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#### Description
- Every user-controlled field name that reaches generated SQL goes
through the new `pkg/clickhousesql` package (`Identifier`,
`StringLiteral`, `Literal`, `LikePattern`): map reads and `mapContains`,
JSON sub-column paths and the JSON body access plan, labels, fingerprint
labels, materialized column names, select aliases, group-by and order-by
references, the legacy string-body JSONPath, and the raw SQL in the
trace funnel, trace detail and infra monitoring modules. Filter
expressions built from request or telemetry values use
`querybuilder.FilterStringLiteral`. The same package now also renders
dashboard variable values in the querier, LIKE patterns in the metadata
store and label lists in the PromQL transpiler, which each had their own
escaping.
- A `$` followed by a digit, `{` or `?` is written as `\x24`, which
ClickHouse decodes in identifiers and literals. Those are the forms the
tools react to: go-sqlbuilder resolves `$0` in a compiled fragment to
its own WHERE clause and recurses until the stack overflows, and
clickhouse-go rejects a query mixing `$<digits>` with `?` arguments. Any
other `$` stays literal, so materialized column names keep their `$$`
and render exactly as before; a key like `http.2xx` becomes ``
`attribute_string_http$\x242xx` `` instead of failing in the driver.
- Compiled sqlbuilder fragments (Select, GroupBy, OrderBy, raw Where
text) are wrapped with `sqlbuilder.Escape`; the metrics builder escapes
its compiled time-series subquery, which is compiled a second time when
joined.
- The raw statement validator (`ErrIfStatementIsNotValid`,
`LogIfStatementIsNotValid`) moves from
`pkg/querybuilder/clickhouse_sql.go` to
`pkg/clickhousesql/statement.go`. Its `Code*` identifiers drop the
`ClickHouseSQL` prefix; the code strings are unchanged.
- Unit tests round-trip the helpers over hostile names and drive them
through the modules' raw SQL;
`tests/integration/tests/queriercommon/08_field_name_quoting.py` and
`querier_json_body/07_field_name_quoting.py` query such names through
the logs, traces and metrics builders against a real ClickHouse.
#### Additional Information
- `docs/contributing/go/clickhousesql.md` documents the quoting
functions, where `sqlbuilder.Escape` belongs, the `$` rule and the
statement validator; `.claude/rules/go-contrib.md` points at it.
- `pkg/clickhousesql` is a leaf package so `telemetrytypes` (JSON access
plan) and `querybuilder` share one implementation without a cycle.
- For names without special characters the generated SQL is byte
identical.
- Not covered here: the legacy v3/v4 query_range builders and the
`pkg/query-service/utils` quoting helpers (`QuoteEscapedString`,
`QuoteEscapedStringForContains`, `ClickHouseFormattedValue`,
`AddBackTickToFormatTag`), the collector's `JSONSubColumnIndexExpr`, and
aggregation arguments naming a key that contains a backtick (rejected by
the SQL parser, a 500 as before).
🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)
Go
This document provides an overview of contributing to the SigNoz backend written in Go. The SigNoz backend is built with Go, focusing on performance, maintainability, and developer experience. We strive for clean, idiomatic code that follows established Go practices while addressing the unique needs of an observability platform.
We adhere to three primary style guides as our foundation:
- Effective Go - For writing idiomatic Go code
- Code Review Comments - For understanding common comments in code reviews
- Google Style Guide - Additional practices from Google
We recommend (almost enforce) reviewing these guides before contributing to the codebase. They provide valuable insights into writing idiomatic Go code and will help you understand our approach to backend development. In addition, we have a few additional rules that make certain areas stricter than the above which can be found in area-specific files in this package:
- Abstractions - When to introduce new types and intermediate representations
- Authz - Authorization, roles, and access control
- ClickHouse SQL - Quoting names and values in generated ClickHouse queries
- Errors - Structured error handling
- Endpoint - HTTP endpoint patterns
- Flagger - Feature flag patterns
- Handler - HTTP handler patterns
- Provider - Dependency injection and provider patterns
- Packages - Naming, layout, and conventions for
pkg/packages - Service - Managed service lifecycle with
factory.Service - SQL - Database and SQL patterns
- Types - Domain types, request/response bodies, and storage rows in
pkg/types/