRangeRequestDTO {
 	let envelopes = toQueryEnvelopes(queries);
-	if (panelType === PANEL_TYPES.BAR) {
+	if (bucketedStepInterval) {
 		envelopes = withBarStepInterval(envelopes, startMs, endMs);
 	}
-	if (panelType === PANEL_TYPES.LIST) {
+	if (orderTiebreaker) {
 		envelopes = withListOrderTiebreaker(envelopes);
 	}
 	if (pagination) {
@@ -280,10 +266,10 @@ export function buildQueryRangeRequest({
 		schemaVersion: 'v1',
 		start: startMs,
 		end: endMs,
-		requestType: panelTypeToRequestType(panelType),
+		requestType,
 		compositeQuery: { queries: envelopes },
 		formatOptions: {
-			formatTableResultForUI: panelType === PANEL_TYPES.TABLE,
+			formatTableResultForUI,
 			fillGaps,
 		},
 		variables,

frontend/src/pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/queryV5/persesQueryAdapters.ts

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import {
 	Querybuildertypesv5QueryEnvelopeBuilderDTOType,
 	Querybuildertypesv5QueryEnvelopeClickHouseSQLDTOType,
 	Querybuildertypesv5QueryEnvelopePromQLDTOType,
+	Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO,
 } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import { initialQueriesMap, PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
 import { mapCompositeQueryFromQuery } from 'lib/newQueryBuilder/queryBuilderMappers/mapCompositeQueryFromQuery';
@@ -20,10 +21,7 @@ import type { QueryEnvelope } from 'types/api/v5/queryRange';
 import { EQueryType } from 'types/common/dashboard';
 import { DataSource } from 'types/common/queryBuilder';
 
-import {
-	panelTypeToRequestType,
-	toQueryEnvelopes,
-} from './buildQueryRangeRequest';
+import { toQueryEnvelopes } from './buildQueryRangeRequest';
 
 /**
  * Adapters between the V2 perses query shape and the V1 `Query` the shared query
@@ -90,6 +88,33 @@ export function deriveQueryType(
 	return EQueryType.QUERY_BUILDER;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Maps a legacy panel type to the V5 `requestType`. Lives on this side of the V1 boundary
+ * because only the V1 pivot still speaks `PANEL_TYPES` — V2 panels read `requestType` off
+ * their kind's declared query capabilities instead. BAR/HISTOGRAM bin client-side from a raw
+ * time series, so they request `time_series` (V1 parity).
+ */
+export function panelTypeToRequestType(
+	panelType: PANEL_TYPES,
+): Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO {
+	switch (panelType) {
+		case PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES:
+		case PANEL_TYPES.BAR:
+		case PANEL_TYPES.HISTOGRAM:
+			return Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO.time_series;
+		case PANEL_TYPES.TABLE:
+		case PANEL_TYPES.PIE:
+		case PANEL_TYPES.VALUE:
+			return Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO.scalar;
+		case PANEL_TYPES.LIST:
+			return Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO.raw;
+		case PANEL_TYPES.TRACE:
+			return Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO.trace;
+		default:
+			return Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO.time_series;
+	}
+}
+
 /**
  * V5 query-envelope list → V1 `Query`, via `mapQueryDataFromApi`. An empty list opens
  * on a fresh metrics builder query. Used by `fromPerses` and by the envelopes a

frontend/src/pages/PublicDashboard/PublicDashboardV2/PublicPanel/PublicPanel.tsx

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ function PublicPanel({
 	const { data, isFetching, isPreviousData, error, refetch } =
 		usePublicPanelQuery({
 			panel,
+			queryCapabilities: panelDefinition.queryCapabilities,
 			panelKey,
 			publicDashboardId,
 			startMs,

frontend/src/pages/PublicDashboard/PublicDashboardV2/hooks/__tests__/usePublicPanelQuery.test.tsx

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 import { renderHook, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { getPublicDashboardPanelQueryRangeV2 } from 'api/generated/services/dashboard';
-import type { DashboardtypesPanelDTO } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
+import {
+	type DashboardtypesPanelDTO,
+	Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO,
+} from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
 import { ReactNode } from 'react';
 import { QueryClient, QueryClientProvider } from 'react-query';
 
@@ -42,6 +45,15 @@ const panel = {
 
 const args = {
 	panel,
+	// What TimeSeries declares; passed in rather than resolved from the registry, which
+	// would pull every panel renderer into this suite.
+	queryCapabilities: {
+		requestType: Querybuildertypesv5RequestTypeDTO.time_series,
+		formatTableResultForUI: false,
+		bucketedStepInterval: false,
+		orderTiebreaker: false,
+		serverPaginated: false,
+	},
 	panelKey: 'panel-1',
 	publicDashboardId: 'pub-1',
 	startMs: 1000,

frontend/src/pages/PublicDashboard/PublicDashboardV2/hooks/usePublicPanelQuery.ts

@@ -3,10 +3,9 @@ import type {
 	DashboardtypesPanelDTO,
 	GetPublicDashboardPanelQueryRangeV2200,
 } from 'api/generated/services/sigNoz.schemas';
-import { PANEL_TYPES } from 'constants/queryBuilder';
 import { REACT_QUERY_KEY } from 'constants/reactQueryKeys';
 import { retryUnlessClientError } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/hooks/useGetQueryRangeV5';
-import { PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/types/panelKind';
+import type { PanelQueryCapabilities } from 'pages/DashboardPageV2/DashboardContainer/Panels/types/panelCapabilities';
 import {
 	buildQueryRangeRequest,
 	extractLegendMap,
@@ -21,6 +20,8 @@ import { useQuery, useQueryClient } from 'react-query';
 
 export interface UsePublicPanelQueryArgs {
 	panel: DashboardtypesPanelDTO;
+	/** The panel kind's declared query capabilities — `panelDefinition.queryCapabilities`. */
+	queryCapabilities: PanelQueryCapabilities;
 	/** Panel key in `spec.panels` — addresses the panel on the public endpoint. */
 	panelKey: string;
 	publicDashboardId: string;
@@ -52,15 +53,13 @@ export interface UsePublicPanelQueryResult {
  */
 export function usePublicPanelQuery({
 	panel,
+	queryCapabilities,
 	panelKey,
 	publicDashboardId,
 	startMs,
 	endMs,
 	enabled = true,
 }: UsePublicPanelQueryArgs): UsePublicPanelQueryResult {
-	const fullKind = panel.spec.plugin.kind;
-	const panelType =
-		(fullKind && PANEL_KIND_TO_PANEL_TYPE[fullKind]) ?? PANEL_TYPES.TIME_SERIES;
 	const { queries } = panel.spec;
 
 	const pluginSpec = panel.spec.plugin.spec;
@@ -77,13 +76,13 @@ export function usePublicPanelQuery({
 		() =>
 			buildQueryRangeRequest({
 				queries,
-				panelType,
+				queryCapabilities,
 				startMs,
 				endMs,
 				fillGaps,
 				variables: {},
 			}),
-		[queries, panelType, startMs, endMs, fillGaps],
+		[queries, queryCapabilities, startMs, endMs, fillGaps],
 	);
 
 	const legendMap = useMemo(() => extractLegendMap(queries), [queries]);